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time service was to furnish mariners in the seaboard cities with the means of regulating their chronometers; but, like many another governmental activity, its scope has gradually broadened until it has become of general usefulness. The electrical impulse which goes forth from the
Observatory at noon each day, now sets or regulates automatically more than 70,000 clocks located in all parts of the United States, and also serves, in each of the larger cities of the country, to release a time-ball located on some lofty building of central location. The dropping of the time-ball – accompanied, at some points, with the simultaneous firing of a cannon – is the signal for the regulation by hand of hundreds of other clocks and watches in the vicinity.
459:
318:
737:, the CBS Radio Network all-news station in Los Angeles, broadcasts this "bong" sound on the hour. However, due to buffering of the digital broadcast on some computers, this signal may be delayed as much as 20 seconds from the actual start of the hour (this is presumably the same situation for all CBS Radio stations, as each station's digital stream is produced and distributed in a similar manner), though unlike program content which is on a
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634:
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One of the most important functions of the Naval
Observatory is found in the daily distribution of the correct time to every portion of the United States. This is effected by means of telegraphic signals, which are sent out from Washington at noon daily, except Sundays. The original object of this
97:
were among the first customers for time signals, which allowed synchronization of their operations over wide geographic areas. Dedicated radio time signal stations transmit a signal that allows automatic synchronization of clocks, and commercial broadcasters still include time signals in their
304:
served as public time signals before radio made them obsolete. Sometimes, the tradition of a factory whistle becomes so deeply entrenched in a community that the whistle is maintained long after its original function as a time keeper became obsolete. For example, the
698:" system are contractually required to delay their analog broadcast by about eight seconds, so it remains in sync with the digital stream. Thus, network-generated time signals and service cues will also be delayed by about eight seconds. (Because of the delay, when
786:
also broadcasts time signals, using a chime every half-hour. Time signals on CBC broadcasts may be delayed up to 3 seconds due to network processing delays between the local radio transmitter and the time signal origin in Ottawa. The CBC's predecessor, the
732:
Television
Network, at the top of the hour immediately before the beginning of any televised program, in the 1960s and 1970s.) An automated "chirp" at one second before the hour signals a switch to the radio network broadcast. As an example,
299:
are tested regularly at a specified time (say, noon each
Saturday); while not primarily intended to mark the time, local people often check their watches when they hear this signal. In many non-seafaring communities, loud factory
606:
are used, the delays are often more than 100 ms, due to the multiple access methods used to share cell channels. In rare instances when the telephone connection is made by satellite, the time is delayed by 250–500 ms.
597:
broadcasts can also be heard by telephone. The time announcements are normally delayed by less than 30 ms when using land lines from within the continental United States, and the stability (delay variation) is generally
651:
time signals formerly were also used for radio clock synchronization, by augmenting their highly accurate frequency transmissions with external measurements of the offsets of LORAN navigation signals against time standards.
477:. On that November day, the US Naval Observatory telegraphed a signal that coordinated noon at Eastern standard time with 11 am Central, 10 am Mountain, and 9 am Pacific standard time.
706:
was broadcasting time markers, and was simulcast on an FM station that broadcast in HD; the FM signal did not carry the time signal. WBEN does not broadcast in HD.) Local signals may also be delayed.
679:
have distinctive beginning-of-the-hour tones, though the WINS signal is only approximate (several seconds error). WINS also has a tone at 30 minutes past the hour for those setting their clocks.
125:. These clocks are only as good as the clockwork that activates them, but they have improved substantially since the first clocks from the 14th century. Until modern times, a public clock such as
1382:
795:, CNRO (originally CKCH), at 9 pm daily and also on its Moncton station, CNRA, beginning in 1923. CNRA closed in 1931 but the broadcasts continued on CNRO when the station was acquired by the
3037:
563:
band can cover wider areas with relatively low-power transmitters, but the varying distance that the signal travels increases the uncertainty of the time signal on a scale of milliseconds.
2960:
176:
of the 6:00 pm Sunday closing of fishing.) The 9:00 pm firing was later established as a time signal for the general population. Until a time gun was installed, the nearby
660:
As radio receivers became more widely available, broadcasters included time information in the form of voice announcements or automated tones to accurately indicate the hour. The
759:(AM-FM) in Salt Lake City uses a "clang" that originates from the Nauvoo Bell on Temple Square, in Salt Lake City, which has been a staple on the station since the early 1960s.
402:. This included a system for synchronising the drop of the time ball at Greenwich with other time balls around the country, one of which was atop the Electric's offices in the
1319:
671:
In the United States many information-based radio stations (full-service, all-news and news/talk) also broadcast time signals at the beginning of the hour. In New York,
1659:
1487:
1663:
1692:
365:, London, and the time ball has dropped at 1:00 pm every day since then. The first American time ball went into service in 1845. In New York City, the ceremonial
833:) can be delayed by tens of seconds due to buffering and error correction, making time signals received on a digital radio unreliable when accuracy is needed.
345:, visible signals enabled greater precision than audible ones, although audible signals could operate better under conditions of reduced visibility. The first
2953:
1899:
1393:
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for content concerns, the time signal airs as-is over-the-air, meaning it can sometimes be talked over during a live news event or sports play-by-play.
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193:
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796:
1988:
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came into existence in the United States on 18 November 1883. Earlier, on 11 October 1883, the
General Time Convention, forerunner to the
447:
proposed a single 24-hour clock for the entire world. At a meeting of the Royal
Canadian Institute on 8 February 1879 he linked it to the
40:
3717:
113:. Where this is not available, a locally connected GNSS receiver can precisely set the time using one of several software applications.
89:
used a visual signal, the dropping of a ball, to allow mariners to check the chronometers used for navigation. The advent of electrical
1685:
126:
3211:
1507:
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starting in 1865. By the late 1800s, many U.S. observatories were selling accurate time by offering a regional time signal service.
1015:
1118:
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available, although they did not keep perfect time. A number of accurate audible or visible time signals were established in many
1604:
1629:
2473:
2128:
1105:
438:
109:
available to accurately indicate the local time, both for business and residential use. Computers often set their time from an
3284:
2352:
1889:
1592:
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105:) radio signals are used to precisely distribute time signals over much of the world. There are many commercially available
1046:
222:. The tradition, which started in the 1860s under British colonial rule, has become a tourist attraction in recent times.
3465:
1904:
1678:
1495:
386:
The first telegraph distribution of time signal in the United
Kingdom, indeed, in the world, was initiated in 1852 by the
2435:
1467:
470:
1536:— The VNG Users' Consortium was working on ways to solve the problem of the lack of accurate time signals in Australia.
337:
relating the number of seconds required for the report of the time gun to reach various locations in the city. Because
280:
for about twenty years until 21 April 1959, the 2712th anniversary of Rome's founding, and has been in use since then.
180:
lighthouse keeper detonated a stick of dynamite. Elsewhere in Canada, a "Noon Gun" is fired daily from the citadels in
3420:
3400:
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358:
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826:
448:
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387:
189:
181:
717:, of which WCBS is the flagship, air a "bong" (at a frequency of 440 Hz – the international standard for the
309:'s power plant whistle has been reinstated several times by popular demand after numerous attempts to silence it.
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3052:
2789:
2518:
2068:
1981:
1930:
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1879:
1501:
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In
Australia, many information-based radio stations broadcast time signals at the beginning of the hour, and a
752:
264:
since 1904 a cannon is fired daily at noon towards the river as a time signal. This was introduced in 1847 by
3501:
3279:
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1521:
208:
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1578:
858:
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2504:
2458:
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1540:
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728:) that immediately precedes each top-of-the-hour network newscast. (The same bong could be heard on the
718:
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326:
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for a few months until it was placed in its current position. The cannon was silenced from the start of
269:
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3082:
2810:
2779:
2228:
2123:
1974:
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characteristics, which gives low uncertainty in the received time signals. Stations operating in the
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137:
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242:
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2153:
1940:
1925:
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1246:
1211:
1155:
847:
714:
703:
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426:
366:
317:
238:
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817:
is a radio station which has a time signal over news. Radio Reloj translates to Clock Radio.
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3405:
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from 5 November 1939 until 9 October 2023. The simulcast would occur daily at 1pm
444:
391:
230:
161:
157:
1106:
The
Heavens on Earth: Observatories and Astronomy in Nineteenth-Century Science and Culture
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891:
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44:
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allowed widespread and precise distribution of time signals from central observatories.
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describes the role of the United States Naval
Observatory as a source of time signals:
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342:
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122:
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3711:
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2118:
2113:
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systems. Time signals have been transmitted by radio since 1905. There are dedicated
525:
The telegraphic distribution of time signals was made obsolete by the use of AM, FM,
511:
466:
33:
1581:
at Washington, DC – the determination of time and other important astronomical work.
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Radio time signal stations broadcast the time in both audible and machine-readable
537:
370:
265:
165:
1320:"'The beginning of the long dash' indicates 75 years of official time on CBC"
989:
2938:
610:
The audio from the broadcasts is available by telephone by dialling U.S. numbers
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1701:
814:
756:
641:
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110:
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70:
64:
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in Philadelphia broadcasts a time signal at the top of the hour along with its
39:
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3015:
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Program material, including time signals, that is transmitted digitally (e.g.
684:
422:
414:
350:
133:
48:
1471:
245:" is still in operation. A cannon located at the top of Santa Lucia Hill, in
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3138:
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1945:
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807:
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322:
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could be used locally, but they were subordinate to his single world time.
17:
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1159:
506:
3628:
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3450:
3356:
3256:
3047:
3042:
2425:
2186:
2178:
2036:
2026:
1810:
1709:
1605:"Distributed time service: An upgrade to current time station technology"
1387:
1359:
1324:
734:
695:
579:
552:
333:
In 1861 and 1862, the Edinburgh Post Office Directory published time gun
283:
For many years an old cannon was fired "about noon" from a mountain near
200:
1470:. Liverpool, UK: Proudman Oceanographic Laboratory. 2007. Archived from
3623:
3613:
3543:
3415:
3326:
3191:
2764:
2754:
2676:
2667:
2652:
2554:
2539:
2384:
2307:
2016:
1884:
1844:
1670:
680:
648:
301:
141:
94:
85:; however, audible signals (even signal guns) have limited range. Busy
295:
In many Midwestern US cities where tornadoes are a common hazard, the
78:
3618:
3568:
3563:
2862:
2021:
1874:
1805:
1795:
792:
746:
742:
74:
60:
1527:
1416:
964:
164:" is still shot every night at 9 pm. (This gun was brought to
437:
Telegraph signals were used regularly for time coordination by the
3598:
3410:
3309:
3264:
2872:
2621:
2312:
2268:
2260:
1737:
1349:"The end of the long dash: CBC stops broadcasting official 1
806:
service was also available until October 2019. However, the
632:
575:
457:
316:
284:
261:
82:
3603:
3588:
3578:
3032:
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2011:
1997:
1950:
1935:
1830:
1825:
1767:
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900:
783:
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583:
277:
268:
to synchronise all the church bells of Rome. It was situated in
253:
102:
86:
2942:
1970:
1674:
1243:
Communications: An international history of the formative years
1047:"Midwestern towns with sirens weigh nostalgia against nuisance"
3583:
1955:
1815:
1742:
799:
in 1933 and by the CBC in 1936 before going national in 1939.
729:
661:
473:, approved a plan that divided the United States into several
334:
207:, since 1806. The gun is fired daily from the Lion Battery at
1264:
1262:
945:
Parks Canada Agency, Government of Canada (10 April 2019).
3038:
International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service
1443:
Spring Forward: The annual madness of Daylight Saving Time
762:
In Canada, the national English-language non-commercial
462:
Advertisement for a telegraph time signal service (1900)
1966:
691:
at the beginning of the hour continuously, since 1943.
144:
cities to enable navigators to set their chronometers.
27:
Signal used as a reference to determine the time of day
1415:
Kruijshoop, Alfred; Walker, Marjorie. "Introduction".
1300:(Report). iBiquity Digital Corporation. Archived from
129:
was the only time standard the general public needed.
1152:
The Electric Telegraph: A Social and Economic History
810:
dedicated time signal service has been discontinued.
502:
Radio clock § List of radio time signal stations
1269:
McCarthy, Dennis D.; Seidelmann, P. Kenneth (2009).
3642:
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3003:
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2177:
2087:
2049:
2035:
2004:
1913:
1865:
1839:
1776:
1708:
947:"Noon Day Gun - Signal Hill National Historic Site"
225:A cannon was fired at one o'clock every weekday at
132:Accurate knowledge of time of day is essential for
1630:"Receiving, identifying and decoding time signals"
1199:
630:toll-free) are disconnected after 2 minutes.
59:is a visible, audible, mechanical, or electronic
357:. One was installed in 1833 on the roof of the
2954:
1982:
1686:
1591:Magazine was published from 1904–1905 by the
1016:"The Old Noon Day Gun of Kabul - Afghanistan"
694:Broadcast stations using iBiquity Digital's "
578:. Typically, they use a national or regional
8:
1658:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
865:Global Positioning System § Timekeeping
409:Other synchronised time balls were atop the
101:Today, global navigation satellite systems (
1560:. Vol. 3, no. 1. pp. 19–26.
1271:Time: From Earth rotation to atomic physics
1173:"Timekeeping at the U.S. Naval Observatory"
291:Sirens, whistles, and other audible signals
2961:
2947:
2939:
2672:
2046:
1989:
1975:
1967:
1693:
1679:
1671:
1662:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1236:
1234:
51:in 1905 before the widespread use of radio
1307:on 13 July 2011 – via ibiquity.com.
1146:
1144:
1073:"The enduring exhalations of The Whistle"
3492:International Commission on Stratigraphy
789:Canadian National Railways Radio network
570:form that can be used as references for
505:
38:
32:For broader coverage of this topic, see
1468:"The Time Ball and the One O'clock Gun"
937:
778:, broadcasts a similar signal at noon.
644:receiver, antenna left, receiver right.
451:(now 180°). He suggested that standard
1651:
797:Canadian Radio Broadcasting Commission
398:was distributed by telegraph from the
373:is a vestige of a visual time signal.
241:to establish the time. The Edinburgh "
136:, and ships carried the most accurate
1206:. Stanford University Press. p.
1154:, pp. 52-53, David and Charles, 1973
1100:
1098:
911:Time synchronization in North America
791:, broadcast the time signal over its
768:National Research Council Time Signal
582:digital signal; for example, station
194:St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador
63:used as a reference to determine the
7:
2923:
1392:. CBC Archives. 1939. Archived from
589:The audio portions of the shortwave
121:One sort of public time signal is a
1510:. Durr Cannon / Research Projects.
1318:Bartlett, Geoff (5 November 2014).
774:. Its French-language counterpart,
687: V for victory to the tune of
555:radio band have highly predictable
77:gave way to automatically operated
43:These automatic signal clocks were
1575:– via babel.hathitrust.org.
1427:– via tufi.alphalink.com.au.
1108:p.164. Duke University Press, 2010
353:, England in 1829 by its inventor
25:
3212:Discrete time and continuous time
881:Smart Personal Objects Technology
3137:
3131:
2922:
2913:
2912:
1383:"The beginning of the long dash"
1347:Taekema, Dan (10 October 2023).
521:Dedicated time signal broadcasts
272:until 1903 when it was moved to
117:Audible and visible time signals
1490:. Travel in Western Australia.
551:Time stations operating in the
439:United States Naval Observatory
3285:History of timekeeping devices
1593:Armour Institute of Technology
1554:"Distribution of time signals"
1552:Fawcett, Waldon (March 1905).
1520:— mentions the time cannon at
1514:. South Africa. Archived from
1500:— mentions the time cannon at
73:or voices announcing hours of
1:
1905:Quasi-Zenith Satellite System
1611:. New Zealand. Archived from
1577:Many-sided activities of the
668:in its broadcasts from 1922.
1045:Ross, Jenna (9 April 2015).
766:network broadcast the daily
471:American Railway Association
218:serves a similar purpose in
111:Internet atomic clock source
3232:Gravitational time dilation
3068:Barycentric Coordinate Time
2727:Geological history of Earth
1636:. Australia. Archived from
1528:"The VNG User's Consortium"
1071:Snee, Tom (18 April 2011).
921:Time and frequency transfer
626:(Hawaii). Calls (which are
3744:
3718:Time signal radio stations
3088:Geocentric Coordinate Time
3073:Barycentric Dynamical Time
3011:Coordinated Universal Time
2079:Orders of magnitude (time)
1273:. Wiley-VCH. p. 256.
546:radio time signal stations
499:
449:anti-meridian of Greenwich
411:Nelson Monument, Edinburgh
390:in collaboration with the
388:Electric Telegraph Company
369:drop on New Year's Eve in
31:
3242:Time-translation symmetry
3129:
3053:International Atomic Time
2980:
2908:
2790:Time translation symmetry
1895:Global Positioning System
1441:Downing, Michael (2005).
1295:Licensing fact sheet 2009
994:Christian Science Monitor
755:-owned news/talk station
341:travels much faster than
1541:"The Edinburgh time gun"
1051:Minneapolis Star Tribune
753:Bonneville International
689:Beethoven's 5th Symphony
576:radio-controlled watches
3502:Astronomical chronology
3475:Archaeology and geology
3182:Absolute space and time
3098:IERS Reference Meridian
3093:International Date Line
3004:International standards
2745:Absolute space and time
2396:Astronomical chronology
1445:. Shoemaker and Hoard.
1198:Bartky, Ian R. (2000).
1123:greenwichmeantime.co.uk
377:Electrical time signals
170:Department of Fisheries
107:radio controlled clocks
2795:Time reversal symmetry
2099:Italian six-hour clock
1579:U.S. Naval Observatory
859:Extended Data Services
645:
517:
480:A March 1905 issue of
463:
330:
249:, is shot every noon.
199:In the same manner, a
52:
3461:Weekday determination
3347:Sundial markup schema
2560:Time and fate deities
2505:The Unreality of Time
2444:A series and B series
1532:tufi.alphalink.com.au
1202:Selling the true time
1119:"Greenwich Time Ball"
870:Greenwich Time Signal
636:
531:Network Time Protocol
509:
461:
400:Greenwich Observatory
327:Greenwich Observatory
320:
260:, a hill west of the
42:
3482:Chronological dating
3222:Theory of relativity
3083:Daylight saving time
2811:Chronological dating
2780:Theory of relativity
2124:Daylight saving time
1702:Time signal stations
1628:Hacko, Nick, VK2DX.
1615:on 27 September 2007
1474:on 27 September 2007
1245:. IET. p. 121.
1241:Burns, R.W. (2004).
926:Time synchronization
656:General broadcasters
542:satellite navigation
413:; the sailors' home
3692:Time value of money
3487:Geologic time scale
3342:History of sundials
3207:Cosmological decade
3159:Greenwich Mean Time
2990:Orders of magnitude
2104:Thai six-hour clock
1634:GenesisRadio.com.au
1558:The Technical World
1179:on 19 December 2017
1150:Kieve, Jeffrey L.,
1020:digitalsilver.co.uk
586:in the U.S. .
482:The Technical World
425:, installed by the
396:Greenwich Mean Time
172:originally to warn
138:marine chronometers
3667:Mental chronometry
3295:Marine chronometer
3147:Obsolete standards
2634:Rosy retrospection
2612:Mental chronometry
2436:Philosophy of time
1518:on 7 January 2009.
1129:on 23 October 2010
664:has included time
646:
548:around the world.
518:
496:Radio time sources
464:
331:
307:University of Iowa
270:Castel Sant'Angelo
203:has been fired in
53:
3705:
3704:
3515:Nuclear timescale
3197:Continuous signal
2936:
2935:
2846:
2845:
2821:Circadian rhythms
2639:Tense–aspect–mood
2494:Temporal finitism
2371:
2370:
2347:Grandfather clock
1964:
1963:
1857:Radio Data System
1280:978-3-527-40780-4
1026:on 28 August 2017
848:Radio Data System
715:CBS Radio Network
704:Buffalo, New York
557:radio propagation
367:Times Square Ball
359:Royal Observatory
16:(Redirected from
3735:
3406:Dominical letter
3337:Equation of time
3300:Marine sandglass
3141:
3135:
3113:Terrestrial Time
2970:Time measurement
2963:
2956:
2949:
2940:
2926:
2925:
2916:
2915:
2833:Glottochronology
2673:
2589:Human experience
2449:B-theory of time
2047:
1991:
1984:
1977:
1968:
1695:
1688:
1681:
1672:
1667:
1657:
1649:
1647:
1645:
1640:on 24 April 2012
1624:
1622:
1620:
1583:
1574:
1572:
1548:
1545:edinphoto.org.uk
1535:
1519:
1499:
1494:. Archived from
1492:Travel Downunder
1483:
1481:
1479:
1456:
1429:
1428:
1426:
1424:
1412:
1406:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1379:
1373:
1372:
1370:
1368:
1354:
1353:
1344:
1338:
1337:
1335:
1333:
1315:
1309:
1308:
1306:
1299:
1291:
1285:
1284:
1266:
1257:
1256:
1238:
1229:
1228:
1226:
1224:
1205:
1195:
1189:
1188:
1186:
1184:
1175:. Archived from
1169:
1163:
1148:
1139:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1125:. Archived from
1115:
1109:
1102:
1093:
1092:
1090:
1088:
1079:. Archived from
1068:
1062:
1061:
1059:
1057:
1042:
1036:
1035:
1033:
1031:
1022:. Archived from
1012:
1006:
1005:
1003:
1001:
986:
980:
979:
977:
975:
961:
955:
954:
942:
726:
725:
713:stations of the
621:
618:(Colorado), and
613:
601:
445:Sandford Fleming
392:Astronomer Royal
297:emergency sirens
158:British Columbia
21:
3743:
3742:
3738:
3737:
3736:
3734:
3733:
3732:
3708:
3707:
3706:
3701:
3638:
3529:
3496:
3470:
3351:
3251:
3202:Coordinate time
3174:Time in physics
3168:
3142:
3136:
3127:
2999:
2976:
2967:
2937:
2932:
2904:
2895:Time immemorial
2842:
2799:
2760:Coordinate time
2731:
2685:Geological time
2661:
2644:Time management
2607:Generation time
2591:
2583:
2528:
2510:
2430:
2389:
2367:
2255:
2173:
2090:
2083:
2039:
2031:
2000:
1995:
1965:
1960:
1909:
1861:
1835:
1772:
1758:TDF time signal
1704:
1699:
1650:
1643:
1641:
1627:
1618:
1616:
1603:
1570:
1568:
1551:
1539:
1526:
1506:
1498:on 2 July 2005.
1486:
1477:
1475:
1466:
1463:
1453:
1440:
1437:
1435:Further reading
1432:
1422:
1420:
1417:Time NZ & A
1414:
1413:
1409:
1399:
1397:
1381:
1380:
1376:
1366:
1364:
1351:
1350:
1346:
1345:
1341:
1331:
1329:
1317:
1316:
1312:
1304:
1297:
1293:
1292:
1288:
1281:
1268:
1267:
1260:
1253:
1240:
1239:
1232:
1222:
1220:
1218:
1197:
1196:
1192:
1182:
1180:
1171:
1170:
1166:
1149:
1142:
1132:
1130:
1117:
1116:
1112:
1103:
1096:
1086:
1084:
1083:on 22 June 2018
1070:
1069:
1065:
1055:
1053:
1044:
1043:
1039:
1029:
1027:
1014:
1013:
1009:
999:
997:
996:. 22 April 1982
988:
987:
983:
973:
971:
963:
962:
958:
944:
943:
939:
935:
930:
892:Synchronization
839:
823:
739:broadcast delay
721:
720:
658:
619:
611:
600:less than 1 ms.
599:
527:shortwave radio
523:
504:
498:
435:
384:
379:
355:Robert Wauchope
349:was erected at
325:on the roof of
315:
293:
243:One O'Clock Gun
168:in 1894 by the
150:
119:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3741:
3739:
3731:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3710:
3709:
3703:
3702:
3700:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3687:Time metrology
3684:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3663:
3662:
3652:
3646:
3644:
3643:Related topics
3640:
3639:
3637:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3540:
3538:
3531:
3530:
3528:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3506:
3504:
3498:
3497:
3495:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3478:
3476:
3472:
3471:
3469:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3361:
3359:
3353:
3352:
3350:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3332:Dialing scales
3329:
3324:
3319:
3318:
3317:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3261:
3259:
3253:
3252:
3250:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3178:
3176:
3170:
3169:
3167:
3166:
3164:Prime meridian
3161:
3156:
3154:Ephemeris time
3150:
3148:
3144:
3143:
3130:
3128:
3126:
3125:
3123:180th meridian
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3019:
3018:
3007:
3005:
3001:
3000:
2998:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2981:
2978:
2977:
2968:
2966:
2965:
2958:
2951:
2943:
2934:
2933:
2931:
2930:
2920:
2909:
2906:
2905:
2903:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2854:
2852:
2848:
2847:
2844:
2843:
2841:
2840:
2838:Time geography
2835:
2830:
2828:Clock reaction
2825:
2824:
2823:
2813:
2807:
2805:
2801:
2800:
2798:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2741:
2739:
2733:
2732:
2730:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2718:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2681:
2679:
2670:
2663:
2662:
2660:
2659:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2630:
2629:
2627:time signature
2624:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2598:
2596:
2585:
2584:
2582:
2581:
2580:
2579:
2569:
2568:
2567:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2531:
2529:
2527:
2526:
2521:
2515:
2512:
2511:
2509:
2508:
2501:
2499:Temporal parts
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2469:Eternal return
2466:
2461:
2456:
2454:Chronocentrism
2451:
2446:
2440:
2438:
2432:
2431:
2429:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2392:
2390:
2388:
2387:
2382:
2376:
2373:
2372:
2369:
2368:
2366:
2365:
2364:
2363:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2333:
2332:
2327:
2326:
2325:
2320:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2294:
2293:
2283:
2282:
2281:
2265:
2263:
2257:
2256:
2254:
2253:
2246:
2241:
2239:Hindu Panchang
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2205:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2183:
2181:
2175:
2174:
2172:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2095:
2093:
2085:
2084:
2082:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2055:
2053:
2044:
2033:
2032:
2030:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2008:
2006:
2002:
2001:
1996:
1994:
1993:
1986:
1979:
1971:
1962:
1961:
1959:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1917:
1915:
1911:
1910:
1908:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1871:
1869:
1863:
1862:
1860:
1859:
1853:
1851:
1837:
1836:
1834:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1782:
1780:
1774:
1773:
1771:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1714:
1712:
1706:
1705:
1700:
1698:
1697:
1690:
1683:
1675:
1669:
1668:
1625:
1609:hireme.geek.nz
1600:
1599:
1598:
1597:
1585:
1584:
1549:
1537:
1524:
1512:museums.org.za
1504:
1484:
1462:
1461:External links
1459:
1458:
1457:
1451:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1430:
1407:
1396:on 8 June 2016
1374:
1339:
1310:
1286:
1279:
1258:
1251:
1230:
1216:
1190:
1164:
1140:
1110:
1094:
1063:
1037:
1007:
990:"The noon gun"
981:
956:
936:
934:
931:
929:
928:
923:
918:
913:
908:
903:
894:
889:
887:Speaking clock
884:
878:
872:
867:
862:
856:
851:
840:
838:
835:
831:Internet radio
822:
819:
804:speaking clock
793:Ottawa station
782:radio station
711:all-news radio
657:
654:
620:(808) 335-4363
612:(303) 499-7111
602:However, when
522:
519:
497:
494:
493:
492:
434:
431:
383:
382:United Kingdom
380:
378:
375:
314:
313:Visual signals
311:
292:
289:
237:, and also at
178:Brockton Point
149:
146:
123:striking clock
118:
115:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3740:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3715:
3713:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3661:
3658:
3657:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3647:
3645:
3641:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3541:
3539:
3537:
3536:units of time
3532:
3526:
3525:Sidereal time
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3510:Galactic year
3508:
3507:
3505:
3503:
3499:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3479:
3477:
3473:
3467:
3466:Weekday names
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3456:Tropical year
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3421:Intercalation
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:(lunar Hijri)
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3362:
3360:
3358:
3354:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3316:
3313:
3312:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3262:
3260:
3258:
3254:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3227:Time dilation
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3179:
3177:
3175:
3171:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3151:
3149:
3145:
3140:
3134:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3063:24-hour clock
3061:
3059:
3058:12-hour clock
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3017:
3014:
3013:
3012:
3009:
3008:
3006:
3002:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2982:
2979:
2975:
2971:
2964:
2959:
2957:
2952:
2950:
2945:
2944:
2941:
2929:
2921:
2919:
2911:
2910:
2907:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2885:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2855:
2853:
2849:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2822:
2819:
2818:
2817:
2816:Chronobiology
2814:
2812:
2809:
2808:
2806:
2802:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2750:Arrow of time
2748:
2746:
2743:
2742:
2740:
2738:
2734:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2722:Geochronology
2720:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2687:
2686:
2683:
2682:
2680:
2678:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2664:
2658:
2654:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2619:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2599:
2597:
2595:
2590:
2586:
2578:
2575:
2574:
2573:
2572:Wheel of time
2570:
2566:
2563:
2562:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2532:
2530:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2516:
2513:
2507:
2506:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2441:
2439:
2437:
2433:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2416:Periodization
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2393:
2391:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2377:
2374:
2362:
2361:
2357:
2356:
2355:
2354:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2342:Digital clock
2340:
2338:
2335:
2331:
2328:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2315:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2292:
2289:
2288:
2287:
2284:
2280:
2277:
2276:
2275:
2272:
2271:
2270:
2267:
2266:
2264:
2262:
2258:
2252:
2251:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
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2119:Relative hour
2117:
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2114:24-hour clock
2112:
2110:
2109:12-hour clock
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1763:Time from NPL
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1217:9780804738743
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1104:Aubin, David
1101:
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916:Time transfer
914:
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895:
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875:Low frequency
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828:
821:Digital delay
820:
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816:
811:
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790:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
765:
764:CBC Radio One
760:
758:
754:
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748:
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731:
727:
724:
719:musical note
716:
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604:mobile phones
596:
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538:atomic clocks
535:
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478:
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467:Standard time
460:
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433:United States
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162:9 O'Clock Gun
159:
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98:programming.
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68:
66:
62:
58:
50:
46:
41:
35:
34:Time standard
30:
19:
3723:Time signals
3672:Decimal time
3401:Astronomical
3280:Complication
3275:Atomic clock
2890:Time capsule
2884:Tempus fugit
2882:
2804:Other fields
2503:
2484:Perdurantism
2406:Calendar era
2358:
2351:
2337:Cuckoo clock
2274:astronomical
2248:
2074:Unit of time
2005:Key concepts
1644:28 September
1642:. Retrieved
1638:the original
1633:
1617:. Retrieved
1613:the original
1608:
1590:
1576:
1569:. Retrieved
1557:
1544:
1534:. Australia.
1531:
1516:the original
1511:
1496:the original
1491:
1476:. Retrieved
1472:the original
1442:
1421:. Retrieved
1410:
1398:. Retrieved
1394:the original
1386:
1377:
1365:. Retrieved
1358:
1355:time signal"
1342:
1330:. Retrieved
1323:
1313:
1302:the original
1289:
1270:
1242:
1221:. Retrieved
1201:
1193:
1181:. Retrieved
1177:the original
1167:
1151:
1131:. Retrieved
1127:the original
1122:
1113:
1085:. Retrieved
1081:the original
1076:
1066:
1054:. Retrieved
1050:
1040:
1028:. Retrieved
1024:the original
1019:
1010:
998:. Retrieved
993:
984:
972:. Retrieved
969:bokaap.co.za
968:
965:"Noon Gun -"
959:
951:www.pc.gc.ca
950:
940:
854:Clock signal
824:
812:
801:
776:Radio-Canada
772:Eastern Time
761:
751:
722:
708:
693:
670:
659:
647:
627:
609:
588:
572:radio clocks
565:
550:
524:
488:
481:
479:
465:
443:
436:
408:
385:
371:Times Square
332:
294:
282:
266:Pope Pius IX
251:
224:
213:
198:
166:Stanley Park
151:
131:
120:
100:
71:Church bells
69:
56:
54:
45:synchronized
29:
3682:System time
3677:Metric time
3396:Solar Hijri
3322:Water clock
3305:Radio clock
3237:Time domain
3217:Proper time
3103:Leap second
2985:Chronometry
2900:Time travel
2878:System time
2785:Time domain
2770:Proper time
2594:use of time
2565:Father Time
2545:Immortality
2535:Ages of Man
2464:Endurantism
2421:Regnal year
2401:Big History
2330:water-based
2229:Solar Hijri
2139:Hexadecimal
2089:Measurement
2051:Chronometry
2037:Measurement
1619:13 December
1547:. Scotland.
1423:23 November
815:Radio Reloj
642:radio clock
637:A low cost
536:as well as
529:, Internet
515:Radio clock
421:and one at
417:, Glasgow;
274:Monte Mario
216:Noonday Gun
209:Signal Hill
190:Signal Hill
186:Quebec City
148:Signal guns
65:time of day
57:time signal
18:Time Signal
3712:Categories
3697:Timekeeper
3650:Chronology
3634:Millennium
3520:Precession
3426:Julian day
3247:T-symmetry
3108:Solar time
3078:Civil time
2602:Chronemics
2577:Kalachakra
2489:Presentism
2474:Eternalism
2380:Chronology
2318:mechanical
2269:Main types
2187:Main types
1508:"Noon Gun"
1367:2 December
1252:0863413277
933:References
685:Morse code
500:See also:
475:time zones
453:time zones
423:Deal, Kent
415:Broomielaw
351:Portsmouth
134:navigation
91:telegraphs
81:on public
49:telegraphy
3594:Fortnight
3441:Lunisolar
3431:Leap year
3365:Gregorian
3315:stopwatch
3290:Hourglass
3270:Astrarium
3187:Spacetime
3118:Time zone
2995:Metrology
2974:standards
2858:Leap year
2775:Spacetime
2649:Yesterday
2550:Dreamtime
2524:Mythology
2411:Deep time
2323:stopwatch
2298:hourglass
2279:astrarium
2209:Gregorian
2202:Lunisolar
2179:Calendars
2169:Time zone
2042:standards
1946:Radio VNG
1867:Satellite
1778:Shortwave
1571:2 January
1522:Cape Town
1160:655205099
844:Car radio
813:In Cuba,
780:Vancouver
683:uses the
568:time code
561:shortwave
510:A modern
427:Admiralty
419:Liverpool
363:Greenwich
347:time ball
323:time ball
258:Janiculum
256:, on the
235:Edinburgh
229:, at the
227:Liverpool
220:Hong Kong
205:Cape Town
188:and from
174:fishermen
154:Vancouver
3728:Horology
3655:Duration
3629:Saeculum
3609:Olympiad
3451:Solstice
3380:Holocene
3357:Calendar
3257:Horology
3048:ISO 8601
3043:ISO 31-1
2918:Category
2666:Time in
2657:Tomorrow
2519:Religion
2459:Duration
2426:Timeline
2360:Timeline
2159:Sidereal
2027:Eternity
1811:ROA Time
1710:Longwave
1654:cite web
1419:(Report)
1390:(cbc.ca)
1388:CBC News
1362:(cbc.ca)
1360:CBC News
1327:(cbc.ca)
1325:CBC News
1223:29 March
1183:10 April
1077:Iowa Now
883:, (SPOT)
837:See also
696:HD Radio
580:longwave
553:longwave
329:, London
302:whistles
247:Santiago
201:Noon Gun
95:Railways
87:seaports
3624:Century
3614:Lustrum
3544:Instant
3416:Equinox
3385:Islamic
3327:Sundial
3192:Chronon
2928:Commons
2851:Related
2765:Instant
2755:Chronon
2737:Physics
2677:Geology
2668:science
2540:Destiny
2385:History
2353:History
2308:sundial
2291:quantum
2234:Chinese
2224:Islamic
2134:Decimal
2129:Chinese
2091:systems
2017:Present
1914:Defunct
1890:Galileo
1885:GLONASS
1566:9990027
1488:"Perth"
1400:8 April
1332:8 April
1133:8 April
1087:21 June
1056:21 June
1030:8 April
1000:8 April
974:8 April
861:and PBS
700:WBEN-AM
649:Loran-C
534:servers
182:Halifax
142:seaport
127:Big Ben
3619:Decade
3574:Moment
3569:Minute
3564:Second
3534:Other
3391:Julian
3370:Hebrew
3016:offset
2868:Moment
2863:Memory
2715:period
2303:marine
2286:atomic
2261:Clocks
2219:Hebrew
2214:Julian
2149:Metric
2022:Future
1875:BeiDou
1806:JN53DV
1796:HD2IOA
1564:
1478:2 June
1449:
1277:
1249:
1214:
1158:
877:, (LF)
747:jingle
743:KYW-AM
666:"pips"
404:Strand
231:Castle
83:clocks
79:chimes
75:prayer
61:signal
3660:music
3599:Month
3559:Jiffy
3554:Shake
3549:Flick
3446:Solar
3436:Lunar
3411:Epact
3375:Hindu
3310:Watch
3265:Clock
2873:Space
2705:epoch
2695:chron
2653:Today
2622:tempo
2617:Music
2479:Event
2313:watch
2197:Lunar
2192:Solar
2164:Solar
2154:Roman
2144:Hindu
1900:IRNSS
1880:DORIS
1738:DCF77
1502:Perth
1305:(PDF)
1298:(PDF)
850:(RDS)
343:sound
339:light
285:Kabul
262:Tiber
239:Perth
160:, a "
3604:Year
3589:Week
3579:Hour
3033:DUT1
2972:and
2592:and
2555:Kāla
2250:List
2244:Maya
2040:and
2012:Past
1998:Time
1951:WWVL
1936:OLB5
1831:YVTO
1826:WWVH
1768:WWVB
1733:Beta
1664:link
1660:link
1646:2011
1621:2006
1573:2024
1562:OCLC
1480:2008
1447:ISBN
1425:2013
1402:2018
1369:2023
1352:P.M.
1334:2018
1275:ISBN
1247:ISBN
1225:2019
1212:ISBN
1185:2018
1156:OCLC
1135:2018
1089:2018
1058:2018
1032:2018
1002:2018
976:2018
906:WWVB
901:VITC
784:CKNW
709:The
681:WTIC
677:WINS
675:and
673:WCBS
624:WWVH
622:for
614:for
595:WWVH
593:and
584:WWVB
574:and
335:maps
321:The
278:WWII
254:Rome
214:The
184:and
103:GNSS
3584:Day
2710:era
2700:eon
2690:age
2069:TAI
2059:UTC
1956:Y3S
1941:OMA
1931:NAA
1926:HBG
1921:BSF
1849:UHF
1841:VHF
1821:WWV
1816:RWM
1801:HLA
1791:CHU
1786:BPM
1753:RTZ
1748:RBU
1743:JJY
1728:BSF
1723:BPL
1718:BPC
1208:199
897:VBI
827:DAB
808:VNG
757:KSL
735:KNX
730:CBS
702:in
662:BBC
628:not
616:WWV
591:WWV
540:in
394:.
361:in
252:In
233:in
192:in
152:In
47:by
3714::
3028:ΔT
3023:UT
2655:–
2651:–
2064:UT
1845:FM
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1652:{{
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