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steering (wheel, etc.) and two usually column mounted levers. One centre off lever operated a three position changeover switch to permit running in either direction, and the other lever operated a wiper across a bank of large high current wire wound resistances which affected the motor and dynamo fields, to give the electrical effect of gearing. It was very important to set the minimum possible idle speed, or when engaging the direction switch excess load on the system and possible unwanted movement will occur. The resistance "gear" lever is then set to max torque, and then the direction lever set to (say) forward. On releasing the handbrake and pressing the throttle pedal a little the vehicle will glide away smoothly. Giving more throttle and gradually altering the resistance lever will then produce higher speed, with none of the jerking and pauses in acceleration of a gearbox. To stop, the throttle pedal is released, the resistance lever is brought back to "slow speed", the brake applied and as rest is achieved the forward/reverse lever moved to neutral and handbrake applied. There is however NO engine braking available as from a mechanical drive changed into a lower gear, so the system relies totally on the mechanical wheel brakes, which on early chassis applied to the rear axle only.
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The company subsequently purchased the rights to the
Teesside design after receiving enquiries from abroad but domestic production ceased after 1927. Following the initial split from Thomas Tilling, the company produced one further new chassis which was exhibited at the 1930 Scottish Motor Show. Only
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Many men were trained to drive during the War on vehicles with conventional gearboxes and developments in gearbox design made their vehicles quieter, more reliable and lighter, resulting in better economy. All this combined to lead to a decline in popularity of the
Tilling-Stevens' and other Petrol
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than a competing mechanical transmission chassis type. Once mechanical gearbox transmissions were developed enough to become reliable, quiet and easy enough to use, this inefficiency contributed to its demise. Another reason was the simple and fairly inefficient electrical control system, the best
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With the electrical generator (a large dynamo) for the motor permanently connected to the petrol engine, the early petrol electric controls available were a sprung return throttle pedal (with a hand-operated variable latching throttle to set and adjust the idle speed), a brake pedal, a means of
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Many
Tilling Stevens Petrol Electric vehicles ended their days as mobile caravans or lorries with travelling fairs and showground people, where the electrical generation could be useful for other things than merely to move the vehicle. Some chassis survived beyond being direct road transport to
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The unusual electric transmission became less of an advantage as other makers developed their simpler mechanical transmissions to be reliable and easier to drive. Tilling-Stevens specialised in some unusual markets where the transmission could offer a particular advantage, by also using it as a
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Apart from the
Throttle, engine management controls were usually only a Choke lever and Ignition Advance/Retard for starting the hand cranked engine. On magneto ignition models there would be a simple switch to short the magneto and so stop the engine running.
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182:. The ease of driving and soundness of construction of these vehicles soon led to the company supplying chassis to many bus operators in the UK, and several abroad as well. According to the website of the
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360:. Complete vehicle production ceased in 1953, as Rootes' own truck brands had developed heavier trucks themselves. The plant continued to produce light commercial engines (particularly the iconic
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two-stroke diesel, which had been intended for introduction by
Tilling-Stevens in 1954) and vehicle bodies, before finally closing in the 1970s, some years after the group had been acquired by
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Percival Harry Frost-Smith was
Managing Director of Tilling-Stevens Ltd in 1915/1916 and he obtained several patents for improvements to motor vehicles between 1908 and 1918. These included:
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In the 1930s the lorries also lost the large cast radiators in favour of first a thinner cast aluminium shell and then a cheaper steel pressed bonnet and a small diamond-shaped "TSM" badge.
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which drove the rear wheels. W.A. Stevens also patented a system for converting conventional petrol buses for either battery-electric or petrol-electric propulsion, patent GB190820210.
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Tilling-Stevens split from Thomas
Tilling in 1930 and renamed itself T S Motors Ltd (TSM) in 1932, but were again renamed Tilling-Stevens in 1937, before World War II had broken out.
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The
Tilling-Stevens petrol-electric bus is interesting as an early example of a petrol engined road vehicle using electric rather than mechanical transmission. It is distinct from a
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TS was eventually purchased by Rootes Group in 1950 and a long-under-development three-cylinder two-stroke engine was extensively used in Rootes' Group's Commer lorries.(See below)
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was established in
Maidstone in 1897 by William Arthur Stevens and had by 1906 built its first petrol-electric vehicle using designs patented by Percival (Percy) Frost-Smith. A
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Corporation and in 1924 the general manager of the
Teesside Railless Traction Board designed a trolleybus chassis which was built by Tilling-Stevens. This chassis (designated
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Tilling-Stevens factory was situated in St Peter's St, Maidstone. The factory buildings, built in the 1920s in the Daylight style, survive as of 2012. They were
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291:. Their cast aluminium radiators were distinctive, with "Tilling-Stevens" cast into the top and either "Petrol-Electric" or "Maidstone" into the bottom tanks.
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because the Army considered their petrol-electric chassis were not suitable for use in France. The low-mounted electrical items were considered vulnerable.
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As the petrol engine ran continuously and its chassis weight with a large, heavy motor/dynamo pair was much higher than a mechanical gearbox, it was less
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194:) as few bus staff had previously driven motor vehicles. Tilling-Stevens Motors Ltd was obliged to consolidate its position with bus operators during
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Tilling-Stevens also produced goods chassis available with either petrol-electric or conventional gearbox transmissions and built many trucks during
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become generator trailers for these fairs. This helped maintain a stock of dynamo and motor units and even chassis, making restorations possible.
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in 1938 to extend their range (and use Vulcan petrol engines). Production stayed at Maidstone, and Vulcan's production was also relocated there.
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After the war, they failed to invest in updating their products and ended up building mainly buses. Tilling-Stevens therefore acquired
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2015:
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Electric systems. By the 1930s, TS chassis were being produced with conventional petrol/diesel engines, gearboxes and transmission.
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in July 2011. It is described as "one few buildings of this style not to have undergone significant alteration from the original".
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Share of the S.G. de Autobuses de Madrid, issued 14. September 1922; it shows a petrol-electric Tilling-Stevens bus
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who used the trade name "Hallford" so these were known as "Hallford-Stevens". Transmissions were also supplied to
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that could be achieved in the absence of "modern" electronics. However hybrid petrol-electric cars, such as the
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New Chassis from 1914 with Secondhand pre 1908 body by Newman of London as first combined in 1914.
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they specialised in the searchlight trucks for which they are probably still best known today.
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vehicles. It continued as an independent manufacturer until 1950, when it was acquired by the
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was popular among bus drivers rather than the conventional crash gearbox (in the days before
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and asked Tilling to supply them. The result was an adapted version of the hybrid
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Baldwin, Nick (May 1982). Kennett, Pat (ed.). "Vintage: Persistance Unrewarded".
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for lighting and the electric motors to raise the ladder could be powered by it.
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Improvements in and relating to Worm Drive for Mechanically Propelled Vehicles
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was a British manufacturer of buses and other commercial vehicles, based in
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Preference Share of the Tilling-Stevens Ltd., issued 25. September 1950
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Improvements in and connected with the Electric Lighting of Vehicles
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The petrol-electric transmission was fitted to chassis built by
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Southdown Omnibus Trust, Amberley Museum, West Sussex, England
40:. Originally established in 1897, it became a specialist in
227:. An existing customer in respect of petrol-electric buses,
444:, are now seen as being a partial solution towards cutting
657:"Tilling Stevens O 9926 at the Transport Museum Wythall"
2909:
Vehicle manufacturing companies disestablished in 1950
113:
Improved Means of Control for Petrol Electric Vehicles
174:
An arrangement was agreed with a large bus operator,
208:
Tilling-Stevens was still manufacturing buses after
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Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1897
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2884:Defunct truck manufacturers of the United Kingdom
738:"1924 Tilling-Stevens TS3A petrol-electric lorry"
178:, who wanted to produce their own vehicles named
118:Francis Edwin Brown was a son of David Brown, of
2879:Defunct bus manufacturers of the United Kingdom
2874:Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of England
2554:British Vehicle Rental and Leasing Association
16:Former British commercial vehicle manufacturer
2799:Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents
1040:
820:
448:emissions and reducing the risks of damaging
8:
772:"Tilling-Stevens fire engine in New Zealand"
158:these vehicles were named "Dennis-Stevens".
392:, as it has no direct engine propulsion or
243:model with electrical components by BTH of
2804:Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders
2242:
1674:
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1581:Mercedes AMG High Performance Powertrains
1056:Automotive industry in the United Kingdom
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2924:British companies disestablished in 1950
786:"Tilling Stevens TS20 searchlight lorry"
384:Petrol Electric engines and their Legacy
235:with trolleybuses on one route of their
498:
2673:Vehicle & Operator Services Agency
2899:British companies established in 1897
2658:Driver & Vehicle Licensing Agency
760:. London, UK: FF Publishing Ltd: 105.
77:and the current produced passed to a
62:generator (red) traction motor (grey)
7:
2848:
1009:
688:. No. 9 March 2012. p. 12.
1067:Manufacturing in the United Kingdom
138:Hallford-Stevens and Dennis-Stevens
14:
2919:1950 disestablishments in England
356:In 1950, the company was sold to
314:fire engines were produced where
283:petrol-electric searchlight lorry
2847:
2838:
2837:
1008:
999:
998:
858:
231:Corporation, decided to replace
133:Thames Valley bus delivered 1927
60:Tilling-Stevens bus chassis 1923
2894:Defunct companies based in Kent
2780:Institute of Advanced Motorists
1207:Alternative Chassis Engineering
1161:London Electric Vehicle Company
710:British Trolleybuses: 1911–1972
607:"Espacenet - Original document"
582:"Espacenet - Original document"
557:"Espacenet - Original document"
532:"Espacenet - Original document"
507:"Espacenet - Original document"
2914:1897 establishments in England
2559:Constellation Automotive Group
684:"Saved in the nick of time!".
340:1949 Vulcan truck fitted with
223:Tilling-Stevens also produced
1:
2340:Transport Research Laboratory
1072:Economy of the United Kingdom
93:With William Arthur Stevens,
2668:Vehicle Certification Agency
188:petrol-electric transmission
2604:National Tyres and Autocare
2381:Caparo Vehicle Technologies
105:With Victor Snow Robinson,
2940:
1818:Whitley Engineering Centre
344:diesel engine. On show at
111:With Tilling-Stevens Ltd,
99:With Francis Edwin Brown,
2833:
1852:McLaren Technology Centre
1062:
994:
856:
460:Driving a Petrol-Electric
2739:Classic & Sports Car
2663:Driving Standards Agency
2653:Department for Transport
2599:Millbrook Proving Ground
1773:Electric Car Corporation
1621:Roger Dowson Engineering
1496:Advanced Engine Research
184:Transport Museum Wythall
52:W A Stevens of Maidstone
2280:Grayson Thermal Systems
1232:British United Traction
611:worldwide.espacenet.com
586:worldwide.espacenet.com
561:worldwide.espacenet.com
536:worldwide.espacenet.com
511:worldwide.espacenet.com
186:the simpler to operate
95:Worm drive for vehicles
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428:
418:
408:
353:
310:generator. Some early
284:
276:
259:one sale was made, to
171:
134:
63:
26:
2648:Automotive Council UK
2609:Pinewood Technologies
1798:Castle Bromwich plant
1541:Ford World Rally Team
1419:Shelvoke & Drewry
1374:Metro Cammell Weymann
868:Subsidiaries / brands
636:www.gracesguide.co.uk
632:"Francis Edwin Brown"
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339:
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132:
59:
24:
2817:Top Gear (TV series)
2746:Coach & Bus Week
2496:Jack Barclay Bentley
714:Ian Allan Publishing
708:Lumb, Geoff (1995).
75:electrical generator
73:was connected to an
2810:Top Gear (magazine)
2569:Halfords Autocentre
2411:Laycock Engineering
1636:Triple Eight Racing
1536:Engine Developments
1464:Wales & Edwards
1384:Morrison-Electricar
1354:London Taxi Company
1156:Multidrive Vehicles
417:traction motor 1923
237:Corporation Tramway
2466:Group 1 Automotive
2126:Marcos Engineering
2021:Armstrong Siddeley
1970:Marc Nordon Racing
1753:Brabham Automotive
661:www.wythall.org.uk
470:
429:
419:
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378:Listed as Grade II
354:
285:
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172:
135:
64:
27:
2861:
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2640:regulatory bodies
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2461:Ford Retail Group
2439:
2438:
2330:Tata Steel Europe
2295:Lotus Engineering
2230:
2229:
1783:Jaguar Land Rover
1551:Gibson Technology
1482:
1481:
1389:Northern Counties
1166:Mellor Coachcraft
1022:
1021:
976:William G. Rootes
968:William E. Rootes
433:
432:
85:Percy Frost-Smith
2931:
2851:
2850:
2841:
2840:
2753:Commercial Motor
2549:Auto Windscreens
2508:Robins & Day
2416:Lucas Industries
2360:Zytek Automotive
2243:
2160:Peel Engineering
2146:Longbridge plant
1702:Volkswagen Group
1675:
1511:Arena Motorsport
1469:Walter Alexander
1114:Alexander Dennis
1104:
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875:Rootes Australia
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312:turntable ladder
275:1914 TSB3 tipper
120:David Brown Ltd.
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2431:White and Poppe
2364:
2310:Perkins Engines
2285:Johnson Matthey
2239:
2237:
2226:
2066:British Leyland
1999:
1671:
1668:
1660:
1611:Red Bull Racing
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1459:Wadham Stringer
1449:Tilling-Stevens
1409:Seddon Atkinson
1277:East Lancashire
1212:Aveling-Barford
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920:Tilling-Stevens
863:
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850:Chrysler Europe
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180:Tilling-Stevens
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162:Tilling-Stevens
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42:petrol-electric
30:Tilling-Stevens
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2682:Related topics
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2638:Government and
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1199:
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1176:REE Automotive
1173:
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1151:Leyland Trucks
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791:
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743:
729:
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691:
686:Kent Messenger
673:
648:
623:
598:
573:
548:
523:
497:
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494:
491:
490:
489:
482:
479:
461:
458:
450:global warming
446:carbon dioxide
437:fuel efficient
431:
430:
427:back axle 1923
420:
410:
407:generator 1923
390:hybrid vehicle
385:
382:
373:
370:
333:
330:
324:Leading up to
268:
267:Goods vehicles
265:
245:Bath, Somerset
220:
217:
176:Thomas Tilling
163:
160:
144:J & E Hall
139:
136:
126:
123:
116:
115:
109:
103:
97:
86:
83:
79:traction motor
53:
50:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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2406:Henry Meadows
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2273:GKN Driveline
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2256:
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2238:consultancies
2236:Suppliers and
2233:
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2187:Rover Company
2185:
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2036:Austin-Healey
2034:
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2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2008:
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2002:
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1990:Ultima Sports
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1857:
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1247:Clough, Smith
1245:
1243:
1242:Charles H Roe
1240:
1238:
1237:Carlyle Works
1235:
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1082:Companies and
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981:H. E. Merritt
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347:
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331:
329:
327:
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319:
317:
313:
307:
305:
301:
297:
296:Vulcan Trucks
292:
290:
281:
273:
266:
264:
262:
256:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
229:Wolverhampton
226:
218:
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206:
203:
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185:
181:
177:
168:
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137:
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110:
108:
104:
102:
98:
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92:
91:
90:
84:
82:
80:
76:
72:
71:petrol engine
68:
58:
51:
49:
47:
43:
39:
35:
31:
23:
19:
2889:Rootes Group
2822:
2815:
2808:
2791:
2784:
2772:
2765:
2758:
2751:
2744:
2737:
2730:
2723:
2718:Auto Express
2716:
2709:
2702:
2695:
2688:
2451:Arnold Clark
2401:Hardy Spicer
2376:Abbey Panels
2263:Dunlop Tyres
1729:Oxford plant
1690:Aston Martin
1586:Mercedes AMG
1521:Chevron Cars
1448:
1141:IBC Vehicles
1136:Dennis Eagle
936:Rootes Arrow
919:
836:Rootes Group
794:
780:
766:
757:
732:
709:
685:
664:. Retrieved
660:
651:
639:. Retrieved
635:
626:
614:. Retrieved
610:
601:
589:. Retrieved
585:
576:
564:. Retrieved
560:
551:
539:. Retrieved
535:
526:
514:. Retrieved
510:
501:
475:
471:
454:
442:Toyota Prius
434:
387:
375:
358:Rootes Group
355:
332:Rootes Group
326:World War II
323:
320:
308:
293:
286:
257:
252:
240:
225:trolleybuses
222:
219:Trolleybuses
214:
210:World War II
207:
204:
200:
179:
173:
141:
117:
112:
106:
100:
94:
88:
67:W.A. Stevens
66:
65:
46:Rootes Group
29:
28:
18:
2786:Motor Sport
2711:Auto Trader
2690:AM Magazine
2579:HiQ (tyres)
2444:Dealerships
2421:LucasVarity
2290:Kahn Design
2192:Rover Group
2180:Ryton plant
2101:Frazer Nash
1869:Eco Concept
1768:David Brown
1739:Rolls-Royce
1712:Crewe plant
1561:Kahn Design
1474:Willowbrook
1444:Thornycroft
1344:Leyland DAF
1339:Leyland Bus
1302:Southampton
952:Ryton plant
487:Leyland L60
289:World War I
196:World War I
192:synchromesh
152:Dennis Bros
2868:Categories
2774:Fifth Gear
2564:Green Flag
2315:Pilkington
2258:Cummins UK
2121:Lanchester
2086:Eagle Cars
1965:JBA Motors
1793:Land Rover
1641:Van Diemen
1626:Sumo Power
1531:Driftworks
1488:Motorsport
1394:Park Royal
1095:Commercial
986:Ian Garrad
945:Facilities
723:0711023476
493:References
362:Commer TS3
304:Lancashire
2824:What Car?
2704:Autosport
2589:LeasePlan
2544:Autoglass
2513:Stoneacre
2491:H.R. Owen
2300:Millbrook
1995:Westfield
1928:Westfield
1906:Toyota UK
1891:Overfinch
1881:Nissan UK
1825:Lightning
1669:producers
1616:RML Group
1571:Lola Cars
1181:Wrightbus
1099:producers
971:(founder)
316:arc lamps
300:Southport
263:, Italy.
156:Guildford
34:Maidstone
2843:Category
2767:Fast Car
2584:Kwik Fit
2574:Halfords
2471:Inchcape
2456:Carcraft
2335:Tickford
2253:Cosworth
2222:Wolseley
2197:Standard
2136:MG Rover
1945:Caterham
1940:Kit cars
1916:Vauxhall
1763:Caterham
1646:Williams
1601:Prodrive
1596:Munchi's
1526:Cosworth
1424:Smith EV
1414:Sentinel
1404:Scammell
1369:Maudslay
1364:Marshall
1319:Hallford
1257:Crossley
1004:Category
929:Vehicles
666:16 April
641:16 April
616:16 April
591:16 April
566:16 April
541:16 April
516:16 April
481:See also
366:Chrysler
346:Bromyard
148:Dartford
2853:Commons
2697:Autocar
2486:Lookers
2476:Jardine
2426:Tomkins
2396:Gardner
2345:Unipart
2325:Ricardo
2246:Current
2212:Triumph
2202:Sunbeam
2165:Reliant
2131:Melling
2106:Gilbern
2081:Daimler
2051:Bristol
2041:Belsize
1980:Quantum
1950:Davrian
1896:Radical
1847:McLaren
1778:Ginetta
1707:Bentley
1695:Lagonda
1678:Current
1606:Radical
1591:M-Sport
1576:McLaren
1556:Hewland
1439:Sunbeam
1429:Stevens
1329:Karrier
1282:Eastern
1262:Daimler
1227:Bristol
1222:Bedford
1126:Arrival
1119:Plaxton
1107:Current
1097:vehicle
1085:marques
1014:Commons
905:Sunbeam
895:Karrier
885:Hillman
372:Factory
352:in 2008
350:England
342:Perkins
249:Halifax
2793:Octane
2619:The AA
2518:Sytner
2503:Perrys
2481:JCT600
2391:Ferodo
2369:Former
2320:Quaife
2217:Trojan
2175:Rootes
2155:Morris
2116:Jowett
2111:Jensen
2071:Caparo
2031:Austin
2026:Ascari
2011:Allard
2004:Former
1901:Spyker
1876:Morgan
1830:Lister
1788:Jaguar
1758:Briggs
1546:Fortec
1516:Carlin
1454:Vulcan
1324:Jensen
1267:Dennis
1252:Commer
1202:Albion
1190:Former
1171:Optare
961:People
915:Talbot
900:Singer
890:Humber
880:Commer
843:Parent
720:
2725:Buses
2523:Vertu
2355:Wipac
2170:Riley
2091:Fenix
2016:Alvis
1985:Sylva
1933:Zenos
1886:Noble
1840:Lotus
1835:Geely
1685:Ariel
1656:Xtrac
1651:Wirth
1566:Ilmor
1379:Modec
1314:Honda
1292:Foden
1272:Duple
1131:BEDEO
758:TRUCK
261:Turin
253:PERC1
233:trams
154:, of
146:, of
125:Buses
2305:MIRA
2096:Ford
2046:Bond
1975:Onyx
1724:Mini
1297:Ford
718:ISBN
668:2018
643:2018
618:2018
593:2018
568:2018
543:2018
518:2018
38:Kent
2760:Evo
2732:Car
2614:RAC
2350:WMG
2268:GKN
2061:BMH
2056:BMC
1960:GTM
1955:GKD
1911:TVR
1719:BMW
1334:LDV
1309:Guy
1287:ERF
1217:AWD
1197:AEC
1146:JCB
298:of
241:TS6
2870::
2141:MG
1864:MG
746:^
712:.
694:^
676:^
659:.
634:.
609:.
584:.
559:.
534:.
509:.
452:.
368:.
348:,
302:,
48:.
36:,
1048:e
1041:t
1034:v
828:e
821:t
814:v
788:.
774:.
740:.
726:.
670:.
645:.
620:.
595:.
570:.
545:.
520:.
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