2300:
2206:
2150:
60:. Manipulation of royal genealogies, in this and other sources, to enhance the claims of contemporary rulers was common. Literary formulas associated with original myths are a common feature of earlier entries." Although the timeline uses the annals for this period of history, information provided by these sources can be problematic, particularly with the earlier dates.
72:
took over land in
Britain from Romano-Britons (Celtic-speakers, Latin-speakers, or both), is highly complex. The limitations of source material place constraints on just how accurate any chronology can be. As an example, the following table shows how much variation there is between historians on just
1368:
4 and 5 August 910 Battle of
Wednesfield near Wolverhampton. 'The first written references to Wednesfield came in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle where there is mention of a great battle at Wednesfield in which the Mercians and their allies inflicted a defeat on the Danes, leading to the effective end of
194:
from the late ninth century onwards. Some sources say that the Saxon warriors were invited to come, to the area now known as
England, to help keep out invaders from Scotland and Ireland. Another reason for coming may have been because their land often flooded and it was difficult to grow crops, so
1452:
1060: Caradoc, son of
Rhydderch, son of lestin, hired Harold to come with an army to S.Wales. Then, conjointly with a great host of the men of Glamorgan and Gwent, they went against Grufudd. After Grufudd, son of Llywelyn, was slain, his head was cut off and taken as a present to Harold. (The ASC
1897:
Esmonde Cleary. The Ending of Roman
Britain. pp.137 - 138. The source for the Rescript of Honorius was Zosimus, he was a chronicler from the eastern part of the Roman Empire. He was writing in the late 5th and early 6th century. His work was copying earlier sources and it seems that he may have
172:, tried to compute dates for events in early Anglo-Saxon history. Although primarily writing about church history, Bede is seen as Britain's first true historian, in that he cited his references and listed events according to dates rather than regnal lists. So we know that he relied heavily on
1354:
893:A combined force containing men from Mercia, Wessex and Wales besieged the
Vikings at Buttington for several weeks, starving them out until finally the Vikings had to emerge and they were defeated there by the English and the Welsh: the surviving Vikings fled back to
2126:.p.135.This has given rise to two schools of thought. Celts were still living east of the Tamar...Athelstan simply drove them beyond the river. Secondly...the Tamar was already a national boundary and that the Cornish lived in Exeter as foreign settlers.
2111:
He(Athelstan) now attacked the 'West Welsh'(Cornish) ..crushed their opposition, deported the dissident minority, established a new boundary at the Tamar.. Athelstan was remembered in
Cornwall not as a conquering warlord but as the benefactor of their
441:
Here
Hengest and Æsc fought together against the Welsh (meaning 'foreigner': the manner in which the invaders referred to the Britons) near Wippedesfleot and there slew 12 Welsh chief men, and one of their thanes was slain, whose name was Wipped.
1728:
ASC 835.Her cuom micel sciphere on
Westwalas & hie to anum gecierdon, & wiþ Ecgbryht West Seaxna cyning winnende wæron. Þa he þæt hierde & mid fierde ferde & him wiþ feaht æt Hengestdune & þær gefliemde ge þa Walas ge þa
1628:
ASC 577.Her Cuþwine & Ceawlin fuhton wiþ Brettas, & hie .iii. kyningas ofslogon, Coinmail, & Condidan, & Farinmail, in þære stowe þe is gecueden
Deorham. & genamon .iii. ceastro Gleawanceaster, & Cirenceaster, &
46:. The dates, particularly from the fourth to the late sixth centuries, have very few contemporary sources and are largely later constructions by medieval chroniclers. The historian Diana Greenway described one such 12th-century chronicler,
1666:
ASC 658.Her Cenwalh gefeaht æt Peonnum wiþ Walas, & hie gefliemde oþ Pedridan; þis wæs gefohten siþþan he of East Englum com. He wæs þær .iii. gear on wrece, hæfde hine Penda adrifenne, & rices benumenne. forþon he his swostor
2040:
The English were badly beaten on the Wye in 584, and Cealin returned home in anger...in 591 a new king is said to have ruled over the Gewissae (West Saxons)... wars between the English drove him (Cealin) back to his original
2135:
Woods. Dark Ages. p.152. Constantine king of the Scots broke his treaty with Athelstan. Whether he was already plotting against Athelstan we can not say, but he must have refused to pay tribute. Athelstan's response was
1898:
compressed a lot of the dates. Also the Rescript of Honorius was in a section discussing northern Italy and Liguria. It has been suggested that the name copied down was in error and that the copyist mistranscribed
1299:
was fought in Wiltshire between Ecgberht of Wessex and Beornwulf of Mercia It effectively ended Mercian Supremacy over the southern kingdoms of Anglo-Saxon England and established West Saxon dominance in southern
730:
area and much of the plain of the Midlands. Loss of Bath would separate the Britons of Wales from the Britons of the southwest. After this, the border between Saxons and the southwest Britons was probably at the
1638:
ASC 584.Her Ceawlin & Cuþa fuhton wiþ Brettas, in þam stede þe mon nemneþ Feþanleag. & Cuþan mon ofslog. & Ceaulin monige tunas genom, & unarimedlice herereaf, & ierre he hwearf þonan to his
198:
The most controversial dates in the period—those from the fourth to the late sixth centuries—have very few contemporary sources, and are mainly derived from later attempts to construct Anglo-Saxon history.
1543:
ASC 457.Her Hengest & Æsc fuhton wiþ Brettas in þære stowe þe is gecueden Crecganford & þær ofslogon .iiiim. wera, & þa Brettas þa forleton Centlond & mid micle ege flugon to Lundenbyrg.
1494:
Afterwards, by the power of the Saxons, Bleddyn, son of Cynvyn, reigned sole king of Gwynedd and Powys; and Meredydd, son of Owain, son of Edwin, by the power of the Saxons became prince of South Wales.
1534:
ASC 455. Her Hengest & Horsa fuhton wiþ Wyrtgeorne þam cyninge, in þære stowe þe is gecueden Agælesþrep, & his broþur Horsan man ofslog; & æfter þam Hengest feng to rice & Æsc his sunu.
1486:. William, Duke of Normandy, came as an intruder to the island of Britain, and a pitched battle took place between him and Harold; in which, after a severe and bloody fight, Harold was killed.
1601:
ASC 501.Her cuom Port on Bretene & his .ii. suna Bieda & Mægla mid .ii. scipum on þære stowe þe is gecueden Portesmuþa & ofslogon anne giongne Brettiscmonnan, swiþe æþelne monnan.
1330:
877: Rhodri Mawr, a Welsh opponent of the Vikings, and his son Gwriad were killed by Mercian forces, even though Mercia was almost completely under the control of the Vikings at the time.
1446:, and Macht, with combined forces, proceeded against the Saxons, and devastated the country of England a great way towards its centre; and they returned to Wales with great spoil.
1552:
ASC 465. Her Hengest & Æsc gefuhton uuiþ Walas neah Wippedesfleote & þær .xii. wilisce aldormenn ofslogon, & hiera þegn an þær wearþ ofslægen, þam wæs noma Wipped.
1619:
ASC 571.Her Cuþwulf feaht wiþ Bretwalas æt Bedcan forda. & .iiii. tunas genom, Lygeanburg. & Ægelesburg. Benningtun. & Egonesham. & þy ilcan geare he gefor.
182:, a sixth-century cleric, for his early dates and historians have found Gildas unreliable where dates were concerned. Bede's work was widely read among the literate in the
1610:
ASC 508.Her Cerdic & Cynric ofslogon ænne Brettisccyning, þam was nama Natanleod, & .v. þusendu wera mid him. Æfter was þæt lond nemned Natanleaga oþ Cerdicesford.
936:, between a Northumbrian army and a Welsh army: heavy Welsh casualties, and their defeat severed the land connection between Wales and the Celts of northwest Britain.
1817:
Snyder. The Britons. p. 123.; Jones.The End of Roman Britain. pp. 44–45.; Morris. Dark Age Dates. p. 154.; Michael Wood. The Domesday Quest. p. 64.;
1931:
1818:
1692:
ASC 710..... & þam ylcan geare feaht Beorhtfrið ealdorman wið Pehtas betwux Hæfe & Cære, & Ine & Nun his mæg gefuhton wið Gerente Weala cyninge,
168:
2085:
2572:
2209:
1380:
574:
2548:
2466:
2444:
2370:
2171:
1475:
and submitted to them, and afterwards went to and killed their king Gruffudd, and brought Harold his head, and he set another king for it.
1570:
ASC 477. Her cuom Ælle on Bretenlond & his .iii. suna, Cymen & Wlencing & Cissa, mid .iii. scipum on þa stowe þe is nemned
2577:
1951:
When Aella and his three sons land from three ships on a beach named after one of the sons, we are reading legend rather than history.
772:
fought against Britons in the place that is named Fethanleag and Cutha was slain, and Ceawlin took many settlements and countless war-
174:
1592:
ASC 491.Her Ælle & Cissa ymbsæton Andredescester & ofslogon alle þa þe þærinne eardedon; ne wearþ þær forþon an Bret to lafe.
2527:
2506:
2485:
2421:
2349:
2328:
2288:
2246:
2227:
2194:
1886:
1561:
ASC 473. Her Hengest & Æsc gefuhton wiþ Walas & genamon unarimedlico herereaf, & þa Walas flugon þa Englan swa þær fyr.
566:
c. 520: Saxons took control of Sussex, Kent, East Anglia and part of Yorkshire, West Saxons founded a Kingdom in Hampshire under
1742:
795:
1056:
427:
327:
694:
fought against Britons and they slew 3 kings: Coinmail & Condidan & Farinmail, in the place which is called
2567:
1312:
862:
944:
955:
940:
904:
715:
468:
345:
2093:
1023:(alias Battle of Maes Cogwy), in which Oswald king of the Northmen and Eawa king of the Celtic Mercians fell.
17:
832:
438:
1574:, & þær ofslogon monige Wealas & sume on fleame bedrifon on þone wudu þe is genemned Andredesleage.
460:
came to Britain and his 3 sons Cymen & Wlencing & Cissa, with 3 ships to the place which is named
2018:
suggests that Fethanleag could possibly be Fretherne, Gloucestershire another possible place according to
1411:
1345:
1324:
537:
501: (Here Port and his 2 sons Bieda and Mægla came to Britain with 2 ships to the place which is called
1510:
1044:
1009:
994:
599:
352:
251:
191:
52:
1648:
ASC 614.Her Cynegils & Cuichelm gefuhton on Beandune, & ofslogon .ii. þusendo Wala & .lxvi.
844:
1855:
Alfred the Great. Asser.(2004) pp. 275–281. - Discussion of sources, authors, dates and accuracy
1443:
1405:
1184:
1115:
1020:
806:
788:
769:
765:
732:
621:
494:
1710:
ASC 813.... & þy geare gehergade Ecgbryht cyning on West Walas from easteweardum oþ westewearde.
464:, and there slew many Welsh & drove some in flight into the wood which is called Andredesleag .)
2153:
1747:
1127:
1111:
719:
671:
648:
592:
385:
334:
183:
47:
1927:
1752:
1483:
1428:
1341:
1296:
1180:
1160:
1146:
1060:
858:
625:
602:. The West Saxons are said to have defeated the Britons at Barbury Castle Hill Fort near Swindon.
408:
324:
2303:
2544:
2523:
2502:
2481:
2462:
2440:
2417:
2366:
2345:
2324:
2284:
2242:
2223:
2190:
2186:
2167:
1882:
1070:
1067:
1048:
1033:
933:
273:
222:
400:, and his brother Horsa was slain; and after that Hengest took the throne with Æsc, his son.)
240:
2381:
2307:
2257:
2019:
2015:
1757:
1460:
1337:
1308:
1236:
1134:
1037:
912:
743:
711:
663:
294:
235:
216:
57:
1679:
1432:
1138:
1052:
878:
840:
825:
818:
747:
637:
614:
512:
490:
479:
475:
457:
341:
82:
74:
36:
2256:
Morgan, Kathleen; Smith, Brian S (1972). Elrington, C R; Herbert, N M; Pugh, R B (eds.).
1930:
Gildas says that it is Saxons who come over to fight the Picts and settle, whereas Bede,
1442:
1059: Macht, son of Harold, came to Wales with a great army in his train; and the Prince
482:
besieged Andredescester and slew all who dwelt therein; no Briton was left afterwards.)
56:
as "a product of the West Saxon court... concerned with glorifying the royal ancestry of
226:. Many of the dates from the fourth, fifth, and sixth century are points of contention.
2161:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1320:
1142:
908:
874:
836:
707:
519:
359:
306:
43:
843:
on a mission to convert the Anglo-Saxons to Christianity, under the patronage of King
381:(The name Vortigern may mean "Great King" rather than being a lifelong personal name.)
50:, as a 'weaver' compiler of history, and the archaeologist Martin Welch described the
2561:
1316:
1200:
1119:
948:
298:
2401:
Morris, John (1985) . "Dark Age Dates". In Michael Jarrett and Brian Dobson (ed.).
736:
486:
328:
refuses a call for help from Britain, tells the cities to look to their own defence
69:
779:
590: Elmet joined an alliance of British kingdoms against the expanding Angles of
2262:
A History of the County of Gloucester: Volume 10: Westbury and Whitstone Hundreds
2053:
1822:
1471:
both with land-army and ship-army, and conquered that land; and that people gave
2311:
2027:
1514:
1398:
1082:
979:
893:
703:
675:
498:
302:
301:: raiders, Roman armies recruited from among German tribes, some settlers (The
2299:
2205:
2149:
2023:
1571:
1074:
866:
727:
699:
538:
531:
461:
32:
31:
is concerned with the period of history from just before the departure of the
1089:
had driven him out, and taken his kingdom, because he abandoned his sister.)
2432:
1289:
1251:
967:
963:
886:
633:
606:
556:
523:
397:
366:
1492:
1068: Some of the Saxons sought protection from the Normans in Powys then..
828:
was murdered. A feud broke out between two of this alliance's key members.
2000:
1976:
The Harper Encyclopedia of Military History From 3500 B.C. to the Present
1911:
1304:
1275:
1240:
1212:
1093:
923:
919:
882:
870:
799:
780:
754:
687:
652:
585:
581:
412:
1472:
1261:
1219:
1208:
1078:
971:
773:
691:
656:
641:
629:
450:
389:
68:
Constructing a chronology of the early Anglo-Saxon period, and how the
1464:
1373:
1153:
1106:
710: (... and in the same year ealdorman Beorhtfrith fought against
1002:
987:
975:
758:
723:
695:
683:
679:
667:
610:
567:
560:
552:
548:
527:
471:(Here Ælle fought against Welsh near the margin of Mearcrædesburna .)
431:
420:
370:
356:
179:
1902:(Britain) for Brettia or Brittia, which is a place in southern Italy
1518:
1145:, the battle of Garth Maelog, the battle of Pencon among the south
1509:
The Timeline was constructed using the following extracts from the
1912:
Butler, Rev. Alban, "St. Germanus, Bishop of Auxerre, Confessor",
1468:
1279:
1265:
1247:
1123:
1086:
983:
900:
814:
810:
784:
710:. ): These entries seem to show that the Britons' defences in the
393:
1978:, Fourth Edition (New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 1993), 193.
1583:
ASC 485. Her Ælle gefeaht wiþ Walas neah Mearcrædesburnan stæðe.
1991:, Eighth Edition (New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2001), 31.
1436:
1288:
823: (825 : Here was a fight of Welsh/Britons men of Devon at
1170:
1107:
584:
established by Angles taking over part of a British area called
446:
416:
404:
377:, who were raiding the east coast, and allows them to settle on
374:
262:
187:
163:
396:
fought against Vortigern the king, in the place that is called
202:
The following is an outline of some events recorded in Bede's
2086:"Wolverhampton City Council - Anniversary of historic battle"
1676:
ASC 682. On þissum geare Centwine gefliemde Bretwealas oþ sę.
718:
ended, and the Saxons obliterated the British Watling Street
283:= Dates and events that are contentious or subject to debate.
1778:
Gransden. Historical Writing. Ch. 1. Gildas and Nennius
430:, Death of all British kings, Begin of violent land grab by
1719:
ASC 823.Her wæs Wala gefeoht & Defna æt Gafulforda. ...
1149:, and the Britons were the victors in those three battles."
746:
took land from the Britons, thus establishing or enlarging
1701:
ASC 794.Her Adrianus papa & Offa cyning forþferdon ...
1207:: 797: Offa king of the Mercians and Maredudd king of the
195:
they were looking for new places to settle down and farm.
1315:. Then he heard and with an army fought against them at
1278:
is destroyed by the Saxons and they took the kingdom of
559:, and 5000 men with him. Afterwards that land was named
2338:
Henry of Huntingdon (1996). Greenway, Diana E. (ed.).
1431:, fought in Essex on 18 October between the armies of
1193:
784: The devastation of Britain by Offa in the summer
1159:
760: A battle between the Britons and the Saxons, the
929:
616: Autumn – Northumbria invaded and conquered Elmet.
577:
likely caused a great famine and thus population loss.
42:
The information is mainly derived from annals and the
1846:
Bede. Ecclesiastical History. Farmer Ed. p. 24.
1657:
ASC 642.Her Oswald Norþanhymbra cyning ofslægen wæs.
415:
and there slew 4,000 men, and the Britons abandoned
1063:
was allied with Penda but stayed out of the battle.
337:
leads Romano-Britons to victory over Saxon raiders.
2016:A History of the County of Gloucestershire vol.10.
1517:form. For a more complete version and explanation
926:fought together at Beandun, and slew 2,066 Welsh.)
659:: Briton fought Briton and weakened their numbers.
2219:The Celtic Revolution: Study in Anti-imperialism
2183:Bede:Ecclesiastical History of the English People
1307:and they joined them, and were fighting against
453:, and the Welsh fled from the English like fire.)
348:for the strategic situation resulting afterwards.
541:and slew a young British man, a very noble man.
2156:. Commissioned in the reign of Alfred the Great
2109:Wood. In search of the Dark Ages.pp. 146 - 147.
1152:Before 730: Northumbria annexed the kingdom of
2210:s:Ecclesiastical History of the English People
1864:J. Campbell, 'The Lost Centuries: 400–600' in
2341:Historia Anglorum: the history of the English
1303:835: (838 : Here a great ship-army came to
1169:778: The devastation of the South Britons by
362:) for the Roman army to come back to Britain.
18:Timeline of Anglo-Saxon settlement in Britain
8:
2020:A History of the County of Oxford: Volume 6.
1837:Gransden. Historical Writing. pp. 11–23
1833:
1831:
776:, and in anger he returned to his own land.)
449:fought against Welsh and took countless war-
293:360 and after, and perhaps before: various
169:Ecclesiastical History of the English People
162:Much of the dating of the period comes from
151:
143:
135:
127:
119:
111:
103:
95:
2386:A History of the County of Oxford: Volume 6
2320:Historical Writing in England c 550 - c1307
1774:
1772:
714:collapsed, and the peace that followed the
511:c. 500: Average of suggested dates for the
29:Timeline of conflict in Anglo-Saxon Britain
2105:
2103:
340:c. 430 to 520: The range of dates for the
1868:. ed. J. Campbell, et al.) pp. 20–44
1812:
1810:
1246:816: ... Saxons invaded the mountains of
2365:. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
2237:Campbell, J. (1982). J. Campbell (ed.).
2212:. (1903). Translation based on L.C. Jane
2066:Mercia and the Making of England. p. 107
1372:927: Athelstan evicted the Cornish from
605:About 560: Saxons conquered all of east
79:
35:, in the 4th century, to just after the
2075:Mercia and the Making of England. p. 84
1768:
1527:
1235:813: (815 : ... and in this year king
1163:, in which Dyfnwal son of Tewdwr dies.
722:and united their areas and overran the
2160:Asser (2004). Keyne Lapidge tr (ed.).
1077:, and drove them in flight as far as
1005:: Northumbria expels the Gwynedd army.
1001:: 631, Cantscaul) about 6 miles NW of
794:592: West Saxons were defeated in the
628:at Bedcanford and took 4 settlements:
1974:R. Ernest Dupuy and Trevor N. Dupuy,
1081:; this was fought after he came from
892:c. 604: Deira and Bernicia united as
869:: An army from the Celtic kingdom of
7:
1678:On the Parker MS it was 682. On the
990:temporarily returned to Celtic rule.
847:, reputedly a descendant of Hengest.
805:596: Angles defeated an alliance of
555:slew a British king, whose name was
530:coastal areas, particularly around
355:" - A last appeal (possibly to the
2388:. Institute of Historical Research
2264:. Institute of Historical Research
2258:"Fretherne and Saul: Introduction"
2038:Stenton. The Age of Arthur.p.299.
373:to come and help them against the
175:De Excidio et Conquestu Britanniae
25:
2181:Bede (1990). Farmer, D.H. (ed.).
1319:and there put to flight both the
1085:. He was there 3 years in exile.
575:extreme weather events of 535–536
379:"The eastern side of the island."
297:(Alemanni, Saxons, etc.) came to
186:, and his dates were used by the
2478:Mercia and the Making of England
2298:
2216:Berresford Ellis, Peter (1985).
2204:
2148:
1949:Welch.Anglo-Saxon England p.9.-
1404:937: Æthelstan's victory at the
1381:Æthelstan's invasion of Scotland
1096:chased the Britons into the sea.
1012:king of Northumbria was slain)
644:. And in the same year he died.)
2573:Conflict in Anglo-Saxon England
2431:Snyder, Christopher A. (2003).
2306:. (1848). Translation based on
1819:Bede.EH. Book 1. Ch. 15–16
1743:Anglo-Saxon invasion of Britain
624:: Here Cuthwulf fought against
2277:Esmonde Cleary, A. S. (1991).
1879:The Anglo-Saxon Age c.400-1042
1414:was laid waste by the Saxons.
1014:This may be the same battle as
915:where Elmet's king's seat was.
824:Afterwards: The British king,
789:History of Yorkshire#Sub-Roman
1:
2416:. Cornwall Editions Limited.
1989:The Making of England to 1399
1513:, they are in their original
1340:defeated the remnants of the
411:in the place which is called
2380:Lobel, Mary D., ed. (1959).
932:616: Likeliest date for the
595:caused much population loss.
428:Treachery of the Long Knives
419:and with great fear fled to
2280:The ending of Roman Britain
1936:suggests that it is Angles
1187:, and Offa took the town."
873:fell in battle against the
753:c. 584: The Kingdom of the
609:and the British kingdom of
2594:
2540:In Search of the Dark Ages
2359:Jones, Michael E. (1998).
2317:Gransden, Antonia (1974).
2054:Kirkcaldy Burgh and Schyre
1479:(Peterborough manuscript).
1199:794: (796 : In this year
445:473: (Here Hengest &
403:457: (Here Hengest &
166:(672/673–735), who in his
87:
2578:British history timelines
2051:Macbean, Lachlan (1924),
2002:The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
1881:, London: Longman, 1973,
1389:set the boundary between
1376:and refortified the city.
1222:is killed by the Saxons.
1051:defeated and killed King
949:Æthelfrith of Northumbria
563:as far as Cerdicesford .)
190:who compiled the various
91:
2362:The End of Roman Britain
2090:www.wolverhampton.gov.uk
1282:into their own control.
1130:king of Welsh ... ) ...
956:Battle of Hatfield Chase
941:Battle of the River Idle
716:Battle of Mons Badonicus
613:, and there established
491:Battle of Mons Badonicus
469:Battle of Mercredesburne
81:Suggested dates for the
2410:Payton, Philip (1982).
2154:s:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
1928:The Ruin of Britain 23.
1914:The Lives of the Saints
1211:die, and the battle of
833:Augustine of Canterbury
735:along the ridge of the
439:Battle of Wippedesfleot
239:" (English translation
2537:Wood, Michael (2005).
2516:Wood, Michael (1985).
2454:Stenton, F.M. (1971).
2382:"Parishes: Stoke Lyne"
1435:(King of England) and
1346:The Battle of Edington
1133:722: According to the
1092:682: This year also,
978:attacked and defeated
945:Rædwald of East Anglia
796:Battle of Woden's Burg
485:c. 497: Defeat of the
310:
204:Ecclesiastical History
192:Anglo-Saxon Chronicles
2439:. Oxford: Blackwell.
2323:. London: Routledge.
2304:s:The Ruin of Britain
2283:. London: Routledge.
2124:The Celtic Revolution
1987:C. Warren Hollister,
1963:From Caesar to Arthur
1511:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
1463:and his brother Earl
1274:822: The fortress of
1218:798: Caradog king of
1203:and king Offa die.) (
1045:Battle of the Winwaed
995:Battle of Heavenfield
600:Battle of Beran Byrig
353:Groans of the Britons
346:effects of the battle
252:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
208:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
53:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
39:in the 11th century.
2501:. English Heritage.
2495:Welch, M.G. (1992).
2476:Walker, Ian (2000).
1453:dates this as 1063)
1406:Battle of Brunanburh
1071:fought against Welsh
1057:Cadafael ap Cynfeddw
1021:Battle of Maserfield
962:: 630, Meigen) near
943:– major victory for
911:, north and west of
766:Battle of Fethanleag
698:, and took 3 towns:
622:Battle of Bedcanford
184:Anglo-Saxon kingdoms
2498:Anglo-Saxon England
2457:Anglo-Saxon England
2413:Cornwall: A History
2241:. London: Penguin.
2189:. London: Penguin.
2166:. Penguin Classic.
1802:Anglo-Saxon England
1748:Anglo-Saxon England
1250:and the kingdom of
1243:from east to west.)
1183:and Offa fought at
768:: Here Ceawlin and
649:Battle of Arfderydd
573:535 & 536: The
386:Battle of Aylesford
335:Germanus of Auxerre
323:410 : Emperor
85:
48:Henry of Huntingdon
2519:The Domesday Quest
2480:. Stroud: Sutton.
2222:. Wales: Y Lolfa.
2096:on 12 August 2013.
1789:Historia Anglorum.
1753:Kingdom of Gwynedd
1484:Battle of Hastings
1439:(King of Denmark).
1429:Battle of Assandun
1342:Great Heathen Army
1297:Battle of Ellendun
1161:Battle of Hereford
859:Battle of Catraeth
845:Æthelberht of Kent
580:In or before 547:
80:
2568:Sub-Roman Britain
2550:978-0-563-52276-8
2468:978-0-19-280139-5
2446:978-0-631-22260-6
2372:978-0-8014-8530-5
2239:The Anglo- Saxons
2187:Leo Sherley-Price
2173:978-0-14-044409-4
1823:Annales Cambriae.
1523:
1122:and his relative
1049:Oswiu of Bernicia
1034:Cenwalh of Wessex
954:633, 12 October:
934:Battle of Chester
839:, arrived in the
835:, a monk sent by
274:Brut y Tywysogion
223:Brut y Tywysogion
160:
159:
16:(Redirected from
2585:
2554:
2533:
2512:
2491:
2472:
2450:
2427:
2406:
2403:Britain and Rome
2397:
2395:
2393:
2376:
2355:
2334:
2308:Thomas Habington
2302:
2294:
2273:
2271:
2269:
2252:
2233:
2208:
2200:
2185:. Translated by
2177:
2163:Alfred the Great
2152:
2137:
2133:
2127:
2120:
2114:
2107:
2098:
2097:
2092:. Archived from
2082:
2076:
2073:
2067:
2064:
2058:
2049:
2043:
2036:
2030:
2022:is perhaps near
2013:
2007:
1998:
1992:
1985:
1979:
1972:
1966:
1961:Ashe, Geoffrey,
1959:
1953:
1947:
1941:
1924:
1918:
1916:, Vol. VII, 1866
1909:
1903:
1895:
1889:
1875:
1869:
1866:The Anglo-Saxons
1862:
1856:
1853:
1847:
1844:
1838:
1835:
1826:
1814:
1805:
1798:
1792:
1785:
1779:
1776:
1758:Kingdom of Powys
1730:
1726:
1720:
1717:
1711:
1708:
1702:
1699:
1693:
1690:
1684:
1674:
1668:
1664:
1658:
1655:
1649:
1646:
1640:
1636:
1630:
1626:
1620:
1617:
1611:
1608:
1602:
1599:
1593:
1590:
1584:
1581:
1575:
1568:
1562:
1559:
1553:
1550:
1544:
1541:
1535:
1532:
1507:
1459:1063: Here Earl
1338:Alfred the Great
1135:Annales Cambriae
1038:Bradford-on-Avon
1036:won a battle at
913:Barwick-in-Elmet
885:at Catterick in
712:English Midlands
664:Battle of Dyrham
295:Germanic peoples
236:Annales Cambriae
217:Annales Cambriae
116:c. 430 – c. 440
97:Annales Cambriae
86:
58:Alfred the Great
21:
2593:
2592:
2588:
2587:
2586:
2584:
2583:
2582:
2558:
2557:
2551:
2543:. London: BBC.
2536:
2530:
2522:. London: BBC.
2515:
2509:
2494:
2488:
2475:
2469:
2461:. Oxford: OUP.
2453:
2447:
2430:
2424:
2409:
2400:
2391:
2389:
2379:
2373:
2358:
2352:
2344:. Oxford: OUP.
2337:
2331:
2316:
2291:
2276:
2267:
2265:
2255:
2249:
2236:
2230:
2215:
2197:
2180:
2174:
2159:
2145:
2140:
2134:
2130:
2121:
2117:
2108:
2101:
2084:
2083:
2079:
2074:
2070:
2065:
2061:
2050:
2046:
2037:
2033:
2014:
2010:
1999:
1995:
1986:
1982:
1973:
1969:
1960:
1956:
1948:
1944:
1933:HE.Book 1 Ch 15
1925:
1921:
1910:
1906:
1896:
1892:
1877:D.J.V. Fisher,
1876:
1872:
1863:
1859:
1854:
1850:
1845:
1841:
1836:
1829:
1815:
1808:
1799:
1795:
1786:
1782:
1777:
1770:
1766:
1739:
1734:
1733:
1727:
1723:
1718:
1714:
1709:
1705:
1700:
1696:
1691:
1687:
1680:Cotton Tiberius
1675:
1671:
1665:
1661:
1656:
1652:
1647:
1643:
1637:
1633:
1627:
1623:
1618:
1614:
1609:
1605:
1600:
1596:
1591:
1587:
1582:
1578:
1569:
1565:
1560:
1556:
1551:
1547:
1542:
1538:
1533:
1529:
1505:
1433:Edmund Ironside
1424:
1365:
1264:devastated the
1232:
1139:battle of Hehil
1137:, 722 saw "the
1126:fought against
1103:
1053:Penda of Mercia
854:
841:Kingdom of Kent
826:Urien of Rheged
819:Battle of Raith
513:Battle of Badon
508:
456:477:(?) (Here
407:fought against
342:Battle of Badon
320:
311:litus Saxonicum
290:
156:c. 485 – c.520
83:Battle of Badon
75:Battle of Badon
66:
37:Norman Conquest
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2591:
2589:
2581:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2560:
2559:
2556:
2555:
2549:
2534:
2528:
2513:
2507:
2492:
2486:
2473:
2467:
2451:
2445:
2428:
2422:
2407:
2398:
2377:
2371:
2356:
2350:
2335:
2329:
2314:
2295:
2289:
2274:
2253:
2247:
2234:
2228:
2213:
2201:
2195:
2178:
2172:
2157:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2138:
2128:
2115:
2099:
2077:
2068:
2059:
2044:
2031:
2008:
1993:
1980:
1967:
1954:
1942:
1919:
1904:
1890:
1870:
1857:
1848:
1839:
1827:
1806:
1793:
1780:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1761:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1738:
1735:
1732:
1731:
1721:
1712:
1703:
1694:
1685:
1669:
1659:
1650:
1641:
1631:
1621:
1612:
1603:
1594:
1585:
1576:
1563:
1554:
1545:
1536:
1526:
1525:
1504:
1501:
1500:
1499:
1490:
1480:
1457:
1450:
1440:
1423:
1420:
1419:
1418:
1408:
1402:
1387:King Athelstan
1383:
1377:
1370:
1364:
1361:
1360:
1359:
1352:
1334:
1328:
1301:
1293:
1286:
1272:
1258:
1244:
1231:
1228:
1227:
1226:
1216:
1197:
1191:
1177:
1167:
1157:
1150:
1131:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1097:
1090:
1064:
1047:in which King
1041:
1030:
1017:
1006:
991:
952:
937:
930:
927:
916:
897:
890:
853:
850:
849:
848:
837:Pope Gregory I
829:
822:
803:
792:
777:
762:
751:
740:
660:
645:
618:
603:
596:
591:Around 549: A
589:
578:
571:
564:
545:
535:
522:colonised the
516:
507:
504:
503:
502:
483:
472:
465:
454:
443:
435:
424:
401:
382:
363:
349:
338:
331:
319:
316:
315:
314:
289:
286:
285:
284:
278:
266:
256:
244:
158:
157:
154:
150:
149:
146:
142:
141:
138:
134:
133:
130:
126:
125:
122:
118:
117:
114:
110:
109:
106:
102:
101:
98:
94:
93:
90:
73:one date, the
65:
62:
44:Venerable Bede
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2590:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2565:
2563:
2552:
2546:
2542:
2539:
2535:
2531:
2529:0-15-352274-7
2525:
2521:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2508:0-7134-6566-2
2504:
2500:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2487:0-7509-2131-5
2483:
2479:
2474:
2470:
2464:
2460:
2456:
2452:
2448:
2442:
2438:
2437:
2434:
2429:
2425:
2423:1-904880-05-3
2419:
2415:
2412:
2408:
2404:
2399:
2387:
2383:
2378:
2374:
2368:
2364:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2351:0-19-822224-6
2347:
2343:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2330:0-203-44203-2
2326:
2322:
2319:
2315:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2296:
2292:
2290:0-415-23898-6
2286:
2282:
2279:
2275:
2263:
2259:
2254:
2250:
2248:0-14-014395-5
2244:
2240:
2235:
2231:
2229:0-86243-096-8
2225:
2221:
2218:
2214:
2211:
2207:
2202:
2198:
2196:0-14-044565-X
2192:
2188:
2184:
2179:
2175:
2169:
2165:
2164:
2158:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2146:
2142:
2132:
2129:
2125:
2119:
2116:
2113:
2106:
2104:
2100:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2081:
2078:
2072:
2069:
2063:
2060:
2056:
2055:
2048:
2045:
2042:
2035:
2032:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2012:
2009:
2005:
2003:
1997:
1994:
1990:
1984:
1981:
1977:
1971:
1968:
1964:
1958:
1955:
1952:
1946:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1934:
1929:
1923:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1908:
1905:
1901:
1894:
1891:
1888:
1887:0-582-48277-1
1884:
1880:
1874:
1871:
1867:
1861:
1858:
1852:
1849:
1843:
1840:
1834:
1832:
1828:
1825:
1824:
1820:
1813:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1797:
1794:
1790:
1784:
1781:
1775:
1773:
1769:
1763:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1740:
1736:
1725:
1722:
1716:
1713:
1707:
1704:
1698:
1695:
1689:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1673:
1670:
1663:
1660:
1654:
1651:
1645:
1642:
1635:
1632:
1629:Baþanceaster.
1625:
1622:
1616:
1613:
1607:
1604:
1598:
1595:
1589:
1586:
1580:
1577:
1573:
1567:
1564:
1558:
1555:
1549:
1546:
1540:
1537:
1531:
1528:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1502:
1498:
1495:
1491:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1456:
1451:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1410:946: ... And
1409:
1407:
1403:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1382:
1378:
1375:
1371:
1369:their power.'
1367:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1353:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1333:
1329:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1291:
1287:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1196:
1192:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1155:
1151:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1104:
1100:
1095:
1091:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1069:
1065:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1043:655, 15 Nov:
1042:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
989:
985:
981:
977:
973:
969:
965:
961:
957:
953:
950:
946:
942:
938:
935:
931:
928:
925:
921:
917:
914:
910:
906:
902:
898:
895:
891:
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
855:
851:
846:
842:
838:
834:
830:
827:
823:
820:
816:
812:
808:
804:
801:
797:
793:
790:
786:
782:
778:
775:
771:
767:
763:
760:
756:
752:
749:
745:
744:Ælla of Deira
741:
738:
734:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
678:by Saxons of
677:
673:
669:
666:: Capture of
665:
661:
658:
654:
650:
646:
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
616:
612:
608:
604:
601:
597:
594:
590:
587:
583:
579:
576:
572:
569:
565:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
543:
540:
536:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
514:
510:
509:
505:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
481:
477:
473:
470:
466:
463:
459:
455:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
433:
429:
425:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
361:
358:
354:
351:c. 446: The "
350:
347:
343:
339:
336:
332:
329:
326:
322:
321:
317:
312:
308:
304:
300:
299:Roman Britain
296:
292:
291:
287:
282:
279:
276:
275:
270:
267:
265:'s writings".
264:
260:
257:
254:
253:
248:
245:
242:
238:
237:
232:
229:
228:
227:
225:
224:
219:
218:
213:
209:
205:
200:
196:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
176:
171:
170:
165:
155:
152:
147:
144:
139:
136:
131:
128:
123:
120:
115:
112:
107:
104:
99:
96:
88:
84:
78:
76:
71:
63:
61:
59:
55:
54:
49:
45:
40:
38:
34:
30:
19:
2541:
2538:
2520:
2517:
2499:
2496:
2477:
2458:
2455:
2436:
2433:
2414:
2411:
2402:
2390:. Retrieved
2385:
2363:
2360:
2342:
2339:
2321:
2318:
2281:
2278:
2266:. Retrieved
2261:
2238:
2220:
2217:
2182:
2162:
2131:
2123:
2118:
2110:
2094:the original
2089:
2080:
2071:
2062:
2052:
2047:
2041:territory...
2039:
2034:
2011:
2001:
1996:
1988:
1983:
1975:
1970:
1962:
1957:
1950:
1945:
1937:
1932:
1922:
1913:
1907:
1899:
1893:
1878:
1873:
1865:
1860:
1851:
1842:
1816:
1801:
1796:
1788:
1787:Huntingdon.
1783:
1724:
1715:
1706:
1697:
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1677:
1672:
1662:
1653:
1644:
1634:
1624:
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1566:
1557:
1548:
1539:
1530:
1508:
1506:
1496:
1493:
1487:
1476:
1454:
1447:
1422:11th century
1415:
1363:10th century
1356:
1349:
1331:
1311:king of the
1283:
1269:
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1201:Pope Hadrian
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1024:
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899:Afterwards:
865:): also see
737:Mendip Hills
593:great plague
547:508: (Here
542:
487:Anglo-Saxons
474:491: (Here
378:
280:
272:
268:
258:
250:
249:= "from the
246:
241:at this link
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230:
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212:Welsh Annals
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203:
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173:
167:
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70:Anglo-Saxons
67:
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41:
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26:
2459:3rd edition
2435:The Britons
2312:J. A. Giles
2028:Oxfordshire
1515:Old English
1412:Strathclyde
1399:River Tamar
1313:West Saxons
1230:9th century
1101:8th century
1083:East Anglia
980:Northumbria
894:Northumbria
852:7th century
704:Cirencester
676:Aquae Sulis
506:6th century
499:King Arthur
413:Crecganford
333:429 :
318:5th century
303:Saxon Shore
288:4th century
2562:Categories
2143:References
2024:Stoke Lyne
1900:Brettannia
1572:Cymenesora
1519:Click Here
1467:went into
1317:Hengestdun
1239:raided in
1185:Bensington
1141:among the
1075:Penselwood
905:earthworks
867:Y Gododdin
728:Verulamium
700:Gloucester
539:Portsmouth
532:Holderness
462:Cymenesora
64:Chronology
33:Roman Army
2112:churches.
1729:Deniscan.
1667:anforlet.
1503:ASC Notes
1295:825: The
1290:Gafulford
1252:Rhufoniog
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964:Doncaster
887:Yorkshire
863:Catterick
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634:Aylesbury
607:Yorkshire
561:Natanleag
557:Natanleod
524:North Sea
398:Aylesford
367:Vortigern
2392:18 March
2268:18 March
1965:pp.295-8
1926:Gildas.
1737:See also
1473:hostages
1444:Gruffudd
1395:Cornwall
1323:and the
1309:Ecgbryht
1305:Cornwall
1300:England.
1276:Degannwy
1268:region.
1241:Cornwall
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924:Cwichelm
920:Cynegils
909:Aberford
907:in near
883:Bernicia
871:Gododdin
857:c. 600:
781:Bernicia
755:Iclingas
733:Wansdyke
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2136:swift..
2122:Ellis.
1940:Saxons.
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1800:Welch.
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1068:Cenwalh
1061:Gwynedd
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807:Britons
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720:salient
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626:Britons
620:571: (
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489:in the
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432:Saxons
421:London
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357:Consul
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1791:p. 97
1764:Notes
1469:Wales
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1280:Powys
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132:490s
92:Date
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2524:ISBN
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