72:
676:（永定三年）使元黄头与诸囚自金凤台各乘纸鸱以飞，黄头独能至紫陌乃堕，仍付御史中丞毕义云饿杀之。(Rendering: , Gao Yang conducted an experiment by having Yuan Huangtou and a few prisoners launch themselves from a tower in Ye, capital of the Northern Qi. Yuan Huangtou was the only one who survived from this flight, as he glided over the city-wall and fell at Zimo safely, but he was later executed.)
589:
a vacuum-airship-project, considered the first realistic, technical plan for an airship. His design is for an aircraft with a boat-like body equipped with a sail, suspended under four globes made of thin copper; he believes the craft would rise into the sky if air was pumped out of the globes. No
842:
568:(hemispheres of Magdeburg).Sixteen horses are unable to pull apart two completely airless hemispheres which stick to each other only because of the external air pressure.
630:
407:
894:
940:
930:
925:
920:
53:
46:
39:
835:
875:
714:(Spring, 1961). "Eilmer of Malmesbury, an Eleventh Century Aviator: A Case Study of Technological Innovation, Its Context and Tradition",
692:(Spring, 1961). "Eilmer of Malmesbury, an Eleventh Century Aviator: A Case Study of Technological Innovation, Its Context and Tradition",
887:
828:
389:. He envisions and sketches flying machines such as helicopters and parachutes, and notes studies of airflows and streamlined shapes.
811:
791:
324:, a "Turk" attempts to fly by jumping off of one of the central pillars with some form of winged construct, plummeting to his death.
880:
1593:
899:
870:
634:, the basis of classical physics. In book II he presented the theoretical derivation of the essence of the drag equation.
321:
1614:
592:
God will never allow that such a machine be built…because everybody realises that no city would be safe from raids…
711:
689:
604:
425:
1589:
582:
386:
535:
489:
265:
attempted flight using feathers and wings, though no mention of it independent of al-Maqqari has survived.
865:
459:
262:
438:
851:
615:
that the flapping of wings with the muscle power of the human arm cannot successfully produce flight.
539:
298:
23:
807:
787:
561:
514:
378:
336:
317:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
989:
984:
979:
974:
969:
964:
959:
954:
949:
578:
455:
400:
313:
284:
258:
254:
60:
195:
108:
77:
677:
1608:
445:(New machines). His "homo volans" (Flying man) design is based on the sail of a ship.
235:
165:
475:
88:-related events occurring before the end of the 17th century (on 31 December 1700):
625:
608:
510:
463:
664:
382:
354:
350:
191:
150:
67:
557:
497:
471:
239:
210:
301:
builds a wooden glider and, launching from a bell tower, glides 200 metres.
467:
411:
404:
280:
214:
172:
116:
85:
820:
700:
667:, Biography of Wang Mang, 或言能飞，一日千里，可窥匈奴。莽辄试之，取大鸟翮为两翼，头与身皆著毛，通引环纽，飞数百步堕
276:
176:
353:
writes the first known technical description of flight, describing an
543:
493:
179:
demonstrates an artificial pigeon on a wire. It may have been a kite.
135:
131:
112:
217:, a man binding himself with bird feathers glides about 100 meters.
520:
198:: from its military use it became known as the Kongming lantern.
824:
279:
attempts flight by some apparatus from the roof of a mosque in
19:
517:, suggests some ideas to future would-be pilots in his book
119:
explores the desire to fly and the inherent dangers of it.
766:
Winter, Frank H. (1992). "Who First Flew in a Rocket?",
428:
publishes a theory and a construction manual for a kite.
564:
measures the weight of air and demonstrates his famous
784:
651:
649:
1453:
939:
908:
858:
474:, landing successfully on the Doğancılar square in
242:, first manned kite glide to take off from a tower.
441:illustrates a design for a parachute in his book
312:During a lavish display of the wonders of the
836:
768:Journal of the British Interplanetary Society
462:glided with artificial wings from the top of
335:The Mongolian army uses lighted kites in the
8:
631:Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica
287:, Iran, and falls to his death as a result.
843:
829:
821:
164:The Chinese invent an early form of the
731:
729:
727:
645:
590:example is built, and de Terzi writes:
213:tried to recruit a specialist scout to
7:
701:https://www.jstor.org/stable/3101411
253:According to 17th century historian
410:, among other things, two fighting
14:
134:attempts to fly over the city of
786:, New York: Dorset Press, 1981,
519:The Discovery of a World in the
70:
1594:Category:Spaceflight timelines
1:
895:Rocket and missile technology
408:The temptation of St. Anthony
97:
470:and managed to fly over the
322:Hippodrome of Constantinople
59:
52:
45:
38:
31:
613:On the movements of animals
488:Evliya Çelebi reports that
1631:
628:(1642–1727) publishes his
585:describes in his treatise
1584:
359:Secrets of Art and Nature
149:The Chinese start to use
138:, but falls to his death.
712:Lynn Townsend White, Jr.
690:Lynn Townsend White, Jr.
611:, shows in his treatise
605:Giovanni Alfonso Borelli
496:artificially-powered by
426:Giambattista della Porta
171:The Greek mathematician
1590:Timeline of spaceflight
773:(July 1992), p. 275-80.
583:Francesco Lana de Terzi
556:Physicist and mayor of
538:manages to demonstrate
190:The Chinese invent the
806:. Dorling Kindersley.
802:Gunston, Bill (2001).
716:Technology and Culture
694:Technology and Culture
566:Magdeburger Halbkugeln
542:, and also produces a
536:Evangelista Torricelli
852:Timelines in aviation
804:Aviation Year by Year
460:Hezarfen Ahmet Celebi
414:above a burning town.
755:Flight before flying
540:atmospheric pressure
299:Eilmer of Malmesbury
744:Choniates, Historia
490:Lagari Hasan Çelebi
357:design in his book
61:21st century begins
25:Timelineof aviation
1615:Aviation timelines
1454:21st century years
888:Hellenic Air Force
782:Allward, Maurice,
735:Gunston, 2001 p.13
655:Gunston, 2001 p.12
603:Italian physicist
534:Italian physicist
492:flew himself in a
263:Emirate of Córdoba
84:This is a list of
1602:
1601:
871:Military aviation
699:(2), pp. 97–111
562:Otto von Guericke
515:Bishop of Chester
379:Leonardo da Vinci
374:c. 1485 – c. 1513
337:battle of Legnica
318:Manuel I Komnenos
66:
65:
26:
1622:
916:Pre-18th century
845:
838:
831:
822:
817:
795:
780:
774:
764:
758:
751:
745:
742:
736:
733:
722:
721:(2), p. 97-111 .
709:
703:
687:
681:
674:
668:
662:
656:
653:
607:, the father of
439:Fausto Veranzino
401:Hieronymus Bosch
387:control surfaces
314:Byzantine Empire
259:Abbas Ibn Firnas
255:Ahmad al-Maqqari
105:
99:
80:
75:
74:
73:
33:pre-18th century
24:
20:
1630:
1629:
1625:
1624:
1623:
1621:
1620:
1619:
1605:
1604:
1603:
1598:
1580:
1449:
935:
904:
881:Royal Air Force
854:
849:
814:
801:
798:
781:
777:
765:
761:
757:, Osprey, 1970.
752:
748:
743:
739:
734:
725:
710:
706:
688:
684:
675:
671:
663:
659:
654:
647:
643:
370:
226:
196:hot air balloon
168:using feathers.
130:Legendary King
100:
94:
78:Aviation portal
76:
71:
69:
12:
11:
5:
1628:
1626:
1618:
1617:
1607:
1606:
1600:
1599:
1597:
1596:
1585:
1582:
1581:
1579:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1457:
1455:
1451:
1450:
1448:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
982:
977:
972:
967:
962:
957:
952:
946:
944:
937:
936:
934:
933:
928:
923:
918:
912:
910:
906:
905:
903:
902:
897:
892:
891:
890:
885:
884:
883:
868:
862:
860:
856:
855:
850:
848:
847:
840:
833:
825:
819:
818:
812:
797:
796:
775:
759:
746:
737:
723:
704:
682:
678:Zizhi Tongjian
669:
657:
644:
642:
639:
638:
637:
636:
635:
618:
617:
616:
596:
595:
594:
571:
570:
569:
549:
548:
547:
527:
526:
525:
503:
502:
501:
481:
480:
479:
448:
447:
446:
443:Machinae novae
431:
430:
429:
417:
416:
415:
392:
391:
390:
369:
366:
365:
364:
363:
362:
342:
341:
340:
327:
326:
325:
304:
303:
302:
290:
289:
288:
268:
267:
266:
245:
244:
243:
225:
222:
221:
220:
219:
218:
201:
200:
199:
182:
181:
180:
169:
156:
155:
154:
141:
140:
139:
122:
121:
120:
93:
90:
82:
81:
64:
63:
57:
56:
50:
49:
43:
42:
36:
35:
29:
28:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1627:
1616:
1613:
1612:
1610:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1586:
1583:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1458:
1456:
1452:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
947:
945:
942:
938:
932:
929:
927:
924:
922:
919:
917:
914:
913:
911:
907:
901:
898:
896:
893:
889:
886:
882:
879:
878:
877:
874:
873:
872:
869:
867:
864:
863:
861:
857:
853:
846:
841:
839:
834:
832:
827:
826:
823:
815:
813:0-7894-7986-9
809:
805:
800:
799:
793:
792:0-88029-286-5
789:
785:
779:
776:
772:
769:
763:
760:
756:
750:
747:
741:
738:
732:
730:
728:
724:
720:
717:
713:
708:
705:
702:
698:
695:
691:
686:
683:
679:
673:
670:
666:
661:
658:
652:
650:
646:
640:
633:
632:
627:
624:
623:
622:
619:
614:
610:
606:
602:
601:
600:
597:
593:
588:
584:
580:
577:
576:
575:
572:
567:
563:
559:
555:
554:
553:
550:
545:
541:
537:
533:
532:
531:
528:
523:
522:
516:
512:
509:
508:
507:
504:
499:
495:
491:
487:
486:
485:
482:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
458:reports that
457:
456:Evliya Çelebi
454:
453:
452:
449:
444:
440:
437:
436:
435:
432:
427:
424:
423:
422:
418:
413:
409:
406:
403:shows in his
402:
399:
398:
397:
393:
388:
384:
380:
377:
376:
375:
372:
371:
367:
360:
356:
352:
349:
348:
347:
343:
338:
334:
333:
332:
328:
323:
319:
315:
311:
310:
309:
305:
300:
297:
296:
295:
291:
286:
282:
278:
275:
274:
273:
269:
264:
260:
256:
252:
251:
250:
246:
241:
237:
236:Yuan Huangtou
234:
233:
232:
228:
227:
223:
216:
212:
208:
207:
206:
202:
197:
193:
189:
188:
187:
183:
178:
174:
170:
167:
166:Bamboo-copter
163:
162:
161:
157:
152:
148:
147:
146:
142:
137:
133:
129:
128:
127:
123:
118:
114:
110:
107:
106:
104:
96:
95:
91:
89:
87:
79:
68:
62:
58:
55:
51:
48:
44:
41:
37:
34:
30:
27:
22:
21:
18:
16:
941:20th century
931:20th century
926:19th century
921:18th century
915:
803:
783:
778:
770:
767:
762:
754:
749:
740:
718:
715:
707:
696:
693:
685:
672:
660:
629:
626:Isaac Newton
620:
612:
609:biomechanics
598:
591:
586:
573:
565:
551:
529:
518:
511:John Wilkins
505:
483:
464:Galata Tower
450:
442:
433:
420:
395:
373:
358:
345:
330:
307:
293:
271:
248:
230:
204:
194:, the first
185:
159:
144:
125:
102:
83:
54:20th century
47:19th century
40:18th century
32:
17:
15:
794:, pp. 9–11.
753:Wragg, D.;
665:Book of Han
383:ornithopter
381:designs an
355:ornithopter
351:Roger Bacon
316:by Emperor
224:Middle Ages
192:sky lantern
136:Trinavantum
1588:See also:
641:References
368:Modern Era
109:Greek myth
909:Centuries
866:Jet power
558:Magdeburg
498:gunpowder
472:Bosphorus
211:Wang Mang
92:Antiquity
1609:Category
468:Istanbul
412:airships
405:triptych
285:Khorasan
281:Nishapur
215:Xiong Nu
177:Tarentum
173:Archytas
117:Daedalus
86:aviation
876:British
587:Prodomo
581:Father
476:Üsküdar
320:in the
277:Jauhari
261:of the
103:1700 BC
101:
859:Topics
810:
790:
579:Jesuit
544:vacuum
494:rocket
205:100 AD
186:200 BC
160:400 BC
145:500 BC
132:Bladud
126:850 BC
113:Icarus
943:years
900:Women
385:with
209:When
151:kites
1576:2024
1571:2023
1566:2022
1561:2021
1556:2020
1551:2019
1546:2018
1541:2017
1536:2016
1531:2015
1526:2014
1521:2013
1516:2012
1511:2011
1506:2010
1501:2009
1496:2008
1491:2007
1486:2006
1481:2005
1476:2004
1471:2003
1466:2002
1461:2001
1445:2000
1440:1999
1435:1998
1430:1997
1425:1996
1420:1995
1415:1994
1410:1993
1405:1992
1400:1991
1395:1990
1390:1989
1385:1988
1380:1987
1375:1986
1370:1985
1365:1984
1360:1983
1355:1982
1350:1981
1345:1980
1340:1979
1335:1978
1330:1977
1325:1976
1320:1975
1315:1974
1310:1973
1305:1972
1300:1971
1295:1970
1290:1969
1285:1968
1280:1967
1275:1966
1270:1965
1265:1964
1260:1963
1255:1962
1250:1961
1245:1960
1240:1959
1235:1958
1230:1957
1225:1956
1220:1955
1215:1954
1210:1953
1205:1952
1200:1951
1195:1950
1190:1949
1185:1948
1180:1947
1175:1946
1170:1945
1165:1944
1160:1943
1155:1942
1150:1941
1145:1940
1140:1939
1135:1938
1130:1937
1125:1936
1120:1935
1115:1934
1110:1933
1105:1932
1100:1931
1095:1930
1090:1929
1085:1928
1080:1927
1075:1926
1070:1925
1065:1924
1060:1923
1055:1922
1050:1921
1045:1920
1040:1919
1035:1918
1030:1917
1025:1916
1020:1915
1015:1914
1010:1913
1005:1912
1000:1911
995:1910
990:1909
985:1908
980:1907
975:1906
970:1905
965:1904
960:1903
955:1902
950:1901
808:ISBN
788:ISBN
680:167.
621:1687
599:1679
574:1670
552:1654
530:1644
521:Moon
506:1638
484:1633
451:1630
434:1595
421:1558
396:1500
346:1250
331:1241
308:1165
294:1010
272:1003
115:and
466:in
419:c.
394:c.
344:c.
329:c.
306:c.
292:c.
270:c.
249:875
247:c.
231:559
229:c.
203:c.
184:c.
175:of
158:c.
143:c.
124:c.
111:of
1611::
1592:,
771:45
726:^
648:^
560:,
513:,
283:,
257:,
240:Ye
238:,
98:c.
844:e
837:t
830:v
816:.
719:2
697:2
546:.
524:.
500:.
478:.
361:.
339:.
153:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.