1046:
656:
633:
42:
51:
4397:
1037:
843:. Specifically it is used during periods of breathing difficulty to prevent them from getting worse, rather than to prevent them from happening. It is used by inhalation through the mouth. Onset typically begins within half an hour and lasts for 24 hours.
1837:
967:
may be linked to increased risk of heart attacks, stroke and cardiovascular death. The US FDA reviewed the concern and concluded in 2010 that this association was not supported. A 2011 review of the tiotropium mist inhaler
2883:
1801:
Singh S, Loke YK, Furberg CD (September 2008). "Inhaled anticholinergics and risk of major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis".
2111:
1132:
224:
898:
4374:
2876:
1026:). The safety and efficacy profiles of both devices are comparable and people's preference should play a role in determining inhaler choice. There is no significant difference in all-cause
1849:
731:
4462:
1553:
2003:"A systematic review of comparative studies of tiotropium Respimat® and tiotropium HandiHaler® in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: does inhaler choice matter?"
2869:
786:
InChI=1S/C19H22NO4S2.BrH/c1-20(2)12-9-11(10-13(20)17-16(12)24-17)23-18(21)19(22,14-5-3-7-25-14)15-6-4-8-26-15;/h3-8,11-13,16-17,22H,9-10H2,1-2H3;1H/q+1;/p-1/t11?,12-,13+,16-,17+;
179:
4369:
1873:"Mortality associated with tiotropium mist inhaler in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials"
897:(COPD). It may also be used as an add-on therapy in people with moderate-to-severe asthma on medium to high dose inhaled corticosteroids (ICS). It is not however approved for
2748:
2104:
1152:
738:
1713:
1302:
1272:
797:
InChI=1S/C19H22NO4S2/c1-20(2)12-9-11(10-13(20)17-16(12)24-17)23-18(21)19(22,14-5-3-7-25-14)15-6-4-8-26-15/h3-8,11-13,16-17,22H,9-10H2,1-2H3/q+1/t11?,12-,13+,16-,17-/m0/s1
1560:
4417:
1133:
https://www.ebs.tga.gov.au/servlet/xmlmillr6?dbid=ebs/PublicHTML/pdfStore.nsf&docid=E07D6674E971FA91CA258752004228AF&agid=(PrintDetailsPublic)&actionid=1
3636:
2733:
1620:
2097:
1752:
1508:
Tashkin DP, Celli B, Senn S, Burkhart D, Kesten S, Menjoge S, Decramer M (October 2008). "A 4-year trial of tiotropium in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease".
2773:
73:
2743:
752:
846:
Common side effects include a dry mouth, runny nose, upper respiratory tract infection, shortness of breath and headache. Severe side effects may include
3945:
1030:
between tiotropium soft mist inhalers compared to dry powder inhalers, however caution needs to be taken in people with severe heart or kidney problems.
1959:"Tiotropium, a novel muscarinic M3 receptor antagonist, improved symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease complicated by chronic heart failure"
4005:
4447:
963:
Data regarding some serious side effects is mixed as of 2020. In
September 2008 a review found that tiotropium and another member of its class
2827:
2612:
2277:
2231:
2129:
894:
878:
836:
996:
1838:"Follow-Up to the October 2008 Updated Early Communication about an Ongoing Safety Review of Tiotropium (marketed as Spiriva HandiHaler)"
4442:
3644:
3640:
2903:
2768:
1576:
Rodrigo GJ, Castro-Rodríguez JA (February 2015). "What is the role of tiotropium in asthma?: a systematic review with meta-analysis".
1349:
1111:
2892:
2763:
2758:
1406:
1379:
1045:
778:
1144:
1683:
1242:
1705:
1653:
1294:
1264:
1182:
4437:
4242:
2813:
2630:
1212:
334:
209:
105:
1557:
124:
3785:
3694:
3263:
2783:
2753:
1458:
1078:
995:
agent. Although it does not display selectivity for specific muscarinic receptors, when topically applied it acts mainly on
3780:
3227:
2723:
1736:
4387:
1611:
936:(≥1% of people) include: dry mouth and/or throat irritation. Rarely (<0.1% of patients) treatment is associated with:
4364:
1843:
945:
483:
2844:
612:
4452:
4094:
4034:
2395:
2121:
3795:
3765:
3213:
1422:
4427:
4338:
4086:
2728:
2343:
2155:
1766:
Kesten S, Jara M, Wentworth C, Lanes S (December 2006). "Pooled clinical trial analysis of tiotropium safety".
1646:"Spiolto Respimat 2.5 microgram/2.5 microgram, inhalation solution - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC)"
909:
1676:"Yanimo Respimat 2.5 microgram/2.5 microgram, inhalation solution - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC)"
425:
3655:
3562:
3417:
2832:
172:
161:
2089:
651:
4118:
3632:
3364:
3045:
2798:
2778:
2584:
2539:
2458:
2420:
2329:
1920:
960:). A 2006 review found the increase in bronchospasm was small and did not reach statistical significance.
941:
573:
566:
4323:
4272:
4208:
3985:
3930:
3650:
3380:
3359:
3205:
2793:
2788:
2738:
2445:
1002:
muscarinic receptors located on smooth muscle cells and submucosal glands. This leads to a reduction in
988:
933:
416:
4071:
369:
3135:
881:. In 2021, it was the 134th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 4
4318:
4238:
3990:
3835:
3150:
2488:
2478:
301:
3130:
4457:
4333:
3995:
3880:
3690:
3492:
2463:
1235:"Tiogiva 18 microgram, inhalation powder, hard capsule - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC)"
984:
981:
972:), however, still found it associated with an increase in all cause mortality in people with COPD.
949:
628:
355:
168:
3065:
1175:"Spiriva 18 microgram inhalation powder, hard capsule - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC)"
4258:
4183:
4061:
3975:
3820:
3775:
3597:
3477:
3472:
3248:
3223:
3185:
3125:
3040:
2917:
2895:
2468:
2453:
2425:
1746:
1205:"Spiriva Respimat 2.5 microgram, inhalation solution - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC)"
135:
3970:
3965:
3675:
3660:
3165:
3160:
3105:
3095:
3055:
2935:
2267:
4188:
3960:
3705:
3349:
3238:
3060:
3050:
2861:
594:
4432:
4422:
4343:
4203:
4098:
3915:
3810:
3760:
3617:
3527:
3497:
3384:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2970:
2955:
2075:
2034:
1980:
1902:
1819:
1783:
1593:
1535:
1402:
1396:
1375:
937:
584:
546:
539:
472:
250:
237:
63:
3865:
3432:
3090:
3070:
4056:
3875:
3830:
3331:
3195:
2960:
2496:
2065:
2024:
2014:
1970:
1932:
1892:
1884:
1811:
1775:
1585:
1525:
1517:
1430:
668:
364:
260:
1558:
https://goldcopd.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/GOLD-2020-POCKET-GUIDE-ver1.0_FINAL-WMV.pdf
499:
492:
4401:
4216:
4173:
3870:
3840:
3607:
3542:
3532:
3512:
3303:
3267:
3115:
2950:
2440:
2363:
2142:
1564:
1341:
1103:
992:
863:
855:
278:
268:
83:
655:
632:
4212:
3815:
3755:
3517:
3295:
3291:
3279:
2985:
2838:
2654:
2387:
2211:
2029:
2002:
1897:
1872:
1027:
1007:
929:
832:
1675:
1234:
4411:
4328:
4168:
4154:
4150:
4142:
4090:
3750:
3745:
3612:
3547:
3030:
2945:
2559:
2554:
2529:
2430:
2400:
2368:
2353:
2052:
Wise RA, Anzueto A, Cotton D, Dahl R, Devins T, Disse B, et al. (October 2013).
1645:
1174:
1003:
871:
867:
644:
97:
1204:
877:
Tiotropium was patented in 1989, and approved for medical use in 2002. It is on the
405:
398:
4232:
4228:
4162:
4158:
4110:
4102:
3920:
3885:
3800:
3700:
3685:
3622:
3552:
3502:
3407:
3372:
3343:
3339:
3335:
3323:
3140:
3100:
3075:
2692:
2564:
2549:
2524:
2373:
2358:
2257:
2133:
851:
192:
187:
50:
33:
1480:
1450:
1070:
41:
1936:
4348:
4313:
4293:
4220:
4198:
4193:
4178:
4138:
4114:
4081:
4050:
4042:
4024:
4000:
3950:
3935:
3925:
3895:
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3855:
3740:
3735:
3710:
3680:
3665:
3522:
3482:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3422:
3402:
3327:
3315:
3299:
3283:
3253:
3155:
3120:
3110:
2980:
2667:
2643:
2602:
2592:
2544:
2534:
2415:
2410:
2299:
2248:
2221:
2216:
964:
957:
91:
4308:
4288:
4253:
4146:
4134:
4122:
4029:
4018:
4014:
3955:
3850:
3845:
3825:
3730:
3602:
3557:
3537:
3487:
3442:
3392:
3388:
3376:
3307:
3287:
3275:
3233:
3190:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3145:
3080:
3020:
2965:
2940:
2925:
2707:
2702:
2638:
2597:
2574:
2519:
2501:
2405:
2348:
2309:
2304:
2294:
2289:
2262:
2253:
2243:
2207:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2172:
2167:
2019:
953:
905:
847:
707:
463:
1815:
1779:
445:
4126:
4106:
4076:
4046:
4038:
3940:
3900:
3860:
3805:
3725:
3670:
3627:
3572:
3447:
3437:
3412:
3368:
3319:
3311:
3271:
3258:
3085:
3035:
2990:
2975:
2697:
2687:
2662:
2325:
2202:
2177:
859:
314:
77:
2079:
2038:
1984:
1906:
1823:
1787:
1597:
1552:
Pocket Guide to COPD Diagnosis, Management and
Prevention Fontana, WI The
1539:
1427:
World Health
Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019
2070:
2053:
1975:
1958:
1589:
1521:
17:
4302:
4248:
4224:
3980:
3910:
3770:
3507:
3427:
3396:
3354:
3243:
2620:
2511:
2146:
969:
436:
119:
1435:
452:
4298:
4278:
4130:
3905:
3790:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3025:
1530:
384:
1888:
1295:"Spiriva Respimat- tiotropium bromide inhalation spray spray, metered"
1018:
Tiotroprium is available in two inhaler formats: a soft mist inhaler (
3567:
3218:
2808:
2333:
2125:
840:
557:
373:
319:
293:
289:
1706:"Stiolto Respimat- tiotropium bromide and olodaterol spray, metered"
1036:
835:(LAMA: long acting muscarinic antagonist) used in the management of
519:
3720:
3715:
2930:
2803:
2337:
1613:
Global
Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention (2020 update)
737:
730:
721:
600:
530:
283:
510:
231:
27:
Long-acting bronchodilator in the maintenance of COPD and asthma
4006:
2865:
2093:
1374:(76th ed.). Pharmaceutical Press. 2018. pp. 247–248.
244:
114:
1098:
1096:
617:
2054:"Tiotropium Respimat inhaler and the risk of death in COPD"
218:
146:
2904:
1439:. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
862:, however, such use has not been well studied. It is an
879:
814:
3796:
Octatropine methylbromide (anisotropine methylbromide)
1871:
Singh S, Loke YK, Enright PL, Furberg CD (June 2011).
1554:
Global
Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease
904:
Tiotropium is also used in a combination inhaler with
4385:
1006:
contraction and mucus secretion and thus produces a
4271:
3204:
2916:
2902:
2749:
Fluticasone furoate/umeclidinium bromide/vilanterol
2716:
2680:
2652:
2629:
2611:
2583:
2573:
2510:
2487:
2439:
2386:
2318:
2276:
2230:
2154:
2141:
912:, for the treatment of COPD, under the brand names
760:
C1(C2CC(CC1C3C2O3)OC(=O)C(C4=CC=CS4)(C5=CC=CS5)O)C.
719:
706:
667:
662:
643:
611:
583:
556:
529:
509:
482:
462:
435:
424:
415:
383:
354:
325:
313:
300:
277:
267:
259:
208:
203:
178:
160:
134:
104:
90:
72:
62:
57:
766:C1(C2CC(CC1C3C2O3)OC(=O)C(C4=CC=CS4)(C5=CC=CS5)O)C
1348:. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists.
3986:Scopolamine butylbromide (hyoscine butylbromide)
1957:Kato M, Komamura K, Kitakaze M (December 2006).
1342:"Tiotropium Bromide Monograph for Professionals"
1265:"Spiriva Handihaler- tiotropium bromide capsule"
404:
397:
4011:Tooltip Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
2734:Beclometasone/formoterol/glycopyrronium bromide
1503:
1501:
893:Tiotropium is used as maintenance treatment of
858:. Tentative evidence has not found harm during
363:
4463:World Health Organization essential medicines
4375:Acetylcholine metabolism/transport modulators
2877:
2774:Indacaterol/glycopyrronium bromide/mometasone
2105:
8:
2744:Budesonide/glycopyrronium bromide/formoterol
123:
32:
4370:Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulators
1336:
1334:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1320:
3946:3-Quinuclidinyl thiochromane-4-carboxylate
2913:
2909:Tooltip Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors
2884:
2870:
2862:
2580:
2151:
2112:
2098:
2090:
1996:
1994:
1751:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1065:
1063:
928:Adverse effects are mainly related to its
654:
631:
471:
2069:
2028:
2018:
1974:
1896:
1529:
1434:
498:
491:
1372:British national formulary : BNF 76
4418:Drugs developed by Boehringer Ingelheim
4392:
1059:
1032:
783:
757:
627:
451:
444:
339:
96:
2613:Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors
1744:
1401:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 447.
1149:Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA)
1108:Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA)
645:
31:
1429:. Geneva: World Health Organization.
895:chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
837:chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
593:
572:
565:
545:
538:
82:
7:
2809:Theophylline/ephedrine/phenobarbital
1481:"Tiotropium - Drug Usage Statistics"
1461:from the original on 15 January 2024
1352:from the original on 14 October 2018
1081:from the original on 31 January 2019
599:
346:3-oxa-9-azoniatricyclononane bromide
191:
2058:The New England Journal of Medicine
1716:from the original on 1 October 2021
1686:from the original on 1 October 2021
1656:from the original on 1 October 2021
1510:The New England Journal of Medicine
1305:from the original on 1 October 2021
1275:from the original on 1 October 2021
1245:from the original on 1 October 2021
1215:from the original on 1 October 2021
1185:from the original on 1 October 2021
1155:from the original on 1 October 2021
1114:from the original on 1 October 2021
518:
388:
2804:Theophylline/ephedrine/hydroxyzine
2769:Indacaterol/glycopyrronium bromide
25:
3608:Etybenzatropine (ethybenztropine)
3280:chlorphenamine (chlorpheniramine)
3264:Antihistamines (first-generation)
3041:Desmethylclozapine (norclozapine)
2893:Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor
2794:Salbutamol (albuterol)/budesonide
2764:Glycopyrronium bromide/formoterol
2759:Fluticasone propionate/salmeterol
2001:Dahl R, Kaplan A (October 2016).
1848:. 14 January 2010. Archived from
1071:"Tiotropium Use During Pregnancy"
866:medication and works by blocking
4395:
2631:Thromboxane receptor antagonists
1626:from the original on 19 May 2020
1044:
1035:
688:
679:
49:
40:
4329:Meclofenoxate (centrophenoxine)
4147:northiaden (desmethyldosulepin)
2814:Umeclidinium bromide/vilanterol
1395:Fischer J, Ganellin CR (2006).
831:among others, is a long-acting
802:Key:LERNTVKEWCAPOY-FPISHFTHSA-N
791:Key:DQHNAVOVODVIMG-RGECMCKFSA-M
685:
3786:N-Methyl-3-piperidyl benzilate
2784:Ipratropium bromide/salbutamol
2754:Fluticasone furoate/vilanterol
2369:Orciprenaline (metaproterenol)
901:or acute worsening of asthma.
697:
691:
673:
1:
4448:Quaternary ammonium compounds
4365:Receptor/signaling modulators
3781:N-Ethyl-3-piperidyl benzilate
2724:Aclidinium bromide/formoterol
2212:Levosalbutamol (levalbuterol)
1738:Australian Medicines Handbook
1556:(GOLD) 2020 Available from:
1398:Analogue-based Drug Discovery
4221:cyamemazine (cyamepromazine)
2359:Isoprenaline (isoproterenol)
1937:10.18773/austprescr.2003.015
1844:Food and Drug Administration
1104:"AusPAR: Tiotropium bromide"
1022:) and a dry powder inhaler (
946:supraventricular tachycardia
827:, sold under the brand name
4035:Tetracyclic antidepressants
3926:Profenamine (ethopropazine)
3548:Dicycloverine (dicyclomine)
2334:+theophylline/phenobarbital
2122:obstructive airway diseases
899:acute exacerbations of COPD
4479:
4184:Tripitamine (tripitramine)
3408:Benzatropine (benztropine)
987:, often referred to as an
663:Chemical and physical data
4443:Drugs developed by Pfizer
4357:
4087:Tricyclic antidepressants
3637:+beclometasone/formoterol
3214:3-Quinuclidinyl benzilate
2822:
2020:10.1186/s12890-016-0291-4
1423:World Health Organization
810:
774:
748:
330:
48:
39:
4339:Phosphatidylethanolamine
2729:Beclometasone/formoterol
2338:theophylline/hydroxyzine
2278:Ultra-long-acting β
1816:10.1001/jama.300.12.1439
1780:10.1378/chest.130.6.1695
944:, palpitations (notably
910:long-acting beta-agonist
3563:Diphemanil metilsulfate
3418:Benzilylcholine mustard
3365:Atypical antipsychotics
2585:Leukotriene antagonists
885:million prescriptions.
4438:Muscarinic antagonists
4209:Typical antipsychotics
3981:Scopolamine (hyoscine)
3656:Hexahydrosiladifenidol
3633:Glycopyrronium bromide
2799:Theophylline/ephedrine
2779:Indacaterol/mometasone
2540:Choline theophyllinate
2459:Glycopyrronium bromide
2421:Fluticasone propionate
2208:Salbutamol (albuterol)
2007:BMC Pulmonary Medicine
942:angle closure glaucoma
940:, constipation, acute
934:adverse drug reactions
4324:Glycerophosphocholine
4127:dosulepin (dothiepin)
3931:Propantheline bromide
3806:Otenzepad (AF-DX 116)
3360:Atropine methonitrate
2789:Mometasone/formoterol
2739:Budesonide/formoterol
2489:Mast cell stabilizers
2446:muscarinic antagonist
2071:10.1056/NEJMoa1303342
1976:10.1253/circj.70.1658
1925:Australian Prescriber
1735:Rossi S, ed. (2006).
1590:10.1378/chest.14-1698
1522:10.1056/nejmoa0805800
1451:"The Top 300 of 2021"
952:) and allergy (rash,
4319:Dimethylethanolamine
4239:Umeclidinium bromide
4119:desmethyldesipramine
3836:Oxyphenonium bromide
3046:Ethoxysebacylcholine
2717:Combination products
2479:Umeclidinium bromide
1921:"Tiotropium bromide"
1563:12 July 2020 at the
1145:"Tiotropium bromide"
1110:. 29 November 2016.
4334:Phosphatidylcholine
3996:Sofpironium bromide
3881:Pipenzolate bromide
3691:Ipratropium bromide
3493:Cimetropium bromide
2464:Ipratropium bromide
2156:Short-acting β
1963:Circulation Journal
1931:(1). January 2003.
1682:. 14 January 2021.
1652:. 14 January 2021.
1211:. 14 January 2021.
1181:. 15 January 2019.
1014:Society and culture
982:muscarinic receptor
976:Mechanism of action
950:atrial fibrillation
240:(Prescription only)
227:(Prescription only)
173:inhalation by mouth
36:
4067:Tiotropium bromide
4062:Timepidium bromide
3821:Oxitropium bromide
3776:Muscarinic toxin 7
3651:Hexahydrodifenidol
3598:Emepronium bromide
3249:Ambutonium bromide
3224:Aclidinium bromide
2849:Never to phase III
2474:Tiotropium bromide
2469:Oxitropium bromide
2454:Aclidinium bromide
2232:Long-acting β
1852:on 2 November 2017
825:Tiotropium bromide
273:19.5% (inhalation)
125:Tiotropium bromide
34:Tiotropium bromide
4453:Tertiary alcohols
4383:
4382:
4344:Phosphorylcholine
4282:
4267:
4266:
4204:Trospium chloride
4099:amitriptylinoxide
4072:Tiquizium bromide
3916:Prifinium bromide
3811:Otilonium bromide
3766:Methylscopolamine
3761:Methylhomatropine
3618:Fentonium bromide
3498:Clidinium bromide
2859:
2858:
2676:
2675:
2382:
2381:
2064:(16): 1491–1501.
1969:(12): 1658–1660.
1889:10.1136/bmj.d3215
1810:(12): 1439–1450.
1516:(15): 1543–1554.
938:urinary retention
822:
821:
739:Interactive image
732:Interactive image
613:CompTox Dashboard
248:
235:
222:
150:
117:
16:(Redirected from
4470:
4400:
4399:
4398:
4391:
4276:
4057:Tiemonium iodide
4012:
4008:
3876:Phenyltoloxamine
3831:Oxyphencyclimine
3332:phenyltoloxamine
3136:Suberyldicholine
2914:
2910:
2906:
2886:
2879:
2872:
2863:
2581:
2441:Anticholinergics
2152:
2114:
2107:
2100:
2091:
2084:
2083:
2073:
2049:
2043:
2042:
2032:
2022:
1998:
1989:
1988:
1978:
1954:
1948:
1947:
1945:
1943:
1917:
1911:
1910:
1900:
1868:
1862:
1861:
1859:
1857:
1834:
1828:
1827:
1798:
1792:
1791:
1774:(6): 1695–1703.
1763:
1757:
1756:
1750:
1742:
1732:
1726:
1725:
1723:
1721:
1702:
1696:
1695:
1693:
1691:
1672:
1666:
1665:
1663:
1661:
1642:
1636:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1625:
1618:
1608:
1602:
1601:
1573:
1567:
1550:
1544:
1543:
1533:
1505:
1496:
1495:
1493:
1491:
1477:
1471:
1470:
1468:
1466:
1447:
1441:
1440:
1438:
1419:
1413:
1412:
1392:
1386:
1385:
1368:
1362:
1361:
1359:
1357:
1338:
1315:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1291:
1285:
1284:
1282:
1280:
1261:
1255:
1254:
1252:
1250:
1231:
1225:
1224:
1222:
1220:
1201:
1195:
1194:
1192:
1190:
1171:
1165:
1164:
1162:
1160:
1141:
1135:
1130:
1124:
1123:
1121:
1119:
1100:
1091:
1090:
1088:
1086:
1067:
1048:
1039:
980:Tiotropium is a
932:effects. Common
884:
818:
817:
741:
734:
714:
699:
693:
690:
687:
681:
675:
658:
647:
636:
635:
621:
619:
603:
597:
576:
569:
549:
542:
522:
502:
495:
475:
455:
448:
428:
408:
401:
391:
390:
367:
344:7--9,9-dimethyl-
305:
246:
243:
233:
230:
220:
217:
195:
148:
145:
127:
116:
113:
100:
86:
53:
44:
37:
35:
21:
4478:
4477:
4473:
4472:
4471:
4469:
4468:
4467:
4428:Bronchodilators
4408:
4407:
4406:
4396:
4394:
4386:
4384:
4379:
4353:
4275:
4263:
4217:chlorprothixene
4174:Trihexyphenidyl
4010:
3991:Silahexacyclium
3871:Phenglutarimide
3533:Desfesoterodine
3513:Cyclobenzaprine
3304:diphenhydramine
3268:brompheniramine
3200:
3151:Thiopilocarpine
2908:
2898:
2890:
2860:
2855:
2854:
2839:Clinical trials
2818:
2712:
2672:
2655:PDE4 inhibitors
2648:
2625:
2607:
2569:
2506:
2483:
2444:
2435:
2388:Glucocorticoids
2378:
2364:Methylephedrine
2314:
2281:
2272:
2235:
2226:
2159:
2137:
2118:
2088:
2087:
2051:
2050:
2046:
2000:
1999:
1992:
1956:
1955:
1951:
1941:
1939:
1919:
1918:
1914:
1870:
1869:
1865:
1855:
1853:
1836:
1835:
1831:
1800:
1799:
1795:
1765:
1764:
1760:
1743:
1734:
1733:
1729:
1719:
1717:
1704:
1703:
1699:
1689:
1687:
1674:
1673:
1669:
1659:
1657:
1644:
1643:
1639:
1629:
1627:
1623:
1616:
1610:
1609:
1605:
1575:
1574:
1570:
1565:Wayback Machine
1551:
1547:
1507:
1506:
1499:
1489:
1487:
1479:
1478:
1474:
1464:
1462:
1449:
1448:
1444:
1421:
1420:
1416:
1409:
1394:
1393:
1389:
1382:
1370:
1369:
1365:
1355:
1353:
1340:
1339:
1318:
1308:
1306:
1293:
1292:
1288:
1278:
1276:
1263:
1262:
1258:
1248:
1246:
1241:. 2 June 2021.
1233:
1232:
1228:
1218:
1216:
1203:
1202:
1198:
1188:
1186:
1173:
1172:
1168:
1158:
1156:
1143:
1142:
1138:
1131:
1127:
1117:
1115:
1102:
1101:
1094:
1084:
1082:
1069:
1068:
1061:
1056:
1049:
1040:
1016:
1008:bronchodilatory
1000:
993:anticholinergic
978:
926:
924:Adverse effects
891:
882:
864:anticholinergic
856:QT prolongation
813:
811:
806:
803:
798:
795:
792:
787:
782:
781:
770:
767:
764:
761:
756:
755:
744:
712:
702:
696:
684:
678:
639:
615:
607:
579:
552:
525:
505:
478:
458:
431:
411:
387:
379:
368:
350:
347:
345:
343:
338:
337:
303:
287:
269:Bioavailability
261:Pharmacokinetic
255:
199:
163:
156:
137:
130:
68:Spiriva, others
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4476:
4474:
4466:
4465:
4460:
4455:
4450:
4445:
4440:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4410:
4409:
4405:
4404:
4381:
4380:
4378:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4358:
4355:
4354:
4352:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4296:
4291:
4285:
4283:
4269:
4268:
4265:
4264:
4262:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4236:
4213:chlorpromazine
4206:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3816:Oxapium iodide
3813:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3756:Methylatropine
3753:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3518:Cyclopentolate
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3296:dimenhydrinate
3292:cyproheptadine
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3221:
3216:
3210:
3208:
3202:
3201:
3199:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3131:Sebacylcholine
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2986:Butyrylcholine
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2922:
2920:
2911:
2900:
2899:
2891:
2889:
2888:
2881:
2874:
2866:
2857:
2856:
2853:
2852:
2851:
2850:
2847:
2836:
2830:
2824:
2823:
2820:
2819:
2817:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2720:
2718:
2714:
2713:
2711:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2684:
2682:
2681:Others/unknown
2678:
2677:
2674:
2673:
2671:
2670:
2665:
2659:
2657:
2650:
2649:
2647:
2646:
2641:
2635:
2633:
2627:
2626:
2624:
2623:
2617:
2615:
2609:
2608:
2606:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2589:
2587:
2578:
2571:
2570:
2568:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2516:
2514:
2508:
2507:
2505:
2504:
2499:
2493:
2491:
2485:
2484:
2482:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2450:
2448:
2437:
2436:
2434:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2392:
2390:
2384:
2383:
2380:
2379:
2377:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2322:
2320:
2316:
2315:
2313:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2286:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2273:
2271:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2251:
2246:
2240:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2227:
2225:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2164:
2162:
2157:
2149:
2139:
2138:
2119:
2117:
2116:
2109:
2102:
2094:
2086:
2085:
2044:
1990:
1949:
1912:
1863:
1829:
1793:
1758:
1727:
1697:
1667:
1637:
1619:. GOLD. 2020.
1603:
1584:(2): 388–396.
1568:
1545:
1497:
1472:
1442:
1414:
1407:
1387:
1380:
1363:
1316:
1286:
1256:
1226:
1196:
1166:
1136:
1125:
1092:
1058:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1051:
1050:
1043:
1041:
1034:
1015:
1012:
998:
989:antimuscarinic
977:
974:
930:antimuscarinic
925:
922:
920:among others.
890:
887:
833:bronchodilator
820:
819:
808:
807:
805:
804:
801:
799:
796:
793:
790:
788:
785:
777:
776:
775:
772:
771:
769:
768:
765:
762:
759:
751:
750:
749:
746:
745:
743:
742:
735:
727:
725:
717:
716:
710:
704:
703:
700:
694:
682:
676:
671:
665:
664:
660:
659:
649:
641:
640:
638:
637:
624:
622:
609:
608:
606:
605:
589:
587:
581:
580:
578:
577:
570:
562:
560:
554:
553:
551:
550:
543:
535:
533:
527:
526:
524:
523:
515:
513:
507:
506:
504:
503:
496:
488:
486:
480:
479:
477:
476:
468:
466:
460:
459:
457:
456:
449:
441:
439:
433:
432:
430:
429:
421:
419:
413:
412:
410:
409:
402:
394:
392:
381:
380:
378:
377:
360:
358:
352:
351:
349:
348:
342:(1α,2β,4β,7β)-
341:
333:
332:
331:
328:
327:
323:
322:
317:
311:
310:
307:
298:
297:
281:
275:
274:
271:
265:
264:
257:
256:
254:
253:
241:
228:
214:
212:
206:
205:
201:
200:
198:
197:
184:
182:
176:
175:
166:
164:administration
158:
157:
155:
154:
152:
142:
140:
132:
131:
129:
128:
110:
108:
102:
101:
94:
88:
87:
80:
70:
69:
66:
60:
59:
55:
54:
46:
45:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4475:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4415:
4413:
4403:
4393:
4389:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4360:
4359:
4356:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4304:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4286:
4284:
4280:
4274:
4270:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4244:
4240:
4237:
4234:
4230:
4226:
4222:
4218:
4214:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4169:Tridihexethyl
4167:
4164:
4160:
4156:
4155:protriptyline
4152:
4151:nortriptyline
4148:
4144:
4143:nitroxazepine
4140:
4136:
4132:
4128:
4124:
4120:
4116:
4112:
4108:
4104:
4100:
4096:
4095:+perphenazine
4092:
4091:amitriptyline
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4052:
4048:
4044:
4040:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4020:
4016:
4009:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3751:Methoctramine
3749:
3747:
3746:Methantheline
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3721:Mamba toxin 7
3719:
3717:
3716:Mamba toxin 3
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3696:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3646:
3642:
3638:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3613:Fenpiverinium
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
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3484:
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3479:
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3461:
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3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3398:
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3378:
3374:
3370:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
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3348:
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3341:
3337:
3333:
3329:
3325:
3321:
3317:
3313:
3309:
3305:
3301:
3297:
3293:
3289:
3285:
3281:
3277:
3273:
3269:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3229:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3211:
3209:
3207:
3203:
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3179:
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3149:
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3139:
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3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3031:cis-Dioxolane
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2946:Acetylcholine
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2923:
2921:
2919:
2915:
2912:
2907:
2901:
2897:
2894:
2887:
2882:
2880:
2875:
2873:
2868:
2867:
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2834:
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2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
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2790:
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2770:
2767:
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2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2721:
2719:
2715:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2685:
2683:
2679:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2660:
2658:
2656:
2653:Non-xanthine
2651:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2636:
2634:
2632:
2628:
2622:
2619:
2618:
2616:
2614:
2610:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2590:
2588:
2586:
2582:
2579:
2576:
2572:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2560:Proxyphylline
2558:
2556:
2555:Etamiphylline
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2530:Aminophylline
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2517:
2515:
2513:
2509:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2494:
2492:
2490:
2486:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2451:
2449:
2447:
2442:
2438:
2432:
2431:Triamcinolone
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2401:Betamethasone
2399:
2397:
2396:Beclometasone
2394:
2393:
2391:
2389:
2385:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2354:Hexoprenaline
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2330:+theophylline
2327:
2324:
2323:
2321:
2317:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2287:
2285:
2283:
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2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2255:
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2250:
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2242:
2241:
2239:
2237:
2229:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2165:
2163:
2161:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2115:
2110:
2108:
2103:
2101:
2096:
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2077:
2072:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2048:
2045:
2040:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2004:
1997:
1995:
1991:
1986:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1953:
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1938:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1916:
1913:
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1460:
1456:
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1446:
1443:
1437:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1418:
1415:
1410:
1408:9783527607495
1404:
1400:
1399:
1391:
1388:
1383:
1381:9780857113382
1377:
1373:
1367:
1364:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1337:
1335:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1327:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1317:
1304:
1300:
1296:
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1287:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1260:
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1244:
1240:
1236:
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1214:
1210:
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1197:
1184:
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1129:
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1113:
1109:
1105:
1099:
1097:
1093:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1066:
1064:
1060:
1053:
1047:
1042:
1038:
1033:
1031:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1013:
1011:
1009:
1005:
1004:smooth muscle
1001:
994:
990:
986:
983:
975:
973:
971:
966:
961:
959:
955:
951:
947:
943:
939:
935:
931:
923:
921:
919:
915:
911:
907:
902:
900:
896:
888:
886:
880:
875:
873:
872:smooth muscle
869:
868:acetylcholine
865:
861:
857:
853:
849:
844:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
816:
809:
800:
794:
789:
784:
780:
773:
763:
758:
754:
747:
740:
736:
733:
729:
728:
726:
723:
718:
711:
709:
705:
672:
670:
666:
661:
657:
653:
650:
648:
646:ECHA InfoCard
642:
634:
630:
629:DTXSID5044281
626:
625:
623:
614:
610:
602:
601:RCSB PDB
596:
591:
590:
588:
586:
582:
575:
574:ChEMBL1900528
571:
568:
567:ChEMBL3545181
564:
563:
561:
559:
555:
548:
544:
541:
537:
536:
534:
532:
528:
521:
517:
516:
514:
512:
508:
501:
497:
494:
490:
489:
487:
485:
481:
474:
470:
469:
467:
465:
461:
454:
450:
447:
443:
442:
440:
438:
434:
427:
423:
422:
420:
418:
414:
407:
403:
400:
396:
395:
393:
386:
382:
375:
371:
366:
362:
361:
359:
357:
353:
340:
336:
329:
324:
321:
318:
316:
312:
308:
306:
299:
295:
291:
285:
282:
280:
276:
272:
270:
266:
262:
258:
252:
242:
239:
229:
226:
216:
215:
213:
211:
207:
202:
194:
189:
186:
185:
183:
181:
177:
174:
170:
167:
165:
159:
153:
144:
143:
141:
139:
133:
126:
121:
112:
111:
109:
107:
103:
99:
95:
93:
89:
85:
81:
79:
75:
71:
67:
65:
61:
58:Clinical data
56:
52:
47:
43:
38:
30:
19:
4233:thioridazine
4229:mesoridazine
4163:trimipramine
4159:quinupramine
4111:clomipramine
4103:butriptyline
4066:
3921:Procyclidine
3886:Piperidolate
3801:Orphenadrine
3701:Isopropamide
3686:Imidafenacin
3645:+neostigmine
3641:+indacaterol
3623:Fesoterodine
3553:Dihexyverine
3503:Cloperastine
3373:fluperlapine
3344:triprolidine
3340:propiomazine
3336:promethazine
3324:phenindamine
3141:Talsaclidine
3101:Oxotremorine
3076:Methacholine
3066:LY-2,033,298
2693:Ensifentrine
2565:Theophylline
2550:Enprofylline
2525:Ambuphylline
2497:Cromoglicate
2473:
2374:Racephedrine
2258:Arformoterol
2061:
2057:
2047:
2010:
2006:
1966:
1962:
1952:
1940:. Retrieved
1928:
1924:
1915:
1880:
1876:
1866:
1854:. Retrieved
1850:the original
1841:
1832:
1807:
1803:
1796:
1771:
1767:
1761:
1737:
1730:
1720:30 September
1718:. Retrieved
1709:
1700:
1690:30 September
1688:. Retrieved
1679:
1670:
1660:30 September
1658:. Retrieved
1649:
1640:
1628:. Retrieved
1612:
1606:
1581:
1577:
1571:
1548:
1513:
1509:
1488:. Retrieved
1484:
1475:
1463:. Retrieved
1454:
1445:
1436:10665/325771
1426:
1417:
1397:
1390:
1371:
1366:
1354:. Retrieved
1345:
1309:30 September
1307:. Retrieved
1298:
1289:
1279:30 September
1277:. Retrieved
1268:
1259:
1249:30 September
1247:. Retrieved
1238:
1229:
1219:30 September
1217:. Retrieved
1208:
1199:
1189:30 September
1187:. Retrieved
1178:
1169:
1159:30 September
1157:. Retrieved
1148:
1139:
1128:
1118:30 September
1116:. Retrieved
1107:
1083:. Retrieved
1074:
1023:
1019:
1017:
979:
962:
927:
917:
913:
903:
892:
889:Medical uses
876:
852:bronchospasm
850:, worsening
845:
828:
824:
823:
812:
446:DBSALT000348
302:Elimination
210:Legal status
204:Legal status
106:License data
29:
4349:Pirisudanol
4314:Cyprodenate
4294:Adafenoxate
4259:Zamifenacin
4243:+vilanterol
4199:Tropicamide
4194:Tropatepine
4179:Trimebutine
4139:lofepramine
4115:desipramine
4082:Tolterodine
4051:mirtazapine
4043:maprotiline
4025:Telenzepine
4001:Solifenacin
3976:SCH-217,443
3951:Revefenacin
3936:Propiverine
3896:Piroheptine
3891:Pirenzepine
3856:Penthienate
3741:Mepenzolate
3736:Meladrazine
3711:Hyoscyamine
3695:+salbutamol
3681:Homatropine
3666:Hexocyclium
3523:Darifenacin
3483:CAR-302,668
3478:CAR-302,537
3473:CAR-302,368
3468:CAR-302,282
3463:CAR-302,196
3458:CAR-301,060
3453:CAR-226,086
3423:Benzydamine
3403:Benactyzine
3381:+fluoxetine
3328:pheniramine
3316:mequitazine
3300:dimetindene
3284:cinnarizine
3254:Anisodamine
3228:+formoterol
3206:Antagonists
3186:WAY-132,983
3156:Vedaclidine
3126:SDZ 210-086
3121:Sabcomeline
3111:Pilocarpine
2981:Bethanechol
2835:from market
2668:Roflumilast
2644:Seratrodast
2603:Zafirlukast
2593:Montelukast
2545:Doxofylline
2535:Bamifylline
2416:Flunisolide
2411:Ciclesonide
2344:Epinephrine
2300:Indacaterol
2249:Clenbuterol
2222:Tulobuterol
2217:Terbutaline
2143:Adrenergics
1856:20 December
1741:. Adelaide.
1531:2437/111564
965:ipratropium
958:anaphylaxis
839:(COPD) and
715: g·mol
652:100.234.575
547:CHEBI:90960
540:CHEBI:90959
370:186691-13-4
365:136310-93-5
326:Identifiers
92:MedlinePlus
64:Trade names
4458:Thiophenes
4412:Categories
4309:Citicoline
4289:Acetyl-coA
4273:Precursors
4254:Xanomeline
4135:imipramine
4123:dibenzepin
4030:Terodiline
4019:paroxetine
4015:femoxetine
3971:SCH-72,788
3966:SCH-57,790
3956:Rociverine
3851:PD-0298029
3846:PD-102,807
3826:Oxybutynin
3731:Mebeverine
3676:HL-031,120
3661:Hexbutinol
3603:Etanautine
3558:Difemerine
3538:Dexetimide
3488:Caramiphen
3443:Bornaprine
3393:tenilapine
3389:quetiapine
3377:olanzapine
3308:doxylamine
3288:clemastine
3276:captodiame
3234:Abediterol
3191:Xanomeline
3181:VU-0238429
3176:VU-0152100
3171:VU-0152099
3166:VU-0090157
3161:VU-0029767
3146:Tazomeline
3106:PD-151,832
3096:Ocvimeline
3081:Milameline
3056:LY-593,039
3021:Cevimeline
2966:Alvameline
2941:Aceclidine
2936:AC-260,584
2926:77-LH-28-1
2896:modulators
2708:Omalizumab
2703:Fenspiride
2639:Ramatroban
2598:Pranlukast
2577:inhibition
2575:Eicosanoid
2520:Acefylline
2502:Nedocromil
2426:Mometasone
2406:Budesonide
2349:Etafedrine
2310:Vilanterol
2305:Olodaterol
2295:Carmoterol
2290:Abediterol
2268:Salmefamol
2263:Salmeterol
2254:Formoterol
2244:Bambuterol
2198:Reproterol
2193:Procaterol
2188:Pirbuterol
2183:Isoetarine
2173:Carbuterol
2168:Bitolterol
2120:Drugs for
2013:(1): 135.
1490:14 January
1465:14 January
1356:31 January
1085:31 January
1054:References
1024:HandiHaler
985:antagonist
954:angioedema
906:olodaterol
870:action on
848:angioedema
720:3D model (
708:Molar mass
585:PDB ligand
500:0EB439235F
493:XX112XZP0J
464:ChemSpider
417:IUPHAR/BPS
356:CAS Number
335:IUPAC name
279:Metabolism
18:Tiotropium
4189:Tropacine
4107:cidoxepin
4077:Tofenacin
4047:mianserin
4039:amoxapine
3961:RU-47,213
3941:Quinidine
3901:Pizotifen
3861:Pethidine
3726:Mazaticol
3706:J-104,129
3671:Himbacine
3628:Flavoxate
3573:Drofenine
3448:Camylofin
3438:Biperiden
3413:Benzilone
3369:clozapine
3350:AQ-RA 741
3320:perlapine
3312:meclizine
3272:buclizine
3259:Anisodine
3244:AF-DX 384
3239:AF-DX 250
3086:Muscarine
3061:L-689,660
3051:Itameline
3036:Clozapine
2991:Carbachol
2976:Arecoline
2845:Phase III
2833:Withdrawn
2698:Eprozinol
2688:Amlexanox
2663:Ibudilast
2512:Xanthines
2326:Ephedrine
2203:Rimiterol
2178:Fenoterol
2147:inhalants
1883:: d3215.
1747:cite book
1346:Drugs.com
1075:Drugs.com
1028:mortality
860:pregnancy
315:Excretion
304:half-life
162:Routes of
136:Pregnancy
84:Monograph
78:Drugs.com
4433:Epoxides
4423:Bromides
4402:Medicine
4361:See also
4303:lecithin
4279:prodrugs
4249:WIN-2299
4225:loxapine
3911:Pridinol
3771:Metixene
3528:DAU-5884
3508:CS-27349
3428:Bevonium
3397:zotepine
3385:rilapine
3355:Atropine
3016:CDD-0102
3011:CDD-0098
3006:CDD-0097
3001:CDD-0078
2996:CDD-0034
2971:AQRA-741
2956:AF150(S)
2918:Agonists
2621:Zileuton
2282:agonists
2236:agonists
2160:agonists
2080:23992515
2039:27724909
1985:17127817
1907:21672999
1824:18812535
1788:17166984
1714:Archived
1710:DailyMed
1684:Archived
1654:Archived
1621:Archived
1598:25322075
1561:Archived
1540:18836213
1485:ClinCalc
1459:Archived
1455:ClinCalc
1425:(2019).
1350:Archived
1303:Archived
1299:DailyMed
1273:Archived
1269:DailyMed
1243:Archived
1213:Archived
1183:Archived
1153:Archived
1112:Archived
1079:Archived
1020:Respimat
1010:effect.
970:Respimat
815:(verify)
473:10482095
437:DrugBank
309:5–6 days
180:ATC code
169:By mouth
151: B1
138:category
120:DailyMed
4299:Choline
4211:(e.g.,
4131:doxepin
4089:(e.g.,
4037:(e.g.,
4013:(e.g.,
3906:Poldine
3866:pFHHSiD
3791:Nefopam
3593:EA-3834
3588:EA-3580
3583:EA-3443
3578:EA-3167
3433:BIBN 99
3367:(e.g.,
3266:(e.g.,
3091:NGX-267
3071:McNA343
3026:Choline
2030:5057252
1942:11 July
1898:3114950
918:Spiolto
914:Stiolto
829:Spiriva
669:Formula
453:DB01409
406:5487427
399:5487426
385:PubChem
196:)
190: (
188:R03BB04
122::
98:a604018
4388:Portal
3568:Ditran
3219:4-DAMP
3196:YM-796
2961:AF267B
2905:mAChRs
2828:WHO-EM
2126:asthma
2078:
2037:
2027:
1983:
1905:
1895:
1822:
1786:
1630:10 May
1596:
1538:
1405:
1378:
883:
854:, and
841:asthma
753:SMILES
713:472.41
558:ChEMBL
520:D01929
374:cation
320:Kidney
294:CYP3A4
290:CYP2D6
251:℞-only
249:
236:
223:
118:
4277:(and
4007:SSRIs
2931:AC-42
2319:Other
1846:(FDA)
1842:U.S.
1768:Chest
1680:(emc)
1650:(emc)
1624:(PDF)
1617:(PDF)
1578:Chest
1239:(emc)
1209:(emc)
1179:(emc)
779:InChI
722:JSmol
592:0HK (
531:ChEBI
284:Liver
3841:PBID
3543:DIBD
3116:RS86
2951:AF30
2130:COPD
2076:PMID
2035:PMID
1981:PMID
1944:2024
1903:PMID
1858:2019
1820:PMID
1804:JAMA
1784:PMID
1753:link
1722:2021
1692:2021
1662:2021
1632:2020
1594:PMID
1536:PMID
1492:2024
1467:2024
1403:ISBN
1376:ISBN
1358:2019
1311:2021
1281:2021
1251:2021
1221:2021
1191:2021
1161:2021
1120:2021
1087:2019
948:and
916:and
908:, a
595:PDBe
511:KEGG
484:UNII
263:data
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2134:R03
2066:doi
2062:369
2025:PMC
2015:doi
1971:doi
1933:doi
1893:PMC
1885:doi
1881:342
1877:BMJ
1812:doi
1808:300
1776:doi
1772:130
1586:doi
1582:147
1526:hdl
1518:doi
1514:359
1431:hdl
991:or
618:EPA
426:367
389:CID
286:25%
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193:WHO
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