1026:
93:
650:
141:
40:
1153:
467:
601:. The wood is first roasted around a fire before shaping the key to achieve the desired tone. The resonator is tuned to the key through careful choice of size of resonator, adjustment of the diameter of the mouth of the resonator using wasp wax and adjustment of the height of the key above the resonator. A skilled maker can produce startling amplification. The mallets used to play
907:
371:
577:
449:. Others are "trough" xylophones with a single hollow body that acts as a resonator for all the bars. Old methods consisted of arranging the bars on tied bundles of straw, and, is still practiced today, placing the bars adjacent to each other in a ladder-like layout. Ancient mallets were made of willow wood with spoon-like bowls on the beaten ends.
130:
966:. The amadinda is made of twelve logs which are tuned in a pentatonic scale. It mainly is played by three players. Two players sit opposite of each other and play the same logs in an interlocking technique in a fast tempo. It has no gourd resonators or buzzing tone, two characteristics of many other African xylophones.
484:
more recently challenged by ethnomusicologist and linguist Roger Blench who posits an independent origin in of the
Xylophone in Africa, citing, among the evidence for local invention, distinct features of African xylophones and the greater variety of xylophone types and proto-xylophone-like instruments in Africa.
1192:
or more octave range of performance xylophones. The bass xylophone ranges are written from middle C to A an octave higher but sound one octave lower than written. The alto ranges are written from middle C to A an octave higher and sound as written. The soprano ranges are written from middle C to A an
457:
Xylophones should be played with very hard rubber, polyball, or acrylic mallets. Sometimes medium to hard rubber mallets, very hard core, or yarn mallets are used for softer effects. Lighter tones can be created on xylophones by using wooden-headed mallets made from rosewood, ebony, birch, or other
1135:
In the United States, there are
Zimbabwean marimba bands in particularly high concentration in the Pacific Northwest, Colorado, and New Mexico, but bands exist from the East Coast through California and even to Hawaii and Alaska. The main event for this community is ZimFest, the annual Zimbabwean
483:
The instrument has obscure ancient origins. Nettl proposed that it originated in southeast Asia and came to Africa c. AD 500 when a group of Malayo-Polynesian speaking peoples migrated to Africa, and compared East
African xylophone orchestras and Javanese and Balinese gamelan orchestras. This was
748:
their parts. The composer then consults with the choreographer of the ceremony and adjustments are made. The longest and most important of these is the "Mzeno" which will include a song telling of an issue of local importance or even making fun of a prominent figure in the community! Performers
1045:("wooden clatter"). There follow other descriptions of the instrument, though the term "xylophone" is not used until the 1860s. The instrument was associated largely with the folk music of Central Europe, notably Poland and eastern Germany. An early version appeared in
1216:) music. The first of these transcriptions had originally been used for music education in Zimbabwe. Zimbabwean instruments are often in a diatonic C major scale, which allows them to be played with a 'western-tuned' mbira (G nyamaropa), sometimes with an added F
1066:, whose instrument was the five-row xylophone made of 28 crude wooden bars arranged in semitones in the form of a trapezoid and resting on straw supports. There were no resonators and it was played fast with spoon-shaped sticks. According to musicologist
681:
is typically played in large ensembles in a choreographed dance, perhaps depicting a historical drama. Ensembles consist of around ten xylophones of three or four sizes. A full orchestra would have two bass instruments called
440:
below the bars to enhance the tone and sustain. Frames are made of wood or cheap steel tubing: more expensive xylophones feature height adjustment and more stability in the stand. In other music cultures some versions have
2613:
1136:
Music
Festival. The bands are composed of instruments from high sopranos, through to lower soprano, tenor, baritone, and bass. Resonators are usually made with holes covered by thin cellophane (similar to the
897:
gourds. Spider web silk covers small holes in the gourds to produce a buzzing sound and antelope sinew and leather are used for the fastenings. The instrument is played with rubber-headed wooden mallets.
893:, a region that shares many musical traditions with those of northern Ivory Coast and Ghana. It is made with 14 wooden keys of an African hardwood called liga attached to a wooden frame, below which hang
1441:
Blench, Roger (1 November 2012). "Using diverse sources of evidence for reconstructing the prehistory of musical exchanges in the Indian Ocean and their broader significance for cultural prehistory".
1017:
of West Africa. Its keys are mounted on gourds, and struck with mallets with rubber tips. The players typically wear iron cylinders and rings attached to their hands so that they jingle as they play.
1164:, which combines the use of instruments, movement, singing and speech to develop children's musical abilities. Xylophones used in American general music classrooms are smaller, at about
609:
have heads made from natural rubber taken from a wild creeping plant. "Interlocking" or alternating rhythm features in
Eastern African xylophone music such as that of the Makonde
2511:
934:. Known as shinjimba among the Nkoya, it is used at the Kazanga, a traditional royal ceremony of the Nkoya. The silimba is an essential part of the folk music traditions of the
158:
2111:
1830:
1140:) to achieve the characteristic buzzing sound. The repertoires of U.S. bands tends to have a great overlap, due to the common source of the Zimbabwean musician
2081:
673:
of music played on it is believed to be the most sophisticated method of composition yet found among preliterate peoples. The gourd-resonated, equal-ratio
2623:
2608:
2443:
1160:
Many music educators use xylophones as a classroom resource to assist children's musical development. One method noted for its use of xylophones is
1901:
854:. It can also be played by one person with the drum and the stick part as accompaniment, or by a soloist. Gyil duets are the traditional music of
159:
2133:
694:, with ten keys and played seated, and the mbila itself, which has up to nineteen keys of which up to eight may be played simultaneously. The
177:
2603:
1843:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2497:
2104:
1121:
1933:
268:(which uses metal bars), the xylophone essentially consists of a set of tuned wooden keys arranged in the fashion of the keyboard of a
178:
2040:
2014:
1425:
54:
1748:
2473:
858:
funerals. The instrument is generally played by men, who learn to play while young, however, there is no restriction on gender.
2504:
2240:
2097:
2150:
2129:
1776:. Royal Commonwealth Society Library. Cambridge University Library. University of Cambridge. 5 November 2004. Archived from
1058:
1305:
2572:
2478:
2468:
2348:
2141:
1773:
1144:, who was the key person who first brought Zimbabwean music to the West, coming to the University of Washington in 1968.
2618:
2458:
1870:
1252:
1874:: 'A prodigy ... who does wonderful things with little drumsticks on a machine of wooden keys, called the 'xylophone'.'
1825:
1279:
1025:
500:, is said by the Vienna Symphonic Library to have existed in 2000 BC in what is now part of China. The xylophone-like
2005:
Paco, Celso (2000). "A Luta
Continua". In Broughton, Simon; Ellingham, Mark; McConnachie, James; Duane, Orla (eds.).
1093:, which was developed in the 1920s. A xylophone with a range extending downwards into the marimba range is called a
2463:
2412:
1204:
has also become popular in the West, which adopted the original use of these instruments to play transcriptions of
501:
1089:
and Harry Breuer were well-known users. As time passed, the xylophone was exceeded in popularity by the metal-key
354:
and many similar toys described by the makers as xylophones have bars of metal rather than of wood, and so are in
1862:
1231:
626:
150:
1417:
398:
969:
The amadinda was an important instrument at the royal court in
Buganda, a Ugandan kingdom. A special type of
210:
160:
1565:
169:
1720:
1524:
1116:
was particularly fond of the instrument; it has prominent roles in much of his work, including most of his
688:
with three or four wooden keys played standing up using heavy mallets with solid rubber heads, three tenor
2353:
1473:"Annotated Checklist of Musical Instruments From Sub-Saharan Africa on Display in the NMM's Beede Gallery"
1053:
724:
and consist of about 10 pieces of music grouped into 4 separate movements, with an overture, in different
430:
203:
2363:
2120:
1909:
1306:"Xylophonist | Definition of Xylophonist by Oxford Dictionary on Lexico.com also meaning of Xylophonist"
1125:
1082:
47:
64:
227:
2521:
2288:
1991:
1835:
533:
973:
is now used for this xylophone, consisting of numbers for and periods. as is also the case with the
2422:
2402:
1113:
446:
331:, and these two instruments should not be confused. A person who plays the xylophone is known as a
92:
1879:
1070:, Gusikov performed in garden concerts, variety shows, and as a novelty act at symphony concerts.
2417:
1629:
1454:
662:
257:
102:
649:
521:
2453:
2054:
2036:
2010:
1839:
1421:
1197:
541:
517:
261:
2557:
2542:
1930:
1669:
1621:
1446:
1141:
970:
775:
537:
471:
285:
281:
1695:
2376:
1937:
1077:. Its bright, lively sound worked well the syncopated dance music of the 1920s and 1930s.
1014:
870:
712:
Masala apple shells as resonators. They accompany the dance with long compositions called
293:
2075:
581:
2407:
2381:
2029:
1472:
1161:
1129:
1062:, in 1874. By that time, the instrument had already been popularized to some extent by
1034:
874:
493:
323:
refers specifically to a chromatic instrument of somewhat higher pitch range and drier
289:
2035:(1970 ed.). London: International African Institute and Oxford University Press.
2597:
2552:
2338:
2183:
1821:
1458:
1379:
1063:
855:
850:. The gyil is usually played in pairs, accompanied by a calabash gourd drum called a
839:
815:
745:
737:
670:
634:
513:
497:
277:
84:
1633:
2371:
2168:
1651:
1613:
1501:
1368:(Second ed.). Belmont, California: Schirmer Books, Wadsworth/Thomson Learning.
1152:
890:
878:
823:
741:
658:
466:
359:
347:
265:
1342:
591:
is also applied to various traditional folk instruments such as the West Africa
176:
157:
2427:
2024:
1777:
1543:
1411:
1313:
1201:
1086:
935:
923:
847:
843:
835:
831:
476:
2547:
2489:
2448:
2328:
2318:
2253:
2188:
1450:
1090:
1074:
1067:
811:
678:
674:
638:
437:
394:
355:
343:
190:
113:
39:
1049:
and the earliest reference to a similar instrument came in the 14th century.
2582:
2308:
2273:
2248:
2178:
2058:
1625:
1094:
1078:
906:
729:
553:
509:
370:
351:
316:
312:
273:
2053:. Chopi village in southern Mozambique: Gei Zantzinger and Andrew Tracey.
1196:
According to Andrew Tracey, marimbas were introduced to
Zimbabwe in 1960.
576:
2397:
2343:
2268:
2216:
2206:
2163:
2158:
2089:
1791:
1117:
1046:
939:
894:
557:
549:
390:
382:
374:
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and styles. The ensemble leader serves as poet, composer, conductor and
2567:
2562:
2537:
2532:
2293:
2226:
2211:
2173:
1137:
990:
959:
866:
758:
593:
565:
561:
545:
342:
The term is also popularly used to refer to similar instruments of the
328:
308:
304:
121:
117:
109:
17:
129:
2303:
2298:
2278:
2263:
2258:
978:
963:
931:
927:
733:
564:, and regions of the Americas. In Myanmar, the xylophone is known as
492:
The earliest evidence of a true xylophone is from the 9th century in
386:
324:
233:
216:
1891:
Both citations refer to the performance of a child prodigy, Sunbury.
303:
may be used generally, to include all such instruments such as the
2323:
2313:
2283:
2221:
1792:"History – The world of wooden mallet instruments"
1205:
1151:
1024:
905:
882:
819:
725:
666:
648:
598:
575:
505:
465:
442:
369:
269:
128:
1774:"The Behlanjeh, the national musical instrument of the Mandingos"
1100:
In orchestral scores, a xylophone can be indicated by the French
2333:
2074:
1286:. Henry Stuart Jones, Roderick McKenzie. Oxford: Clarendon Press
1259:. Henry Stuart Jones, Roderick McKenzie. Oxford: Clarendon Press
886:
827:
580:
African
Xylophone also known as Ogbongelenge by the Igbo tribe.
529:
525:
260:
in the percussion family that consists of wooden bars struck by
2493:
2093:
1975:. Translated by Margaret Murray. London: Schott & Co. Ltd.
799:
433:: its parts are written one octave below the sounding notes.
401:
which allows a louder sound. Some can be as small a range as
2614:
Masterpieces of the Oral and
Intangible Heritage of Humanity
942:
ceremony. The shilimba is now used in most parts of Zambia.
665:, in southern Mozambique. It is not to be confused with the
139:
91:
1888:...and Master Bonnay, on the Xylophone, is always recalled.
790:
1997:
1523:
Kubik, Gerhard; Robotham, Donald Keith (27 January 2012).
1073:
The western xylophone was used by early jazz bands and in
796:
781:
1590:
Romney, Jonathan (5 March 1991). "Timbila album review".
922:
is a xylophone common among the Nkoya and Lozi people of
784:
1820:
Anderson, Lois Ann; et al. (2001). "Xylophone". In
1193:
octave higher but sound one octave higher than written.
1052:
The first use of a European orchestral xylophone was in
838:. The Gyil is the primary traditional instrument of the
429:
or 4 octaves. Like the glockenspiel, the xylophone is a
2007:
World Music, Vol. 1: Africa, Europe and the Middle East
1949:
548:
ensembles. They still have traditional significance in
2009:. Rough Guides Ltd., Penguin Books. pp. 579–584.
2031:
Chopi Musicians: their Music, Poetry, and Instruments
1908:. Oregon Symphony Players Association. Archived from
1380:"Percussion > Mallets > Xylophone > History"
1033:
The earliest mention of a xylophone in Europe was in
496:, while a similar hanging wood instrument, a type of
1156:
Three Orff-Schulwerk xylophones of different ranges.
802:
787:
657:
The mbila (plural "timbila") is associated with the
512:, few regions have their own type of xylophones. In
2436:
2390:
2362:
2239:
2149:
2140:
778:
719:
713:
707:
701:
695:
689:
683:
288:in the case of many African and Asian instruments,
101:
83:
75:
63:
53:
46:
2028:
1866:(Second ed.). Oxford University Press. 1989.
1645:
1643:
1278:Henry George Liddell; Robert Scott, eds. (1940).
1251:Henry George Liddell; Robert Scott, eds. (1940).
1831:The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians
1029:Orchestral xylophone (left) and marimba (right)
842:of northern Ghana and Burkina Faso, and of the
1996:(16 mm video; 28 minutes). Archived from
1743:
1741:
977:, a type of xylophone originating in southern
958:are xylophone-like instruments originating in
744:line. The musicians of the ensemble partially
597:. Early forms were constructed of bars atop a
2505:
2105:
1607:
1605:
736:partially based on the features of the Chopi
415:octaves but concert xylophones are typically
8:
2085:. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). p. 889.
32:
1496:
1494:
1492:
1490:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1108:(literally "wooden harmonica"), or Italian
749:include Eduardo Durão and Venancio Mbande.
292:in many western children's instruments, or
241:
2512:
2498:
2490:
2146:
2112:
2098:
2090:
930:. The tuned keys are tied atop resonating
629:, is responded to by another player, the
393:, or various synthetic materials such as
381:The modern western xylophone has bars of
133:Xylophone with different types of mallets
2444:Classification of percussion instruments
1815:
1813:
633:. This usually doubles an already rapid
151:A jingle played on a xylophone (marimba)
1614:"Life, Death, and Music in West Africa"
1502:"Music of Mozambique: Information from"
1243:
2134:List of percussion instruments by type
1337:
1335:
1333:
1331:
1039:Spiegel der Orgelmacher und Organisten
188:
31:
1950:"American Orff-Schulwerk Association"
1676:. Zambiatourism.com. 21 December 2006
1658:. Andrew Tracey and Christian Carver.
846:of Ghana, southern Burkina Faso, and
27:Wooden keyboard percussion instrument
7:
1990:Hallis, Ron; Hallis, Ophera (1987).
1971:Keetman, Gunild; Orff, Carl (1958).
1749:"African music :: Interlocking"
861:The Gyil's design is similar to the
1886:. Rogerson and Tuxford: 152. 1865.
1542:Mitchell, Barry (14 January 2008).
1525:"African music – musical structure"
1124:. Modern xylophone players include
520:use wooden xylophones known as the
1294:– via www.perseus.tufts.edu.
1267:– via www.perseus.tufts.edu.
189:Problems playing these files? See
25:
2624:Orchestral percussion instruments
1973:Orff-Schulwerk Music for Children
938:and can be heard at their annual
885:peoples further west in southern
732:, creating a text, improvising a
568:and is typically made of bamboo.
2474:List of vibraphone manufacturers
1721:"xylophone (musical instrument)"
774:
174:
155:
38:
2609:Keyboard percussion instruments
1931:Michael Joseph Guzikow Archives
1696:"akadinda (musical instrument)"
1504:. Answers.com. 25 November 2010
65:Hornbostel–Sachs classification
2130:List of percussion instruments
2073:Schlesinger, Kathleen (1911).
1650:Tracey, Andrew (26 May 2004).
637:that may also co-exist with a
1:
2479:List of timpani manufacturers
2469:List of marimba manufacturers
1546:. Theoryofmusic.wordpress.com
1443:African Archaeological Review
1310:Lexico Dictionaries | English
946:Akadinda, amadinda and mbaire
508:regions (kashta tharang). In
436:Concert xylophones have tube
399:fiberglass-reinforced plastic
2604:Ghanaian musical instruments
2459:List of cymbal manufacturers
1984:General and cited references
1880:"Leaves for the Little Ones"
1868:7 April 1866 edition of the
1416:. Cambridge, Massachusetts:
720:
714:
708:
702:
696:
690:
684:
2639:Zambian musical instruments
2634:Ugandan musical instruments
2629:Stick percussion idiophones
1345:. Madehow.com. 26 June 2000
1148:Use in elementary education
1041:(1511), where it is called
362:rather than as xylophones.
2655:
2464:List of drum manufacturers
2413:Indoor percussion ensemble
1798:. Vienna Symphonic Library
1413:Music in Primitive Culture
1386:. Vienna Symphonic Library
988:
756:
366:Construction of xylophones
226:
209:
71:(Set of percussion sticks)
2528:
2202:
2127:
1993:Chopi Music of Mozambique
1863:Oxford English Dictionary
1451:10.1007/s10437-014-9178-z
1232:Musical Stones of Skiddaw
818:-speaking populations in
814:instrument common to the
223: 'wood' and
108:
90:
37:
1936:30 December 2006 at the
1834:(2nd ed.). London:
1418:Harvard University Press
524:(spelled: "garattung").
350:types. For example, the
2082:Encyclopædia Britannica
1753:Encyclopædia Britannica
1725:Encyclopædia Britannica
1700:Encyclopædia Britannica
1626:10.1525/ctx.2008.7.1.44
1612:Harper, Colter (2008).
1529:Encyclopædia Britannica
1475:. National Music Museum
1445:. special issue: 7–11.
1343:"How xylophone is made"
1284:A Greek-English Lexicon
1257:A Greek-English Lexicon
1208:dzavadzimu (as well as
740:and composing a second
532:use xylophones (called
2121:Percussion instruments
1364:Cook, Gary D. (1997).
1157:
1030:
915:
654:
584:
480:
431:transposing instrument
378:
276:tuned to a pitch of a
240: 'sound, voice';
144:
134:
96:
2522:percussion idiophones
2364:Electronic percussion
1906:Concertgoersguide.org
1884:The Ladies' Companion
1410:Nettl, Bruno (1956).
1155:
1083:George Hamilton Green
1064:Michael Josef Gusikov
1028:
909:
652:
579:
469:
373:
143:
132:
95:
48:Percussion instrument
2391:Percussion groupings
2241:Unpitched percussion
1836:Macmillan Publishers
1570:pointofdeparture.org
1566:"African Heartbeats"
1122:Cello Concerto No. 2
1013:) is used among the
700:uses gourds and the
447:Helmholtz resonators
296:for orchestral use.
2619:Music of Mozambique
2423:Percussion ensemble
2403:Marching percussion
2151:Keyboard percussion
1366:Teaching Percussion
1222:key placed inline.
1200:marimba based upon
1054:Camille Saint-Saëns
914:in a Zambian market
170:A gamelan xylophone
103:Related instruments
34:
2418:Percussion section
2142:Pitched percussion
1652:"Marimbas History"
1316:on 7 December 2020
1178:octaves, than the
1158:
1031:
916:
663:Inhambane Province
655:
585:
481:
379:
315:. However, in the
258:musical instrument
145:
135:
97:
2591:
2590:
2487:
2486:
2454:Percussion mallet
2235:
2234:
2076:"Xylophone"
2051:Mgodo Wa Mbanguzi
1912:on 13 August 2007
1845:978-1-56159-239-5
1620:. Winter: 44–51.
1618:Contexts Magazine
1544:"Theory of Music"
1021:Western xylophone
572:African xylophone
518:Toba Batak people
272:. Each bar is an
179:
161:
127:
126:
16:(Redirected from
2646:
2558:Kulintang a kayo
2543:Gandingan a Kayo
2514:
2507:
2500:
2491:
2147:
2114:
2107:
2100:
2091:
2086:
2078:
2062:
2046:
2034:
2020:
2001:
2000:on 20 July 2011.
1977:
1976:
1968:
1962:
1961:
1959:
1957:
1946:
1940:
1928:
1922:
1921:
1919:
1917:
1898:
1892:
1890:
1876:
1857:
1851:
1849:
1817:
1808:
1807:
1805:
1803:
1788:
1782:
1781:
1780:on 27 June 2007.
1770:
1764:
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1407:
1396:
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1376:
1370:
1369:
1361:
1355:
1354:
1352:
1350:
1339:
1326:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1312:. Archived from
1302:
1296:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1275:
1269:
1268:
1266:
1264:
1248:
1221:
1220:
1191:
1190:
1186:
1183:
1177:
1176:
1172:
1169:
1142:Dumisani Maraire
1132:and Ian Finkel.
962:, in modern-day
809:
808:
805:
804:
801:
798:
793:
792:
789:
786:
783:
780:
773:
723:
717:
711:
705:
699:
693:
687:
677:-tuned mbila of
472:Kulintang a Kayo
428:
427:
423:
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2067:External links
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1149:
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1035:Arnolt Schlick
1022:
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989:Main article:
986:
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639:counter-rhythm
635:rhythmic pulse
625:, the initial
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360:glockenspiels
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311:and even the
310:
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278:musical scale
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204:Ancient Greek
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94:
89:
86:
85:Playing range
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58:
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52:
49:
45:
41:
36:
30:
19:
2577:
2372:Drum machine
2193:
2169:Glockenspiel
2080:
2050:
2030:
2025:Tracey, Hugh
2006:
1998:the original
1992:
1972:
1966:
1954:. Retrieved
1944:
1926:
1914:. Retrieved
1910:the original
1905:
1896:
1887:
1883:
1869:
1867:
1861:
1855:
1829:
1800:. Retrieved
1795:
1786:
1778:the original
1768:
1756:. Retrieved
1752:
1728:. Retrieved
1724:
1715:
1703:. Retrieved
1699:
1690:
1678:. Retrieved
1673:
1664:
1655:
1617:
1595:
1591:
1585:
1573:. Retrieved
1569:
1560:
1548:. Retrieved
1537:
1528:
1518:
1506:. Retrieved
1477:. Retrieved
1467:
1442:
1436:
1412:
1388:. Retrieved
1383:
1374:
1365:
1359:
1347:. Retrieved
1320:19 September
1318:. Retrieved
1314:the original
1309:
1300:
1288:. Retrieved
1283:
1273:
1261:. Retrieved
1256:
1246:
1213:
1209:
1195:
1159:
1134:
1114:Shostakovich
1109:
1105:
1101:
1099:
1072:
1057:
1051:
1042:
1038:
1032:
1009:
1008:
1003:
1002:
997:
996:
994:
974:
968:
955:
951:
949:
919:
917:
911:
891:Burkina Faso
889:and western
869:used by the
862:
860:
851:
824:Burkina Faso
765:
764:
762:
742:contrapuntal
659:Chopi people
656:
630:
622:
618:
614:
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592:
588:
586:
504:was used in
491:
482:
470:
458:hard woods.
456:
445:that act as
435:
380:
358:regarded as
348:metallophone
341:
336:
335:or simply a
332:
320:
300:
298:
266:glockenspiel
234:
231:
224:
217:
214:
207:
199:
197:
29:
2428:Drum circle
1290:24 February
1263:24 February
1202:Shona music
1087:Teddy Brown
936:Lozi people
924:Barotseland
848:Ivory Coast
836:West Africa
832:Ivory Coast
582:AID Project
333:xylophonist
319:, the term
264:. Like the
79:9th century
2598:Categories
2548:Glasschord
2449:Drum stick
2354:Wood block
2329:Tambourine
2319:Snare drum
2189:Vibraphone
1956:1 November
1952:. Aosa.org
1802:1 November
1680:1 November
1670:"~Zambia~"
1592:Q Magazine
1575:1 November
1550:1 November
1508:1 November
1390:1 November
1349:1 November
1198:Zimbabwean
1126:Bob Becker
1118:symphonies
1102:claquebois
1091:vibraphone
1075:vaudeville
1068:Curt Sachs
926:, western
873:-speaking
812:pentatonic
772:English:
679:Mozambique
675:heptatonic
613:, the Yao
498:harmonicon
477:Philippine
438:resonators
395:fiberglass
356:organology
344:lithophone
286:heptatonic
282:pentatonic
280:, whether
202:(from
191:media help
114:txalaparta
59:Percussion
2583:Xylorimba
2578:Xylophone
2309:Mark tree
2274:Castanets
2249:Bass drum
2194:Xylophone
2179:Tubaphone
1871:Athenaeum
1796:Vsl.co.at
1459:162200224
1384:Vsl.co.at
1238:Citations
1104:, German
1095:xylorimba
1079:Red Norvo
1010:behlanjeh
746:improvise
730:performer
587:The term
554:Melanesia
522:Garantung
510:Indonesia
479:xylophone
352:Pixiphone
327:than the
321:xylophone
317:orchestra
313:semantron
301:xylophone
299:The term
294:chromatic
274:idiophone
200:xylophone
76:Developed
33:Xylophone
2573:Triangle
2398:Drum kit
2349:Triangle
2344:Timbales
2217:Steelpan
2207:Handbell
2164:Crotales
2159:Carillon
2059:47815221
2027:(1948).
1934:Archived
1828:(eds.).
1758:25 April
1730:25 April
1705:27 April
1634:59623412
1226:See also
1219:♯
1120:and his
1110:silofono
1047:Slovakia
1004:balenjeh
971:notation
956:amadinda
954:and the
952:akadinda
940:Kuomboka
895:calabash
631:wakulela
623:opachera
619:mangwilo
558:Thailand
550:Malaysia
542:Tingklik
391:cocobolo
383:rosewood
375:Cameroon
290:diatonic
2568:Marimba
2563:Luntang
2538:Dhantal
2533:Balafon
2382:Octapad
2334:Tam-tam
2304:Maracas
2294:Cymbals
2289:Cowbell
2254:Bodhrán
2227:Timpani
2212:Handpan
2174:Marimba
1280:"φων-ή"
1253:"ξύλον"
1187:⁄
1173:⁄
1138:balafon
991:Balafon
975:embaire
960:Buganda
920:silimba
912:silimba
902:Silimba
875:Bambara
867:Balafon
810:) is a
759:Balafon
709:dibinda
691:dibinda
661:of the
653:Timbila
611:dimbila
603:dibinda
594:balafon
589:marimba
566:Pattala
562:Myanmar
546:gamelan
534:gambang
462:History
453:Mallets
424:⁄
410:⁄
377:, ~1914
329:marimba
309:balafon
305:marimba
262:mallets
256:) is a
245:
122:marimba
118:laggutu
110:balafon
69:111.212
18:Timbila
2520:Stick
2299:Djembe
2279:Claves
2264:Cabasa
2259:Bongos
2057:
2039:
2013:
1916:5 June
1842:
1632:
1479:5 June
1457:
1424:
1214:matepe
979:Uganda
964:Uganda
932:gourds
928:Zambia
863:Balaba
856:Dagara
734:melody
726:tempos
669:. The
627:caller
538:Rindik
516:, The
443:gourds
387:padauk
325:timbre
2437:Other
2324:Taiko
2314:Parai
2284:Conga
2269:Cajón
2222:Tabla
1630:S2CID
1598:: 68.
1455:S2CID
1206:mbira
883:Sosso
879:Dyula
871:Mande
820:Ghana
721:mgodo
715:ngomi
703:mbila
671:style
667:mbira
645:Mbila
607:mbila
599:gourd
544:) in
506:Hindu
502:ranat
270:piano
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