Knowledge (XXG)

Euclidean tilings by convex regular polygons

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3127: 3085: 3118: 782: 2914: 814: 805: 796: 4301: 837: 828: 932: 923: 882: 873: 864: 855: 846: 896: 968: 950: 941: 914: 905: 977: 959: 3058: 3076: 3067: 2887: 2905: 2896: 3211: 90: 3222: 3240: 3202: 3231: 252: 645: 606: 684: 3044: 2873: 526: 448: 409: 487: 306: 567: 3193: 279: 146:
vertices with 2 different vertex types, so this tiling would be classed as a ‘3-uniform (2-vertex types)’ tiling. Broken down, 3; 3 (both of different transitivity class), or (3), tells us that there are 2 vertices (denoted by the superscript 2), each with 6 equilateral 3-sided polygons (triangles). With a final vertex 3.6, 4 more contiguous equilateral triangles and a single regular hexagon.
2864: 3026: 2855: 3035: 2757: 2734: 2638: 2548: 2528: 2505: 2480: 2458: 2389: 2281: 1137: 677: 229: 3017: 2846: 2711: 2688: 2593: 2568: 2367: 2347: 2325: 2303: 1128: 638: 599: 560: 519: 480: 441: 402: 243: 236: 70: 51: 38: 2411: 2663: 2793:-uniform tilings have been enumerated up to 6. There are 673 6-uniform tilings of the Euclidean plane. Brian Galebach's search reproduced Krotenheerdt's list of 10 6-uniform tilings with 6 distinct vertex types, as well as finding 92 of them with 5 vertex types, 187 of them with 4 vertex types, 284 of them with 3 vertex types, and 100 with 2 vertex types. 4308: 149:
However, this notation has two main problems related to ambiguous conformation and uniqueness First, when it comes to k-uniform tilings, the notation does not explain the relationships between the vertices. This makes it impossible to generate a covered plane given the notation alone. And second,
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each family having a real-valued parameter determining the overlap between sides of adjacent tiles or the ratio between the edge lengths of different tiles. Two of the families are generated from shifted square, either progressive or zig-zagging positions. Grünbaum and Shephard call these tilings
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tiling has a square lattice, the 4(3-1)-uniform tiling has a snub square lattice, and the 5(3-1-1)-uniform tiling has an elongated triangular lattice. These higher-order uniform tilings use the same lattice but possess greater complexity. The fractalizing basis for theses tilings is as follows:
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Euclidean tilings are usually named after Cundy & Rollett’s notation. This notation represents (i) the number of vertices, (ii) the number of polygons around each vertex (arranged clockwise) and (iii) the number of sides to each of those polygons. For example: 3; 3; 3.6, tells us there are 3
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In order to solve those problems, GomJau-Hogg’s notation is a slightly modified version of the research and notation presented in 2012, about the generation and nomenclature of tessellations and double-layer grids. Antwerp v3.0, a free online application, allows for the infinite generation of
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1-uniform tilings include 3 regular tilings, and 8 semiregular ones, with 2 or more types of regular polygon faces. There are 20 2-uniform tilings, 61 3-uniform tilings, 151 4-uniform tilings, 332 5-uniform tilings and 673 6-uniform tilings. Each can be grouped by the number
768:(3.3.4.12, 3.4.3.12, 3.3.6.6, 3.4.4.6), while six can not be used to completely tile the plane by regular polygons with no gaps or overlaps - they only tessellate space entirely when irregular polygons are included (3.7.42, 3.8.24, 3.9.18, 3.10.15, 4.5.20, 5.5.10). 150:
some tessellations have the same nomenclature, they are very similar but it can be noticed that the relative positions of the hexagons are different. Therefore, the second problem is that this nomenclature is not unique for each tessellation.
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although it contradicts Coxeter's definition for uniformity which requires edge-to-edge regular polygons. Such isogonal tilings are actually topologically identical to the uniform tilings, with different geometric proportions.
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If the requirement of flag-transitivity is relaxed to one of vertex-transitivity, while the condition that the tiling is edge-to-edge is kept, there are eight additional tilings possible, known as
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as referring to the global property of vertex-transitivity. Though these yield the same set of tilings in the plane, in other spaces there are Archimedean tilings which are not uniform.
186:, edge and tile of the tiling. This means that, for every pair of flags, there is a symmetry operation mapping the first flag to the second. This is equivalent to the tiling being an 3142:
Convex regular polygons can also form plane tilings that are not edge-to-edge. Such tilings can be considered edge-to-edge as nonregular polygons with adjacent colinear edges.
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regular polygon tilings through a set of shape placement stages and iterative rotation and reflection operations, obtained directly from the GomJau-Hogg’s notation.
5241: 4506: 3660: 4439: 3775: 386:) forms of 3.6 (snub hexagonal) tiling, only one of which is shown in the following table. All other regular and semiregular tilings are achiral. 207: 5246: 4461: 4195: 3962: 5056: 4891: 3126: 5206: 5181: 5171: 5141: 5096: 5046: 5026: 4841: 4726: 3718: 3314: 5216: 5211: 5151: 5146: 5101: 5051: 5036: 4059: 5275: 5236: 5021: 4269: 3900: 5076: 5011: 4996: 4831: 4451: 5176: 5136: 5091: 5031: 5016: 5006: 4981: 4342: 3609: 5041: 4961: 4816: 4083: 349: 3084: 3117: 4971: 4956: 4916: 4846: 4796: 4711: 4531: 2393: 781: 492: 4941: 4906: 4896: 4756: 4300: 2913: 813: 804: 795: 5081: 4911: 4901: 4881: 4861: 4836: 4781: 4761: 4746: 4736: 4671: 4337: 836: 827: 650: 3910:
Ren, Ding; Reay, John R. (1987). "The boundary characteristic and Pick's theorem in the Archimedean planar tilings".
2262:) Vertex types are listed for each. If two tilings share the same two vertex types, they are given subscripts 1,2. 931: 922: 881: 872: 863: 854: 845: 5231: 5226: 5221: 5126: 4886: 4851: 4811: 4791: 4766: 4751: 4741: 4701: 4188: 3284: 2329: 2307: 996: 967: 949: 940: 913: 904: 895: 730:
as referring only to the local property of the arrangement of tiles around each vertex being the same, and that as
414: 175: 4332: 976: 958: 5166: 5161: 5071: 5066: 5061: 4856: 4826: 4821: 4801: 4786: 4776: 4771: 4691: 2572: 2285: 453: 5280: 5201: 5196: 5191: 5121: 5116: 5111: 5106: 4806: 4686: 4681: 4354: 3057: 761:, (3.12.12, 4.6.12, 4.8.8, (3.6), 3.4.6.4, 3.3.4.3.4, 3.3.3.4.4, 3.3.3.3.6). Four of them can exist in higher 2957:
This can similarly be done with the truncated trihexagonal tiling as a basis, with corresponding dilation of
4866: 4716: 4666: 3319: 3279: 3075: 572: 383: 3579: 3066: 4986: 4976: 4946: 4628: 4243: 3369: 3349: 2886: 5285: 5086: 4991: 4951: 4936: 4931: 4926: 4921: 4676: 4466: 4181: 2904: 689: 191: 4021: 3221: 2895: 3210: 89: 5131: 4871: 4584: 4572: 4456: 4385: 4361: 4286: 3705: 3566: 3554: 3467: 3414: 3309: 616: 195: 60: 497: 4876: 4696: 4542: 4501: 4496: 4376: 3359: 3294: 2960: 2927: 531: 187: 105: 4661: 4430: 4228: 3933: 3868: 3804: 3758: 3339: 3215: 2667: 2642: 2258: 1074:), as different types of vertices necessarily have different orbits, but not vice versa. Setting 694: 611: 536: 458: 358: 3880: 3201: 419: 163: 117:
have been widely used since antiquity. The first systematic mathematical treatment was that of
3239: 655: 577: 5156: 4706: 4633: 4476: 4259: 4156: 4137: 4118: 4055: 3958: 3896: 3539: 3456:"GomJau-Hogg's Notation for Automatic Generation of k-Uniform Tessellations with ANTWERP v3.0" 3353: 743: 354: 257: 199: 183: 4159: 4140: 3725: 750:, one has 6 polygons, three have 5 polygons, seven have 4 polygons, and ten have 3 polygons. 316: 289: 262: 5186: 5001: 4966: 4643: 4607: 4552: 4518: 4471: 4445: 4434: 4349: 4321: 4264: 4238: 4233: 4033: 3991: 3946: 3919: 3860: 3829: 3796: 3485: 3475: 3434: 3426: 3289: 3269: 2484: 2462: 284: 124: 3843: 3430: 3230: 17: 4547: 4371: 4281: 3839: 3682: 3613: 3374: 3334: 3160: 3146: 2814: 2415: 2371: 2251: 1066:. In general, the uniformity is greater than or equal to the number of types of vertices ( 1034: 118: 113: 3982:
Préa, P. (1997). "Distance sequences and percolation thresholds in Archimedean Tilings".
3471: 251: 4484: 4397: 4366: 4255: 3364: 3343: 3324: 370: 171: 130: 3995: 3834: 3817: 3043: 2872: 683: 644: 605: 5269: 4638: 4602: 4402: 4390: 4248: 3950: 3923: 3884: 3872: 3274: 747: 311: 4103: 3762: 3603: 3192: 4537: 4274: 4204: 4047: 3749:
Chavey, Darrah (2014). "TILINGS BY REGULAR POLYGONS III: DODECAGON-DENSE TILINGS".
3329: 525: 447: 408: 379: 305: 109: 4121: 4087: 486: 1033:-uniform tilings with the same vertex figures can be further identified by their 4523: 3650: 566: 278: 3787:
Grünbaum, Branko; Shephard, Geoffrey C. (1977). "Tilings by regular polygons".
4592: 3889: 746:. Polygons in these meet at a point with no gap or overlap. Listing by their 4612: 4597: 4513: 4489: 4164: 4145: 4126: 4075: 3626: 3034: 2863: 3025: 2854: 2756: 2733: 2662: 2637: 2547: 2527: 2504: 2479: 2457: 2388: 2280: 1136: 1052:
Finally, if the number of types of vertices is the same as the uniformity (
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There are 17 combinations of regular convex polygons that form 21 types of
676: 228: 3016: 2845: 2710: 2687: 2592: 2567: 2410: 2366: 2346: 2324: 2302: 1127: 637: 598: 559: 518: 479: 440: 401: 242: 235: 182:
of the tiling, where a flag is a triple consisting of a mutually incident
69: 50: 37: 4381: 3851:
Debroey, I.; Landuyt, F. (1981). "Equitransitive edge-to-edge tilings".
3480: 3455: 3864: 3808: 3490: 203: 4307: 3439: 3125: 3116: 3083: 3074: 3065: 3056: 3042: 3033: 3024: 3015: 2912: 2903: 2894: 2885: 2871: 2862: 2853: 2844: 726:
Grünbaum and Shephard distinguish the description of these tilings as
3415:"Generation and Nomenclature of Tessellations and Double-Layer Grids" 3800: 1141:
by 4-isohedral positions, 3 shaded colors of triangles (by orbits)
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Gomez-Jauregui, Valentin al.; Otero, Cesar; et al. (2012).
758: 4569: 4419: 4319: 4215: 4177: 4173: 3454:
Gomez-Jauregui, Valentin; Hogg, Harrison; et al. (2021).
4004: 3957:
Order in Space: A design source book, Keith Critchlow, 1970
3934:"Tilings by Regular Polygons—II: A Catalog of Tilings" 3655:"Sequence A068599 (Number of n-uniform tilings.)" 3654: 3506: 1062: 85:
types of vertices, and two or more types of regular faces.
27:
Subdivision of the plane into polygons that are all regular
4005:"Symmetry-type graphs of Platonic and Archimedean solids" 2813:-uniform tilings. For example, notice that the 2-uniform 995:
Such periodic tilings may be classified by the number of
3818:"The ninety-one types of isogonal tilings in the plane" 1132:
by sides, yellow triangles, red squares (by polygons)
95: 3408: 3406: 2963: 2930: 1146: 3163:
tilings by non-edge-to-edge convex regular polygons
3157: 4725: 4652: 4621: 4583: 4022:"Minimal Covers of the Archimedean Tilings, Part 1" 166:and Shephard (section 1.3), a tiling is said to be 3932: 3888: 2979: 2946: 1045:of distinct vertex figures, which are also called 357:means that for every pair of vertices there is a 3683:"Enumeration of n-uniform k-Archimedean tilings" 3518: 3516: 4189: 3939:Computers & Mathematics with Applications 3541:The Elements of Plane Practical Geometry, Etc 8: 3527:. London: Thames and Hudson. pp. 60–61. 2924:The side lengths are dilated by a factor of 999:of vertices, edges and tiles. If there are 4020:Pellicer, Daniel; Williams, Gordon (2012). 3968:Sommerville, Duncan MacLaren Young (1958). 344:Archimedean, uniform or semiregular tilings 122: 4580: 4566: 4416: 4316: 4212: 4196: 4182: 4174: 3816:Grünbaum, Branko; Shephard, G. C. (1978). 3505:Hogg, Harrison; Gomez-Jauregui, Valentin. 3206:Rows of triangles with horizontal offsets 1117:Below is an example of a 3-unifom tiling: 29: 4507:Dividing a square into similar rectangles 4037: 3833: 3661:On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences 3489: 3479: 3438: 2970: 2962: 2937: 2929: 1124: 1003:orbits of vertices, a tiling is known as 556: 398: 3399:. Stradbroke (UK): Tarquin Publications. 3197:Rows of squares with horizontal offsets 3099: 2990: 2819: 2264: 770: 388: 361:mapping the first vertex to the second. 212: 98:can have different-sized regular faces. 4026:The Electronic Journal of Combinatorics 3708:, Grünbaum and Shephard 1986, pp. 65-67 3544:, John W. Parker & Son, p. 134 3387: 3235:Six triangles surround every hexagon. 3226:Three hexagons surround each triangle 2805:There are many ways of generating new 1521: 1458: 1397: 1338: 1281: 1060:below), then the tiling is said to be 762: 718:C&R: Cundy & Rollet's notation 335:C&R: Cundy & Rollet's notation 75: 2248:of the Euclidean plane. (also called 1159: 194:regular polygons. There must be six 7: 4071:Euclidean and general tiling links: 3607:-uniform tilings by regular polygons 3525:Order in Space: A Design Source Book 754: 43: 3970:An Introduction to the Geometry of 3687:zenorogue.github.io/tes-catalog/?c= 3395:Cundy, H.M.; Rollett, A.P. (1981). 3315:Uniform tilings in hyperbolic plane 1121:Colored 3-uniform tiling #57 of 61 757:(6, 4, 3), and eight more can make 3719:"In Search of Demiregular Tilings" 3431:10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000532 759:semiregular or archimedean tilings 378:tilings. Note that there are two 63:, but two or more types of faces. 25: 3835:10.1090/S0002-9947-1978-0496813-3 3419:Journal of Structural Engineering 3138:Tilings that are not edge-to-edge 4306: 4299: 3978:Chapter X: The Regular Polytopes 3538:Dallas, Elmslie William (1855), 3238: 3229: 3220: 3209: 3200: 3191: 2755: 2732: 2709: 2686: 2661: 2636: 2591: 2566: 2546: 2526: 2503: 2478: 2456: 2409: 2387: 2365: 2345: 2323: 2301: 2279: 1135: 1126: 1086:, there are 11 such tilings for 975: 966: 957: 948: 939: 930: 921: 912: 903: 894: 880: 871: 862: 853: 844: 835: 826: 812: 803: 794: 780: 682: 675: 643: 636: 604: 597: 565: 558: 524: 517: 485: 478: 446: 439: 407: 400: 304: 277: 250: 241: 234: 227: 88: 68: 49: 36: 2673:4-3,3,3-4,3/r(c2)/r(h13)/r(h45) 3108:Truncated Trihexagonal Tiling 350:List of convex uniform tilings 46:has one type of regular face. 1: 4532:Regular Division of the Plane 4052:Introduction to Tessellations 3996:10.1016/S0895-7177(97)00216-1 3895:. W. H. Freeman and Company. 3584:American Mathematical Society 3011: 3010: 2980:{\displaystyle 3+{\sqrt {3}}} 2947:{\displaystyle 2+{\sqrt {3}}} 2840: 2839: 974: 965: 956: 947: 938: 929: 920: 911: 902: 893: 879: 870: 861: 852: 843: 834: 825: 811: 802: 793: 779: 722:GJ-H: Notation of GomJau-Hogg 339:GJ-H: Notation of GomJau-Hogg 141:Notation of Euclidean tilings 57:semiregular or uniform tiling 3951:10.1016/0898-1221(89)90156-9 3924:10.1016/0097-3165(87)90063-X 3751:Symmetry-Culture and Science 3145:There are seven families of 1155:-Archimedean tiling counts 1110:= 6; and 7 such tilings for 889: 821: 789: 775: 393: 248: 225: 4440:Architectonic and catoptric 4338:Aperiodic set of prototiles 3776:Tilings by regular polygons 3105:Truncated Hexagonal Tiling 208:three regular tessellations 18:Tilings of regular polygons 5302: 4160:"Demiregular tessellation" 4141:"Semiregular tessellation" 3651:Sloane, N. J. A. 3580:"Pentagon-Decagon Packing" 3285:Truncated hexagonal tiling 3189: 2809:-uniform tilings from old 2634: 2614: 2578:6-3,4-6-3,4-6,4/m90/r(c6) 2454: 2431: 2277: 2269: 1219: 1161: 347: 206:at a vertex, yielding the 66: 34: 4579: 4565: 4426: 4415: 4328: 4315: 4297: 4224: 4211: 3268: 3260: 3190: 2270: 2152: 2097: 2042: 1987: 1918: 1849: 1782: 1715: 1650: 1585: 1520: 1457: 1396: 1337: 1280: 1225: 1106:= 5; 10 such tilings for 1102:= 4; 15 such tilings for 1098:= 3; 33 such tilings for 1094:= 2; 39 such tilings for 1090:= 1; 20 such tilings for 1019:-isohedral; if there are 394: 218: 31:Example periodic tilings 5276:Euclidean plane geometry 3984:Mathl. Comput. Modelling 1011:-isogonal; if there are 135:The Harmony of the World 3320:List of uniform tilings 3280:Truncated square tiling 2765:4-3-3-3/m90/r(h7)/r(h5) 2418:12-0,3,3-0,4/m45/m(h1) 2266:2-uniform tilings (20) 753:Three of them can make 96:non-edge-to-edge tiling 4104:"Semi-Regular Tilings" 3523:Critchlow, K. (1969). 3370:Tiling with rectangles 3350:Semiregular polyhedron 3130: 3121: 3088: 3079: 3070: 3061: 3047: 3038: 3029: 3020: 2981: 2948: 2917: 2908: 2899: 2890: 2876: 2867: 2858: 2849: 2244:There are twenty (20) 1049:-Archimedean tilings. 123: 4003:Kovic, Jurij (2011). 3976:. Dover Publications. 3631:probabilitysports.com 3244:Three size triangles 3129: 3120: 3096:Fractalizing examples 3087: 3078: 3069: 3060: 3046: 3037: 3028: 3019: 2982: 2949: 2916: 2907: 2898: 2889: 2875: 2866: 2857: 2848: 2696:4-3/m(h4)/m(h3)/r(h2) 772:Plane-vertex tilings 348:Further information: 196:equilateral triangles 3891:Tilings and Patterns 3822:Trans. Am. Math. Soc 3706:Tilings and patterns 3567:Tilings and patterns 3557:, Figure 2.1.1, p.60 3555:Tilings and patterns 3397:Mathematical Models; 3310:Grid (spatial index) 2961: 2928: 2648:4-3,3-4,3/r90/m(h3) 2513:6-3-3,3-3/r60/r(h8) 2352:6-4-3,4-6/m30/r(c4) 1023:orbits of edges, as 1015:orbits of tiles, as 744:plane-vertex tilings 738:Plane-vertex tilings 390:Uniform tilings (8) 214:Regular tilings (3) 3931:Chavey, D. (1989). 3853:Geometriae Dedicata 3627:"n-Uniform Tilings" 3616:Nils Lenngren, 2009 3481:10.3390/sym13122376 3472:2021Symm...13.2376G 3360:Hyperbolic geometry 3295:Trihexagonal tiling 3216:A tiling by squares 3164: 2742:4-3,4-3,3/m90/r(h3) 2396:12-3,4-3/m30/r(c3) 2374:12-4,6-3/m30/r(c3) 2267: 2259:demiregular tilings 1156: 1122: 773: 391: 382:(enantiomorphic or 355:Vertex-transitivity 215: 188:edge-to-edge tiling 32: 4157:Weisstein, Eric W. 4138:Weisstein, Eric W. 4119:Weisstein, Eric W. 3865:10.1007/BF00183189 3612:2015-06-30 at the 3507:< "Antwerp 3.0" 3354:Archimedean solids 3340:Regular polyhedron 3158: 3131: 3122: 3089: 3080: 3071: 3062: 3048: 3039: 3030: 3021: 2977: 2944: 2918: 2909: 2900: 2891: 2877: 2868: 2859: 2850: 2490:6-3,3-3/m30/r(h1) 2332:6-4-3-3/m30/r(h5) 2265: 1147: 1120: 771: 389: 359:symmetry operation 213: 30: 5263: 5262: 5259: 5258: 5255: 5254: 4561: 4560: 4452:Computer graphics 4411: 4410: 4295: 4294: 4084:"Uniform Tilings" 4076:n-uniform tilings 4046:Dale Seymour and 3990:(8–10): 317–320. 3963:978-0-670-52830-1 3912:J. Comb. Theory A 3664:. OEIS Foundation 3300: 3299: 3135: 3134: 3093: 3092: 2975: 2942: 2922: 2921: 2779: 2778: 2719:4-4-3-3/m90/r(h3) 2310:6-4-3,3/m30/r(h1) 2246:2-uniform tilings 2240:2-uniform tilings 2237: 2236: 1145: 1144: 985: 984: 715: 714: 617:4-3-3,4/r90/r(h2) 332: 331: 202:or three regular 176:acts transitively 102: 101: 16:(Redirected from 5293: 4581: 4567: 4519:Conway criterion 4446:Circle Limit III 4417: 4350:Einstein problem 4317: 4310: 4303: 4239:Schwarz triangle 4213: 4198: 4191: 4184: 4175: 4170: 4169: 4151: 4150: 4132: 4131: 4113: 4111: 4110: 4098: 4096: 4095: 4086:. Archived from 4078:, Brian Galebach 4062:, pp. 50–57 4043: 4041: 4016: 3999: 3977: 3954: 3936: 3927: 3906: 3894: 3881:Grünbaum, Branko 3876: 3847: 3837: 3812: 3779: 3773: 3767: 3766: 3746: 3740: 3739: 3737: 3736: 3730: 3724:. Archived from 3723: 3715: 3709: 3703: 3697: 3696: 3694: 3693: 3679: 3673: 3672: 3670: 3669: 3647: 3641: 3640: 3638: 3637: 3623: 3617: 3601: 3595: 3594: 3592: 3591: 3576: 3570: 3564: 3558: 3552: 3546: 3545: 3535: 3529: 3528: 3520: 3511: 3510: 3502: 3496: 3495: 3493: 3483: 3451: 3445: 3444: 3442: 3410: 3401: 3400: 3392: 3290:Hexagonal tiling 3270:Hexagonal tiling 3242: 3233: 3224: 3213: 3204: 3195: 3165: 3100: 2991: 2986: 2984: 2983: 2978: 2976: 2971: 2953: 2951: 2950: 2945: 2943: 2938: 2820: 2801:-uniform tilings 2786:-uniform tilings 2759: 2736: 2713: 2690: 2665: 2640: 2601:6-3,4/m90/r(h4) 2595: 2570: 2553:6-3,6/m90/r(h3) 2550: 2530: 2507: 2482: 2460: 2413: 2391: 2369: 2349: 2327: 2305: 2288:3-4-3/m30/r(c3) 2283: 2268: 1157: 1139: 1130: 1123: 1026: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1010: 1006: 1002: 991:-uniform tilings 979: 970: 961: 952: 943: 934: 925: 916: 907: 898: 884: 875: 866: 857: 848: 839: 830: 816: 807: 798: 784: 774: 766:-uniform tilings 686: 679: 647: 640: 608: 601: 569: 562: 528: 521: 498:12-6,4/m30/r(c2) 489: 482: 450: 443: 411: 404: 392: 308: 281: 254: 245: 238: 231: 216: 128: 125:Harmonices Mundi 114:regular polygons 92: 72: 53: 40: 33: 21: 5301: 5300: 5296: 5295: 5294: 5292: 5291: 5290: 5281:Regular tilings 5266: 5265: 5264: 5251: 4728: 4721: 4654: 4648: 4617: 4575: 4557: 4422: 4407: 4324: 4311: 4305: 4304: 4291: 4282:Wallpaper group 4220: 4207: 4202: 4155: 4154: 4136: 4135: 4117: 4116: 4108: 4106: 4101: 4093: 4091: 4081: 4069: 4019: 4002: 3981: 3967: 3930: 3909: 3903: 3885:Shephard, G. C. 3879: 3850: 3815: 3801:10.2307/2689529 3786: 3783: 3782: 3774: 3770: 3748: 3747: 3743: 3734: 3732: 3728: 3721: 3717: 3716: 3712: 3704: 3700: 3691: 3689: 3681: 3680: 3676: 3667: 3665: 3649: 3648: 3644: 3635: 3633: 3625: 3624: 3620: 3614:Wayback Machine 3602: 3598: 3589: 3587: 3578: 3577: 3573: 3565: 3561: 3553: 3549: 3537: 3536: 3532: 3522: 3521: 3514: 3504: 3503: 3499: 3453: 3452: 3448: 3412: 3411: 3404: 3394: 3393: 3389: 3384: 3379: 3375:Lattice (group) 3352:(including the 3344:Platonic solids 3335:Wallpaper group 3305: 3243: 3234: 3225: 3214: 3205: 3196: 3140: 3098: 3006: 2988: 2959: 2958: 2926: 2925: 2835: 2803: 2788: 2766: 2764: 2763: 2760: 2743: 2741: 2740: 2737: 2720: 2718: 2717: 2714: 2697: 2695: 2694: 2691: 2674: 2672: 2670: 2666: 2649: 2647: 2645: 2641: 2602: 2600: 2599: 2596: 2579: 2577: 2576: 2571: 2554: 2552: 2551: 2534: 2532: 2531: 2514: 2512: 2511: 2508: 2491: 2489: 2487: 2483: 2466: 2464: 2461: 2419: 2417: 2414: 2397: 2395: 2392: 2375: 2373: 2370: 2353: 2351: 2350: 2333: 2331: 2328: 2311: 2309: 2306: 2289: 2287: 2284: 2242: 1140: 1131: 1035:wallpaper group 1024: 1020: 1016: 1012: 1008: 1004: 1000: 993: 980: 971: 962: 953: 944: 935: 926: 917: 908: 899: 885: 876: 867: 858: 849: 840: 831: 817: 808: 799: 785: 755:regular tilings 740: 725: 724: 720: 707: 697: 695:6-3-3/r60/r(h5) 692: 687: 681: 680: 668: 658: 653: 648: 642: 641: 629: 619: 614: 609: 603: 602: 590: 580: 575: 570: 564: 563: 549: 539: 537:6-3-6/m30/r(v4) 534: 529: 523: 522: 510: 500: 495: 490: 484: 483: 471: 461: 459:6-4-3/m30/r(c2) 456: 451: 445: 444: 432: 422: 417: 412: 406: 405: 352: 346: 337: 319: 314: 309: 292: 287: 282: 265: 260: 255: 160: 158:Regular tilings 143: 93: 79:-uniform tiling 73: 54: 41: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5299: 5297: 5289: 5288: 5283: 5278: 5268: 5267: 5261: 5260: 5257: 5256: 5253: 5252: 5250: 5249: 5244: 5239: 5234: 5229: 5224: 5219: 5214: 5209: 5204: 5199: 5194: 5189: 5184: 5179: 5174: 5169: 5164: 5159: 5154: 5149: 5144: 5139: 5134: 5129: 5124: 5119: 5114: 5109: 5104: 5099: 5094: 5089: 5084: 5079: 5074: 5069: 5064: 5059: 5054: 5049: 5044: 5039: 5034: 5029: 5024: 5019: 5014: 5009: 5004: 4999: 4994: 4989: 4984: 4979: 4974: 4969: 4964: 4959: 4954: 4949: 4944: 4939: 4934: 4929: 4924: 4919: 4914: 4909: 4904: 4899: 4894: 4889: 4884: 4879: 4874: 4869: 4864: 4859: 4854: 4849: 4844: 4839: 4834: 4829: 4824: 4819: 4814: 4809: 4804: 4799: 4794: 4789: 4784: 4779: 4774: 4769: 4764: 4759: 4754: 4749: 4744: 4739: 4733: 4731: 4723: 4722: 4720: 4719: 4714: 4709: 4704: 4699: 4694: 4689: 4684: 4679: 4674: 4669: 4664: 4658: 4656: 4650: 4649: 4647: 4646: 4641: 4636: 4631: 4625: 4623: 4619: 4618: 4616: 4615: 4610: 4605: 4600: 4595: 4589: 4587: 4577: 4576: 4570: 4563: 4562: 4559: 4558: 4556: 4555: 4550: 4545: 4540: 4535: 4528: 4527: 4526: 4521: 4511: 4510: 4509: 4504: 4499: 4494: 4493: 4492: 4479: 4474: 4469: 4464: 4459: 4454: 4449: 4442: 4437: 4427: 4424: 4423: 4420: 4413: 4412: 4409: 4408: 4406: 4405: 4400: 4395: 4394: 4393: 4379: 4374: 4369: 4364: 4359: 4358: 4357: 4355:Socolar–Taylor 4347: 4346: 4345: 4335: 4333:Ammann–Beenker 4329: 4326: 4325: 4320: 4313: 4312: 4298: 4296: 4293: 4292: 4290: 4289: 4284: 4279: 4278: 4277: 4272: 4267: 4256:Uniform tiling 4253: 4252: 4251: 4241: 4236: 4231: 4225: 4222: 4221: 4216: 4209: 4208: 4203: 4201: 4200: 4193: 4186: 4178: 4172: 4171: 4152: 4133: 4122:"Tessellation" 4114: 4099: 4082:Dutch, Steve. 4079: 4068: 4067:External links 4065: 4064: 4063: 4060:978-0866514613 4044: 4017: 4000: 3979: 3965: 3955: 3928: 3918:(1): 110–119. 3907: 3901: 3877: 3848: 3813: 3795:(5): 227–247. 3781: 3780: 3768: 3757:(3): 193–210. 3741: 3710: 3698: 3674: 3642: 3618: 3596: 3571: 3559: 3547: 3530: 3512: 3497: 3446: 3425:(7): 843–852. 3402: 3386: 3385: 3383: 3380: 3378: 3377: 3372: 3367: 3365:Penrose tiling 3362: 3357: 3347: 3337: 3332: 3327: 3325:Wythoff symbol 3322: 3317: 3312: 3306: 3304: 3301: 3298: 3297: 3292: 3287: 3282: 3277: 3272: 3266: 3265: 3262: 3259: 3256: 3253: 3250: 3246: 3245: 3236: 3227: 3218: 3207: 3198: 3188: 3187: 3184: 3181: 3178: 3175: 3172: 3169: 3139: 3136: 3133: 3132: 3123: 3114: 3110: 3109: 3106: 3103: 3097: 3094: 3091: 3090: 3081: 3072: 3063: 3054: 3050: 3049: 3040: 3031: 3022: 3013: 3009: 3008: 3003: 3000: 2997: 2994: 2974: 2969: 2966: 2941: 2936: 2933: 2920: 2919: 2910: 2901: 2892: 2883: 2879: 2878: 2869: 2860: 2851: 2842: 2838: 2837: 2832: 2829: 2826: 2823: 2802: 2795: 2787: 2780: 2777: 2776: 2761: 2753: 2738: 2730: 2715: 2707: 2692: 2684: 2668: 2659: 2643: 2633: 2632: 2629: 2626: 2623: 2620: 2617: 2613: 2612: 2597: 2589: 2574: 2564: 2544: 2533:6-3/m90/r(h1) 2524: 2509: 2501: 2485: 2476: 2465:3-6/m30/r(c2) 2453: 2452: 2449: 2446: 2443: 2440: 2437: 2434: 2430: 2429: 2407: 2385: 2363: 2343: 2321: 2299: 2276: 2275: 2272: 2241: 2238: 2235: 2234: 2229: 2224: 2219: 2214: 2209: 2204: 2199: 2194: 2189: 2184: 2179: 2174: 2169: 2164: 2159: 2154: 2150: 2149: 2146: 2141: 2138: 2135: 2132: 2129: 2126: 2123: 2120: 2117: 2114: 2111: 2108: 2105: 2102: 2099: 2095: 2094: 2091: 2088: 2085: 2082: 2079: 2074: 2071: 2068: 2065: 2062: 2059: 2056: 2053: 2050: 2047: 2044: 2040: 2039: 2036: 2033: 2030: 2027: 2024: 2019: 2016: 2013: 2010: 2007: 2004: 2001: 1998: 1995: 1992: 1989: 1985: 1984: 1981: 1978: 1975: 1972: 1969: 1966: 1963: 1958: 1953: 1948: 1943: 1938: 1933: 1928: 1923: 1920: 1916: 1915: 1912: 1909: 1906: 1903: 1900: 1897: 1894: 1889: 1884: 1879: 1874: 1869: 1864: 1859: 1854: 1851: 1847: 1846: 1843: 1840: 1837: 1834: 1831: 1828: 1825: 1822: 1817: 1812: 1807: 1802: 1797: 1792: 1787: 1784: 1780: 1779: 1776: 1773: 1770: 1767: 1764: 1761: 1758: 1755: 1750: 1745: 1740: 1735: 1730: 1725: 1720: 1717: 1713: 1712: 1709: 1706: 1703: 1700: 1697: 1694: 1691: 1688: 1685: 1680: 1675: 1670: 1665: 1660: 1655: 1652: 1648: 1647: 1644: 1641: 1638: 1635: 1632: 1629: 1626: 1623: 1620: 1615: 1610: 1605: 1600: 1595: 1590: 1587: 1583: 1582: 1579: 1576: 1573: 1570: 1567: 1564: 1561: 1558: 1555: 1552: 1547: 1542: 1537: 1532: 1527: 1524: 1518: 1517: 1514: 1511: 1508: 1505: 1502: 1499: 1496: 1493: 1490: 1487: 1484: 1479: 1474: 1469: 1464: 1461: 1455: 1454: 1451: 1448: 1445: 1442: 1439: 1436: 1433: 1430: 1427: 1424: 1421: 1418: 1413: 1408: 1403: 1400: 1394: 1393: 1390: 1387: 1384: 1381: 1378: 1375: 1372: 1369: 1366: 1363: 1360: 1357: 1354: 1349: 1344: 1341: 1335: 1334: 1331: 1328: 1325: 1322: 1319: 1316: 1313: 1310: 1307: 1304: 1301: 1298: 1295: 1292: 1287: 1284: 1278: 1277: 1274: 1271: 1268: 1265: 1262: 1259: 1256: 1253: 1250: 1247: 1244: 1241: 1238: 1235: 1232: 1227: 1224: 1217: 1216: 1213: 1210: 1207: 1204: 1201: 1198: 1195: 1192: 1189: 1186: 1183: 1180: 1177: 1174: 1171: 1167: 1166: 1160: 1143: 1142: 1133: 992: 986: 983: 982: 973: 964: 955: 946: 937: 928: 919: 910: 901: 892: 888: 887: 878: 869: 860: 851: 842: 833: 824: 820: 819: 810: 801: 792: 788: 787: 778: 748:vertex figures 739: 736: 713: 712: 673: 634: 595: 555: 554: 515: 476: 437: 420:12-3/m30/r(h3) 397: 396: 345: 342: 330: 329: 302: 275: 247: 246: 239: 232: 224: 223: 220: 174:of the tiling 172:symmetry group 159: 156: 142: 139: 100: 99: 86: 65: 64: 61:type of vertex 47: 44:regular tiling 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5298: 5287: 5284: 5282: 5279: 5277: 5274: 5273: 5271: 5248: 5245: 5243: 5240: 5238: 5235: 5233: 5230: 5228: 5225: 5223: 5220: 5218: 5215: 5213: 5210: 5208: 5205: 5203: 5200: 5198: 5195: 5193: 5190: 5188: 5185: 5183: 5180: 5178: 5175: 5173: 5170: 5168: 5165: 5163: 5160: 5158: 5155: 5153: 5150: 5148: 5145: 5143: 5140: 5138: 5135: 5133: 5130: 5128: 5125: 5123: 5120: 5118: 5115: 5113: 5110: 5108: 5105: 5103: 5100: 5098: 5095: 5093: 5090: 5088: 5085: 5083: 5080: 5078: 5075: 5073: 5070: 5068: 5065: 5063: 5060: 5058: 5055: 5053: 5050: 5048: 5045: 5043: 5040: 5038: 5035: 5033: 5030: 5028: 5025: 5023: 5020: 5018: 5015: 5013: 5010: 5008: 5005: 5003: 5000: 4998: 4995: 4993: 4990: 4988: 4985: 4983: 4980: 4978: 4975: 4973: 4970: 4968: 4965: 4963: 4960: 4958: 4955: 4953: 4950: 4948: 4945: 4943: 4940: 4938: 4935: 4933: 4930: 4928: 4925: 4923: 4920: 4918: 4915: 4913: 4910: 4908: 4905: 4903: 4900: 4898: 4895: 4893: 4890: 4888: 4885: 4883: 4880: 4878: 4875: 4873: 4870: 4868: 4865: 4863: 4860: 4858: 4855: 4853: 4850: 4848: 4845: 4843: 4840: 4838: 4835: 4833: 4830: 4828: 4825: 4823: 4820: 4818: 4815: 4813: 4810: 4808: 4805: 4803: 4800: 4798: 4795: 4793: 4790: 4788: 4785: 4783: 4780: 4778: 4775: 4773: 4770: 4768: 4765: 4763: 4760: 4758: 4755: 4753: 4750: 4748: 4745: 4743: 4740: 4738: 4735: 4734: 4732: 4730: 4724: 4718: 4715: 4713: 4710: 4708: 4705: 4703: 4700: 4698: 4695: 4693: 4690: 4688: 4685: 4683: 4680: 4678: 4675: 4673: 4670: 4668: 4665: 4663: 4660: 4659: 4657: 4651: 4645: 4642: 4640: 4637: 4635: 4632: 4630: 4627: 4626: 4624: 4620: 4614: 4611: 4609: 4606: 4604: 4601: 4599: 4596: 4594: 4591: 4590: 4588: 4586: 4582: 4578: 4574: 4568: 4564: 4554: 4551: 4549: 4546: 4544: 4541: 4539: 4536: 4534: 4533: 4529: 4525: 4522: 4520: 4517: 4516: 4515: 4512: 4508: 4505: 4503: 4500: 4498: 4495: 4491: 4488: 4487: 4486: 4483: 4482: 4480: 4478: 4475: 4473: 4470: 4468: 4465: 4463: 4460: 4458: 4455: 4453: 4450: 4448: 4447: 4443: 4441: 4438: 4436: 4432: 4429: 4428: 4425: 4418: 4414: 4404: 4401: 4399: 4396: 4392: 4389: 4388: 4387: 4383: 4380: 4378: 4375: 4373: 4370: 4368: 4365: 4363: 4360: 4356: 4353: 4352: 4351: 4348: 4344: 4341: 4340: 4339: 4336: 4334: 4331: 4330: 4327: 4323: 4318: 4314: 4309: 4302: 4288: 4285: 4283: 4280: 4276: 4273: 4271: 4268: 4266: 4263: 4262: 4261: 4257: 4254: 4250: 4247: 4246: 4245: 4242: 4240: 4237: 4235: 4232: 4230: 4227: 4226: 4223: 4219: 4214: 4210: 4206: 4199: 4194: 4192: 4187: 4185: 4180: 4179: 4176: 4167: 4166: 4161: 4158: 4153: 4148: 4147: 4142: 4139: 4134: 4129: 4128: 4123: 4120: 4115: 4105: 4102:Mitchell, K. 4100: 4090:on 2006-09-09 4089: 4085: 4080: 4077: 4074: 4073: 4072: 4066: 4061: 4057: 4053: 4049: 4045: 4040: 4039:10.37236/2512 4035: 4031: 4027: 4023: 4018: 4015:(2): 491–507. 4014: 4010: 4006: 4001: 3997: 3993: 3989: 3985: 3980: 3975: 3973: 3966: 3964: 3960: 3956: 3952: 3948: 3944: 3940: 3935: 3929: 3925: 3921: 3917: 3913: 3908: 3904: 3902:0-7167-1193-1 3898: 3893: 3892: 3886: 3882: 3878: 3874: 3870: 3866: 3862: 3858: 3854: 3849: 3845: 3841: 3836: 3831: 3827: 3823: 3819: 3814: 3810: 3806: 3802: 3798: 3794: 3790: 3785: 3784: 3777: 3772: 3769: 3764: 3760: 3756: 3752: 3745: 3742: 3731:on 2016-05-07 3727: 3720: 3714: 3711: 3707: 3702: 3699: 3688: 3684: 3678: 3675: 3663: 3662: 3656: 3652: 3646: 3643: 3632: 3628: 3622: 3619: 3615: 3611: 3608: 3606: 3600: 3597: 3585: 3581: 3575: 3572: 3568: 3563: 3560: 3556: 3551: 3548: 3543: 3542: 3534: 3531: 3526: 3519: 3517: 3513: 3508: 3501: 3498: 3492: 3487: 3482: 3477: 3473: 3469: 3465: 3461: 3457: 3450: 3447: 3441: 3436: 3432: 3428: 3424: 3420: 3416: 3409: 3407: 3403: 3398: 3391: 3388: 3381: 3376: 3373: 3371: 3368: 3366: 3363: 3361: 3358: 3355: 3351: 3348: 3345: 3341: 3338: 3336: 3333: 3331: 3328: 3326: 3323: 3321: 3318: 3316: 3313: 3311: 3308: 3307: 3302: 3296: 3293: 3291: 3288: 3286: 3283: 3281: 3278: 3276: 3275:Square tiling 3273: 3271: 3267: 3263: 3257: 3254: 3251: 3248: 3247: 3241: 3237: 3232: 3228: 3223: 3219: 3217: 3212: 3208: 3203: 3199: 3194: 3185: 3182: 3179: 3176: 3173: 3170: 3167: 3166: 3162: 3156: 3153: 3148: 3143: 3137: 3128: 3124: 3119: 3115: 3113:Fractalizing 3112: 3111: 3107: 3104: 3102: 3101: 3095: 3086: 3082: 3077: 3073: 3068: 3064: 3059: 3055: 3053:Fractalizing 3052: 3051: 3045: 3041: 3036: 3032: 3027: 3023: 3018: 3014: 3004: 3001: 2998: 2995: 2993: 2992: 2989: 2972: 2967: 2964: 2955: 2939: 2934: 2931: 2915: 2911: 2906: 2902: 2897: 2893: 2888: 2884: 2882:Fractalizing 2881: 2880: 2874: 2870: 2865: 2861: 2856: 2852: 2847: 2843: 2833: 2830: 2827: 2824: 2822: 2821: 2818: 2815: 2812: 2808: 2800: 2797:Fractalizing 2796: 2794: 2792: 2785: 2781: 2774: 2770: 2758: 2754: 2751: 2747: 2735: 2731: 2728: 2724: 2712: 2708: 2705: 2701: 2689: 2685: 2682: 2678: 2671: 2664: 2660: 2657: 2653: 2646: 2639: 2635: 2630: 2627: 2624: 2621: 2618: 2615: 2610: 2606: 2594: 2590: 2587: 2583: 2573: 2569: 2565: 2562: 2558: 2549: 2545: 2542: 2538: 2529: 2525: 2522: 2518: 2506: 2502: 2499: 2495: 2488: 2481: 2477: 2474: 2470: 2463: 2459: 2455: 2450: 2447: 2444: 2441: 2438: 2435: 2432: 2427: 2423: 2416: 2412: 2408: 2405: 2401: 2394: 2390: 2386: 2383: 2379: 2372: 2368: 2364: 2361: 2357: 2348: 2344: 2341: 2337: 2330: 2326: 2322: 2319: 2315: 2308: 2304: 2300: 2297: 2293: 2286: 2282: 2278: 2273: 2263: 2261: 2260: 2255: 2253: 2247: 2239: 2233: 2230: 2228: 2225: 2223: 2220: 2218: 2215: 2213: 2210: 2208: 2205: 2203: 2200: 2198: 2195: 2193: 2190: 2188: 2185: 2183: 2180: 2178: 2175: 2173: 2170: 2168: 2165: 2163: 2160: 2158: 2155: 2151: 2147: 2145: 2142: 2139: 2136: 2133: 2130: 2127: 2124: 2121: 2118: 2115: 2112: 2109: 2106: 2103: 2100: 2096: 2092: 2089: 2086: 2083: 2080: 2078: 2075: 2072: 2069: 2066: 2063: 2060: 2057: 2054: 2051: 2048: 2045: 2041: 2037: 2034: 2031: 2028: 2025: 2023: 2020: 2017: 2014: 2011: 2008: 2005: 2002: 1999: 1996: 1993: 1990: 1986: 1982: 1979: 1976: 1973: 1970: 1967: 1964: 1962: 1959: 1957: 1954: 1952: 1949: 1947: 1944: 1942: 1939: 1937: 1934: 1932: 1929: 1927: 1924: 1921: 1917: 1913: 1910: 1907: 1904: 1901: 1898: 1895: 1893: 1890: 1888: 1885: 1883: 1880: 1878: 1875: 1873: 1870: 1868: 1865: 1863: 1860: 1858: 1855: 1852: 1848: 1844: 1841: 1838: 1835: 1832: 1829: 1826: 1823: 1821: 1818: 1816: 1813: 1811: 1808: 1806: 1803: 1801: 1798: 1796: 1793: 1791: 1788: 1785: 1781: 1777: 1774: 1771: 1768: 1765: 1762: 1759: 1756: 1754: 1751: 1749: 1746: 1744: 1741: 1739: 1736: 1734: 1731: 1729: 1726: 1724: 1721: 1718: 1714: 1710: 1707: 1704: 1701: 1698: 1695: 1692: 1689: 1686: 1684: 1681: 1679: 1676: 1674: 1671: 1669: 1666: 1664: 1661: 1659: 1656: 1653: 1649: 1645: 1642: 1639: 1636: 1633: 1630: 1627: 1624: 1621: 1619: 1616: 1614: 1611: 1609: 1606: 1604: 1601: 1599: 1596: 1594: 1591: 1588: 1584: 1580: 1577: 1574: 1571: 1568: 1565: 1562: 1559: 1556: 1553: 1551: 1548: 1546: 1543: 1541: 1538: 1536: 1533: 1531: 1528: 1525: 1523: 1519: 1515: 1512: 1509: 1506: 1503: 1500: 1497: 1494: 1491: 1488: 1485: 1483: 1480: 1478: 1475: 1473: 1470: 1468: 1465: 1462: 1460: 1456: 1452: 1449: 1446: 1443: 1440: 1437: 1434: 1431: 1428: 1425: 1422: 1419: 1417: 1414: 1412: 1409: 1407: 1404: 1401: 1399: 1395: 1391: 1388: 1385: 1382: 1379: 1376: 1373: 1370: 1367: 1364: 1361: 1358: 1355: 1353: 1350: 1348: 1345: 1342: 1340: 1336: 1332: 1329: 1326: 1323: 1320: 1317: 1314: 1311: 1308: 1305: 1302: 1299: 1296: 1293: 1291: 1288: 1285: 1283: 1279: 1275: 1272: 1269: 1266: 1263: 1260: 1257: 1254: 1251: 1248: 1245: 1242: 1239: 1236: 1233: 1231: 1228: 1222: 1218: 1214: 1211: 1208: 1205: 1202: 1199: 1196: 1193: 1190: 1187: 1184: 1181: 1178: 1175: 1172: 1169: 1168: 1165:-Archimedean 1164: 1158: 1154: 1150: 1138: 1134: 1129: 1125: 1118: 1115: 1113: 1109: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1089: 1085: 1081: 1077: 1073: 1069: 1065: 1064: 1059: 1055: 1050: 1048: 1044: 1038: 1036: 1032: 1028: 998: 990: 987: 978: 969: 960: 951: 942: 933: 924: 915: 906: 897: 890: 883: 874: 865: 856: 847: 838: 829: 822: 815: 806: 797: 790: 783: 776: 769: 767: 765: 760: 756: 751: 749: 745: 737: 735: 733: 729: 723: 719: 710: 705: 701: 696: 691: 685: 678: 674: 672: 666: 662: 657: 656:4-3/m90/r(h2) 652: 646: 639: 635: 632: 627: 623: 618: 613: 607: 600: 596: 593: 588: 584: 579: 578:8-4/m90/r(h4) 574: 568: 561: 557: 552: 547: 543: 538: 533: 527: 520: 516: 513: 508: 504: 499: 494: 488: 481: 477: 474: 469: 465: 460: 455: 449: 442: 438: 435: 430: 426: 421: 416: 410: 403: 399: 387: 385: 381: 377: 373: 372: 367: 362: 360: 356: 351: 343: 341: 340: 336: 327: 323: 318: 313: 307: 303: 300: 296: 291: 286: 280: 276: 273: 269: 264: 259: 253: 249: 244: 240: 237: 233: 230: 226: 221: 217: 211: 209: 205: 201: 197: 193: 189: 185: 181: 177: 173: 169: 165: 157: 155: 151: 147: 140: 138: 136: 132: 127: 126: 120: 116: 115: 111: 107: 97: 91: 87: 84: 80: 78: 71: 67: 62: 58: 52: 48: 45: 39: 35: 19: 5286:Tessellation 4543:Substitution 4538:Regular grid 4530: 4444: 4377:Quaquaversal 4275:Kisrhombille 4217: 4205:Tessellation 4163: 4144: 4125: 4107:. Retrieved 4092:. Retrieved 4088:the original 4070: 4051: 4048:Jill Britton 4029: 4025: 4012: 4009:Math. Commun 4008: 3987: 3983: 3971: 3969: 3942: 3938: 3915: 3911: 3890: 3859:(1): 47–60. 3856: 3852: 3825: 3821: 3792: 3788: 3771: 3754: 3750: 3744: 3733:. Retrieved 3726:the original 3713: 3701: 3690:. Retrieved 3686: 3677: 3666:. Retrieved 3658: 3645: 3634:. Retrieved 3630: 3621: 3604: 3599: 3588:. Retrieved 3583: 3574: 3562: 3550: 3540: 3533: 3524: 3500: 3466:(12): 2376. 3463: 3459: 3449: 3422: 3418: 3396: 3390: 3330:Tessellation 3151: 3144: 3141: 2956: 2923: 2810: 2806: 2804: 2798: 2790: 2789: 2783: 2772: 2768: 2749: 2745: 2726: 2722: 2703: 2699: 2680: 2676: 2655: 2651: 2608: 2604: 2585: 2581: 2560: 2556: 2540: 2536: 2520: 2516: 2497: 2493: 2472: 2468: 2425: 2421: 2403: 2399: 2381: 2377: 2359: 2355: 2339: 2335: 2317: 2313: 2295: 2291: 2257: 2249: 2245: 2243: 2231: 2226: 2221: 2216: 2211: 2206: 2201: 2196: 2191: 2186: 2181: 2176: 2171: 2166: 2161: 2156: 2143: 2076: 2021: 1960: 1955: 1950: 1945: 1940: 1935: 1930: 1925: 1891: 1886: 1881: 1876: 1871: 1866: 1861: 1856: 1819: 1814: 1809: 1804: 1799: 1794: 1789: 1752: 1747: 1742: 1737: 1732: 1727: 1722: 1682: 1677: 1672: 1667: 1662: 1657: 1617: 1612: 1607: 1602: 1597: 1592: 1549: 1544: 1539: 1534: 1529: 1481: 1476: 1471: 1466: 1415: 1410: 1405: 1351: 1346: 1289: 1229: 1220: 1162: 1152: 1148: 1116: 1111: 1107: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1091: 1087: 1083: 1079: 1075: 1071: 1067: 1063:Krotenheerdt 1061: 1057: 1053: 1051: 1046: 1042: 1039: 1030: 1029: 1007:-uniform or 994: 988: 763: 752: 741: 731: 727: 721: 717: 716: 708: 703: 699: 670: 664: 660: 630: 625: 621: 591: 586: 582: 550: 545: 541: 511: 506: 502: 472: 467: 463: 433: 428: 424: 380:mirror image 375: 369: 365: 363: 353: 338: 334: 333: 325: 321: 298: 294: 271: 267: 179: 167: 161: 152: 148: 144: 134: 108: 103: 82: 76: 4573:vertex type 4431:Anisohedral 4386:Self-tiling 4229:Pythagorean 3945:: 147–165. 3828:: 335–353. 3491:10902/23907 3258:p4m (*442) 3255:cmm (2*22) 3249:cmm (2*22) 2451:pmm, *2222 1027:-isotoxal. 728:Archimedean 376:semiregular 366:Archimedean 317:4/m45/r(h1) 290:6/m30/r(h1) 263:3/m30/r(h2) 5270:Categories 4477:Pentagonal 4109:2006-09-09 4094:2006-09-09 4032:(3): #P6. 3974:Dimensions 3735:2015-06-04 3692:2024-08-24 3668:2023-01-07 3636:2019-06-21 3590:2022-03-07 3440:10902/5869 3382:References 3252:p2 (2222) 3007:Dodecagon 2836:Dodecagon 2631:cmm, 2*22 2628:pmm, *2222 2445:pmm, *2222 2274:p4m, *442 1151:-uniform, 1037:symmetry. 818:3.3.3.3.6 809:3.3.3.4.4 800:3.3.4.3.4 395:p6m, *632 222:p4m, *442 219:p6m, *632 162:Following 112:by convex 104:Euclidean 4585:Spherical 4553:Voderberg 4514:Prototile 4481:Problems 4457:Honeycomb 4435:Isohedral 4322:Aperiodic 4260:honeycomb 4244:Rectangle 4234:Rhombille 4165:MathWorld 4146:MathWorld 4127:MathWorld 3873:122636363 3789:Math. Mag 3569:, p.58-69 3264:p3 (333) 3261:p6 (632) 3159:Periodic 3005:Dissected 2996:Triangle 2834:Dissected 2825:Triangle 2625:cmm, 2*22 2622:cmm, 2*22 2448:cmm, 2*22 2442:cmm, 2*22 2433:p6m, *632 2271:p6m, *632 1223:-uniform 841:3.4.3.12 832:3.3.4.12 688:C&R: 649:C&R: 610:C&R: 571:C&R: 530:C&R: 491:C&R: 452:C&R: 413:C&R: 310:C&R: 283:C&R: 256:C&R: 192:congruent 137:, 1619). 4667:V3.4.3.4 4502:Squaring 4497:Heesch's 4462:Isotoxal 4382:Rep-tile 4372:Pinwheel 4265:Coloring 4218:Periodic 4054:, 1989, 3887:(1987). 3763:33928615 3610:Archived 3460:Symmetry 3303:See also 3161:isogonal 3147:isogonal 3002:Hexagon 2831:Hexagon 2619:pgg, 22× 2616:p4g, 4*2 2252:isogonal 936:3.12.12 927:3.10.15 877:3.4.6.4 868:3.4.4.6 850:3.3.6.6 204:hexagons 164:Grünbaum 59:has one 5127:6.4.8.4 5082:5.4.6.4 5042:4.12.16 5032:4.10.12 5002:V4.8.10 4977:V4.6.16 4967:V4.6.14 4867:3.6.4.6 4862:3.4.∞.4 4857:3.4.8.4 4852:3.4.7.4 4847:3.4.6.4 4797:3.∞.3.∞ 4792:3.4.3.4 4787:3.8.3.8 4782:3.7.3.7 4777:3.6.3.8 4772:3.6.3.6 4767:3.5.3.6 4762:3.5.3.5 4757:3.4.3.∞ 4752:3.4.3.8 4747:3.4.3.7 4742:3.4.3.6 4737:3.4.3.5 4692:3.4.6.4 4662:3.4.3.4 4655:regular 4622:Regular 4548:Voronoi 4472:Packing 4403:Truchet 4398:Socolar 4367:Penrose 4362:Gilbert 4287:Wythoff 3844:0496813 3809:2689529 3653:(ed.). 3468:Bibcode 3152:uniform 2999:Square 2828:Square 2782:Higher 2439:p6, 632 2436:p6, 632 2254:tilings 2038:103082 972:5.5.10 954:4.6.12 945:4.5.20 918:3.9.18 909:3.8.24 900:3.7.42 732:uniform 612:3.4.3.4 454:3.4.6.4 371:uniform 200:squares 198:, four 178:on the 170:if the 168:regular 121:in his 110:tilings 5017:4.8.16 5012:4.8.14 5007:4.8.12 4997:4.8.10 4972:4.6.16 4962:4.6.14 4957:4.6.12 4727:Hyper- 4712:4.6.12 4485:Domino 4391:Sphinx 4270:Convex 4249:Domino 4058:  3961:  3899:  3871:  3842:  3807:  3761:  3012:Shape 2841:Shape 2153:Total 1983:49794 1914:24459 1845:11866 1215:Total 997:orbits 963:4.8.8 859:(3.6) 711:{3,6} 693:GJ-H: 669:{3,6}: 654:GJ-H: 633:{4,4} 615:GJ-H: 594:{4,4} 576:GJ-H: 553:{6,3} 535:GJ-H: 514:{3,6} 496:GJ-H: 493:4.6.12 475:{3,6} 457:GJ-H: 436:{6,3} 418:GJ-H: 384:chiral 315:GJ-H: 288:GJ-H: 261:GJ-H: 184:vertex 119:Kepler 5132:(6.8) 5087:(5.6) 5022:4.8.∞ 4992:(4.8) 4987:(4.7) 4982:4.6.∞ 4952:(4.6) 4947:(4.5) 4917:4.∞.4 4912:4.8.4 4907:4.7.4 4902:4.6.4 4897:4.5.4 4877:(3.8) 4872:(3.7) 4842:(3.4) 4837:(3.4) 4729:bolic 4697:(3.6) 4653:Semi- 4524:Girih 4421:Other 3869:S2CID 3805:JSTOR 3778:p.236 3759:S2CID 3729:(PDF) 3722:(PDF) 3586:. AMS 3342:(the 2775:= 5) 2771:= 4, 2752:= 4) 2748:= 3, 2729:= 5) 2725:= 3, 2706:= 4) 2702:= 2, 2683:= 6) 2679:= 3, 2658:= 5) 2654:= 4, 2611:= 4) 2607:= 4, 2588:= 4) 2584:= 3, 2563:= 3) 2559:= 2, 2543:= 4) 2539:= 2, 2523:= 7) 2519:= 5, 2500:= 3) 2496:= 3, 2475:= 3) 2471:= 2, 2428:= 3) 2424:= 3, 2406:= 4) 2402:= 4, 2384:= 4) 2380:= 4, 2362:= 5) 2358:= 5, 2342:= 4) 2338:= 4, 2320:= 4) 2316:= 4, 2298:= 3) 2294:= 3, 2098:≥ 15 1941:12309 1936:11006 1931:13762 1778:5960 1711:2850 1646:1472 1212:≥ 15 1114:= 7. 702:= 3, 663:= 2, 624:= 2, 585:= 2, 544:= 2, 532:(3.6) 505:= 3, 466:= 3, 427:= 2, 328:= 1) 324:= 1, 301:= 1) 297:= 1, 274:= 1) 270:= 1, 180:flags 131:Latin 106:plane 5217:8.16 5212:8.12 5182:7.14 5152:6.16 5147:6.12 5142:6.10 5102:5.12 5097:5.10 5052:4.16 5047:4.14 5037:4.12 5027:4.10 4887:3.16 4882:3.14 4702:3.12 4687:V3.6 4613:V4.n 4603:V3.n 4490:Wang 4467:List 4433:and 4384:and 4343:List 4258:and 4056:ISBN 3959:ISBN 3897:ISBN 3659:The 1951:1736 1946:9230 1926:1607 1877:3711 1872:5993 1867:5798 1862:7171 1857:1086 1810:1468 1805:2745 1800:2979 1795:3772 1738:1278 1733:1608 1728:1992 1663:1037 1581:673 1516:332 1453:151 706:= 3) 667:= 3) 628:= 2) 589:= 2) 548:= 1) 509:= 3) 470:= 2) 431:= 2) 415:3.12 81:has 5247:∞.8 5242:∞.6 5207:8.6 5177:7.8 5172:7.6 5137:6.8 5092:5.8 5057:4.∞ 4892:3.∞ 4817:3.4 4812:3.∞ 4807:3.8 4802:3.7 4717:4.8 4707:4.∞ 4682:3.6 4677:3.∞ 4672:3.4 4608:4.n 4598:3.n 4571:By 4034:doi 3992:doi 3947:doi 3920:doi 3861:doi 3830:doi 3826:252 3797:doi 3486:hdl 3476:doi 3435:hdl 3427:doi 3423:138 2256:or 2043:14 1988:13 1956:129 1919:12 1882:647 1850:11 1815:212 1790:663 1783:10 1743:570 1723:424 1678:203 1673:537 1668:795 1658:298 1608:218 1603:426 1598:572 1593:175 1540:187 1535:284 1530:100 1472:149 1392:61 1333:20 1276:11 1209:14 1206:13 1203:12 1200:11 1197:10 690:3.6 651:3.4 573:4.8 374:or 190:by 5272:: 4162:. 4143:. 4124:. 4050:, 4030:19 4028:. 4024:. 4013:16 4011:. 4007:. 3988:26 3986:. 3943:17 3941:. 3937:. 3916:44 3914:. 3883:; 3867:. 3857:11 3855:. 3840:MR 3838:. 3824:. 3820:. 3803:. 3793:50 3791:. 3755:25 3753:. 3685:. 3657:. 3629:. 3582:. 3515:^ 3484:. 3474:. 3464:13 3462:. 3458:. 3433:. 3421:. 3417:. 3405:^ 3186:7 3183:6 3180:5 3177:4 3174:3 3171:2 3168:1 2987:. 2954:. 2250:2- 2157:11 2148:? 2093:? 2090:0 2035:0 2032:0 1980:0 1977:0 1974:0 1971:0 1968:0 1961:15 1911:0 1908:0 1905:0 1902:0 1899:0 1896:0 1887:52 1842:0 1839:0 1836:0 1833:0 1830:0 1827:0 1824:0 1820:27 1775:0 1772:0 1769:0 1766:0 1763:0 1760:0 1757:0 1748:80 1716:9 1708:0 1705:0 1702:0 1699:0 1696:0 1693:0 1690:0 1687:0 1683:20 1651:8 1643:0 1640:0 1637:0 1634:0 1631:0 1628:0 1625:0 1622:0 1613:74 1586:7 1578:0 1575:0 1572:0 1569:0 1566:0 1563:0 1560:0 1557:0 1550:10 1545:92 1513:0 1510:0 1507:0 1504:0 1501:0 1498:0 1495:0 1492:0 1482:15 1477:94 1467:74 1450:0 1447:0 1444:0 1441:0 1438:0 1435:0 1432:0 1429:0 1416:33 1411:85 1406:33 1389:0 1386:0 1383:0 1380:0 1377:0 1374:0 1371:0 1368:0 1352:39 1347:22 1330:0 1327:0 1324:0 1321:0 1318:0 1315:0 1312:0 1309:0 1290:20 1273:0 1270:0 1267:0 1264:0 1261:0 1258:0 1255:0 1252:0 1230:11 1226:1 1194:9 1191:8 1082:= 1078:= 1070:≥ 1056:= 981:6 891:3 886:4 823:4 791:5 786:3 777:6 709:sr 512:tr 473:rr 368:, 210:. 133:: 94:A 74:A 55:A 42:A 5237:∞ 5232:∞ 5227:∞ 5222:∞ 5202:8 5197:8 5192:8 5187:8 5167:7 5162:7 5157:7 5122:6 5117:6 5112:6 5107:6 5077:5 5072:5 5067:5 5062:5 4942:4 4937:4 4932:4 4927:4 4922:4 4832:3 4827:3 4822:3 4644:6 4639:4 4634:3 4629:2 4593:2 4197:e 4190:t 4183:v 4168:. 4149:. 4130:. 4112:. 4097:. 4042:. 4036:: 3998:. 3994:: 3972:n 3953:. 3949:: 3926:. 3922:: 3905:. 3875:. 3863:: 3846:. 3832:: 3811:. 3799:: 3765:. 3738:. 3695:. 3671:. 3639:. 3605:k 3593:. 3509:. 3494:. 3488:: 3478:: 3470:: 3443:. 3437:: 3429:: 3356:) 3346:) 2973:3 2968:+ 2965:3 2940:3 2935:+ 2932:2 2811:k 2807:k 2799:k 2791:k 2784:k 2773:e 2769:t 2767:( 2762:2 2750:e 2746:t 2744:( 2739:1 2727:e 2723:t 2721:( 2716:2 2704:e 2700:t 2698:( 2693:1 2681:e 2677:t 2675:( 2669:2 2656:e 2652:t 2650:( 2644:1 2609:e 2605:t 2603:( 2598:1 2586:e 2582:t 2580:( 2575:2 2561:e 2557:t 2555:( 2541:e 2537:t 2535:( 2521:e 2517:t 2515:( 2510:2 2498:e 2494:t 2492:( 2486:1 2473:e 2469:t 2467:( 2426:e 2422:t 2420:( 2404:e 2400:t 2398:( 2382:e 2378:t 2376:( 2360:e 2356:t 2354:( 2340:e 2336:t 2334:( 2318:e 2314:t 2312:( 2296:e 2292:t 2290:( 2232:∞ 2227:0 2222:∞ 2217:∞ 2212:∞ 2207:∞ 2202:∞ 2197:∞ 2192:∞ 2187:∞ 2182:∞ 2177:∞ 2172:∞ 2167:∞ 2162:∞ 2144:0 2140:? 2137:? 2134:? 2131:? 2128:? 2125:? 2122:? 2119:? 2116:? 2113:? 2110:? 2107:? 2104:? 2101:0 2087:0 2084:0 2081:0 2077:0 2073:? 2070:? 2067:? 2064:? 2061:? 2058:? 2055:? 2052:? 2049:? 2046:0 2029:0 2026:0 2022:0 2018:? 2015:? 2012:? 2009:? 2006:? 2003:? 2000:? 1997:? 1994:? 1991:0 1965:0 1922:0 1892:1 1853:0 1786:0 1753:8 1719:0 1654:0 1618:7 1589:0 1554:0 1526:0 1522:6 1489:0 1486:0 1463:0 1459:5 1426:0 1423:0 1420:0 1402:0 1398:4 1365:0 1362:0 1359:0 1356:0 1343:0 1339:3 1306:0 1303:0 1300:0 1297:0 1294:0 1286:0 1282:2 1249:0 1246:0 1243:0 1240:0 1237:0 1234:0 1221:k 1188:7 1185:6 1182:5 1179:4 1176:3 1173:2 1170:1 1163:m 1153:m 1149:k 1112:n 1108:n 1104:n 1100:n 1096:n 1092:n 1088:n 1084:k 1080:n 1076:m 1072:k 1068:m 1058:k 1054:m 1047:m 1043:m 1031:k 1025:e 1021:e 1017:t 1013:t 1009:k 1005:k 1001:k 989:k 764:k 704:e 700:t 698:( 671:e 665:e 661:t 659:( 631:s 626:e 622:t 620:( 592:t 587:e 583:t 581:( 551:r 546:e 542:t 540:( 507:e 503:t 501:( 468:e 464:t 462:( 434:t 429:e 425:t 423:( 326:e 322:t 320:( 312:4 299:e 295:t 293:( 285:6 272:e 268:t 266:( 258:3 129:( 83:k 77:k 20:)

Index

Tilings of regular polygons

regular tiling

semiregular or uniform tiling
type of vertex

k-uniform tiling

non-edge-to-edge tiling
plane
tilings
regular polygons
Kepler
Harmonices Mundi
Latin
Grünbaum
symmetry group
acts transitively
vertex
edge-to-edge tiling
congruent
equilateral triangles
squares
hexagons
three regular tessellations



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