481:
203:, expressed during the Second Polish Republic, he stayed in the Monastery of St. Onuphrius in Jabłeczna, without influencing the direction of the church's development. Between 1948 and 1951, and again between December 1959 and May 1961, he temporarily administered the Polish Orthodox Church, which was without a leader at that time. In 1961, he was elected Metropolitan of Warsaw and all Poland with overt support from Polish state authorities, and in violation of the procedures outlined in the Church's Internal Statute, which led to protests from clergy and believers. He died after one year of holding the position.
602:
473:
36:
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585:. Timothy was described as an intelligent, tactful individual who understood the situation and was ready to carry out the authorities' orders even when they were not favorable to him (such as in the matter of filling the office of metropolitan). During the same period, Timothy was registered by the Department IV of the XI Public Security Committee as a "confidential contact" under the pseudonym Beard Man (
1450:
511:. In 1947, he became the vice-chairman of the Orthodox Metropolitan Committee for Aid to Resettlers in the Recovered Territories, where he engaged in organizing pastoral care and material support for Orthodox Christians who were resettled in these regions of Poland. In the same year, he founded the first female monastery within the post-war borders of Poland – the monastery on
1462:
367:
518:
In 1948, the communist authorities finally decided to remove
Metropolitan Dionysius from office. Until a new primate of the Polish Orthodox Church was elected, the church was to be governed by a body not provided for by Orthodox canonical law – the Temporary Governing Collegium of the Polish Orthodox
632:
Metropolitan
Timothy was elected by the Council of Bishops of the Polish Orthodox Church, not by the Electoral Council as stipulated in the church's statute, leading to protests from the clergy and the faithful. The newly elected metropolitan was accused of assuming the office against canonical law.
567:
Archbishop
Timothy, like the other bishops of the Polish Orthodox Church, maintained a loyal relationship with the state authorities. In 1949, he publicly asserted that there was no room for any form of religious oppression in Poland. However, the existing plan from 1946 for him to assume the office
665:
As the
Metropolitan of Warsaw and all Poland, the hierarch represented the church during the preparations for the pan-Orthodox council. Together with representatives of the Russian Orthodox Church, he engaged in the peace movement. In 1961, he founded a Polish-speaking parish in Warsaw, with Father
555:
to clarify the controversies surrounding the canonical status of the Polish
Orthodox Church, and on 21 May 1948, he became the temporary administrator of the Recovered Territories diocese, a position he held until September of the same year. In June 1948, he was one of the delegates of the Polish
488:
In 1946, the
Department of Denominations of the Ministry of Public Administration began to suggest to Dionysius, Metropolitan of Warsaw and all Poland, to resign from his office (ultimately, the clergyman was forced to do so). Bishop Timothy was considered as his possible successor. On 14 October
568:
of metropolitan was abandoned. According to the state authorities, the hierarch's authority among the clergy of the Polish
Orthodox Church was insufficient. Archbishop Timothy was also accused of lacking organizational talents and necessary experience. Ultimately, Timothy (Szretter) remained the
576:
from the USSR, delegated to the Polish
Orthodox Church by the Patriarch of Moscow and elected as the head of the Orthodox Church in Poland on 7 July 1951. Earlier, in 1950, he facilitated the opening of the Orthodox Theological School in Warsaw, later transformed by Metropolitan Macarius into a
580:
After 1956, Archbishop
Timothy effectively began to manage the entire church again due to Metropolitan Macarius' advanced age and poor health. In 1957, the Office for Religious Affairs considered the idea of removing Metropolitan Macarius and reinstating Archbishop Timothy as the
428:
of
Ukrainians to the USSR took place, leading to the closure of over 160 pastoral facilities due to lack of parishioners. Timothy (Szretter) did not protest against this; in a formal letter at the turn of 1944 and 1945, he stated that leaving the parishes in
563:
At the request of Archbishop Timothy on 30 June 1948, the Polish authorities prohibited Metropolitan Dionysius from continuing to reside in the metropolitan house in Warsaw and began preparations to designate another permanent place of residence for him.
336:. However, Jerzy Szretter was positively inclined towards the plans for Polonization of the Orthodox structures in Poland. He undertook activities in this direction within the Diocese of Warsaw and Chełm after his consecration as bishop. Alongside Bishop
416:. After the formation of the Church Synod, Bishop Timothy did not join its ranks due to his pre-war pro-Polish stance, which was inconsistent with the policy of Ukrainization of the Polish Orthodox Church. On 10 August 1944, the chairman of the
255:
with seniority from 1 January 1934, and ranked 6th among Orthodox military clergy. Subsequently, as a reserve chaplain, he was called to active duty and appointed as the acting dean of the Orthodox district of
324:, his consecration took place under pressure from the Polish state authorities, who aimed to Polonize the Polish Orthodox Church, while the majority of the hierarchy and clergy in the church's structures were
1339:
393:
of Berlin and Germany, sent him back to the monastery due to his pro-Polish views. Bishop Timothy returned to active church activities on 30 September 1940, as a member of the council of bishops of the
633:
Allegations of moral nature were also raised against him. Petitions and complaints regarding the circumstances of Timothy's assumption of office, as well as his person and conduct, were sent to the
405:(the establishment of such a structure was announced by Metropolitan Dionysius at the end of September of the same year). On the same day, he was granted the title of auxiliary bishop of the
400:
460:
region. As a temporary head of the Orthodox Church structures in this region, contrary to the wishes of the local parish clergy, he opposed their transfer to the jurisdiction of the
425:
560:
granted by the Patriarchate of Constantinople and applied for its re-issuance by the Russian Orthodox Church, after which they accepted the relevant tomos from the patriarch.
634:
1325:
1497:
673:
Controversies surrounding Metropolitan Timothy persisted throughout his tenure until his death on 20 May 1962. Metropolitan Timothy (Szretter) was buried in the
651:, also protested against the electoral process. He claimed that the appointment to the office had been decided by employees of the Office for Religious Affairs,
515:. In 1948, together with Metropolitan Dionysius, he developed a project for reforming the church's administrative division, which never came into force.
618:
417:
424:, agreed to his temporary administration of the Diocese of Chełm and Podlachia. During his supervision of the aforementioned administration, the
382:
370:
1308:
1270:
647:, the Office for Religious Affairs, and the Patriarch of Moscow. One member of the Council of Bishops of the Polish Orthodox Church, Bishop
1332:
593:), although due to the destruction of documentation, it is not possible to determine the nature of his collaboration with the services.
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in 1961, the state authorities brought about the election of Timothy as metropolitan (since December 1957, he had been again the
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After graduating from the Orthodox Theological Seminary in Warsaw and ordination to the priesthood, he served in the
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as its parish priest, but it ceased its activities due to the lack of faithful interested in services in Polish.
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Timothy as Metropolitan of Warsaw and all Poland; speaking at the funeral of Metropolitan Macarius in March 1961.
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303:
137:
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In October of the same year, Bishop Timothy also took over the administration of Orthodox parishes in the
200:
46:
358:, he was one of the greatest proponents of Polonization within the clergy of the Polish Orthodox Church.
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in his area of responsibility would be sufficient. He also requested not to liquidate the monastery in
337:
314:
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389:. However, the ruling hierarch of the Diocese of Warsaw and Chełm since November 1939, Metropolitan
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545:, and Mikołaj Sieriebriannikow. On November 12, Archbishop Timothy officially served as the
750:
319:
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Troc-Sosna, A. "Ihumenia Barbara (Grosser) – przełożona monasteru na Św. Górze Grabarce".
586:
1317:
551:
of the Warsaw metropolitans. Earlier, in April of the same year, he initiated talks with
199:
as a bishop. During World War II, due to his strong support for the Polonization of the
35:
643:
629:. His election was also positively received by the Patriarch of Moscow and all Russia.
353:
275:
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Polityka wyznaniowa państwa polskiego wobec mniejszości religijnych w latach 1945–1989
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diocese and was a chaplain for Orthodox soldiers in the Polish army. In 1938, he was
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1147:. Zielona Góra: Oficyna Wydawnicza Uniwersytetu Zielonogórskiego. p. 122.
497:
446:
373:. Bishop Timothy resided there for almost the entire duration of World War II.
329:
235:
231:
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and Adam Wołowicz, who treated the Polish Orthodox Church as a mere object.
500:, he led the Białystok-Bielsko diocese, renamed on 7 September 1951, to the
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16:
Polish Orthodox clergyman, the third Metropolitan of Warsaw and all Poland
556:
Orthodox Church to the Moscow Patriarchate. The delegation renounced the
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to the reserve of military clergy, simultaneously appointed as a reserve
192:
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Church, consisting of Archbishop Timothy (Szretter) as chairman, Bishop
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298:, Metropolitan of Warsaw and all Poland. He was appointed as the
534:, priest Eugeniusz Naumow, priest Wsiewołod Łopuchowicz, priest
1321:
751:"Metropolita warszawski i całej Polski Tymoteusz (Szretter)"
712:
Wiadomości Polskiego Autokefalicznego Kościoła Prawosławnego
572:
of the Warsaw metropolitans until the arrival of Archbishop
1244:
Kościół prawosławny na ziemiach polskich w XIX i XX wieku
609:
After Macarius' departure to the USSR and his death in
1246:. Białystok: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku.
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In 1938, after the death of his wife Lidia, he took
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Archbishop Timothy (Szretter), photograph from 1960
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489:1945, he became one of the vice-presidents of the
789:Dziennik Personalny Ministerstwa Spraw Wojskowych
775:Dziennik Personalny Ministerstwa Spraw Wojskowych
313:with the title of Bishop of Lublin. According to
1263:Prawosławie na Dolnym Śląsku w latach 1945–1989
245:In December 1933, he was transferred from the
1333:
1303:. Warsaw: Warszawska Metropolia Prawosławna.
635:State Council of the Polish People's Republic
8:
242:and was assigned to the parish in Łanowiec.
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1301:Metropolita Dionizy (Waledyński) 1876–1960
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619:Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople
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418:Polish Committee of National Liberation
215:. From 1925 to 1930, he studied at the
1374:Metropolitans of Warsaw and all Poland
1282:Kościół prawosławny w Polsce 1945–1970
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162:(born May 16, 1901, in Tomachów near
29:Metropolitan of Warsaw and all Poland
7:
812:
810:
383:St. Onuphrius Monastery in Jabłeczna
371:St. Onuphrius Monastery in Jabłeczna
625:participated in the metropolitan's
396:General Government Orthodox Church
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502:Diocese of Białystok and Gdańsk
294:consecration from the hands of
51:
407:Diocese of Chełm and Podlachia
1:
605:Grave of Metropolitan Timothy
217:Orthodox Theological Seminary
286:On 27 November 1938, at the
230:. On 11 August 1930, he was
211:He completed high school in
1242:Mironowicz, Antoni (2001).
791:. Vol. 11. 1934-06-07.
675:Orthodox Cemetery in Warsaw
553:Patriarch Alexy I of Moscow
385:, where he had resided, to
304:Diocese of Warsaw and Chełm
1514:
777:. Vol. 2. 1934-01-26.
1431:
1359:
1280:Urban, Kazimierz (1996).
1265:. Toruń: Adam Marszałek.
491:Polish Ecumenical Council
138:Orthodox Cemetery, Warsaw
33:
28:
623:Romanian Orthodox Church
617:). Delegations from the
166:, died May 20, 1962, in
1455:Christianity portal
462:Russian Orthodox Church
1353:Polish Orthodox Church
1299:Dudra, Stefan (2010).
1261:Gerent, Piotr (2007).
606:
590:
485:
477:
422:Edward Osóbka-Morawski
381:, he arrived from the
377:After the outbreak of
374:
201:Polish Orthodox Church
47:Polish Orthodox Church
1143:Michalak, R. (2014).
755:www.lublin.cerkiew.pl
604:
483:
475:
369:
258:Corps District No. II
649:Bazyli Doroszkiewicz
639:Council of Ministers
296:Dionysius Waledyński
228:University of Warsaw
81:Dionysius Waledyński
918:, pp. 236–237)
879:, pp. 203–204)
855:, pp. 200–201)
831:, pp. 122, 99)
513:Grabarka Holy Mount
1310:978-83-603-11-34-9
653:Serafin Kiryłowicz
607:
486:
478:
468:After World War II
375:
248:pospolite ruszenie
1475:
1474:
1467:Poland portal
1284:. Kraków: Nomos.
1272:978-83-7441-468-5
1046:, pp. 75–76)
521:George Korenistov
496:From 1946, as an
338:Matthew Siemaszko
315:Antoni Mironowicz
153:
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148:Eastern Orthodoxy
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87:Personal details
77:27 November 1938
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681:References
577:seminary.
498:archbishop
443:Hrubieszów
330:Ukrainians
236:priesthood
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66:Ordination
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724:0239-4499
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