42:
63:
523:
1492:
515:
2557:
569:, Chiloé Island, the extraction of the oyster was banned even at that time (as in 1869 and then in 1874) due to its overexploitation, on the other hand its sale brought thousands of barrels, boxes and sacks of oysters to the capital to supply its great demand. The oysters was even kept in ponds for growing by Frenchmen, first by
573:
in
Lechagua, Ancud, 1874 and later by the Solminihac family, formally with a concession in Quetalmahue, city of Ancud, in 1915. A couple of years later, in 1935, the Pullinque Oyster Station was built in Pullinque to try to cultivate the Chilean oyster, initiative that proved to be successful because
586:, since producers that were state-managed passed to be privately regulated, and also because many exotic species were tentative to introduce as culture options. Nowadays, its culture is successful in Chile with considerable tons exported, and consumed in some places and restaurants.
582:, but the intention was not recommended by the consulted experts, a decision that was respected by the national government. After the agrarian reform the commercial aquaculture started in the 80s, during the Civic-military dictatorship of Chile, according to
489:, Aysén region. Practically, nowadays it only exists in the wild in one natural bank, Pullinque, a sector located in the Quetalmahue Gulf of Ancud which was declared a genetic reserve in 1982, and as a marine reserve in 2003.
497:
This bivalve is found from low tide to depths of up to 35 m. In Chile it lives attached to hard rocky or muddy bottoms, from intertidal to about 8 meters deep, in enclosed bays or areas protected from strong waves.
542:, with the disease killing an estimated billion oysters between 2000 and 2003. The population has been recovering since 2003, with fishermen voluntarily limiting the catch to half the allowable to aid the revival.
936:
H.J. Cranfield, A. Dunn, I.J. Doonan and K.P. Michael 2005. Bonamia exitiosa epizootic in Ostrea chilensis from
Foveaux Strait, southern New Zealand between 1986 and 1992. ICES J. Mar. Sci. (2005) 62 (1): 3-13
41:
545:
In Chile, it has been harvested by the fishermen of Chiloé Island since ancient times, but the written and photographic information dates back to the mid-1800s. As Chile is the
609:
and
Quetalmahue Gulf; as the turbulence generated by the falling oysters resuspended the bottom sand, creating hypoxia conditions that did not allow the bivalves to breathe.
598:, due to farming and especially power generation, carrying less limestone deposits into the Strait, is therefore believed to have caused an increase in susceptibility to
574:
it could provide with seeds for growth to other aquaculture centers that emerged during the agrarian reform period. The economy of
Chilean oysters was severely hurt when
464:
was deliberately introduced from the
Fisheries Laboratory, Conwy, during the 1960s as an experiment to establish if they could form an alternative to the native oysters
3116:
2997:
3142:
2481:
470:
in fisheries, when the species was shown to be unsuitable because of low recruitment and vulnerability to parasites and pathogens the experiment was abandoned.
888:
1529:
1426:
3090:
2971:
702:
3263:
506:
Its length is up to 105 mm, width up to 70 mm, and inflation up to 33 mm. In Chile its maximum controlled length is 87 mm.
3178:
987:"National Aquaculture Sector Overview. Visión General del Sector Acuícola Nacional - Chile. National Aquaculture Sector Overview Fact Sheets"
3293:
994:
605:
Flawed discards practices in Chile during the 1890s of the small oysters ended up killing some oyster banks in Ancud. Particularly in
2911:
2474:
1092:
583:
3273:
3230:
3023:
1009:
538:(hence the local name). From the early 1980s, the fishery went into serious decline, due to the outbreak of an oyster parasite,
602:, as well as lower growth rates for some seasons in the past, but little evidence supports this and it seems only coincidental.
794:
1053:
3129:
1522:
253:
242:
3283:
3278:
2467:
290:
3064:
3268:
2325:
3147:
2860:
2114:
2089:
2657:
2450:
2146:
1902:
1515:
575:
62:
561:, was complex; however, it got solved when the oysters were placed in barrels that were grated and jointed by
911:
578:
because the
Pullinque Oyster Station was destroyed by it. Hence, the Corfo institution tried to bring-in the
3288:
2811:
2699:
2407:
2310:
1985:
1896:
1708:
1650:
1561:
1283:
668:
173:
2926:
2756:
2400:
2046:
2013:
1613:
595:
275:
216:
204:
3069:
3204:
2692:
2360:
2336:
2320:
1891:
1879:
1766:
1085:
486:
157:
833:
Philippi 1845) in the Menai Strait (North Wales, UK) : present observations and future predictions
3235:
3157:
3028:
2762:
2650:
2041:
1944:
1869:
1741:
1703:
1640:
1576:
1392:
1367:
1167:
446:
642:
2730:
2355:
2141:
1455:
1419:
1377:
1372:
1337:
1247:
954:"El Mar y el Paladar: El Consumo de Pescados y Mariscos en Chile Desde la Independencia Hasta 1930"
846:
Solís, I.F. (1967). "Observaciones biológicas en ostras (Ostrea chilensis
Philippi) de Pullinque".
231:
3222:
2737:
2706:
2679:
2061:
1964:
1954:
1939:
1934:
1843:
1835:
1830:
1698:
1618:
1608:
1566:
1433:
535:
264:
182:
57:
743:
565:, a kind of bamboo, and then filled with seawater. The trip lasted half a month. In the city of
3209:
3121:
3002:
725:
697:
669:"§2 Interpretation -- Fisheries Act 1996 No 88 as at 3 January 2013 -- New Zealand Legislation"
3191:
3077:
3010:
2958:
2744:
2713:
2545:
2538:
2513:
2393:
2370:
2287:
2173:
2130:
2124:
2095:
2084:
1820:
1815:
1751:
1746:
1603:
1402:
1362:
1127:
1122:
613:
550:
3196:
3015:
2719:
2643:
2593:
2531:
2524:
2282:
2234:
2184:
2178:
2119:
2056:
1949:
1885:
1685:
1592:
1495:
1347:
1172:
1147:
1078:
965:
482:
475:
431:
411:
889:"Moluscos marinos en Chile. Especies de importancia económica: Guía para su identificación"
522:
3258:
3165:
2794:
2684:
2066:
2051:
2036:
2031:
1635:
1624:
1462:
1382:
1357:
1278:
1258:
986:
606:
530:
In New
Zealand, they are a prized delicacy, and harvested from March to August from the
2875:
2870:
2636:
2579:
2424:
2365:
2315:
2305:
2209:
1980:
1959:
1874:
1810:
1790:
1472:
1300:
1273:
1263:
1157:
1137:
579:
562:
531:
421:
3252:
2880:
2855:
2630:
2572:
2429:
2330:
2223:
2216:
2136:
2008:
2003:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1761:
1713:
1693:
1305:
1242:
1152:
1142:
554:
466:
970:
953:
514:
3082:
2963:
2890:
2865:
2788:
2600:
2586:
2076:
1598:
1467:
1387:
1342:
461:
17:
3055:
786:
3217:
3134:
3103:
2984:
2821:
2242:
1969:
1849:
1825:
1756:
1736:
1718:
1655:
1630:
1397:
1310:
1162:
867:"Decreto 133 DECLARA RESERVA MARINA PARA LA OSTRA CHILENA EN PULLINQUE X REGION"
454:
2949:
2895:
2839:
2500:
2434:
2274:
2200:
1917:
1586:
1450:
1352:
1188:
698:"Mātaitai – shellfish gathering - Mussels, oysters, toheroa and other species"
279:
1054:
The
National Centre for Fisheries & Aquaculture's page on Bluff oysters (
2247:
2190:
2165:
1771:
1660:
1581:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
434:
414:
124:
74:
809:
3170:
2556:
1025:
744:"WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Ostrea chilensis Küster, 1844"
549:, the transportation of the harvested oysters by wooden-made ships, or by
3049:
2943:
2900:
2606:
2491:
2439:
1544:
1193:
558:
114:
104:
94:
474:
has now spread to other areas of the Menai Strait and is regarded as an
3095:
2976:
2829:
2724:
2625:
2617:
2508:
2297:
2265:
1974:
1926:
1861:
1674:
1571:
427:
424:
407:
3108:
2989:
2459:
2783:
2778:
2750:
2384:
2023:
1782:
1728:
1645:
1253:
1101:
134:
84:
2920:
1062:
2885:
2834:
2518:
2347:
2156:
2106:
1995:
1666:
1507:
1268:
566:
521:
513:
450:
399:
570:
3183:
2674:
1553:
787:"Historia de la Ostra chilena (Ostrea chilensis Philippi, 1845)"
576:
the most powerful earthquake recorded happened in
Valdivia, 1960
2924:
2463:
1511:
1074:
546:
1014:(in Spanish). Establecimiento Poligráfico Roma. p. 169.
1070:
829:
The invasion potential of the non-native Chilean oyster (
866:
551:
early trains in the early 1900s from the south (42°S)
985:
FAO, Food and Agriculture Organization (2005–2021).
3039:
2933:
2848:
2820:
2804:
2771:
2667:
2615:
2564:
2498:
2417:
2383:
2346:
2296:
2273:
2264:
2233:
2199:
2164:
2155:
2105:
2075:
2022:
1994:
1925:
1916:
1860:
1781:
1727:
1684:
1552:
1543:
1443:
1411:
1330:
1323:
1293:
1235:
1228:
1181:
1115:
1108:
906:
904:
902:
814:
Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International
1011:Estudios geográficos e hidrográficos sobre Chiloé
2475:
1523:
1086:
534:oyster fishery, which centres on the town of
8:
681:"dredge oyster" means the mollusc known as
617:
2921:
2482:
2468:
2460:
2270:
2161:
1922:
1549:
1530:
1516:
1508:
1327:
1232:
1112:
1093:
1079:
1071:
460:Also, a self-sustaining population in the
40:
31:
1427:The Big Oyster: History on the Half Shell
969:
912:"High demand for recession-proof oysters"
865:Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional (2004).
703:Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand
637:
635:
631:
947:
945:
943:
882:
880:
835:(Ph.D.). Prifysgol Bangor University.
7:
3158:18093d97-c087-470b-902d-cac4eff5691b
1026:"Tio Para — Te Aka Māori Dictionary"
780:
778:
776:
774:
772:
770:
768:
766:
764:
730:Subsecretaría de Pesca y Acuicultura
997:from the original on 4 August 2008.
952:Couyoumdjian, Juan Ricardo (2009).
810:"Ostrea chilensis (Chilean oyster)"
797:from the original on 30 April 2021.
649:. World Registry of Marine Species
481:In Chile, its range limit is from
25:
2912:List of fishing topics by subject
937:doi:10.1016/j.icesjms.2004.06.021
785:Villarroel-Pérez, Martín (2021).
420:This species of flat oyster is a
2555:
1491:
1490:
61:
49:Museum specimen of the shell of
971:10.4067/S0717-71942009000100002
2565:Land and freshwater gastropods
791:Sociedad Malacológica de Chile
696:Whaanga, Mere (12 June 2006).
671:. Parliamentary Counsel Office
1:
3264:Molluscs of the Pacific Ocean
526:Bluff oysters at a restaurant
547:longest country in the world
557:, and then to the capital,
518:Bluff oysters served on ice
3310:
3294:Bivalves described in 1844
827:Eilir Hedd Morgan (2012).
594:Changes in river flows in
410:of bivalve mollusc in the
2909:
2553:
2448:
2032:Black-foot opihi/Hawaiian
1485:
188:
181:
163:
156:
58:Scientific classification
56:
48:
39:
34:
2658:Placopecten magellanicus
1903:Placopecten magellanicus
1747:New Zealand green-lipped
3274:Bivalves of New Zealand
2812:Freshwater pearl mussel
2700:Austrovenus stutchburyi
2408:Acanthopleura granulata
1977:(group of four species)
1284:Chesapeake Bay deadrise
2757:Ruditapes largillierti
2401:Acanthopleura echinata
2311:Atlantic white-spotted
1762:Asian/Philippine green
618:
527:
519:
485:, Los Lagos region to
212:Crassostrea nelsoniana
3205:Paleobiology Database
2693:Mercenaria mercenaria
2616:Free-swimming marine
2337:Amphioctopus fangsiao
1981:South African abalone
1853:("true oyster" genus)
1619:California butterclam
1008:Maldonado, R (1897).
525:
517:
510:Commercial importance
200:Crassostrea discoidea
192:Crassostrea chilensis
2763:Grooved carpet shell
2651:Argopecten irradians
2062:Ribbed Mediterranean
1577:Grooved carpet shell
1393:Steak and oyster pie
1368:Oysters en brochette
398:), is also known in
3284:New Zealand seafood
3279:Commercial molluscs
2805:Freshwater bivalves
2731:Spisula solidissima
2057:Rayed Mediterranean
1651:Japanese littleneck
1456:List of oyster bars
1420:Consider the Oyster
1378:Oysters Rockefeller
1373:Oysters Kirkpatrick
1338:Angels on horseback
1248:Oystering machinery
958:Historia (Santiago)
871:www.bcn.cl/leychile
2935:Tiostrea chilensis
2738:Paphies ventricosa
2707:Saxidomus nuttalli
2680:Atlantic surf clam
2430:Land snail farming
1844:Gillardeau oysters
1562:Atlantic jackknife
1434:The Oyster Dredger
1065:Tiostrea chilensis
1056:Tiostrea chilensis
916:New Zealand Herald
683:Tiostrea chilensis
528:
520:
362:Tiostrea chilensis
330:Ostrea longiuscula
239:Ostraea chiloensis
27:Species of bivalve
18:Tiostrea chilensis
3269:Molluscs of Chile
3246:
3245:
3192:Open Tree of Life
3011:Open Tree of Life
2927:Taxon identifiers
2918:
2917:
2861:Gathering by hand
2745:Paphies australis
2714:Arctica islandica
2668:Infaunal bivalves
2546:Kelletia lischkei
2539:Kelletia kelletii
2457:
2456:
2435:Gastropod anatomy
2394:Chiton magnificus
2379:
2378:
2356:New Zealand arrow
2260:
2259:
2256:
2255:
2131:Kelletia lischkei
2096:Littorina sitkana
2042:Yellow-foot opihi
1912:
1911:
1806:Colchester native
1505:
1504:
1481:
1480:
1363:Oysters Bienville
1319:
1318:
1224:
1223:
848:Biología Pesquera
748:marinespecies.org
607:Corona lighthouse
487:Guaitecas Islands
380:
379:
374:
366:
358:
357:Hupé in Gay, 1854
350:
346:Ostrea nelsoniana
342:
334:
333:Hupé in Gay, 1854
326:
318:
310:
306:Ostrea fococarens
302:
294:
283:
268:
261:Ostrea charlottae
257:
250:Ostrea callichroa
246:
235:
220:
208:
196:
149:O. chilensis
16:(Redirected from
3301:
3239:
3238:
3226:
3225:
3213:
3212:
3200:
3199:
3187:
3186:
3174:
3173:
3161:
3160:
3151:
3150:
3138:
3137:
3135:NHMSYS0021055119
3125:
3124:
3112:
3111:
3099:
3098:
3086:
3085:
3073:
3072:
3060:
3059:
3058:
3041:Ostrea chilensis
3032:
3031:
3019:
3018:
3006:
3005:
2993:
2992:
2980:
2979:
2967:
2966:
2954:
2953:
2952:
2922:
2772:Sessile bivalves
2644:Pecten jacobaeus
2594:Cepaea nemoralis
2559:
2532:Bullacta exarata
2525:Buccinum undatum
2484:
2477:
2470:
2461:
2271:
2185:Chorus giganteus
2162:
1923:
1886:Pecten jacobaeus
1593:Mactra stultorum
1550:
1532:
1525:
1518:
1509:
1494:
1493:
1328:
1233:
1113:
1095:
1088:
1081:
1072:
1041:
1040:
1038:
1036:
1022:
1016:
1015:
1005:
999:
998:
982:
976:
975:
973:
949:
938:
934:
928:
927:
925:
923:
908:
897:
896:
893:libros.uchile.cl
884:
875:
874:
862:
856:
855:
843:
837:
836:
831:Ostrea chilensis
824:
818:
817:
805:
799:
798:
782:
759:
758:
756:
754:
740:
734:
733:
721:
715:
714:
712:
710:
693:
687:
686:
678:
676:
665:
659:
658:
656:
654:
645:Ostrea chilensis
639:
621:
540:Bonamia exitiosa
476:invasive species
445:This species is
396:Ostrea chilensis
372:
370:Tiostrea lutaria
364:
356:
354:Ostrea vinolenta
348:
340:
332:
324:
316:
308:
300:
298:Ostrea discoidea
289:
287:Ostrea corrugata
274:
263:
252:
243:G. B. Sowerby II
241:
230:
214:
202:
194:
169:
167:Ostrea chilensis
66:
65:
51:Ostrea chilensis
44:
32:
21:
3309:
3308:
3304:
3303:
3302:
3300:
3299:
3298:
3249:
3248:
3247:
3242:
3234:
3229:
3221:
3216:
3208:
3203:
3195:
3190:
3182:
3177:
3169:
3166:Observation.org
3164:
3156:
3154:
3146:
3141:
3133:
3128:
3120:
3115:
3107:
3102:
3094:
3089:
3081:
3076:
3068:
3063:
3054:
3053:
3048:
3035:
3027:
3022:
3014:
3009:
3001:
2996:
2988:
2983:
2975:
2970:
2962:
2957:
2948:
2947:
2942:
2929:
2919:
2914:
2905:
2844:
2816:
2800:
2795:Pinctada maxima
2767:
2685:Soft-shell clam
2663:
2611:
2560:
2551:
2494:
2488:
2458:
2453:
2444:
2440:Bivalve anatomy
2413:
2375:
2361:Japanese flying
2342:
2292:
2252:
2229:
2195:
2151:
2101:
2071:
2052:Common European
2018:
1990:
1908:
1892:Peruvian calico
1856:
1777:
1774:(mussel family)
1723:
1680:
1625:Senilia senilis
1539:
1538:Edible mollusks
1536:
1506:
1501:
1500:
1477:
1463:Oyster festival
1439:
1407:
1315:
1289:
1220:
1177:
1104:
1099:
1050:
1045:
1044:
1034:
1032:
1024:
1023:
1019:
1007:
1006:
1002:
984:
983:
979:
951:
950:
941:
935:
931:
921:
919:
910:
909:
900:
887:Osorio (2002).
886:
885:
878:
864:
863:
859:
845:
844:
840:
826:
825:
821:
807:
806:
802:
784:
783:
762:
752:
750:
742:
741:
737:
726:"Ostra chilena"
723:
722:
718:
708:
706:
695:
694:
690:
674:
672:
667:
666:
662:
652:
650:
647:Philippi, 1844"
641:
640:
633:
628:
592:
553:to the port of
512:
504:
495:
443:
314:Ostrea hefferdi
272:Ostrea cibialis
177:
171:
165:
152:
60:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3307:
3305:
3297:
3296:
3291:
3289:Foveaux Strait
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3251:
3250:
3244:
3243:
3241:
3240:
3227:
3214:
3201:
3188:
3175:
3162:
3152:
3139:
3126:
3113:
3100:
3087:
3074:
3061:
3045:
3043:
3037:
3036:
3034:
3033:
3020:
3007:
2994:
2981:
2968:
2955:
2939:
2937:
2931:
2930:
2925:
2916:
2915:
2910:
2907:
2906:
2904:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2876:Oyster farming
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2852:
2850:
2846:
2845:
2843:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2826:
2824:
2818:
2817:
2815:
2814:
2808:
2806:
2802:
2801:
2799:
2798:
2791:
2786:
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2775:
2773:
2769:
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2766:
2765:
2760:
2753:
2748:
2741:
2734:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2710:
2703:
2696:
2689:
2688:
2687:
2682:
2671:
2669:
2665:
2664:
2662:
2661:
2654:
2647:
2640:
2637:Pecten maximus
2633:
2628:
2622:
2620:
2613:
2612:
2610:
2609:
2604:
2597:
2590:
2583:
2580:Cornu aspersum
2576:
2568:
2566:
2562:
2561:
2554:
2552:
2550:
2549:
2542:
2535:
2528:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2505:
2503:
2496:
2495:
2489:
2487:
2486:
2479:
2472:
2464:
2455:
2454:
2449:
2446:
2445:
2443:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2425:Oyster farming
2421:
2419:
2418:Related topics
2415:
2414:
2412:
2411:
2404:
2397:
2389:
2387:
2381:
2380:
2377:
2376:
2374:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
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2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
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2279:
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2251:
2250:
2245:
2239:
2237:
2231:
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2220:
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2210:Cornu aspersum
2205:
2203:
2197:
2196:
2194:
2193:
2188:
2181:
2176:
2170:
2168:
2159:
2153:
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2150:
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2144:
2139:
2134:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2111:
2109:
2103:
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2100:
2099:
2092:
2087:
2081:
2079:
2073:
2072:
2070:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2028:
2026:
2020:
2019:
2017:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2000:
1998:
1992:
1991:
1989:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1931:
1929:
1920:
1914:
1913:
1910:
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1899:
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1889:
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1798:
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1778:
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1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1733:
1731:
1725:
1724:
1722:
1721:
1719:Giant Atlantic
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1690:
1688:
1682:
1681:
1679:
1678:
1671:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1641:Triangle shell
1638:
1633:
1628:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1589:
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1579:
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1499:
1498:
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1479:
1478:
1476:
1475:
1473:Oyster cracker
1470:
1465:
1460:
1459:
1458:
1447:
1445:
1441:
1440:
1438:
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1430:
1423:
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1313:
1308:
1303:
1301:Oyster farming
1297:
1295:
1291:
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1288:
1287:
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1276:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1256:
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1191:
1185:
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1178:
1176:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1119:
1117:
1110:
1106:
1105:
1100:
1098:
1097:
1090:
1083:
1075:
1069:
1068:
1060:
1049:
1048:External links
1046:
1043:
1042:
1017:
1000:
977:
939:
929:
918:. 2 March 2009
898:
876:
857:
838:
819:
800:
760:
735:
716:
688:
660:
630:
629:
627:
624:
591:
588:
580:Pacific oyster
532:Foveaux Strait
511:
508:
503:
500:
494:
491:
442:
439:
392:Chilean oyster
378:
377:
376:
375:
373:(Hutton, 1873)
367:
365:(Küster, 1844)
359:
351:
343:
338:Ostrea lutaria
335:
327:
322:Ostrea huttoni
319:
311:
303:
295:
284:
269:
258:
247:
236:
224:Ostraea angasi
221:
209:
197:
195:(Küster, 1844)
186:
185:
179:
178:
172:
161:
160:
154:
153:
146:
144:
140:
139:
132:
128:
127:
122:
118:
117:
112:
108:
107:
102:
98:
97:
92:
88:
87:
82:
78:
77:
72:
68:
67:
54:
53:
46:
45:
37:
36:
35:Dredge oyster
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3306:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3256:
3254:
3237:
3232:
3228:
3224:
3219:
3215:
3211:
3206:
3202:
3198:
3193:
3189:
3185:
3180:
3176:
3172:
3167:
3163:
3159:
3153:
3149:
3144:
3140:
3136:
3131:
3127:
3123:
3118:
3114:
3110:
3105:
3101:
3097:
3092:
3088:
3084:
3079:
3075:
3071:
3066:
3062:
3057:
3051:
3047:
3046:
3044:
3042:
3038:
3030:
3025:
3021:
3017:
3012:
3008:
3004:
2999:
2995:
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2978:
2973:
2969:
2965:
2960:
2956:
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2940:
2938:
2936:
2932:
2928:
2923:
2913:
2908:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2886:Pearl farming
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2856:Heliciculture
2854:
2853:
2851:
2847:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2827:
2825:
2823:
2819:
2813:
2810:
2809:
2807:
2803:
2797:
2796:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2776:
2774:
2770:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2758:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2746:
2742:
2740:
2739:
2735:
2733:
2732:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2715:
2711:
2709:
2708:
2704:
2702:
2701:
2697:
2695:
2694:
2690:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2677:
2676:
2673:
2672:
2670:
2666:
2660:
2659:
2655:
2653:
2652:
2648:
2646:
2645:
2641:
2639:
2638:
2634:
2632:
2631:Queen scallop
2629:
2627:
2624:
2623:
2621:
2619:
2614:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2602:
2598:
2596:
2595:
2591:
2589:
2588:
2584:
2582:
2581:
2577:
2575:
2574:
2573:Helix pomatia
2570:
2569:
2567:
2563:
2558:
2548:
2547:
2543:
2541:
2540:
2536:
2534:
2533:
2529:
2527:
2526:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2506:
2504:
2502:
2497:
2493:
2485:
2480:
2478:
2473:
2471:
2466:
2465:
2462:
2452:
2447:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2422:
2420:
2416:
2410:
2409:
2405:
2403:
2402:
2398:
2396:
2395:
2391:
2390:
2388:
2386:
2382:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2353:
2351:
2349:
2345:
2339:
2338:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2321:Pacific giant
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2303:
2301:
2299:
2295:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2280:
2278:
2276:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2263:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2240:
2238:
2236:
2232:
2226:
2225:
2224:Helix pomatia
2221:
2219:
2218:
2217:Helix lucorum
2214:
2212:
2211:
2207:
2206:
2204:
2202:
2198:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2186:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2171:
2169:
2167:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2154:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2132:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2112:
2110:
2108:
2104:
2098:
2097:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2082:
2080:
2078:
2074:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2029:
2027:
2025:
2021:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1993:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
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1900:
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1890:
1888:
1887:
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1878:
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1873:
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1868:
1867:
1865:
1863:
1859:
1852:
1851:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1838:
1837:Ostra chilena
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
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1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1742:Mediterranean
1740:
1738:
1735:
1734:
1732:
1730:
1726:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1691:
1689:
1687:
1683:
1677:
1676:
1672:
1670:(razor genus)
1669:
1668:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1626:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1609:Pacific razor
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1594:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1567:Atlantic surf
1565:
1563:
1560:
1559:
1557:
1555:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1542:
1533:
1528:
1526:
1521:
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1514:
1513:
1510:
1497:
1489:
1488:
1484:
1474:
1471:
1469:
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1464:
1461:
1457:
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1449:
1448:
1446:
1442:
1436:
1435:
1431:
1429:
1428:
1424:
1422:
1421:
1417:
1416:
1414:
1410:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1335:
1333:
1329:
1326:
1322:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1306:Oyster pirate
1304:
1302:
1299:
1298:
1296:
1292:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1240:
1238:
1234:
1231:
1227:
1215:
1212:
1211:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1186:
1184:
1180:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1143:European flat
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1120:
1118:
1114:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1096:
1091:
1089:
1084:
1082:
1077:
1076:
1073:
1067:
1066:
1061:
1059:
1057:
1052:
1051:
1047:
1031:
1027:
1021:
1018:
1013:
1012:
1004:
1001:
996:
992:
988:
981:
978:
972:
967:
963:
959:
955:
948:
946:
944:
940:
933:
930:
917:
913:
907:
905:
903:
899:
894:
890:
883:
881:
877:
873:(in Spanish).
872:
868:
861:
858:
853:
849:
842:
839:
834:
830:
823:
820:
815:
811:
808:CABI (2019).
804:
801:
796:
792:
788:
781:
779:
777:
775:
773:
771:
769:
767:
765:
761:
749:
745:
739:
736:
731:
727:
720:
717:
705:
704:
699:
692:
689:
685:
684:
670:
664:
661:
648:
646:
638:
636:
632:
625:
623:
620:
615:
610:
608:
603:
601:
597:
589:
587:
585:
581:
577:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
543:
541:
537:
533:
524:
516:
509:
507:
501:
499:
492:
490:
488:
484:
483:Chiloé Island
479:
477:
473:
469:
468:
467:Ostrea edulis
463:
458:
456:
452:
448:
440:
438:
436:
433:
429:
426:
423:
418:
416:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
384:dredge oyster
371:
368:
363:
360:
355:
352:
347:
344:
339:
336:
331:
328:
323:
320:
315:
312:
307:
304:
299:
296:
292:
288:
285:
281:
277:
273:
270:
266:
262:
259:
255:
251:
248:
244:
240:
237:
233:
229:
225:
222:
218:
213:
210:
206:
201:
198:
193:
190:
189:
187:
184:
180:
175:
170:
168:
162:
159:
158:Binomial name
155:
151:
150:
145:
142:
141:
138:
137:
133:
130:
129:
126:
123:
120:
119:
116:
113:
110:
109:
106:
103:
100:
99:
96:
93:
90:
89:
86:
83:
80:
79:
76:
73:
70:
69:
64:
59:
55:
52:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
3040:
2934:
2891:Pearl diving
2881:Oyster boats
2866:Clam digging
2793:
2789:Pearl oyster
2755:
2743:
2736:
2729:
2712:
2705:
2698:
2691:
2656:
2649:
2642:
2635:
2601:Otala lactea
2599:
2592:
2587:Helix aperta
2585:
2578:
2571:
2544:
2537:
2530:
2523:
2406:
2399:
2392:
2335:
2326:Southern red
2222:
2215:
2208:
2183:
2157:Other snails
2129:
2094:
1901:
1884:
1870:Atlantic bay
1848:
1836:
1801:Southern mud
1673:
1665:
1623:
1604:Ocean quahog
1591:
1468:Oyster Feast
1432:
1425:
1418:
1343:Hangtown fry
1243:Oyster knife
1132:
1064:
1055:
1033:. Retrieved
1029:
1020:
1010:
1003:
990:
980:
961:
957:
932:
920:. Retrieved
915:
892:
870:
860:
851:
847:
841:
832:
828:
822:
813:
803:
790:
751:. Retrieved
747:
738:
729:
719:
707:. Retrieved
701:
691:
682:
680:
673:. Retrieved
663:
651:. Retrieved
644:
611:
604:
599:
593:
544:
539:
529:
505:
496:
480:
472:O. chilensis
471:
465:
462:Menai Strait
459:
444:
441:Distribution
419:
403:
395:
391:
388:Bluff oyster
387:
383:
381:
369:
361:
353:
349:Zittel, 1865
345:
341:Hutton, 1873
337:
329:
321:
317:Finlay, 1928
313:
309:Finlay, 1928
305:
297:
286:
271:
260:
249:
238:
227:
223:
211:
199:
191:
166:
164:
148:
147:
135:
50:
29:
3218:SeaLifeBase
3104:iNaturalist
2985:iNaturalist
2822:Cephalopods
2490:Commercial
2371:Neon flying
2077:Periwinkles
2037:Turtle/talc
1970:Green ormer
1880:New Zealand
1850:Crassostrea
1831:Sydney rock
1709:New Zealand
1631:Smooth clam
1599:Blunt gaper
1311:Oyster Wars
1168:Sydney rock
571:Mr. Choloux
502:Description
455:New Zealand
404:ostra verde
301:Gould, 1850
3253:Categories
2896:Ama divers
2849:Techniques
2840:Cuttlefish
2514:Periwinkle
2501:gastropods
2288:Bottletail
2275:Cuttlefish
2235:Freshwater
2179:Korean mud
2142:Pear whelk
1918:Gastropods
1875:Great/king
1821:Windowpane
1816:Portuguese
1752:California
1656:Razor clam
1636:Soft-shell
1451:Oyster bar
1403:Vermicelli
1353:Kaki furai
1194:Dimydarian
1189:Windowpane
1123:Portuguese
964:: 57–107.
753:21 October
724:SUBPESCA.
709:4 February
626:References
555:Valparaíso
325:Lamy, 1929
3056:Q14651290
2283:Spineless
2147:Lightning
2115:Channeled
1772:Mytilidae
1661:Pod razor
1582:Hard clam
1348:Ice cream
1236:Equipment
1214:Tikod amo
1128:Cockscomb
1035:11 August
653:1 January
596:Southland
435:Ostreidae
415:Ostreidae
143:Species:
125:Ostreidae
81:Kingdom:
75:Eukaryota
3122:10553806
3050:Wikidata
3003:11134470
2950:Q7808747
2944:Wikidata
2901:Trawling
2871:Dredging
2618:bivalves
2607:Escargot
2492:mollusks
2451:Category
2366:Humboldt
2316:Big blue
2174:Mud-flat
2125:Kellet's
1965:Greenlip
1960:Blacklip
1862:Scallops
1545:Bivalves
1496:Category
1358:Omelette
1294:Commerce
1279:Skipjack
1259:Buy-boat
1229:Industry
995:Archived
854:: 51–82.
795:Archived
619:tio para
616:name is
559:Santiago
228:digitata
183:Synonyms
121:Family:
115:Ostreida
105:Bivalvia
95:Mollusca
91:Phylum:
85:Animalia
71:Domain:
3197:1088122
3096:4373340
3016:1088122
2977:4595414
2830:Octopus
2725:Geoduck
2626:Scallop
2509:Abalone
2499:Marine
2385:Chitons
2298:Octopus
2266:Inkfish
2248:Nerites
2137:Knobbed
2024:Limpets
2009:Elegant
1996:Conches
1986:Chilean
1927:Abalone
1811:Pacific
1796:Olympia
1791:Eastern
1783:Oysters
1729:Mussels
1686:Cockles
1675:Paphies
1572:Geoduck
1383:Pickled
1331:Cuisine
1324:Culture
1274:Sharpie
1252:Boats (
1204:Feather
1158:Pacific
1153:Olympia
1138:Eastern
1102:Oysters
922:2 March
675:9 March
600:Bonamia
493:Habitat
430:of the
428:mollusc
425:bivalve
408:species
406:, is a
219:, 1865)
207:, 1850)
131:Genus:
111:Order:
101:Class:
3259:Ostrea
3236:397160
3184:397160
3171:837277
3155:NZOR:
3109:394133
3070:208529
3029:761475
2990:411233
2784:Mussel
2779:Oyster
2751:Tuatua
2720:Cockle
2306:Common
2191:Bailer
2120:Common
2107:Whelks
2090:Banded
2085:Common
2067:Rustic
1839:/Bluff
1714:Sydney
1704:Goolwa
1694:Common
1646:Tuatua
1264:Dredge
1254:Bugeye
1199:Saddle
1173:Sponge
1133:Dredge
1063:JNCC:
1030:Te Aka
447:native
432:family
422:marine
412:family
293:, 1873
291:Hutton
282:, 1854
267:, 1928
265:Finlay
256:, 1846
254:Hanley
245:, 1871
234:, 1929
217:Zittel
176:, 1844
174:Küster
136:Ostrea
3231:WoRMS
3223:83793
3210:90027
3148:74433
3117:IRMNG
3083:75D5D
3024:WoRMS
2998:IRMNG
2964:7CCWW
2835:Squid
2519:Whelk
2348:Squid
2331:Mimic
2243:Apple
2047:China
2004:Queen
1950:Green
1945:Black
1935:White
1897:Yesso
1757:Brown
1699:Blood
1667:Ensis
1614:Venus
1587:Horse
1554:Clams
1444:Other
1412:Media
1388:Sauce
1269:Pungy
1209:Spiny
1182:Other
1148:Frond
1109:Types
614:Māori
590:Other
567:Ancud
563:quila
536:Bluff
451:Chile
400:Chile
226:var.
205:Gould
3179:OBIS
3143:NCBI
3091:GBIF
3065:BOLD
2972:GBIF
2675:Clam
2201:Land
1975:Pāua
1955:Pink
1826:Rock
1767:Date
1737:Blue
1398:Stew
1163:Rock
1116:True
1037:2024
924:2009
755:2021
711:2023
677:2013
655:2017
612:Its
453:and
382:The
276:Hupé
232:Lamy
3130:NBN
3078:CoL
2959:CoL
2166:Sea
2014:Dog
1940:Red
991:fao
966:doi
584:FAO
449:to
402:as
390:or
280:Gay
278:in
3255::
3233::
3220::
3207::
3194::
3181::
3168::
3145::
3132::
3119::
3106::
3093::
3080::
3067::
3052::
3026::
3013::
3000::
2987::
2974::
2961::
2946::
1028:.
993:.
989:.
962:42
960:.
956:.
942:^
914:.
901:^
891:.
879:^
869:.
850:.
812:.
793:.
789:.
763:^
746:.
728:.
700:.
679:.
634:^
622:.
478:.
457:.
437:.
417:.
386:,
2483:e
2476:t
2469:v
1531:e
1524:t
1517:v
1286:)
1094:e
1087:t
1080:v
1058:)
1039:.
974:.
968::
926:.
895:.
852:2
816:.
757:.
732:.
713:.
657:.
643:"
394:(
215:(
203:(
20:)
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