143:
36:
249:
50:
642:- "Contrary to what you might think, rubber timing belts do not stretch with accumulated mileage and wear. They are reinforced with strands of fiberglass which makes them virtually unstretchable. After making the crankshaft to cam drive circuit millions of times, the strands can become brittle and may begin to break. Eventually the reinforcing cords give way, the belt snaps and the engine quits."
898:
efficiency. Those engines with long chains sometimes tended to whip about and cause problems. The only alternative was a noisy and complicated multi-gear train until the cogged rubber synchronous timing belt was invented in 1945. Today the timing belt cam drive is used in distinguished automobiles such as
Ferrari, Mercedes, Cadillac, Corvette, BMW, Alfa Romeo, Porsche, etc.
312:
345:
Aside from the belt/chain itself, also common is a failure of the tensioner, and/or the various gear and idler bearings, causing the belt/chain to derail. Furthermore, in engines where the timing belt drives the water pump, failure of the water pump can cause the pump to seize, which can break the
279:
Metal timing chains have become more widespread in car engines produced since the 1990s, due to the lack of the regular maintenance task of replacing a rubber timing belt. While the chains themselves are subject to minimal wear, lubrication of the chain or failure of the tensioner and chain guides
204:
The usual failure modes of timing belts are either stripped teeth (which leaves a smooth section of belt where the drive cog will slip) or delamination and unraveling of the fiber cores. Breakage of the belt, because of the nature of the high tensile fibers, is uncommon. Often overlooked, debris
155:. The advantages of timing belts are typically a lower cost, reduced friction losses, less noise and that belts traditionally do not require lubrication. The main disadvantage is that belts wear over time, therefore belt replacement is recommended at specific intervals. Replacement of the engine's
200:
Manufacturer-specification timing belts may stretch at high rpm, retarding the cam and therefore the ignition. Stronger aftermarket belts will not stretch and the timing is preserved. When designing the timing belt, a wider belt increases its strength however a narrower belt reduces weight and
133:
engines mostly use timing belts or timing chains, since these are better suited to transferring drive over larger distances. Timing belts were common on mass-production cars until the 1970s and 1980s, however since the 1990s timing chains have become more common due to the replacement intervals
146:
A toothed rubber timing belt, also known as a synchronous belt, is a crucial component in an internal combustion engine. It is made of durable rubber and features teeth on its inner surface that mesh with corresponding grooves on the crankshaft and camshaft pulleys. These teeth ensure precise
897:
In earlier engines, camshafts were often gear-driven off the crankshaft. Later, powerplant designers developed chain drives in OHV (overhead valve) configurations that allowed some flexibility in the placement of the camshaft so that shorter pushrods could be used, for more performance and
287:, where the crankshaft and camshaft are very close together, use a short chain drive rather than a direct gear drive. This is because gear drives suffer from frequent torque reversal as the cam profiles "kick back" against the drive from the crank, leading to excessive noise and wear.
190:. Thus the life expectancy of a timing belt is lowered in hot or leaky engines. Also, the life of the reinforcing cords is also affected by water and antifreeze, so it is important that belt that can be exposed to water is able to drain the water away quickly.
280:
can cause maintenance issues. By contrast to rubber-based timing belts which give no indication of snapping while one is driving, early symptoms of a timing chain system becoming worn exist, and these include a rattling noise from the front of the engine.
302:
Fiber or nylon covered gears, with more resilience, are often used instead of steel gears where direct drive is used. However, commercial engines and aircraft engines use steel gears only, as these other materials can fail suddenly and without warning.
346:
timing belt or chain. For this reason, timing belts and chains are often sold as part of a kit with the water pump, tensioner, and idler pulleys so that these parts can be replaced to prevent timing belt or chain failure due to failure of these parts.
121:
The most common devices to transfer the drive are toothed rubber belts, metal timing chains or a set of gears. The teeth of the belt/chain/gears mesh with both the crankshaft and camshaft(s), thereby synchronising their motion.
162:
Timing belts are typically located in front of the engine and are often behind a cover for protection against dust and debris. However a few engines since 2008 have used "wet timing belts", whereby the belt is lubricated by
217:
racing car, used an engine converted from pushrods to overhead camshafts through the use of a toothed belt made by the Gilmer
Company. This car won the Sports Car Club of America (SCCA) National Championship in 1956.
327:, which can suffer catastrophic damage in the event of timing system failure, since the loss of synchronization between the crankshaft and the camshaft will cause the valves to collide with the pistons.
179:
A timing belt is typically made from rubber, although some belts are instead made from polyurethane or neoprene. The structure of the belt is reinforced with corded fibres (acting as
147:
synchronization between the rotation of the crankshaft and camshaft, which is essential for the correct timing of the engine’s valves in relation to the movement of the pistons.
1120:
494:
1003:
726:
877:
701:
1060:
213:
Toothed belts were invented in the early 1940s, for use in textile mills. The first known automobile engine to use a timing belt was the
American 1954
1113:
159:
at the same time is often recommended, since the water pump is also subject to wear and easily accessed during the replacement of the timing belt.
1792:
1688:
168:
495:"Gates - Timing Belt Replacement Guide with illustration of V6 timing belt installation and list of engines and replacement recommendations"
205:
and dirt that mix with oil and grease can slowly wear at the belt and materials advancing the wear process, causing premature belt failure.
197:
shaped teeth leading to high rates of tooth wear. Newer manufacturing techniques allow for curved teeth that are quieter and last longer.
1797:
1106:
129:
engines, the camshaft is located in the block near the crankshaft, therefore a simple gear system is often used to drive the camshaft.
1787:
1627:
986:
662:
167:
to reduce friction. In some engine designs the timing belt may also be used to drive other components, such as the water pump and
498:
114:. The crankshaft drives the camshaft (via a timing belt, timing chain or gears), which in turn actuates the intake and exhaust
772:
519:
1305:
1011:
911:
846:
1602:
730:
1186:
156:
1782:
1129:
686:
1738:
1652:
1597:
1549:
1457:
226:
1733:
1574:
1283:
824:
885:
705:
1508:
1064:
569:
799:
1088:
1447:
1288:
335:
296:
284:
445:
118:. These valves allow the engine to inhale air (or an air/fuel mixture) and exhale the exhaust gasses.
1777:
1442:
1214:
941:
233:
1592:
1490:
1220:
360:
324:
1513:
1310:
680:
657:. Bryan Crowther, Rapra Technology Limited. Shrewsbury, Shropshire : Rapra Technology Ltd. 2001.
365:
1315:
1255:
1206:
982:
978:
969:
668:
658:
130:
1607:
1564:
1523:
1472:
1437:
1358:
1345:
751:
142:
1718:
1429:
1278:
1235:
375:
180:
420:
545:
323:
Failure of the timing system will prevent an engine from running. Many modern cars use
35:
1584:
1554:
1409:
1176:
523:
126:
338:
applications will generate engine codes and check engine lights prior to engine rattle
248:
1771:
1756:
1647:
1640:
1617:
1462:
1394:
1389:
1353:
1270:
1210:
1171:
1161:
395:
316:
103:
63:
1373:
1368:
1335:
1240:
1230:
1166:
1150:
232:
engine was the first US mass-produced vehicle to use a timing belt, while the 1966
152:
115:
91:
49:
17:
1751:
1635:
1452:
1404:
1363:
1320:
1250:
919:
854:
355:
94:
open and close at the correct times in relation to the position of the pistons.
1076:
Example of an Audi belt that broke before the recommended replacement interval.
1723:
1683:
1662:
1657:
1559:
1544:
1467:
1399:
1325:
1265:
1196:
598:
396:"Timing belt: problems, tensioner, what happens if it breaks, when to replace"
214:
111:
83:
1098:
469:
236:
was the first mass-produced engine to use a timing belt with twin camshafts.
1678:
1419:
1414:
1201:
1181:
672:
222:
194:
187:
164:
800:"Top 6 Causes of Timing Belt Failure - Insight - Acorn Industrial Services"
626:
1701:
1697:
1569:
1300:
1225:
1191:
652:
107:
87:
311:
1728:
1612:
370:
878:"Behold Your Timing Belt: Keeping the camshaft and crankshaft in sync"
1539:
1518:
1295:
1245:
546:"Belt-In-Oil Timing Drives: A Sign Of The Times In The Auto Industry"
570:"Timing Belts - GT2, T5, XL and more | Belt Corporation of America"
225:
was the first mass-produced vehicle to use a timing belt. The 1966
773:"Fundamentals of Design: Topic #5 - Power Transmission Elements I"
310:
141:
82:
is a perishable component used to synchronize the rotation of the
1033:
577:
1693:
330:
Warning signs that a timing chain needs to be replaced include:
299:, due to the close proximity of the camshaft to the crankshaft.
186:
Rubber degrades with higher temperatures, and with contact with
183:) and the toothed surface is reinforced with a fabric covering.
55:
A timing chain (installed around the two circular cam sprockets)
1102:
1140:
243:
446:"Auto Services in Morehead City, NC | Beachview Auto Service"
702:"Timing To Win: Ignition Timing for Maximum Performance"
631:
Carley's Online
Library of Automotive Technical Articles
341:
Older, pre-VVT applications will generate engine rattle
260:
970:"Expanding on Excellence: The 5-Series and 3-Series"
151:
The phrase "timing belt" usually refers to a rubber
1711:
1671:
1626:
1583:
1532:
1499:
1481:
1428:
1382:
1344:
1264:
1149:
977:. Skokie, IL: Publications International. p.
968:
90:. This synchronisation ensures that the engine's
1089:"Timing Chain System Frequently Asked Questions"
1004:"Rattling noise could be from worn timing chain"
729:. PR Newswire Association. 2006. Archived from
1114:
727:"Goodyear Develops New NASCAR Cam Drive Belt"
8:
752:"An Overview Of The 2005 Mitsubishi Galant"
1121:
1107:
1099:
633:. AA1Car Automotive Diagnostic Repair Help
606:Stock Drive Products / Sterling Instrument
1187:Crankcase ventilation system (PCV valve)
522:. Car Care Council. 2008. Archived from
704:. Circle Track Magazine. Archived from
387:
678:
599:"Handbook Of Timing Belts And Pulleys"
470:"All About Your Vehicle's Timing Belt"
110:(s) are mechanically connected to the
780:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
27:Part of an internal combustion engine
7:
884:. Advance Auto Parts. Archived from
497:. Gates Corporation. Archived from
627:"Timing chains, gears & belts"
134:required when using timing belts.
25:
1061:"Audi A4 Car Timing Belt Quality"
295:Timing gears are used in various
975:BMW - Bavaria's Driving Machines
700:Simmons, Keith (February 2009).
319:bent due to a broken timing belt
247:
48:
34:
1289:Overhead valve (pushrod) layout
942:"Inside the 1966 Pontiac OHC 6"
754:. The Auto Channel. 2004-10-24
1:
1793:Mechanical power transmission
544:Dayton, Thomas (2018-05-29).
41:A timing belt being installed
450:www.beachviewautoservice.com
1091:. Cloyes. 11 November 2019.
1059:Bennekom, Fred Van (2005).
946:www.macsmotorcitygarage.com
574:Belt Corporation of America
1814:
1798:Mechanical synchronization
1130:Internal combustion engine
1002:Siegel, Ira (2007-04-05).
654:Handbook of rubber bonding
1788:Motor vehicle maintenance
1747:
1598:Diesel particulate filter
1550:Idle air control actuator
1491:Engine control unit (ECU)
1136:
1034:"Timing Belts and Chains"
912:"Small bore... big pull!"
847:"Small bore... big pull!"
1663:Viscous fan (fan clutch)
1575:Throttle position sensor
1284:Overhead camshaft layout
910:Ritch, Ocee (May 1957).
845:Ritch, Ocee (May 1957).
520:"It's All in the Timing"
1202:Core plug (freeze plug)
967:Norbye, Jan P. (1984).
916:Sports Cars Illustrated
851:Sports Cars Illustrated
876:Temple, Steve (2004).
685:: CS1 maint: others (
625:Carley, Larry (2005).
421:"Engine Timing System"
320:
297:overhead valve engines
148:
314:
145:
1443:Compression ignition
325:interference engines
234:Fiat Twin Cam engine
138:Toothed rubber belts
1593:Catalytic converter
832:training.bsc.com.au
804:www.acorn-ind.co.uk
550:Counterman Magazine
361:Interference engine
18:Timing drive system
1719:Knocking / pinging
1311:Combustion chamber
948:. 12 November 2020
366:List of auto parts
321:
307:Effects of failure
259:. You can help by
149:
1783:Engine components
1765:
1764:
1734:Stratified charge
1501:Electrical system
1483:Engine management
1316:Compression ratio
1256:Starter ring gear
1155:rotating assembly
1014:on 1 October 2011
1008:Chicago Sun Times
277:
276:
193:Older belts have
131:Overhead camshaft
16:(Redirected from
1805:
1608:Exhaust manifold
1473:Spark plug wires
1359:Boost controller
1346:Forced induction
1123:
1116:
1109:
1100:
1093:
1092:
1085:
1079:
1078:
1073:
1072:
1063:. Archived from
1056:
1050:
1049:
1047:
1045:
1029:
1023:
1022:
1020:
1019:
1010:. Archived from
999:
993:
992:
972:
964:
958:
957:
955:
953:
938:
932:
931:
929:
927:
922:on April 8, 2014
918:. Archived from
907:
901:
900:
894:
893:
873:
867:
866:
864:
862:
857:on April 8, 2014
853:. Archived from
842:
836:
835:
829:
821:
815:
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811:
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622:
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588:
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576:. Archived from
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560:
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541:
535:
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531:
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510:
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507:
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474:www.carparts.com
466:
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425:www.grc.nasa.gov
417:
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400:www.samarins.com
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1768:
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1739:Top dead centre
1707:
1667:
1622:
1579:
1528:
1502:
1495:
1484:
1477:
1424:
1378:
1340:
1296:Tappet / lifter
1279:Flathead layout
1269:
1260:
1154:
1145:
1132:
1127:
1097:
1096:
1087:
1086:
1082:
1070:
1068:
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1043:
1041:
1032:Scott, George.
1031:
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989:
966:
965:
961:
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766:
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418:
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404:
402:
394:
393:
389:
384:
376:Serpentine belt
352:
309:
293:
285:pushrod engines
273:
267:
264:
257:needs expansion
242:
211:
181:tension members
177:
140:
100:
70:(also called a
60:
59:
58:
57:
56:
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44:
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28:
23:
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12:
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5:
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1628:Cooling system
1624:
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1610:
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1600:
1595:
1589:
1587:
1585:Exhaust system
1581:
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1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1555:Inlet manifold
1552:
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1410:Fuel injection
1407:
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1397:
1392:
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1384:
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1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1177:Connecting rod
1174:
1169:
1164:
1158:
1156:
1147:
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1137:
1134:
1133:
1128:
1126:
1125:
1118:
1111:
1103:
1095:
1094:
1080:
1051:
1040:. George Scott
1024:
994:
987:
959:
933:
902:
868:
837:
825:"Timing Belts"
816:
791:
764:
743:
718:
692:
663:
644:
617:
590:
561:
536:
511:
486:
461:
437:
412:
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339:
308:
305:
292:
289:
275:
274:
254:
252:
241:
238:
221:The 1962 Glas
210:
207:
176:
173:
139:
136:
127:overhead valve
125:In many older
104:piston engines
99:
96:
54:
47:
46:
45:
40:
33:
32:
31:
30:
29:
26:
24:
14:
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6:
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2:
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1641:Water cooling
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1629:
1625:
1619:
1618:Oxygen sensor
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1543:
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1538:
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1535:
1533:Intake system
1531:
1525:
1524:Starter motor
1522:
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1517:
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1510:
1507:
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1504:
1498:
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1463:Ignition coil
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1449:
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1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1395:Petrol engine
1393:
1391:
1390:Diesel engine
1388:
1387:
1385:
1381:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1354:Blowoff valve
1352:
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1337:
1334:
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1327:
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1271:Cylinder head
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1162:Balance shaft
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1067:on 2011-07-11
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806:. August 2016
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664:1-85957-167-0
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580:on 2016-08-19
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526:on 2010-10-30
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255:This section
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240:Timing chains
239:
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215:Devin-Panhard
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64:piston engine
51:
37:
19:
1648:Electric fan
1448:Coil-on-plug
1374:Turbocharger
1369:Supercharger
1330:
1241:Main bearing
1231:Firing order
1221:Displacement
1167:Block heater
1151:Engine block
1139:Part of the
1138:
1083:
1075:
1069:. Retrieved
1065:the original
1054:
1042:. Retrieved
1038:Econofix.com
1037:
1027:
1016:. Retrieved
1012:the original
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920:the original
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855:the original
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731:the original
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609:. Retrieved
605:
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582:. Retrieved
578:the original
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524:the original
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503:. Retrieved
499:the original
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477:. Retrieved
473:
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453:. Retrieved
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428:. Retrieved
424:
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403:. Retrieved
399:
390:
344:
334:Later model
329:
322:
301:
294:
291:Timing gears
282:
278:
265:
261:adding to it
256:
228:
220:
212:
203:
199:
192:
185:
178:
175:Construction
161:
153:toothed belt
150:
124:
120:
101:
80:timing gears
79:
76:timing chain
75:
71:
67:
61:
1778:Belt drives
1672:Lubrication
1636:Air cooling
1453:Distributor
1405:Fuel filter
1383:Fuel system
1364:Intercooler
1331:Timing belt
1321:Head gasket
1251:Piston ring
356:Gilmer belt
68:timing belt
66:, either a
1772:Categories
1724:Power band
1684:Oil filter
1658:Thermostat
1603:EGT sensor
1565:MAF sensor
1560:MAP sensor
1545:Air filter
1509:Alternator
1468:Spark plug
1400:Carburetor
1326:Rocker arm
1266:Valvetrain
1197:Crankshaft
1141:Automobile
1071:2010-10-23
1018:2010-10-23
892:2006-06-09
810:2017-04-20
785:2017-04-20
758:2010-10-23
737:2010-10-23
712:2010-10-23
637:2006-06-09
611:2017-04-20
584:2017-04-20
555:2021-10-31
530:2010-10-23
505:2010-10-23
455:2024-08-29
382:References
268:March 2022
201:friction.
165:engine oil
157:water pump
112:crankshaft
84:crankshaft
78:or set of
1458:Glow plug
1420:Fuel tank
1415:Fuel pump
1182:Crankcase
681:cite book
195:trapezoid
188:motor oil
1757:Category
1702:Dry sump
1698:Wet sump
1689:Oil pump
1653:Radiator
1570:Throttle
1430:Ignition
1301:Camshaft
1226:Flywheel
1207:Cylinder
1192:Crankpin
952:14 March
926:April 9,
882:Know-How
861:April 9,
673:46713394
479:14 March
430:14 March
405:14 March
350:See also
227:Pontiac
169:oil pump
108:camshaft
102:In most
88:camshaft
86:and the
1729:Redline
1613:Muffler
1514:Battery
1438:Magneto
371:Pushrod
229:OHC Six
209:History
72:cambelt
1752:Portal
1540:Airbox
1519:Dynamo
1246:Piston
1236:Stroke
1215:layout
1143:series
985:
671:
661:
317:valves
116:valves
106:, the
98:Design
92:valves
1712:Other
1336:Valve
1306:Chest
1044:8 May
828:(PDF)
776:(PDF)
602:(PDF)
283:Most
74:) or
62:In a
1694:Sump
1211:bank
1172:Bore
1046:2012
983:ISBN
954:2022
928:2008
863:2008
687:link
669:OCLC
659:ISBN
481:2022
432:2022
407:2022
315:Two
223:1004
1679:Oil
1268:and
1153:and
979:191
336:VVT
263:.
1774::
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