200:(a collection of the synods of the Church of the East) between 775 and 790. He also wrote a lawbook entitled “Ṭaksē d-dēne ʿtānāye wad-yārtāwaṯā” (ܛܟܣܹ̈ܐ ܕܕܝ̈ܢܹܐ ܥܹܕܬܵܢܝܹܐ ܘܕܝܪ̈ܬܿܘܵܬܵܐ) ("Orders of Ecclesiastical Judgments and Inheritances"). The lawbook of Timothy is structured as follows: introductory prologue, 99 judicial decisions and an epilogue. The lawbook's prologue presents a legal theory justifying the use and application of Christian courts and judges within the Christian
1527:
151:
Timothy was a respected writer of scientific, theological, liturgical, and canonical books. Some 59 of his letters survive, covering roughly the first half of his patriarchate. The letters discuss varied biblical and theological questions as well as revealing much about the situation of the church
125:
Isa ibn
Quraysh, and might have been a serious threat to Timothy had he not died suddenly in suspicious circumstances. Timothy then secured a majority in the subsequent ballot by promising to reward his supporters handsomely. After he was elected, he did nothing of the sort. Those who complained
136:
yahb as metropolitan of
Adiabene by Rustam, bishop of Hnitha. Timothy retorted with the same weapon and deposed Joseph of Merv, who, failing to find redress from the caliph al-Mahdi, converted to Islam. Further rounds of excommunications led to rioting in the streets of Baghdad by the city's
208:. The topics addressed by the lawbook include ecclesiastical order and hierarchy, marriage and divorce, inheritance and dowries, and slavery and property law. He is only secondarily interested in the organization of ecclesiastical courts and in procedural law.
38:
from 780 to 823 and one of its most influential patriarchs. He was also an author, church leader, diplomat, and administrator. During his reign he reformed the metropolitan administration of the Church of the East, granting greater independence to the
179:(reigned 775–85). The debate, which some argue was a literary fiction, offers a somewhat unorganized back-and-forth that lends credence to the argument that the debate took place and was recorded by Timothy himself. It was published first in
164:, Gurgan, Balad, and several other places. The letters also show a wide familiarity with literature from across the ancient Christian world. Because he moved to Baghdad after his election as patriarch, he was familiar with the
129:
These tactics were not forgotten by his opponents, and an opposition party led by the metropolitan Joseph of Merv held a synod in the monastery of Beth Hale, in which they excommunicated
Timothy and replaced
43:
of the mission field (the 'exterior' provinces) but excluding them from participation in patriarchal elections. These reforms laid the foundations for the later success of Church of the East missions in
431:
Clint
Hackenburg, "An Arabic-to-English Translation of the Religious Debate between the Nestorian Patriarch Timothy I and the ‘Abbāsid Caliph al-Mahdi" (M.A. thesis, Ohio State University, 2009), 32.
915:
695:
Hackenburg, Clint, "An Arabic-to-English
Translation of the Religious Debate between the Nestorian Patriarch Timothy I and the ‘Abbāsid Caliph al-Mahdi" (M.A. thesis, Ohio State University, 2009)
115:. A second potential rival, Giwargis, was nominated at a synod convened by the bishop Thomas of Kashkar in the monastery of Mar Pethion in Baghdad. Giwargis enjoyed the support of the caliph
111:
Abe, and
Timothy first frightened him by advising him that he might not be fit enough to survive the intrigues of high office, but honored him by offering him the position of metropolitan of
187:, it is noticeably respectful towards Islam, and may well have been written for the enjoyment of both Christian and Muslim readers. The debate was translated into English in 1928 by
1595:
1590:
1580:
757:
Toma, James. "The
Prologue to Timothy’s “Orders” as a Source for Change in East Syriac Law" Journal of the Canadian Society for Syriac Studies, vol. 21, no. 1, 2021, pp. 85-97.
497:
Toma, James. "The
Prologue to Timothy’s 'Orders' as a Source for Change in East Syriac Law." Journal of the Canadian Society for Syriac Studies, vol. 21, no. 1, 2021, pp. 85-97.
488:
Toma, James. "The
Prologue to Timothy’s 'Orders' as a Source for Change in East Syriac Law." Journal of the Canadian Society for Syriac Studies, vol. 21, no. 1, 2021, pp. 85-97.
171:
One of
Timothy's most famous literary productions was the record of an inconclusive debate on the rival claims of Christianity and Islam, supposedly held in 782 with the third
908:
99:
in 778, Timothy used a judicious mixture of bribery, deceit and (probably) murder to secure his own election as patriarch. One rival for the post was the elderly Isho
112:
80:
1555:
1585:
1565:
945:
901:
865:
35:
191:, under the title 'Timothy's Apology for Christianity'. Its theme is of perennial interest, and it can still be read today both for pleasure and profit.
249:
233:
216:
Timothy took a particularly keen interest in the missionary expansion of the Church of the East. He is known to have consecrated metropolitans for
1575:
830:
624:
Cahier de Studia Iranica 41, Chrétiens en terre d'Iran III (Paris: Association pour l'avancement des études iraniens – Peeters Publishers, 2010).
1570:
538:, 47 (Armenia), 72 (Damascus), 74 (Dailam and Gilan), 105 (China), 124 (Rai), 128–9 (Sarbaz), 128 (Samarqand and Beth Turkaye) and 139 (Tibet)
520:
473:
360:
924:
637:/ Russian translation by Nikolai N. Seleznyov in consultation with Dmitry A. Morozov. Moscow: Assyrian Church of the East, 2005, 48 pp.
635:
Bogoslovskie sobesedovanija mezhdu Katolikosom Tserkvi Vostoka Mar Timateosom I (727–823) i khalifom al-Mahdi, povelitelem pravovernykh
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ab, the Moslem governor of Mosul, and his Christian secretary Abu Nuh al-Anbari. On the death of the patriarch
513:
L'invention du cadi : La justice des musulmans, des juifs et des chrétiens aux premiers siècles de l'Islam
1600:
802:
690:
Maris, Amri, et Salibae: De Patriarchis Nestorianorum Commentaria II: Maris textus arabicus et versio Latina
607:
248:, metropolitan of Dailam and Gilan was martyred. He also detached India from the metropolitan province of
622:
Vita e studi di Timoteo I, patriarca cristiano di Baghdad. Studi sull'epistolario e sulle fonti contigue,
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De Timotheo I, Nestorianorum patriacha, et Christianorum orientalium condicione sub chaliphis Abbasidis
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of Central Asia, and for China, and he also declared his intention of consecrating a metropolitan for
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1513:
793:
574:
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De catholicis seu patriarchis Chaldaeorum et Nestorianorum commentarius historico-chronologicus
17:
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1018:
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Der nestorianische Patriarch Timotheos I. und seine theologischen Briefe im Kontext des Islam,
668:
658:
516:
515:, Bibliothèque historique des pays d’Islam, Paris: Éditions de la Sorbonne, pp. 455–533,
469:
356:
350:
292:
monastery"), which was a monastery of the Church of the East built on the western bank of the
172:
65:
789:
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Pour un Oriens Christianus Novus: Répertoire des diocèses syriaques orientaux et occidentaux
188:
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Maris, Amri, et Salibae: De Patriarchis Nestorianorum Commentaria I: Amri et Salibae Textus
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324:
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184:
180:
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893:
237:
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153:
819:
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383:, edited by Sebastian P. Brock, Aaron M. Butts, George A. Kiraz and Lucas Van Rompay.
1355:
1350:
1295:
1246:
1169:
1064:
875:
45:
137:
Christians. The opposition to Timothy was finally stilled by the intervention of
765:
The Book of Governors: The Historia Monastica of Thomas, Bishop of Marga, AD 840
662:
634:
611:
64:(Athor). As a young man, he studied under Abraham Bar Dashandad at the school of
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The Legend of Mar Qardagh: Narrative and Christian Heroism in Late Antique Iraq
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ed. S.G.Vashaolmidze and L. Greisiger, Harrassowitze (2007), pp. 289–302.
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758:
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The Chronicle of Seert: Christian historical imagination in late antique Iraq
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1508:
1489:
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Aqra district. He later became bishop of the diocese of Beth Bgash, in the
737:
Zu Geschichte, Theologie, Liturgie und Gegenwartslage der syrischen Kirchen
1140:
877:
850:
509:"Chapitre 5. La justice des non-musulmans dans le Proche-Orient islamique"
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Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage: Electronic Edition
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court and assisted in the translation of works by Aristotle and others.
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Studi e Testi 187 (Vatican: Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, 1956).
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980:
289:
241:
229:
157:
1059:
897:
352:
Christian-Muslim Relations: A Bibliographical History (600–900)
805:
Arabic text with English translation by Clint Hackenburg, 2009
803:
The religious debate between Timothy I and the Caliph al-Mahdī
700:
Interfaith dialogues: The Church of the East and the Abbassids
333:
152:
in his day. One letter records him ordaining bishops for the
443:"Timothy I, Apology for Christianity (1928) pp.v-vii, 1–15"
194:
Timothy's legal work is twofold. He probably compiled the
647:
Synodicon orientale ou recueil de synodes nestoriens
1399:
1239:
1047:
954:
126:were told, 'The priesthood is not sold for money.'
722:Timothy and his Concern for the School of Bašōš,
183:and later in Arabic. In its surviving form, in
741:Studien zur Orientalischen Kirchengeschichte 9,
629:Les Lettres du Patriarche Nestorien Timothée I,
236:in Tabaristan, for Sarbaz in Segestan, for the
396:(University of California Press, 2006), p. 26.
347:The traditional date of birth is 727/728, per
252:and made it a separate metropolitan province.
1596:9th-century bishops of the Church of the East
1591:8th-century bishops of the Church of the East
1581:8th-century people from the Abbasid Caliphate
909:
468:. Oxford University Press. pp. 221–256.
355:. Leiden: Koninklijke Brill NV. p. 515.
52:Early life and succession to the patriarchate
8:
105:yahb, the superior of the monastery of Beth
916:
902:
894:
835:
759:https://doi.org/10.31826/jcsss-2021-210108
83:, winning the respect of Abu Musa ibn Mus
754:, ed. W. Klein (Stuttgart 2004), 152–167
349:Thomas, David; Roggema, Barbara (2009).
704:Der Christliche Orient und seine Umwelt
317:
601:Bar Hebraeus, Chronicon Ecclesiasticum
445:. Bulletin of the John Rylands Library
711:Timothy and his dialogs with Muslims,
7:
1556:Patriarchs of the Church of the East
772:A Short History of Syriac Literature
420:A Short History of Syriac Literature
328:
281:
1586:9th-century Syriac-language writers
1566:Nestorians in the Abbasid Caliphate
36:Patriarch of the Church of the East
599:Abbeloos, J. B., and Lamy, T. J.,
25:
409:(ed Abeloos and Lamy), ii. 168–70
81:metropolitan province of Adiabene
56:Timothy was a native of Ḥazza in
1525:
866:Catholicos-Patriarch of the East
212:Interest in missionary expansion
1514:Shemʿon VII Ishoʿyahb (1539–58)
743:(Münster 2000) pp. 217–230
18:Timothy I (Nestorian patriarch)
653:. Paris: Imprimerie Nationale.
575:"دير الجاثليق أو دير كليليشوع"
60:, part of the wider region of
34:740 – 9 January 823) was the
1:
786:Dialogue with a Moslem Caliph
739:ed. M. Tamcke and A. Heinz =
715:The Harp VIII,IX (1995–1996),
31:
1019:Shemʿon Bar Sabbaʿe (329–41)
829:Timothy I, Letter 47 :
334:
1141:
878:
851:
667:. Beirut: Orient-Institut.
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132:
121:
107:
101:
93:
85:
75:
69:
1617:
1432:Yahballaha III (1281–1317)
814:Timothy I, Letters :
1576:Syriac–Arabic translators
1522:
1407:Yahballaha II (1190–1222)
935:
872:
863:
845:
840:Church of the East titles
838:
507:Tillier, Mathieu (2017),
1571:Greek–Syriac translators
1446:Denha II (1336/7–1381/2)
608:Assemani, Giuseppe Luigi
407:Ecclesiastical Chronicle
272:Monastery"), originally
160:, for Shiharzur, Radan,
1532:Christianity portal
1381:ʿAbdishoʿ III (1139–48)
1356:Sabrishoʿ III (1064–72)
811:by Jérôme Labourt, 1904
1366:Makkikha I (1092–1110)
1361:ʿAbdishoʿ II (1074–90)
1351:Yohannan VII (1049–57)
1170:Ishoʿyahb III (649–59)
260:Timothy was buried in
1499:Shemʿon V (1497–1502)
1422:Makkikha II (1257–65)
1417:Sabrishoʿ V (1226–56)
1412:Sabrishoʿ IV (1222–5)
1386:Ishoʿyahb V (1149–75)
1341:Ishoʿyahb IV (1020–5)
1336:Yohannan VI (1012–20)
1247:Ishoʿ bar Nun (823–8)
1224:Hnanishoʿ II (773–80)
1160:Ishoʿyahb II (628–45)
1150:Sabrishoʿ I (596–604)
1065:Yahballaha I (415–20)
763:Wallis Budge, E. A.,
752:Syrische Kirchenväter
698:Hunter, Erica C. D.,
642:Chabot, Jean-Baptiste
627:Bidawid, Raphaël J.,
603:(3 vols, Paris, 1877)
464:Wood, Philip (2013).
156:of Central Asia, for
1561:Christian apologists
1509:Shemʿon VI (1504–38)
1331:Yohannan V (1000–11)
1321:ʿAbdishoʿ I (963–86)
1306:Abraham III (906–37)
1301:Yohannan IV (900–05)
1296:Yohannan III (893–9)
1291:Yohannan II (884–91)
1257:Sabrishoʿ II (831–5)
1252:Giwargis II (828–31)
1185:Hnanishoʿ I (686–98)
392:Joel Thomas Walker,
147:Literary achievement
119:'s Christian doctor
41:metropolitan bishops
1490:Shemʿon IV Basidi (
1400:13th–16th centuries
1391:Eliya III (1176–90)
1311:Emmanuel I (937–60)
1262:Abraham II (837–50)
1229:Timothy I (780–823)
1199:Sliba-zkha (714–28)
1175:Giwargis I (661–80)
1029:Barbaʿshmin (343–6)
831:English translation
748:Timotheos I, † 823,
726:The Harp X, (1997),
197:Synodicon Orientale
73:in Sapsapa, in the
1376:Bar Sawma (1134–6)
1371:Eliya II (1111–32)
1277:Israel of Kashkar
1267:Theodosius (853–8)
1240:9th–12th centuries
1219:Yaʿqob II (753–73)
1180:Yohannan I (680–3)
929:Church of the East
659:Fiey, Jean Maurice
441:Mingana, Alfonse.
1538:
1537:
1437:Timothy II (1318–
1427:Denha I (1265–81)
1346:Eliya I (1028–49)
1080:Dadishoʿ (421–56)
1048:5th–8th centuries
1000:Ahadabui (204–20)
955:1st–4th centuries
892:
891:
873:Succeeded by
820:Latin translation
620:Berti, Vittorio,
522:979-10-351-0102-2
475:978-0-19-967067-3
362:978-90-04-16975-3
274:Dayrā Klilā Ishuʿ
143:Isa ibn Quraysh.
16:(Redirected from
1608:
1530:
1529:
1504:Eliya V (1503–4)
1204:Pethion (731–40)
1165:Maremmeh (646–9)
1144:
1134:Ezekiel (570–81)
1105:Elishaʿ (524–37)
1090:Acacius (485–96)
1085:Babowai (457–84)
1039:Qayyoma (377–99)
1034:Tomarsa (363–71)
1024:Shahdost (341–3)
1005:Shahlufa (220–4)
986:Abraham (159–71)
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1209:Aba II (741–51)
1190:Yohannan Garba
1155:Gregory (605–9)
1145:yahb I (582–95)
1129:Joseph (552–67)
1095:Babai (497–503)
1055:Isaac (399–410)
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377:"Timotheos I"
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329:ܛܝܡܬܐܘܣ ܩܕܡܝܐ
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1451:Shemʿon II (
1438:
1316:Israel (961)
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770:Wright, W.,
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692:(Rome, 1899)
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46:Central Asia
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1214:Surin (753)
1070:Maʿna (420)
824:Oskar Braun
816:syriac text
798:translation
784:Timothy I,
302:Mesopotamia
284:"Wreath of
1551:823 deaths
1545:Categories
1494:1450–1497)
1464:Eliya IV (
1119:Paul (539)
991:Yaʿqob I (
939:Until the
925:Patriarchs
594:References
449:12 January
270:Catholicos
946:Full list
792:(1928).
581:22 August
549:Letter 47
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162:Ray, Iran
28:Timothy I
1279:intrusus
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218:Damascus
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117:al-Mahdi
113:Adiabene
91:Hnanisho
66:Bashisho
58:Adiabene
1194:(691–3)
1110:Narsai
927:of the
882:Bar Nun
717:263–275
616:. Roma.
422:, 191–3
296:in the
262:Baghdad
222:Armenia
204:of the
175:caliph
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166:Abbasid
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1010:Papa (
972:Mari (
826:, 1915
788:, tr.
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651:(PDF)
379:, in
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290:Jesus
242:Tibet
238:Turks
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