686:
985:
700:
37:
1871:
658:
714:
672:
1883:
495:
In addition, Parthasarathy et al. also list D. S. Rajan as the third translator of the Kural text into
Chinese. However, the translation remains unpublished and he is said to have translated only 60 couplets in all.
630:
as foundations of life. Incidentally, Valluvar differed from
Confucius in two respects. Firstly, unlike Confucius, Valluvar was also a poet. Secondly, Confucius did not deal with the subject of
387:
1820:
295:
1911:
1645:
1432:
399:
794:
425:
1580:
377:
856:
738:
Polilan; K. Gunathogai; Lena Kumar; Tagadur
Sampath; Mutthamizh; G. Picchai Vallinayagam; D. Anbunidhi; K. V. Neduncheraladhan, eds. (2019).
264:
239:
1557:
974:
931:
1595:
1339:
1916:
290:
462:
Press. The
Nattukottai Chettiars Endowment Fund, which has also provided a Malay translation, funded the first Chinese translation.
372:
280:
1468:
827:
Parthasarathy, Sa.; Ashraf, N.V.K.; Rajendiran, C.; Thangavelu, Elangovan; Duraisamy, Senthilselvan; Selvan, Ajey Kumar (2023).
1810:
454:
The first
Chinese translation of the Kural text was made by Che'ng Hsi in 1967, published by the Department of Indian Studies,
1805:
418:
346:
152:
1476:
193:
178:
316:
285:
111:
1697:
1705:
1423:
1354:
1518:
1494:
1389:
1265:
964:
411:
760:. Department of Indian Studies. University of Malaya. (Printed at the Hong Kong University Press). pp. vii.
1851:
1364:
924:
367:
1620:
1502:
984:
643:
249:
157:
96:
71:
1615:
332:
218:
116:
86:
1886:
602:
focused on the behaviors and moral conducts of a common person. Similar to
Valluvar, Confucius advocated
1570:
969:
382:
244:
147:
91:
76:
1856:
1846:
1815:
1715:
1539:
1531:
1489:
1481:
1394:
1344:
485:
459:
455:
394:
259:
254:
101:
20:
1875:
1841:
1784:
1025:
917:
326:
183:
142:
132:
106:
81:
1836:
1779:
1774:
1733:
1510:
1463:
1445:
1359:
1349:
1009:
1004:
482:
188:
66:
61:
1720:
1687:
1658:
1605:
1384:
1334:
999:
852:
705:
583:
488:. It was reprinted in India in 2014 by the Department of Tamil Development and Culture in the
311:
162:
51:
1741:
1630:
1590:
1585:
1409:
1399:
470:
439:
337:
873:
1800:
1728:
1635:
627:
342:
321:
36:
615:
1625:
1575:
1565:
1379:
1318:
1219:
1169:
1905:
1692:
1666:
1600:
1374:
1303:
1298:
1239:
954:
719:
663:
631:
619:
603:
234:
137:
1674:
1610:
1523:
1450:
1308:
1278:
1121:
691:
677:
611:
657:
492:
state. Yu Hsi's translation had earlier appeared as a Taiwan publication in 2010.
1682:
1458:
1404:
1369:
1179:
1111:
959:
213:
208:
56:
28:
1746:
1710:
1547:
1283:
1091:
1081:
1061:
940:
653:
489:
443:
362:
1313:
1101:
851:(in Tamil) (1 ed.). Chennai: New Century Book House. pp. 106–111.
599:
203:
713:
1273:
1243:
1209:
1189:
1159:
742:(in Tamil) (1 ed.). Chennai: Periyar Enthusiasts Group. p. 685.
607:
595:
587:
1293:
1288:
1229:
1199:
1145:
623:
198:
1754:
1071:
1041:
478:
474:
466:
357:
352:
594:, meaning "Sacred Sayings") resemble each other in many ways. Both
1141:
1051:
1155:
1131:
913:
909:
634:, for which Valluvar devoted an entire division in his work.
481:
by Poem
Culture Corp. The translation was released by former
795:"Chinese translation of Tirukkural, Bharathi's poems ready"
1829:
1793:
1767:
1644:
1556:
1431:
1422:
1327:
1264:
1257:
1034:
1018:
992:
947:
756:
The
Tirukkural. A Chinese translation by Ch'eng Hsi
900:Confucius: A Biography (Trans. Lun Yu, in English)
469:in 2014, which is a complete translation made in
822:
820:
818:
816:
1821:Sarvajna and Tiruvalluvar statues installation
925:
902:. Confucius Publishing Co. Ltd. pp. vii.
782:. Chennai: University of Madras. p. 138.
733:
731:
419:
8:
842:
840:
838:
874:"Tiruvalluvar and Tirukkural: 提鲁克鲁经, 印度教手稿"
829:Thirukkural Translations in World Languages
1428:
1261:
932:
918:
910:
426:
412:
15:
780:First All India Tirukkural Seminar Papers
503:
727:
303:
272:
226:
170:
124:
43:
27:
442:had two translations available of the
240:Internationalization and localization
7:
1882:
574:Similarities with Confucian thoughts
1912:Tirukkural translations by language
831:. Chennai: ValaiTamil Publications.
582:, meaning "Sacred Verses") and the
465:The second translation was made by
373:Books and magazines on translation
14:
1881:
1870:
1869:
983:
872:Ashraf, N. V. K. (March 2007) .
712:
698:
684:
670:
656:
35:
847:Balasubramanian, K. V. (2016).
1811:Tiruchuli Thiruvalluvar Temple
400:Kural translations by language
378:Bible translations by language
153:Dynamic and formal equivalence
1:
1806:Mylapore Thiruvalluvar Temple
1477:Narayana Purushothama Mallaya
753:Nayagam, X. S. Thani (1967).
388:List of most translated works
194:Translation management system
793:Rajaram, R. (19 June 2014).
606:embracing human principles,
473:. It was first published in
588:classic Analects of Chinese
1933:
1706:August Friedrich Caemmerer
1355:Thirumeni Rathna Kavirayar
774:Bibliography on Tirukkural
1917:Translations into Chinese
1865:
1857:Thiruvalluvar Twin Bridge
1495:Tiruvallam Bhaskaran Nair
981:
614:, besides the virtues of
509:
506:
1852:Thiruvalluvar University
1698:Pierre-Eugène Lamairesse
1365:V. O. Chidambaram Pillai
368:Journalistic translation
1621:Sivaya Subramuniyaswami
1503:Pandurang Sadashiv Sane
644:Tirukkural translations
578:The Kural text (called
450:History of translations
250:Video game localization
158:Contrastive linguistics
1616:Edward Jewitt Robinson
1035:Concepts and teachings
960:Elelasingan (disciple)
333:Telephone interpreting
219:Multimedia translation
1571:K. M. Balasubramaniam
1340:Saravanaperumal Aiyar
771:Sanjeevi, N. (1973).
265:Software localization
245:Language localization
148:Translation criticism
77:Linguistic validation
1847:Impact of Tirukkural
1816:Thiruvalluvar Statue
1540:S. N. Sriramadesikan
1532:Tarlochan Singh Bedi
1490:G. Balakrishnan Nair
1482:Suresh Gundu Amonkar
1395:V. R. Nedunchezhiyan
1345:K. Vadivelu Chettiar
545:那是不杀和杀,因此,食肉永远不可能圣洁。
486:A. P. J. Abdul Kalam
460:Hong Kong University
456:University of Malaya
260:Website localization
1842:A Letter to a Hindu
1785:Thiruvalluvar Award
543:如果你问:"什么是仁慈?什么是冷酷?"
530:258 (Couplet 26:8)
524:254 (Couplet 26:4)
513:, Chapter 26 (禁食肉)
458:and printed at the
327:Video relay service
184:Machine translation
143:Translation project
133:Translation studies
1837:Tiruvalluva Maalai
1780:Kural Peedam Award
1734:Takanobu Takahashi
1581:William Henry Drew
1511:Soibam Rebika Devi
1464:B. M. Srikanthaiah
1446:Kantilal L. Kalani
1360:Ramanuja Kavirayar
1350:Kaviraja Pandithar
898:Anonymous (1999).
849:Thirukkural Peroli
483:President of India
189:Mobile translation
1897:
1896:
1763:
1762:
1721:Albert Schweitzer
1716:Friedrich Rückert
1659:Kamil V. Zvelebil
1606:George Uglow Pope
1418:
1417:
1385:Namakkal Kavignar
1335:Vedagiri Mudaliar
955:Valluvar (author)
858:978-81-2343-061-4
740:Tiruvalluvar 2050
706:Literature portal
584:Confucian sayings
571:
570:
436:
435:
312:Untranslatability
163:Polysystem theory
1924:
1885:
1884:
1873:
1872:
1742:Constanzo Beschi
1631:G. Vanmikanathan
1591:N. E. Kindersley
1586:Charles E. Gover
1519:Chittaranjan Das
1429:
1410:Solomon Pappaiah
1400:Devaneya Pavanar
1262:
1248:Pulaal marutthal
987:
934:
927:
920:
911:
904:
903:
895:
889:
888:
886:
884:
869:
863:
862:
844:
833:
832:
824:
811:
810:
808:
806:
790:
784:
783:
768:
762:
761:
750:
744:
743:
735:
722:
717:
716:
708:
703:
702:
701:
694:
689:
688:
687:
680:
675:
674:
673:
666:
661:
660:
586:recorded in the
536:Che'ng Hsi, 1967
504:
440:Chinese language
438:As of 2015, the
428:
421:
414:
383:Translated books
338:Language barrier
255:Dub localization
39:
16:
1932:
1931:
1927:
1926:
1925:
1923:
1922:
1921:
1902:
1901:
1898:
1893:
1861:
1825:
1801:Valluvar Kottam
1789:
1759:
1729:Shuzo Matsunaga
1647:
1640:
1636:Emmons E. White
1552:
1434:
1414:
1323:
1253:
1126:Naduvu nilaimai
1030:
1014:
988:
979:
970:Dating the work
943:
938:
908:
907:
897:
896:
892:
882:
880:
871:
870:
866:
859:
846:
845:
836:
826:
825:
814:
804:
802:
792:
791:
787:
770:
769:
765:
752:
751:
747:
737:
736:
729:
718:
711:
704:
699:
697:
690:
685:
683:
676:
671:
669:
662:
655:
652:
640:
628:trustworthiness
576:
566:
561:
544:
502:
452:
432:
343:Fan translation
322:Transliteration
112:Sense-for-sense
12:
11:
5:
1930:
1928:
1920:
1919:
1914:
1904:
1903:
1895:
1894:
1892:
1891:
1879:
1866:
1863:
1862:
1860:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1833:
1831:
1827:
1826:
1824:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1797:
1795:
1791:
1790:
1788:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1771:
1769:
1765:
1764:
1761:
1760:
1758:
1757:
1749:
1744:
1736:
1731:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1688:Alain Daniélou
1685:
1677:
1669:
1661:
1652:
1650:
1642:
1641:
1639:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1626:P. S. Sundaram
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1576:A. Chakravarti
1573:
1568:
1566:V. V. S. Aiyar
1562:
1560:
1554:
1553:
1551:
1550:
1542:
1534:
1526:
1521:
1513:
1505:
1497:
1492:
1484:
1479:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1453:
1448:
1439:
1437:
1426:
1420:
1419:
1416:
1415:
1413:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1380:M. Varadarajan
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1331:
1329:
1325:
1324:
1322:
1321:
1319:Parimelalhagar
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1270:
1268:
1259:
1255:
1254:
1252:
1251:
1237:
1227:
1220:Self-restraint
1217:
1207:
1197:
1187:
1177:
1170:Nishkama Karma
1167:
1153:
1139:
1129:
1119:
1109:
1099:
1089:
1079:
1069:
1059:
1049:
1046:Inna seyyaamai
1038:
1036:
1032:
1031:
1029:
1028:
1022:
1020:
1016:
1015:
1013:
1012:
1007:
1002:
996:
994:
990:
989:
982:
980:
978:
977:
972:
967:
962:
957:
951:
949:
945:
944:
939:
937:
936:
929:
922:
914:
906:
905:
890:
864:
857:
834:
812:
785:
763:
745:
726:
725:
724:
723:
709:
695:
681:
667:
651:
648:
647:
646:
639:
636:
575:
572:
569:
568:
563:
558:
555:
549:
548:
546:
541:
538:
532:
531:
525:
519:
518:Chapter Title
515:
514:
508:
501:
498:
451:
448:
434:
433:
431:
430:
423:
416:
408:
405:
404:
403:
402:
397:
392:
391:
390:
380:
375:
370:
365:
360:
355:
350:
347:of video games
340:
335:
330:
324:
319:
314:
306:
305:
304:Related topics
301:
300:
299:
298:
293:
288:
283:
275:
274:
270:
269:
268:
267:
262:
257:
252:
247:
242:
237:
229:
228:
224:
223:
222:
221:
216:
211:
206:
201:
196:
191:
186:
181:
173:
172:
168:
167:
166:
165:
160:
155:
150:
145:
140:
135:
127:
126:
122:
121:
120:
119:
114:
109:
104:
99:
97:Interpretation
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
46:
45:
41:
40:
32:
31:
25:
24:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1929:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1909:
1907:
1900:
1890:
1889:
1880:
1878:
1877:
1868:
1867:
1864:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1834:
1832:
1828:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1798:
1796:
1792:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1775:Valluvar Year
1773:
1772:
1770:
1766:
1756:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1693:Gnanou Diagou
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1667:Paul Geraghty
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1654:
1653:
1651:
1649:
1643:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1601:S. M. Michael
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1563:
1561:
1559:
1555:
1549:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1469:S. Srinivasan
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1441:
1440:
1438:
1436:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1421:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1375:Bharathidasan
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1332:
1330:
1326:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1299:Thirumalaiyar
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1263:
1260:
1256:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1240:Vegetarianism
1238:
1235:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1221:
1218:
1215:
1211:
1208:
1205:
1201:
1198:
1195:
1191:
1188:
1185:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1073:
1070:
1067:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1053:
1050:
1047:
1043:
1040:
1039:
1037:
1033:
1027:
1024:
1023:
1021:
1017:
1011:
1010:Book of Inbam
1008:
1006:
1005:Book of Porul
1003:
1001:
998:
997:
995:
991:
986:
976:
973:
971:
968:
966:
965:Vasuki (wife)
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
952:
950:
946:
942:
935:
930:
928:
923:
921:
916:
915:
912:
901:
894:
891:
879:
875:
868:
865:
860:
854:
850:
843:
841:
839:
835:
830:
823:
821:
819:
817:
813:
800:
796:
789:
786:
781:
777:
773:
767:
764:
759:
755:
749:
746:
741:
734:
732:
728:
721:
720:Poetry portal
715:
710:
707:
696:
693:
682:
679:
668:
665:
664:Tamils portal
659:
654:
649:
645:
642:
641:
637:
635:
633:
632:conjugal love
629:
625:
621:
620:righteousness
617:
613:
609:
605:
604:legal justice
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
573:
564:
559:
556:
554:
551:
550:
547:
542:
539:
537:
534:
533:
529:
526:
523:
520:
517:
516:
512:
505:
499:
497:
493:
491:
487:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
463:
461:
457:
449:
447:
445:
441:
429:
424:
422:
417:
415:
410:
409:
407:
406:
401:
398:
396:
393:
389:
386:
385:
384:
381:
379:
376:
374:
371:
369:
366:
364:
361:
359:
356:
354:
351:
348:
344:
341:
339:
336:
334:
331:
328:
325:
323:
320:
318:
317:Transcription
315:
313:
310:
309:
308:
307:
302:
297:
294:
292:
291:Organizations
289:
287:
284:
282:
279:
278:
277:
276:
273:Institutional
271:
266:
263:
261:
258:
256:
253:
251:
248:
246:
243:
241:
238:
236:
235:Glocalization
233:
232:
231:
230:
225:
220:
217:
215:
212:
210:
207:
205:
202:
200:
197:
195:
192:
190:
187:
185:
182:
180:
177:
176:
175:
174:
169:
164:
161:
159:
156:
154:
151:
149:
146:
144:
141:
139:
138:Skopos theory
136:
134:
131:
130:
129:
128:
123:
118:
115:
113:
110:
108:
107:Word-for-word
105:
103:
100:
98:
95:
93:
90:
88:
85:
83:
80:
78:
75:
73:
70:
68:
65:
63:
60:
58:
55:
53:
50:
49:
48:
47:
42:
38:
34:
33:
30:
26:
22:
18:
17:
1899:
1887:
1874:
1751:
1738:
1725:
1702:
1679:
1675:Pentti Aalto
1671:
1663:
1655:
1611:H. A. Popley
1596:John Lazarus
1544:
1536:
1528:
1524:Gananath Das
1515:
1507:
1499:
1486:
1473:
1455:
1451:P. C. Kokila
1442:
1424:Translations
1309:Pari Perumal
1279:Manakkudavar
1258:Commentaries
1247:
1233:
1230:Truthfulness
1223:
1213:
1210:Selflessness
1203:
1193:
1183:
1174:Ava arutthal
1173:
1163:
1149:
1135:
1125:
1122:Impartiality
1116:Virundhombal
1115:
1105:
1095:
1085:
1075:
1065:
1055:
1045:
1000:Book of Aram
899:
893:
881:. Retrieved
877:
867:
848:
828:
803:. Retrieved
798:
788:
779:
775:
772:
766:
757:
754:
748:
739:
692:China portal
678:India portal
612:filial piety
591:
579:
577:
562:殺生為食則是無益的罪惡。
560:慈悲是不殺生,洗心革面;
553:Yu Hsi, 2014
552:
535:
527:
521:
510:
507:Translation
500:Translations
494:
464:
453:
437:
281:Associations
227:Localization
171:Technologies
1683:E. S. Ariel
1545:Saurashtra:
1459:L. Gundappa
1405:Karunanidhi
1390:V. Munusamy
1370:Thiru Vi Ka
1180:Non-killing
1112:Hospitality
1026:Kural Venba
975:Other names
616:benevolence
395:Translators
214:Postediting
209:Pre-editing
29:Translation
1906:Categories
1747:Karl Graul
1711:Karl Graul
1548:Sankhu Ram
1487:Malayalam:
1284:Dhamatthar
1082:Discipline
1062:Compassion
941:Tirukkural
650:References
580:Tirukkural
567:因為它不過是腐屍。
490:Tamil Nadu
444:Tirukkural
363:Scanlation
204:Subtitling
117:Homophonic
87:Regulatory
1794:Memorials
1752:Mandarin:
1726:Japanese:
1648:languages
1537:Sanskrit:
1443:Gujarati:
1435:languages
1314:Kaalingar
1184:Kollaamai
1102:Gratitude
878:GeoCities
805:19 August
801:. Chennai
799:The Hindu
758:. Preface
600:Confucius
565:智者不以肉類為食,
92:Technical
1876:Category
1672:Finnish:
1529:Punjabi:
1500:Marathi:
1474:Konkani:
1456:Kannada:
1274:Dharumar
1266:Medieval
1244:Veganism
1190:Patience
1160:Kindness
883:16 April
638:See also
608:courtesy
596:Valluvar
590:(called
471:Mandarin
102:Cultural
57:Literary
21:a series
19:Part of
1888:Commons
1768:Culture
1703:German:
1680:French:
1664:Fijian:
1558:English
1508:Meitei:
1294:Paridhi
1289:Nacchar
1234:Vaaimai
1224:Adakkam
1214:Thuravu
1200:Penance
1146:Destiny
1086:Olukkam
1019:Grammar
948:History
624:loyalty
296:Schools
199:Dubbing
82:Medical
1830:Legacy
1755:Yu Hsi
1739:Latin:
1656:Czech:
1433:Indian
1328:Modern
1304:Mallar
1204:Thavam
1106:Nandri
1092:Giving
1072:Dharma
1042:Ahimsa
855:
610:, and
592:Lun Yu
479:Taiwan
475:Taipei
467:Yu Hsi
358:Fandub
353:Fansub
286:Awards
125:Theory
1646:Other
1516:Odia:
1194:Porai
1142:Karma
1136:Inbam
1096:Eegai
1056:Porul
1052:Artha
993:Parts
528:Kural
522:Kural
511:Kural
329:(VRS)
72:Kural
67:Quran
62:Bible
52:Legal
44:Types
1164:Anbu
1156:Love
1132:Kama
1076:Aram
1066:Arul
885:2017
853:ISBN
807:2016
626:and
598:and
557:素食主義
1150:Uul
540:禁食肉
179:CAT
1908::
876:.
837:^
815:^
797:.
778:In
776:.
730:^
622:,
618:,
477:,
446:.
23:on
1250:)
1246:(
1242:/
1236:)
1232:(
1226:)
1222:(
1216:)
1212:(
1206:)
1202:(
1196:)
1192:(
1186:)
1182:(
1176:)
1172:(
1166:)
1162:(
1158:/
1152:)
1148:(
1144:/
1138:)
1134:(
1128:)
1124:(
1118:)
1114:(
1108:)
1104:(
1098:)
1094:(
1088:)
1084:(
1078:)
1074:(
1068:)
1064:(
1058:)
1054:(
1048:)
1044:(
933:e
926:t
919:v
887:.
861:.
809:.
427:e
420:t
413:v
349:)
345:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.