1199:
458:
515:, who in 1962 praised the translation thus: "As far as I know, the two best translations of Tirukkural had been till this day, Graul’s old German version … and V. V. S. Iyer’s (translation in English)." Speaking about the Kural in his introduction, Graul said, "No translation can convey any idea of its charming effect. It is truly an apple of gold in a network of silver." The nineteenth century witnessed one more translation by Albrecht Frenz and K. Lalithambal in 1877 (titled
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614:. Referring to the Kural literature as 'the Hindu Kural' in his correspondence, Tolstoy cited six couplets from the chapter on non-violence. Taking Tolstoy's advice, Gandhi then took to studying the Kural while in prison, which later culminated in Gandhi's various non-violent movements to liberate the nation.
502:
in 1856. It is said that when a Kural couplet was explained in
English to Graul, he was so much taken up with it and started learning the Tamil language in order to study the Kural in the original. Graul published his translation in 220 pages under the title
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Polilan; K. Gunathogai; Lena Kumar; Tagadur
Sampath; Mutthamizh; G. Picchai Vallinayagam; D. Anbunidhi; K. V. Neduncheraladhan, eds. (2019).
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Parthasarathy, Sa.; Ashraf, N.V.K.; Rajendiran, C.; Thangavelu, Elangovan; Duraisamy, Senthilselvan; Selvan, Ajey Kumar (2023).
2024:
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2019:
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is said to have bolstered when he read one of the German translations of the Kural. Tolstoy later instilled the concept in
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According to S. Maharajan, it was couplet 1091 from the Third Book of the Kural that was explained to Graul:
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Die Weisen, die der
Leidenschaft den RĂĽcken kehrten, essen nicht den Leib, der dem Leben den RĂĽcken kehrte.
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Colonizing the Realm of Words: The
Transformation of Tamil Literature in Nineteenth-Century South India
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in 1847. However, these remained incomplete. Caemmerer translated only the first two books, viz. the
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Was ist Huld und ihr
Gegentheil? Tödten und Nichttödten. Unrecht ist’s auch jenes Fleisch zu essen.
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454:. As of 2015, there were at least eight translations of the Kural text available in German.
447:
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2014:
1942:
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1116:, Volume 3). Leipzig: Dörffling & Franke; London: Williams & Norgate. 220 pages. (
1110:
Der Kural des
Tiruvalluver. Ein gnomisches Gedicht ĂĽber die drei Strebeziele des Menschen.
804:
451:
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Der Kural des
Tiruvalluver. Ein gnomisches Gedicht ĂĽber die drei Strebeziele des Menschen
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Fragt man, was Gnade ist: Nicht töten – Fleisch essen ist ebensowenig Gnade wie Töten.
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610:" when young Gandhi corresponded with him seeking his advice on the struggle for
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Graul's translation is considered a scholarly one by various scholars including
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28:
792:. First All India Tirukkural Seminar Papers. University of Madras. p. 124.
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752:. Makers of Indian Literature (2nd ed.). New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi.
1487:
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1423:
1403:
1373:
705:(in Tamil) (1 ed.). Chennai: Periyar Enthusiasts Group. p. 685.
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Forward. Tirukkural by
Tiruvalluvar. Translated by K. M. Balasubramaniam
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1502:
1443:
1413:
1359:
520:
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1968:
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777:. Madras: Manali Lakshmana Mudaliar Specific Endowments. p. 327.
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482:
The first translations of the Kural text into German were made by
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959:"A Letter to A Hindu: The Subjection of India-Its Cause and Cure"
904:"A Letter to A Hindu: The Subjection of India-Its Cause and Cure"
1369:
1345:
1127:
498:. The first well-known complete German translation was made by
1123:
879:
Secular Virtue: for surviving, thriving, and fulfillment
844:
842:
577:
Leute ohne
Verblendung essen kernen Körper ohne Leben.
509:
Bibliotheca
Tamulica sive Opera Praecipia Tamuliensium.
1114:
Bibliotheca Tamulica sive Opera Praecipia Tamuliensium
935:, in M.P. Mathai; M.S. John; Siby K. Joseph (eds.),
853:. New Delhi: Rupa Publications. pp. xviii–xxi.
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has the third highest number of translations of the
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2007:
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1206:
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1005:
Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: Sasay to Zorgot
937:
Meditations on Gandhi: a Ravindra Varma festschrift
687:. Chennai: University of Madras. pp. 146–147.
743:
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739:
2035:Sarvajna and Tiruvalluvar statues installation
1139:
696:
694:
419:
8:
872:
870:
722:. Albany, New York: SUNY Press. p. 24.
507:as the third volume of the four-volume work
832:Thirukkural Translations in World Languages
629:List of Tirukkural translations by language
537:Kapitel 26, Vermeide das Essen von Fleisch
1642:
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517:Thirukural von Thiruvalluvar aus dem Tamil
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15:
685:First All India Tirukkural Seminar Papers
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651:the in-drinking eyes of this maid have—
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570:Albrecht Frenz and K. Lalithambal, 1877
303:
272:
226:
170:
124:
43:
27:
939:, New Delhi: Concept, pp. 96–112
790:Tributes to Tirukkural. A compilation
240:Internationalization and localization
7:
2096:
2126:Tirukkural translations by language
985:
835:. Chennai: ValaiTamil Publications.
851:Thirukkural: Pearls of Inspiration
373:Books and magazines on translation
14:
957:Tolstoy, Leo (14 December 1908).
902:Tolstoy, Leo (14 December 1908).
2095:
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803:Ashraf, N. V. K. (March 2007) .
35:
2025:Tiruchuli Thiruvalluvar Temple
1008:. New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi.
655:and the other that cures you."
438:Among the European languages,
400:Kural translations by language
378:Bible translations by language
153:Dynamic and formal equivalence
1:
2020:Mylapore Thiruvalluvar Temple
1691:Narayana Purushothama Mallaya
1108:Karl Graul (Trans.). (1856).
388:List of most translated works
194:Translation management system
2147:
1920:August Friedrich Caemmerer
1569:Thirumeni Rathna Kavirayar
679:Bibliography on Tirukkural
653:the one that makes you ill
527:Comparison of translations
484:August Friedrich Caemmerer
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2071:Thiruvalluvar Twin Bridge
1709:Tiruvallam Bhaskaran Nair
1195:
536:
533:
2131:Translations into German
2066:Thiruvalluvar University
1912:Pierre-Eugène Lamairesse
1579:V. O. Chidambaram Pillai
906:. The Literature Network
716:Ebeling, Sascha (2010).
368:Journalistic translation
1835:Sivaya Subramuniyaswami
1717:Pandurang Sadashiv Sane
877:Walsh, William (2018).
624:Tirukkural translations
519:). It was published in
250:Video game localization
158:Contrastive linguistics
1830:Edward Jewitt Robinson
1249:Concepts and teachings
1174:Elelasingan (disciple)
1103:Published translations
963:The Literature Network
479:
464:
333:Telephone interpreting
219:Multimedia translation
1785:K. M. Balasubramaniam
1554:Saravanaperumal Aiyar
988:, pp. 4333–4334.
788:Sanjeevi, N. (1973).
773:Zvelebil, K. (1962).
748:S. Maharajan (2017).
676:Sanjeevi, N. (1973).
475:
460:
265:Software localization
245:Language localization
148:Translation criticism
77:Linguistic validation
2061:Impact of Tirukkural
2030:Thiruvalluvar Statue
1754:S. N. Sriramadesikan
1746:Tarlochan Singh Bedi
1704:G. Balakrishnan Nair
1696:Suresh Gundu Amonkar
1609:V. R. Nedunchezhiyan
1559:K. Vadivelu Chettiar
933:"Gandhi and Tolstoy"
849:Rajaram, M. (2009).
260:Website localization
2056:A Letter to a Hindu
1999:Thiruvalluvar Award
1002:Lal, Mohan (1992).
612:Indian Independence
607:A Letter to a Hindu
551:258 (Couplet 26:8)
545:254 (Couplet 26:4)
327:Video relay service
184:Machine translation
143:Translation project
133:Translation studies
2051:Tiruvalluva Maalai
1994:Kural Peedam Award
1948:Takanobu Takahashi
1795:William Henry Drew
1725:Soibam Rebika Devi
1678:B. M. Srikanthaiah
1660:Kantilal L. Kalani
1574:Ramanuja Kavirayar
1564:Kaviraja Pandithar
649:"Two are the looks
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189:Mobile translation
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1930:Friedrich RĂĽckert
1873:Kamil V. Zvelebil
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1549:Vedagiri Mudaliar
1169:Valluvar (author)
1082:Literature portal
1015:978-81-260-1221-3
929:Parel, Anthony J.
888:978-06-920-5418-5
860:978-81-291-1467-9
729:978-1-4384-3199-4
703:Tiruvalluvar 2050
588:Russian pacifist
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312:Untranslatability
163:Polysystem theory
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171:Technologies
1897:E. S. Ariel
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1673:L. Gundappa
1619:Karunanidhi
1604:V. Munusamy
1584:Thiru Vi Ka
1394:Non-killing
1326:Hospitality
1240:Kural Venba
1189:Other names
1118:Digitalisat
968:12 February
943:8 September
910:12 February
590:Leo Tolstoy
395:Translators
214:Postediting
209:Pre-editing
29:Translation
2120:Categories
1961:Karl Graul
1925:Karl Graul
1762:Sankhu Ram
1701:Malayalam:
1498:Dhamatthar
1296:Discipline
1276:Compassion
1155:Tirukkural
663:References
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462:Karl Graul
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1649:languages
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92:Technical
2090:Category
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1670:Kannada:
1488:Dharumar
1480:Medieval
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1404:Patience
1374:Kindness
986:Lal 1992
931:(2002),
814:16 April
618:See also
494:and the
446:, after
102:Cultural
57:Literary
21:a series
19:Part of
2102:Commons
1982:Culture
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1894:French:
1878:Fijian:
1772:English
1722:Meitei:
1508:Paridhi
1503:Nacchar
1448:Vaaimai
1438:Adakkam
1428:Thuravu
1414:Penance
1360:Destiny
1300:Olukkam
1233:Grammar
1162:History
1021:7 March
996:Sources
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468:History
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296:Schools
199:Dubbing
82:Medical
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1969:Yu Hsi
1953:Latin:
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125:Theory
1860:Other
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1408:Porai
1356:Karma
1350:Inbam
1310:Eegai
1270:Porul
1266:Artha
1207:Parts
635:Notes
549:Kural
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329:(VRS)
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67:Quran
62:Bible
52:Legal
44:Types
1378:Anbu
1370:Love
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1023:2018
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