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In recent years new technologies have developed allowing for real-time, remote tide information to be published online via a solar powered wireless connection to a tide sensor. Acoustic/ultrasonic sensors have already been deployed to great effect and the data is regularly broadcast via
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Tidal poles and float gauges were the primary means of sea-level measurement for over 150 years and continue to operate at some locations today. While still part of modern-day tide gauge instrumentation, these technologies have since been superseded by pressure gauges (similar to
105:
Historical data are available for about 1,450 stations worldwide, of which about 950 have provided updates to the global data center since
January 2010. At some places records cover centuries, for example in
191:
Tide gauges have a practical application in the shipping and fishing industries where low or high tide levels can hinder or prohibit access to shallow bays or locations with bridges. An example is the
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Data collected from tide gauges is also of interest to scientists measuring global weather patterns, the mean sea water level, and trends - notably those potentially associated with global warming.
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588:
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1991:
1981:
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102:. Water enters the device by the bottom pipe (far end of the tube, see picture), and electronic sensors measure its height and send the data to a tiny computer.
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port. Because of similar problems many industries have installed private tide gauges in ports around the world, and also rely on government agencies (such as
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Sea-level measurements were made using simple measuring poles or "tide staffs" until around 1830, when self-recording gauges with mechanical
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When it comes to estimating the greater ocean picture, new modern tide gauges can often be improved upon by using satellite data.
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357:"An Improved Calibration of Satellite Altimetric Heights Using Tide Gauge Sea Levels with Adjustment for Land Motion"
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311:"A New Methodology for Incorporating Tide Gauge Data in Sea Surface Topography Models"
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A tsunami can be detected when the sea level begins to rise, although warnings from
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in
Portugal, which was originally installed because of the sand bar in the River
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With explanatory diagram showing Lea-type float gauge and stilling-well.
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Interior view of
Cascais Tide Gauge showing data recording equipment
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The following types of tide gauges have been used historically:
27:
Device for measuring the change in sea level relative to a datum
1022:
748:
464:
Ian
Shennan; Antony J. Long; Benjamin P. Horton, eds. (2015).
98:
with respect to a height reference surface close to the
124:. The measurements make it possible to derive the mean
309:
Iliffe, J. C.; Ziebart, M. K.; Turner, J. F. (2007).
2084:
2058:
2020:
1972:
1911:
1806:
1678:
1575:
1370:
1056:
586:
1992:North West Shelf Operational Oceanographic System
155:), acoustic/ultrasonic gauges, and radar gauges.
1982:Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis
407:. De Gruyter Textbook. De Gruyter. p. 80.
199:that causes difficulties for shipping entering
566:"Other Long Records not in the PSMSL Data Set"
94:Sensors continuously record the height of the
1034:
760:
110:where data dating back to 1700 is available.
8:
777:meteorological equipment and instrumentation
1041:
1027:
1019:
767:
753:
745:
434:International Tsunami Information Center.
613:Geospatial Information Authority of Japan
663:"ioBridge Apps - Ockway Bay Tide Levels"
182:
54:is a device for measuring the change in
275:
1313:one-dimensional Saint-Venant equations
82:, the instrument may also be called a
7:
2260:
545:Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level
174:High resolution automatic tide gauge
147:and stilling wells were introduced.
2140:National Oceanographic Data Center
1567:World Ocean Circulation Experiment
1455:Global Ocean Data Analysis Project
171:High accuracy automatic tide gauge
25:
1987:Global Sea Level Observing System
2270:
2259:
2250:
2249:
1445:Geochemical Ocean Sections Study
1361:
1350:
436:"4. Tide, Mareograph, Sea Level"
233:
116:Tide gauges are used to measure
2175:Ocean thermal energy conversion
1898:Vine–Matthews–Morley hypothesis
638:"Remote Monitoring a MaxSonar®"
467:Handbook of Sea-Level Research
401:Torge, W.; MĂĽller, J. (2012).
1:
1435:El Niño–Southern Oscillation
1405:Craik–Leibovich vortex force
1161:Luke's variational principle
691:Gerd Morgenschweis (2010).
541:"Obtaining Tide Gauge Data"
288:Your Guide in St Petersburg
223:and also displayed online.
2314:
1500:Ocean dynamical thermostat
1348:
735:Mean Sea Level Explanation
517:"Definition of LIMNIMETER"
492:"Definition of LIMNIMETER"
2245:
2035:Ocean acoustic tomography
1848:Mohorovičić discontinuity
1440:General circulation model
1076:Benjamin–Feir instability
783:
373:10.1080/01490410050128591
355:Mitchum, Gary T. (2000).
327:10.1080/01490410701568384
284:"The Kronstadt sea-gauge"
120:and quantify the size of
2165:Ocean surface topography
1540:Thermohaline circulation
1530:Subsurface ocean current
1470:Hydrothermal circulation
1303:Wave–current interaction
1081:Boussinesq approximation
605:"History of tide gauges"
62:. It is also known as a
2202:Sea surface temperature
2185:Outline of oceanography
1380:Atmospheric circulation
1318:shallow water equations
1308:Waves and shallow water
1201:Significant wave height
858:Ice accretion indicator
521:www.merriam-webster.com
264:Fort Denison#Tide gauge
2197:Sea surface microlayer
1562:Wind generated current
898:Present weather sensor
470:. Wiley. p. 557.
188:
162:Kelvin type tide gauge
47:
35:
2030:Deep scattering layer
2012:World Geodetic System
1520:Princeton Ocean Model
1400:Coriolis–Stokes force
1050:Physical oceanography
186:
165:Fuess type tide gauge
41:
33:
2050:Underwater acoustics
1610:Perigean spring tide
1475:Langmuir circulation
1186:Rossby-gravity waves
823:Dark adaptor goggles
135:can be more useful.
2212:Science On a Sphere
1818:Convergent boundary
1490:Modular Ocean Model
1450:Geostrophic current
1166:Mild-slope equation
722:Historical Examples
697:. Springer-Verlag.
179:Common applications
168:GSI type tide gauge
1868:Seafloor spreading
1858:Outer trench swell
1823:Divergent boundary
1723:Continental margin
1708:Carbonate platform
1605:Lunitidal interval
868:Lightning detector
727:2013-01-05 at the
591:2015-08-24 at the
193:Cascais tide gauge
189:
74:. When applied to
72:sea-level recorder
48:
42:The tide gauge in
36:
2285:
2284:
2277:Oceans portal
2237:World Ocean Atlas
2227:Underwater glider
2170:Ocean temperature
1833:Hydrothermal vent
1798:Submarine volcano
1733:Continental shelf
1713:Coastal geography
1703:Bathymetric chart
1585:Amphidromic point
1273:Wave nonlinearity
1131:Infragravity wave
1016:
1015:
958:Thermo-hygrograph
948:Sunshine recorder
813:Ceiling projector
704:978-3-642-05390-0
477:978-1-118-45257-8
414:978-3-11-025000-8
16:(Redirected from
2305:
2275:
2274:
2263:
2262:
2253:
2252:
2192:Pelagic sediment
2130:Marine pollution
1924:Deep ocean water
1793:Submarine canyon
1728:Continental rise
1620:Rule of twelfths
1535:Sverdrup balance
1465:Humboldt Current
1390:Boundary current
1365:
1354:
1171:Radiation stress
1141:Iribarren number
1116:Equatorial waves
1071:Ballantine scale
1066:Airy wave theory
1043:
1036:
1029:
1020:
998:Whole sky camera
943:Stevenson screen
848:Heat flux sensor
769:
762:
755:
746:
731:Brown University
711:
708:
678:
677:
675:
674:
665:. Archived from
659:
653:
652:
650:
649:
640:. Archived from
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628:
627:
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624:
615:. Archived from
609:Tide Observation
601:
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442:. Archived from
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133:seismic activity
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2054:
2016:
1997:Sea-level curve
1968:
1907:
1893:Transform fault
1843:Mid-ocean ridge
1809:
1802:
1768:Oceanic plateau
1674:
1660:Tidal resonance
1630:Theory of tides
1571:
1480:Longshore drift
1430:Ekman transport
1366:
1360:
1359:
1358:
1357:
1356:
1355:
1346:
1298:Wave turbulence
1231:Trochoidal wave
1156:Longshore drift
1052:
1047:
1017:
1012:
978:Weather balloon
973:Transmissometer
938:Sounding rocket
883:Pan evaporation
808:Ceiling balloon
779:
773:
729:Wayback Machine
718:
709:
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690:
687:
685:Further reading
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593:Wayback Machine
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2217:Stratification
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2107:Color of water
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2102:Benthic lander
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2018:
2017:
2015:
2014:
2009:
2007:Sea level rise
2004:
2002:Sea level drop
1999:
1994:
1989:
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1838:Marine geology
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1778:Passive margin
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1773:Oceanic trench
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1505:Ocean dynamics
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1395:Coriolis force
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1216:Stokes problem
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1151:Kinematic wave
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740:NOAA Tide Data
737:
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717:
716:External links
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508:
483:
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393:
367:(3): 145–166.
361:Marine Geodesy
347:
321:(4): 271–296.
315:Marine Geodesy
301:
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254:Sea level rise
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60:vertical datum
58:relative to a
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2128:
2126:
2125:Marine energy
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2121:
2118:
2116:
2115:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2092:Acidification
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2089:
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2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
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2064:
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2061:
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2048:
2046:
2045:SOFAR channel
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2019:
2013:
2010:
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1853:Oceanic crust
1851:
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1828:Fracture zone
1826:
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1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1763:Oceanic basin
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1693:Abyssal plain
1691:
1689:
1686:
1685:
1683:
1681:
1677:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1600:Internal tide
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1582:
1580:
1578:
1574:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1546:
1543:
1542:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1495:Ocean current
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1377:
1375:
1373:
1369:
1364:
1353:
1341:
1338:
1337:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1310:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1293:Wave shoaling
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1253:Ursell number
1251:
1249:
1246:
1242:
1239:
1238:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1136:Internal wave
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1086:Breaking wave
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1044:
1039:
1037:
1032:
1030:
1025:
1024:
1021:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1003:Wind profiler
1001:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
988:Weather radar
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
969:
966:
964:
961:
959:
956:
954:
951:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
924:
921:
919:
916:
914:
911:
909:
906:
904:
901:
899:
896:
894:
893:Pyrheliometer
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
879:
876:
874:
871:
869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
824:
821:
819:
816:
814:
811:
809:
806:
804:
801:
799:
796:
794:
791:
789:
786:
785:
782:
778:
770:
765:
763:
758:
756:
751:
750:
747:
741:
738:
736:
733:
730:
726:
723:
720:
719:
715:
706:
700:
696:
695:
689:
688:
684:
669:on 2012-01-21
668:
664:
658:
655:
644:on 2012-09-03
643:
639:
633:
630:
619:on 2013-01-05
618:
614:
610:
606:
600:
597:
594:
590:
587:
582:
579:
567:
561:
558:
546:
542:
536:
533:
522:
518:
512:
509:
497:
493:
487:
484:
479:
473:
469:
468:
460:
457:
446:on 2018-07-24
445:
441:
437:
430:
427:
416:
410:
406:
405:
397:
394:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
351:
348:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
305:
302:
289:
285:
279:
276:
269:
265:
262:
260:
257:
255:
252:
250:
247:
246:
242:
241:Oceans portal
236:
231:
226:
224:
222:
214:Modern gauges
213:
211:
208:
206:
202:
198:
194:
185:
178:
173:
170:
167:
164:
161:
160:
159:
156:
154:
148:
146:
138:
136:
134:
129:
127:
123:
119:
114:
111:
109:
103:
101:
97:
89:
87:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
45:
40:
32:
19:
2232:Water column
2180:Oceanography
2155:Observations
2150:Explorations
2120:Marginal sea
2113:
2071:OSTM/Jason-2
1903:Volcanic arc
1878:Slab suction
1664:
1595:Head of tide
1485:Loop Current
1425:Ekman spiral
1211:Stokes drift
1121:Gravity wave
1096:Cnoidal wave
993:Weather vane
983:Weather buoy
967:
873:Nephelometer
775:Earth-based
693:
671:. Retrieved
667:the original
657:
646:. Retrieved
642:the original
632:
621:. Retrieved
617:the original
608:
599:
581:
570:. Retrieved
560:
549:. Retrieved
544:
535:
524:. Retrieved
520:
511:
500:. Retrieved
498:. 2022-10-07
495:
486:
466:
459:
448:. Retrieved
444:the original
429:
418:. Retrieved
403:
396:
384:. Retrieved
364:
360:
350:
338:. Retrieved
318:
314:
304:
291:. Retrieved
287:
278:
259:Stream gauge
249:Level sensor
217:
209:
190:
157:
153:depth gauges
149:
142:
130:
115:
112:
104:
93:
83:
80:water bodies
78:continental
71:
67:
63:
51:
49:
34:A tide gauge
2298:Tide gauges
2222:Thermocline
1939:Mesopelagic
1912:Ocean zones
1883:Slab window
1748:Hydrography
1688:Abyssal fan
1655:Tidal range
1645:Tidal power
1640:Tidal force
1525:Rip current
1460:Gulf Stream
1420:Ekman layer
1410:Downwelling
1385:Baroclinity
1372:Circulation
1268:Wave height
1258:Wave action
1241:megatsunami
1221:Stokes wave
1181:Rossby wave
1146:Kelvin wave
1126:Green's law
963:Thermometer
953:Tethersonde
933:Solarimeter
923:Snow pillow
888:Pyranometer
833:Disdrometer
710:(in German)
96:water level
18:Tide gauges
2160:Reanalysis
2059:Satellites
2040:Sofar bomb
1888:Subduction
1863:Ridge push
1758:Ocean bank
1738:Contourite
1665:Tide gauge
1650:Tidal race
1635:Tidal bore
1625:Slack tide
1590:Earth tide
1510:Ocean gyre
1330:Wind setup
1325:Wind fetch
1288:Wave setup
1283:Wave radar
1278:Wave power
1176:Rogue wave
1106:Dispersion
968:Tide gauge
913:Snow gauge
908:Rain gauge
903:Radiosonde
878:Nephoscope
853:Hygrometer
843:Field mill
818:Ceilometer
788:Anemometer
673:2012-09-28
648:2012-09-28
623:2014-04-19
572:2015-05-11
551:2016-03-07
526:2021-08-14
502:2022-10-07
450:2014-06-16
420:2021-12-08
270:References
84:limnimeter
76:freshwater
64:mareograph
52:tide gauge
2022:Acoustics
1974:Sea level
1873:Slab pull
1810:tectonics
1718:Cold seep
1680:Landforms
1557:Whirlpool
1552:Upwelling
1335:Wind wave
1263:Wave base
1191:Sea state
1111:Edge wave
1101:Cross sea
918:Snowboard
838:Dropsonde
803:Barometer
798:Barograph
793:Atmometer
381:0149-0419
335:0149-0419
126:sea level
108:Amsterdam
90:Operation
68:marigraph
56:sea level
44:Kronstadt
2292:Category
2255:Category
2207:Seawater
1934:Littoral
1929:Deep sea
1788:Seamount
1670:Tideline
1615:Rip tide
1545:shutdown
1515:Overflow
1248:Undertow
1091:Clapotis
1008:Windsock
725:Archived
589:Archived
293:26 April
227:See also
122:tsunamis
46:, Russia
2265:Commons
2135:Mooring
2085:Related
2076:Jason-3
2066:Jason-1
1949:Pelagic
1944:Oceanic
1919:Benthic
1236:Tsunami
1206:Soliton
828:Dewcell
568:. PSMSL
547:. PSMSL
404:Geodesy
386:27 July
340:27 July
221:Twitter
139:History
1954:Photic
1783:Seabed
1196:Seiche
701:
474:
440:UNESCO
411:
379:
333:
201:Lisbon
145:floats
70:, and
2145:Ocean
2114:Alvin
1964:Swash
1808:Plate
1753:Knoll
1743:Guyot
1698:Atoll
1577:Tides
1340:model
1226:Swell
1058:Waves
928:SODAR
863:Lidar
197:Tagus
118:tides
100:geoid
2112:DSV
2097:Argo
1959:Surf
1415:Eddy
699:ISBN
472:ISBN
409:ISBN
388:2024
377:ISSN
342:2024
331:ISSN
295:2019
205:NOAA
369:doi
323:doi
207:).
2294::
611:.
607:.
543:.
519:.
494:.
438:.
375:.
365:23
363:.
359:.
329:.
319:30
317:.
313:.
286:.
86:.
66:,
50:A
1042:e
1035:t
1028:v
768:e
761:t
754:v
707:.
676:.
651:.
626:.
575:.
554:.
529:.
505:.
480:.
453:.
423:.
390:.
371::
344:.
325::
297:.
20:)
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