691:. By 1767, the English residents of Stockbridge were again working to create a separate township for themselves, behind Timothy's back. The following year, Timothy and his brother Joseph again tried to seek William Johnson's help in New York regarding land claims. The Stockbridges had to sell an additional 150 acres to pay their legal fees, and were again unsuccessful. Also in 1768, Timothy testified about the character of one of his former students, a man named Joseph Van Gelder, who was half European and half Native American. In 1769, Timothy was selected to a committee for collecting taxes from members of the Susquehanna Company, and was again elected to the General Court, serving from 1769-1771.
646:
they had made, which was still disputed. This meeting was set for late March, and Elijah and his supporters took advantage of his absence. At this time, the number of
English settlers had increased drastically, and some of them were in favor of splitting the town between the English and Native Americans. Williams called for a town meeting while Timothy was in Albany, and while many of the Native American voters were away on their winter syrup harvest. Timothy heard about this, but was apparently convinced his supporters would reelect him. Williams, however, brought in outsiders to vote for him and used a written
650:, as opposed to the past policy of translating everything into Mahican so that the Mahicans would understand. Even using these extreme tactics, Williams still only won by a three-vote margin. Timothy and his supporters were outraged and demanded an investigation. A petition was sent to Governor Bernard in May with 23 signatures, and Timothy sent another letter in December with 16 signatures. The investigation was delayed until October, and confirmed many of their charges, however the results were allowed to stand.
440:, and so refused to abandon his post, resulting in a battle for control. In April, Timothy and other supporters of Edwards met to encourage the few remaining students' families that they should remove their children from Kellogg's classes. In response, Dwight presented a report to the General Court, stating that Kellogg's methods had been working well, until Edwards and Woodbridge interfered, and tried to get Edwards removed as minister. A rare point of agreement between the two camps was that the
114:
281:, as well as the mission in general. Soon after the council, several of the locals, including Lieutenant Umpachenee's family, fell seriously ill, and they were convinced they had been poisoned by their discontented brethren. They asked that Timothy pray for them, and that they be given a Christian burial, if they should die, which two individuals did. A few weeks later, determined to discover the perpetrator, the spiritual leaders held a type of
777:
702:, in March 1773, regarding the admission of three boys to Moor's Indian Charity School, which was a school for training Native Americans to be missionaries themselves. In June, the Stockbridges petitioned that Timothy be allowed to sell as much as their land as was required, being that their tribe was greatly in debt, and some members imprisoned on those grounds. Their petition was again granted. In December, Timothy wrote to Governor
597:, died at a young age on September 24, 1757. Jonathan Edwards was sought out as a potential replacement, but left the decision up to a council of ministers. Timothy pleaded to the council that Edwards should remain in Stockbridge to no avail, and Edwards soon left for Princeton, and died shortly thereafter. Timothy was a witness to Edwards' will.
367:. One of the conditions of the grant was that four new English families be allowed to settle there, and Timothy's brother Joseph, who became an important citizen, soon joined him. This same year, Timothy was involved in a land swap with the Indians, trading 280 acres of riverfront land in Stockbridge for some 4000 acres in what is now the city of
791:
505:, asking that the sum be increased and the payment made promptly, to avoid retaliation. On April 2, 1754, the court increased the payment to 20 pounds. This, too, was delayed, and Edwards wrote to expedite the payment, and it was finally made, which mostly quelled the potential uprising, but left some harsh feelings.
675:
Timothy was again elected to the
General Court in 1765. In October, he was granted oversight of sales for the Stockbridges, so that they could settle their debts and retain some of their more productive land that they had pawned. He could also supervise grant temporary leases for lands that they were
444:
craze was drawing many of the
Mohawks away. Timothy had been elected to the General Court, and so was able to refute this testimony, as well as to inform Edwards of the proceedings. This feud continued through Edwards' stay in Stockbridge. In addition to being elected as a representative, Timothy, by
418:
Despite the maneuvering of the
Williams family, Jonathan Edwards became the successor to John Sergeant and became the resident minister on August 9, 1751. Timothy, as clerk, wrote up a land deed for Edwards the following April. A man named John Wauwaumpequunnaunt served as translator for Edwards, and
293:
for their annual supply of sugar. Timothy took this opportunity to return to
Springfield to visit friends and relatives, returning in early spring. Sergeant returned for a short time, and they took turns at the two Mahican settlements. When Sergeant returned to Yale again, he wrote Dr. Colman, one of
464:
On
January 3, 1753, Timothy was appointed as guardian of the Mohawk children at the boarding school. In February, the boarding school mysteriously burnt down, and Hawley lost everything. It was widely believed that the Williams/Dwight/Kellogg faction had set the fire, although this was never proven.
382:
1749 was a tumultuous year for
Timothy and Stockbridge. The Mahicans had many complaints, including that Timothy had illegally purchased a tract of land without the consent of the entire tribe, so a committee was sent to investigate. Despite the fact that the sale was confirmed to be illegal, it was
269:
on
December 9. As schoolmaster, he taught reading and writing of English, cleanliness, English manners, and Christian morals. On January 19, 1735, a council with Mahican leadership was held, and they voiced their desire that Timothy would remain with them, and that John Sergeant would return to live
645:
Timothy had again been elected to the legislature in 1762, but was not reelected the following year due to an election rigged by Elijah
Williams. In November 1762, the Susquehanna Company voted him to be a part of a committee to meet with the Native American chiefs at Albany to discuss the purchase
605:
In
November 1758, another petition was sent to Thomas Pownall, requesting that Timothy be allowed to purchase another 350 acres of the Stockbridges' land. During these times, church attendance was often mandatory at a certain frequency, and tythingmen were charged with making sure that the families
671:
in November 1764, asking that they be allowed the same rights to sell their lands as the English. By this time, most citizens on both sides, including Timothy Woodbridge, were in favor of creating a separate township for the Native Americans and the Woodbridge family and friends. However, when the
666:
in selecting the settlers of these new townships. Due to a history of disputed and lopsided land sales, there were strict laws in place regarding the sale of lands by the Native Americans. This handcuffed them from being able to support themselves when they had no other means of generating income,
641:
requesting help in apprehending the murderer of a Stockbridge man named Cheneaquun in Albany. In May, he was selected to a committee to "direct and inspect" the settlement of Susquehanna Company land. In June, the General Court granted 1500 pounds to Timothy, to be distributed to the Stockbridges,
391:
Timothy was again elected as town clerk in 1749, and effectively oversaw the mission during the search for a replacement minister. At this time his school had an enrollment of 55 students, and his salary was about 87 pounds for six months of teaching. In November and December, Timothy had several
553:
in the quest to control the North American continent. In late summer of 1754, before they were officially at war, France was encouraging certain tribes, such as the Schaghticokes, Onahgungoes, and Orondocks, to take revenge on the British for the wrongs that had been committed against them, and
325:
The Woodbridges had built a house, the first permanent residence in the township, by January 1737, and John Sergeant lodged with them at this time, to live among his congregation. On May 7, the town, then known only as "Indian Town", was confirmed to the Mahicans, and funding was granted for a
302:. When he felt well enough to travel, he returned to Springfield, only to relapse, delaying his return until November. During the winter of 1736, Sergeant and Woodbridge decided to accompany the Mahicans on their maple syrup harvest, so that their education could continue, uninterrupted.
322:, to the Mahicans, so that they could all live in one place, facilitating their education. Sergeant and Woodbridge each were to be granted 1/16th of the land, although Timothy lodged with Captain Konkapot that spring. At this time, the population increased to about ninety individuals.
628:
was incorporated in spring of 1761, and Timothy Woodbridge was selected as an associate judge for the Court of Common Pleas. The very first meeting of the court was held at his house in July. In January 1762, Timothy was the moderator for another meeting of the Susquehanna Company in
554:
several attacks and murders were committed. In October, Timothy Woodbridge met with some of the Canadian chiefs, to try to determine the reason for their unprovoked attacks, when the two parent nations were at peace (albeit very tenuously). The following year, Timothy was listed as a
561:
At about the same time, Jonathan Edwards fell ill, and Dwight redoubled his efforts to regain control of the boarding school (and the funding that came with it). Timothy led a delegation of Stockbridge natives to Boston to testify to their support of both Edwards and himself.
298:, and requested that Timothy would be compensated so that he might continue there, being that there was enough work for two missionaries. Sergeant returned to stay in early July, and they resumed trading places on a weekly basis. In August, Timothy fell ill with a form of
326:
schoolhouse and meeting house to be constructed in August, with Timothy appointed to the supervising committee. In 1737, Timothy and Abigail served as witnesses to a land deal between Colonel John Stoddard and the Native Americans, comprising the modern town of
178:
called him "a man of abilities... always poor, and had a powerful party against him; but he rose to be the first man in the county." Timothy worked very closely with all three men. He was instrumental in the purchase of large tracts of land in western
525:, on January 9, 1754, and granted a free share in the company. They hoped his reputation and experience with Native Americans would ensure successful negotiations, and he has appointed an agent of the company, to actually negotiate the deal with the
536:
from June 19 to July 11, which Timothy attended, working behind the scenes to secure the Susquehanna purchase for Connecticut. However, this purchase was disputed, and Chief Hendrick gave the same land to Pennsylvania, which resulted in an
358:
On June 22, 1739, the town of Stockbridge was incorporated, and the Rev. Arthur Lawrence, a Stockbridge historian, found it very probable that Timothy was responsible for the name, as the Woodbridges had come from a neighboring town of
497:
revealed that they had been invited to partake in a massacre of the English. A town meeting was held, where it was made apparent that the conspirators were but a few, and the majority knew nothing of it, but the town remained on edge.
285:
ceremony. When Timothy learned of this, he set out to observe the ceremony, arriving just in time. After the ceremony, he voiced his great displeasure of their "sinful" method of worship, and they agreed never to repeat the mistake.
661:
within the Susquehanna purchase, and to determine the method of settling these eight, as well as two other towns. He was granted a salary of 20 pounds per month for six months for this task. In May, he was selected to represent the
493:, but this hardly satisfied the bereft family. Combined with harsh feelings resulting from the fallout of the Stockbridge feud, resentment increased to a fervor. Guns went missing and meetings with distant tribes were made. Some
173:
described his efforts in this way: "Mr. Woodbridge ... has a very numerous school and a tedious task of it; lives a very lonesome life; is indeed indefatigable in his business; and no body deserves more of the publick than he."
427:
Management of the boarding school was an ongoing source of contention in Stockbridge. Martin Kellogg had been leading the school, to which Edwards and Woodbridge objected. They requested that a new teacher be sent, and
383:
decided he should keep the land. John Sergeant's death in July left the town without a resident minister for over two years, and began a feud for control of the town between the Woodbridges and Williamses.
642:
for giving up their rights to disputed lands. This was augmented by another 200 pounds the following February. Timothy later supplied the court with a detailed listing of the distribution of this money.
569:
In fall of 1756, Timothy was again involved in a couple large land deals. In September, he was witness (as Justice of the Peace) to a deed of purchase of over 20,000 acres, including the modern town of
396:
that lands be confirmed, in exchange for a loan he had made to the Mahicans in 1740, and a statement regarding lands he had been granted previously. In April 1750, Timothy and others made a request of
1622:
706:, requesting compensation for those Stockbridge Native Americans who had fought for the British during the French and American War. Shortly before his death, Timothy was chosen a member of the
249:
to complete his duties as a tutor, so the ministers associated with the mission sought Timothy out as an ideal candidate, due to his education, family history, and possibly, knowledge of their
465:
As a result, it was decided that Hawley might be more successful if he lived among the Mohawks, instead of having them come to him. So, on May 22, 1753, Timothy and Gideon took a trip to
273:
However, not all of the Mahicans agreed that they should submit to the English lifestyle, and rumors circulated that there was resentment about Chief Konkapot and Umpachenee being given
672:
commissioners proposed that the English would then have to support their own school and church, without the mission funding, the proposal was almost universally opposed by the English.
330:. Timothy would be involved with many more purchases and land swaps in the coming years. During the winter of 1738-39, Sergeant and Woodbridge worked to create a passable road from
1627:
489:
volunteer detective, was killed by white men after he approached them, regarding horses he believed they had stolen. The men were arrested, and one was found guilty of
733:, on November 23, 1736. When their daughter Abigail (the first European child born in the township) was born just over five months later, they each had to pay a fifty
1632:
257:
settled at the mission, and little more than twenty children attended the school. Timothy arrived the last week of November, 1734, while Sergeant was away at
549:
The British had an ulterior motive for much of their interaction with the Iroquois nation, that of trying to win their affiliation against France, their
1617:
762:
219:, is named in his honor. Timothy's father died young, when a tree fell on him in 1718. John left Timothy one fifth of his land in the town of
574:, from the Stockbridges. About a month later, he was part of the group which made the Shawenon Purchase, which encompassed most of modern
253:. Sergeant himself called Timothy "a young gentleman very well qualify'd for the business". At this time, there were about forty or fifty
667:
such as in old age or to settle their debts. On this subject, Timothy lobbied the government during the winter of 1763-1764 and wrote to
199:
Timothy Woodbridge was born on February 27, 1709, to Reverend John Woodbridge VIII and Jemima Eliot. His father, the first minister of
501:
The General Court voted to compensate the family six pounds, but the payment was delayed such that Timothy and Joseph Dwight wrote to
158:
473:
territory. The British were especially motivated to establish a relationship with the Six Nations as they foresaw the onset of the
681:
638:
625:
615:
454:
397:
200:
606:
under their watch were attending. If one failed to attend, they were given a choice of paying a fine or spending a day in the
413:
347:
166:
436:(the resident Mahicans were still taught at Woodbridge's school). However, Kellogg was supported by the Williamses and
654:
311:
618:. Timothy advised them to go the stockade route rather than pay a fine, and even went as far as accompanying them to
364:
319:
242:
232:
170:
150:
146:
68:
42:
400:, governor of New Hampshire, for a grant of a township. In the winter of 1750-51, a number of Mohawks, including
327:
220:
663:
619:
331:
758:
274:
216:
212:
550:
360:
266:
514:
1585:
The Woodbridge record: being an account of the descendants of the Rev. John Woodbridge, of Newbury, Mass
754:
688:
630:
575:
474:
343:
295:
188:
707:
1612:
1607:
782:
594:
571:
538:
486:
446:
401:
368:
184:
715:
532:
In an effort to strengthen their relationship with the Iroquois Nation, the British organized the
750:
730:
419:
also assisted Timothy in his school, and Edwards lobbied that he be compensated more generously.
714:
of King George III. However, with his loyalty lying with the colonies in the days preceding the
412:
Further information on the circumstances leading to Jonathan Edwards coming to Stockbridge:
169:
said, "By his long-proved justice and integrity, he has gained a vast esteem with the Indians".
379:, and the next year, Timothy sold some of his land granted by the General Court to Ephraim Sr.
113:
699:
339:
204:
1511:
796:
746:
695:
687:
In June 1766, Timothy issued a warrant for a meeting to elect officers, to form the town of
376:
315:
278:
258:
250:
404:
and Chief Nicholas, relocated to Stockbridge, increasing their population to about ninety.
634:
563:
533:
502:
372:
215:, the "Apostle to the Indians". His brother Benjamin was also a minister, and the town of
208:
738:
590:
586:
582:
518:
458:
1601:
703:
668:
450:
437:
433:
429:
393:
392:
real estate dealings, including a bargain with Konkapot and Umpachene, a petition to
363:. Due to its new status, town officers had to be elected, and Timothy was chosen for
262:
175:
72:
50:
46:
729:
Timothy married Abigail Day, a descendant of Robert Day, one of the founders of the
622:, to ensure they weren't treated badly, as was usually the case with the stockades.
1235:, The Times of Old Austerlitz, Austerlitz Historical Society, Autumn 2010, pp. 1,3.
611:
522:
490:
246:
162:
1505:
1319:, Cornell University, Division of Rare and Manuscript Collections, April 20, 1762.
1084:, Richard Henry Winslow Dwight Collection, Volume 50, 1744-1911, Williams College.
290:
203:, was the eighth generation of ministers by the name John Woodbridge, including
180:
873:
A Digest of the Early Connecticut Probate Records: Hartford district, 1700-1792
772:
555:
449:
in 1752, at the recommendation of Edwards. Timothy later made a judge of both
282:
142:
126:
91:
83:
334:, greatly increasing the accessibility of their town. Timothy was the senior
677:
676:
not using. The same year, Timothy became involved with a grievance of the
734:
711:
658:
607:
470:
466:
742:
441:
299:
254:
154:
134:
1536:
Documents Relating to the Connecticut Settlement in the Wyoming Valley
647:
526:
494:
335:
211:, and his brother was the ninth. His mother was the granddaughter of
130:
1564:
Stockbridge: Past and Present; or, Records of an Old Mission Station
633:, and was voted a member of the committee to prepare their case for
637:
to confirm their purchase. In April, he wrote a letter to Governor
485:
There was a near uprising in town when a man named Wampaumcorse, a
517:, a company interested in purchasing a large tract of land in the
371:, his part of which was 480 acres. In 1743, the Mahicans wrote to
265:, and the mission was left in his hands when Sergeant returned to
138:
87:
566:
used his growing influence with Governor Shirley, against them.
445:
then known to the Native Americans as Solohkuwauneh, was made a
745:
servant couple with at least one child of their own. Their son
1527:
Edwards, Jonathan; Rogers, Henry; and Dwight, Sereno Edwards.
1011:
An Historical sketch of the Congregational Church, Stockbridge
1592:
History of Great Barrington (Berkshire County,) Massachusetts
721:
Timothy died on May 10, 1774, and is buried in Stockbridge.
1510:. Brattleboro, VT: Transcript Publishing Company. p.
960:, Massachusetts Archaeological Society, April 1958, p. 48.
749:
fought in the American Revolution, was the first mayor of
233:
John Sergeant (missionary) § Establishing the mission
289:
In February, the Mahicans went into the woods to harvest
231:
Further information on establishment of the mission:
1013:,Congregational Church (Stockbridge, Mass.), 1888, p. 8.
680:
tribe, regarding land claims in New York, and wrote to
558:
on a muster roll of Stockbridge, under Joseph Dwight.
1623:
Members of the Massachusetts House of Representatives
1557:
Historical Memoirs Relating to the Housatonic Indians
1550:
Report on the Stockbridge Indians: to the Legislature
1071:, Cornell University Rare and Manuscripts Collections
1571:
History of Berkshire County, Massachusetts - Vol. 2
1430:
Misc Manuscripts V, filed under John Van Rensselaer
741:". The Woodbridges had ten children and also had a
125:(February 27, 1709 – May 10, 1774) was an American
106:
98:
79:
57:
28:
21:
432:arrived in February 1752 to teach the Mohawks and
585:, requesting legislation restricting the sale of
1155:
1153:
414:Jonathan Edwards (theologian) § Later years
375:, asking that lands be confirmed to Timothy and
350:, and become his greatest ally in Stockbridge).
191:, by parlaying this reputation and experience.
1463:General Court House of Representatives, p. 17.
1168:General Court House of Representatives, p. 14.
183:from the Native Americans, such as modern-day
1403:
1401:
1391:
1389:
1379:
1377:
1367:
1365:
875:, Peck & Company, printers, 1904, p. 454.
145:, and Superintendent of Indian Affairs, from
8:
1628:Protestant missionaries in the United States
1552:, Wright & Potter, state printers, 1870.
1339:Commonwealth of Massachusetts Senate Records
858:
856:
819:
817:
509:Susquehanna Company and The Albany Congress
161:to read and write, English customs and the
18:
1420:, State Library of Massachusetts, p. 817.
1548:General Court House of Representatives.
1476:, Edward E. Ayer, Ayer Collection, 1911.
1279:, Cornell University, November 24, 1758.
1587:, Tuttle, Morehouse & Taylor, 1883.
813:
461:was later destroyed by a fire in 1846.
457:, in 1761. Unfortunately, his historic
294:the Commissioners of Indian Affairs at
1633:18th-century Massachusetts politicians
763:United States House of Representatives
149:, who spent most of his adult life in
1545:, University of Nebraska Press, 1994.
7:
1538:, E. K. Meyes, Harrisburg, PA, 1893.
1432:, New York Historical Society, 1768.
610:. Such was the case with a group of
338:of the church, and identified as a
1317:Letter to Governor Francis Bernard
991:, C. Scribner's Sons, 1894,p. 304.
581:In October 1757, Timothy wrote to
94:, Superintendent of Indian Affairs
14:
1618:American Protestant missionaries
789:
775:
657:of a committee to lay out eight
112:
1416:Secretary of the Commonwealth,
737:fine after pleading guilty to "
398:Sir John Wentworth, 1st Baronet
201:West Springfield, Massachusetts
1594:, C. W. Bryan & co., 1882.
1580:, Yale University Press, 2003.
1337:Secretary of the Commonwealth.
653:In April, Timothy was elected
1:
1529:The Works of Jonathan Edwards
871:Manwaring, Charles Williams.
346:(he would later help recruit
1573:, J. B. Beers and Co., 1883.
1566:, S. Bowels & Co., 1854
1543:The Mohicans of Stockbridge
1264:Jonathan Edwards' Last Will
739:fornication before marriage
513:Timothy was voted into the
342:regarding the contemporary
1649:
1507:Men of Vermont Illustrated
1418:Acts and Resolves: 1765-66
761:, who was a member of the
411:
314:granted a township on the
245:had arranged to return to
230:
151:Stockbridge, Massachusetts
147:Springfield, Massachusetts
1504:Ullery, Jacob G. (1894).
1452:Letter to Rev. Wheelock,
1275:Yokun, Jehoiakim, et al.
589:to the Native Americans.
279:Governor Jonathan Belcher
221:Wethersfield, Connecticut
111:
1578:Jonathan Edwards: A Life
1569:Learning, Gale Cengage.
1277:Letter to Thomas Pownall
664:Massachusetts Bay Colony
1562:Jones, Electa Fidelia.
1474:Letter to William Tryon
989:Origins in Williamstown
759:Frederick E. Woodbridge
757:. Enoch's grandson was
753:, and a justice of the
217:Woodbridge, Connecticut
1233:The Deed to Austerlitz
987:Perry, Arthur Latham.
958:The Housatonic Indians
408:Jonathan Edwards years
361:Stockbridge, Hampshire
171:Reverend John Sergeant
1472:Woodbridge, Timothy.
1450:Woodbridge, Timothy.
1315:Woodbridge, Timothy.
1253:Marsden, pp. 430-431.
1009:Field, David Dudley.
832:Marsden, pp. 398–399.
755:Vermont Supreme Court
631:Hartford, Connecticut
576:Alford, Massachusetts
545:French and Indian War
481:Rumors of an uprising
475:French and Indian War
318:, which would become
189:Alford, Massachusetts
1559:, S. Kneeland, 1753.
1288:Taylor, pp. 185-187.
1244:Learning, pp. 586-7.
1186:Learning, pp. 89-90.
902:Edwards, p. clxxxiv.
783:United States portal
595:Princeton University
572:Austerlitz, New York
447:Justice of the Peace
377:Ephraim Williams Jr.
275:military commissions
1590:Taylor, Charles J.
1576:Marsden, George M.
1350:Marsden, pp. 184-5.
1262:Edwards, Jonathan.
1177:Marsden, pp. 403-4.
1080:Williams, Ephraim.
920:Frazier, pp. 29-31.
593:, the president of
515:Susquehanna Company
261:, meeting with the
16:American politician
1541:Frazier, Patrick.
1093:Edwards, p. clxxi.
1069:Stockbridge Papers
956:Brown, Raymond H.
751:Vergennes, Vermont
731:Connecticut Colony
708:Governor's Council
551:frequent adversary
354:Stockbridge formed
209:John Woodbridge VI
163:Christian religion
123:Timothy Woodbridge
23:Timothy Woodbridge
1583:Mitchell, Louis.
1555:Hopkins, Samuel.
1534:Egle, William H.
1297:Learning, p. 321.
1266:, March 14, 1758.
1000:Learning, p. 575.
978:Learning, p. 282.
716:Revolutionary War
700:Dartmouth College
694:Timothy wrote to
684:on their behalf.
310:On March 25, the
205:John Woodbridge V
120:
119:
1640:
1531:, W. Ball, 1839.
1516:
1515:
1501:
1495:
1494:Marsden, p. 104.
1492:
1486:
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1477:
1470:
1464:
1461:
1455:
1448:
1442:
1439:
1433:
1427:
1421:
1414:
1408:
1407:Marsden, p. 169.
1405:
1396:
1395:Lerning, p. 313.
1393:
1384:
1383:Marsden, p. 185.
1381:
1372:
1371:Marsden, p. 181.
1369:
1360:
1359:Egle, pp. 48,60.
1357:
1351:
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1342:
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1251:
1245:
1242:
1236:
1229:
1223:
1222:Marsden, p. 412.
1220:
1214:
1213:Learning, p. 94.
1211:
1205:
1204:Marsden, p. 408.
1202:
1196:
1193:
1187:
1184:
1178:
1175:
1169:
1166:
1160:
1157:
1148:
1147:Frazier, p. 103.
1145:
1139:
1138:Marsden, p. 583.
1136:
1130:
1129:Marsden, p. 399.
1127:
1121:
1120:Frazier, p. 101.
1118:
1112:
1111:Marsden, p. 393.
1109:
1103:
1102:Learning, p. 87.
1100:
1094:
1091:
1085:
1078:
1072:
1065:
1059:
1058:Frazier, p. 104.
1056:
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1038:
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1023:
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1007:
1001:
998:
992:
985:
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970:
967:
961:
954:
948:
945:
939:
936:
930:
927:
921:
918:
912:
909:
903:
900:
894:
891:
885:
882:
876:
869:
863:
862:Mitchell, p. 20.
860:
851:
850:Marsden, p. 103.
848:
842:
839:
833:
830:
824:
823:Mitchell, p. 32.
821:
799:
797:Biography portal
794:
793:
792:
785:
780:
779:
778:
747:Enoch Woodbridge
696:Eleazar Wheelock
626:Berkshire County
616:Great Barrington
541:for many years.
503:Governor Shirley
423:Feud for control
373:Governor Shirley
348:Jonathan Edwards
316:Housatonic River
167:Jonathan Edwards
159:Native Americans
116:
64:
39:27 February 1709
38:
36:
19:
1648:
1647:
1643:
1642:
1641:
1639:
1638:
1637:
1598:
1597:
1519:
1503:
1502:
1498:
1493:
1489:
1485:Frazier, p. 46.
1484:
1480:
1471:
1467:
1462:
1458:
1449:
1445:
1440:
1436:
1428:
1424:
1415:
1411:
1406:
1399:
1394:
1387:
1382:
1375:
1370:
1363:
1358:
1354:
1349:
1345:
1336:
1332:
1327:
1323:
1314:
1310:
1305:
1301:
1296:
1292:
1287:
1283:
1274:
1270:
1261:
1257:
1252:
1248:
1243:
1239:
1230:
1226:
1221:
1217:
1212:
1208:
1203:
1199:
1194:
1190:
1185:
1181:
1176:
1172:
1167:
1163:
1158:
1151:
1146:
1142:
1137:
1133:
1128:
1124:
1119:
1115:
1110:
1106:
1101:
1097:
1092:
1088:
1079:
1075:
1066:
1062:
1057:
1053:
1049:Hopkins, p. iv.
1048:
1044:
1039:
1035:
1031:Frazier, p. 84.
1030:
1026:
1022:Frazier, p. 48.
1021:
1017:
1008:
1004:
999:
995:
986:
982:
977:
973:
969:Hopkins, p. 59.
968:
964:
955:
951:
946:
942:
938:Frazier, p. 32.
937:
933:
929:Hopkins, p. 26.
928:
924:
919:
915:
911:Hopkins, p. 22.
910:
906:
901:
897:
893:Hopkins, p. 27.
892:
888:
884:Frazier, p. 23.
883:
879:
870:
866:
861:
854:
849:
845:
841:Hopkins, p. 51.
840:
836:
831:
827:
822:
815:
806:
795:
790:
788:
781:
776:
774:
771:
727:
718:, he declined.
682:William Johnson
639:Francis Bernard
635:King George III
603:
564:Israel Williams
547:
539:ongoing dispute
534:Albany Congress
511:
483:
425:
416:
410:
389:
356:
344:Great Awakening
308:
240:
235:
229:
227:Missionary life
223:, in his will.
197:
153:, teaching the
75:
66:
62:
53:
40:
34:
32:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1646:
1644:
1636:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1600:
1599:
1596:
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1588:
1581:
1574:
1567:
1560:
1553:
1546:
1539:
1532:
1524:
1523:
1518:
1517:
1496:
1487:
1478:
1465:
1456:
1443:
1434:
1422:
1409:
1397:
1385:
1373:
1361:
1352:
1343:
1341:, 16 May 1865.
1330:
1321:
1308:
1299:
1290:
1281:
1268:
1255:
1246:
1237:
1231:Light, Sally.
1224:
1215:
1206:
1197:
1188:
1179:
1170:
1161:
1159:Jones, p. 135.
1149:
1140:
1131:
1122:
1113:
1104:
1095:
1086:
1073:
1060:
1051:
1042:
1040:Taylor, p. 33.
1033:
1024:
1015:
1002:
993:
980:
971:
962:
949:
947:Taylor, p. 64.
940:
931:
922:
913:
904:
895:
886:
877:
864:
852:
843:
834:
825:
812:
811:
810:
805:
802:
801:
800:
786:
770:
767:
726:
723:
602:
599:
591:Aaron Burr Sr.
583:Thomas Pownall
546:
543:
519:Wyoming Valley
510:
507:
482:
479:
424:
421:
409:
406:
402:Chief Hendrick
388:
385:
355:
352:
307:
304:
239:
236:
228:
225:
196:
193:
143:representative
118:
117:
109:
108:
104:
103:
100:
96:
95:
81:
77:
76:
67:
65:(aged 65)
59:
55:
54:
41:
30:
26:
25:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1645:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
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1603:
1593:
1589:
1586:
1582:
1579:
1575:
1572:
1568:
1565:
1561:
1558:
1554:
1551:
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1544:
1540:
1537:
1533:
1530:
1526:
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1521:
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1513:
1509:
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1500:
1497:
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1469:
1466:
1460:
1457:
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1431:
1426:
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1413:
1410:
1404:
1402:
1398:
1392:
1390:
1386:
1380:
1378:
1374:
1368:
1366:
1362:
1356:
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1325:
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1318:
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1303:
1300:
1294:
1291:
1285:
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1278:
1272:
1269:
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1256:
1250:
1247:
1241:
1238:
1234:
1228:
1225:
1219:
1216:
1210:
1207:
1201:
1198:
1192:
1189:
1183:
1180:
1174:
1171:
1165:
1162:
1156:
1154:
1150:
1144:
1141:
1135:
1132:
1126:
1123:
1117:
1114:
1108:
1105:
1099:
1096:
1090:
1087:
1083:
1077:
1074:
1070:
1064:
1061:
1055:
1052:
1046:
1043:
1037:
1034:
1028:
1025:
1019:
1016:
1012:
1006:
1003:
997:
994:
990:
984:
981:
975:
972:
966:
963:
959:
953:
950:
944:
941:
935:
932:
926:
923:
917:
914:
908:
905:
899:
896:
890:
887:
881:
878:
874:
868:
865:
859:
857:
853:
847:
844:
838:
835:
829:
826:
820:
818:
814:
808:
807:
803:
798:
787:
784:
773:
768:
766:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
724:
722:
719:
717:
713:
709:
705:
704:William Tryon
701:
698:, founder of
697:
692:
690:
685:
683:
679:
673:
670:
669:Andrew Oliver
665:
660:
656:
651:
649:
643:
640:
636:
632:
627:
623:
621:
617:
613:
609:
600:
598:
596:
592:
588:
584:
579:
577:
573:
567:
565:
559:
557:
552:
544:
542:
540:
535:
530:
528:
524:
520:
516:
508:
506:
504:
499:
496:
492:
488:
480:
478:
476:
472:
468:
462:
460:
456:
452:
448:
443:
439:
438:Joseph Dwight
435:
431:
430:Gideon Hawley
422:
420:
415:
407:
405:
403:
399:
395:
394:Spencer Phips
386:
384:
380:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
353:
351:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
323:
321:
317:
313:
312:General Court
305:
303:
301:
297:
292:
287:
284:
280:
276:
271:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
243:John Sergeant
237:
234:
226:
224:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
194:
192:
190:
186:
182:
177:
176:Gideon Hawley
172:
168:
165:. About him,
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
135:schoolteacher
132:
128:
124:
115:
110:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
82:
80:Occupation(s)
78:
74:
73:Massachusetts
70:
60:
56:
52:
48:
47:Massachusetts
44:
31:
27:
20:
1591:
1584:
1577:
1570:
1563:
1556:
1549:
1542:
1535:
1528:
1506:
1499:
1490:
1481:
1473:
1468:
1459:
1451:
1446:
1441:Egle, p. 66.
1437:
1429:
1425:
1417:
1412:
1355:
1346:
1338:
1333:
1328:Egle, p. 43.
1324:
1316:
1311:
1306:Egle, p. 39.
1302:
1293:
1284:
1276:
1271:
1263:
1258:
1249:
1240:
1232:
1227:
1218:
1209:
1200:
1195:Egle, p. 14.
1191:
1182:
1173:
1164:
1143:
1134:
1125:
1116:
1107:
1098:
1089:
1082:1750 April 6
1081:
1076:
1068:
1063:
1054:
1045:
1036:
1027:
1018:
1010:
1005:
996:
988:
983:
974:
965:
957:
952:
943:
934:
925:
916:
907:
898:
889:
880:
872:
867:
846:
837:
828:
728:
720:
693:
686:
674:
652:
644:
624:
604:
580:
568:
560:
548:
531:
523:Pennsylvania
512:
500:
491:manslaughter
487:Schaghticoke
484:
463:
455:Common Pleas
426:
417:
390:
381:
357:
324:
309:
288:
272:
270:among them.
241:
198:
122:
121:
63:(1774-05-10)
1613:1774 deaths
1608:1709 births
601:Later years
332:New Glasgow
320:Stockbridge
306:Indian Town
291:maple syrup
238:Early years
181:New England
102:Abigail Day
69:Stockbridge
61:10 May 1774
43:Springfield
1602:Categories
804:References
556:lieutenant
521:of modern
365:town clerk
328:Pittsfield
283:divination
213:John Eliot
195:Early life
157:and other
137:, later a
127:missionary
92:Legislator
84:Missionary
35:1709-02-27
1067:Various.
678:Wappinger
659:townships
655:president
620:Sheffield
340:New Light
267:New Haven
107:Signature
769:See also
735:shilling
712:mandamus
612:Dutchmen
471:Iroquois
467:Onaquaga
255:Mahicans
251:language
155:Mahicans
1522:Sources
587:alcohol
527:sachems
453:and of
451:probate
442:ginseng
434:Oneidas
387:Interim
300:malaria
263:Mohawks
1454:, 1773
725:Family
689:Becket
648:ballot
608:stocks
495:slaves
459:docket
336:deacon
296:Boston
259:Albany
131:deacon
99:Spouse
809:Notes
743:slave
469:, in
369:Lenox
185:Lenox
139:judge
88:Judge
247:Yale
207:and
187:and
133:and
58:Died
51:U.S.
29:Born
1512:176
710:by
614:in
277:by
1604::
1400:^
1388:^
1376:^
1364:^
1152:^
855:^
816:^
765:.
578:.
529:.
477:.
141:,
129:,
90:,
86:,
71:,
49:,
45:,
1514:.
37:)
33:(
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