Lake Titicaca - Knowledge (XXG)

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island is 5.5 by 1.6 km (3.42 by 0.99 mi) in size (maximum measurements), with an area of 5.72 km (2.21 sq mi). The highest point of the island is 4,050 m (13,290 ft) above sea level, and the main village is at 3,950 m (12,960 ft). Pre-Inca ruins are found on the highest part of the island, and agricultural terraces on hillsides. From the hillsides of Taquile, one has a view of the tops of Bolivian mountains. The inhabitants, known as

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Guests typically take food staples (cooking oil, rice, etc., but no sugar products, as they have no dental facilities) as a gift, or school supplies for the children on the island. The islanders hold nightly traditional dance shows for the tourists, where they offer to dress them up in their traditional clothes and allow them to participate.

859:) and the Bolivians call it Lago Huiñaymarca (also Wiñay Marka, which in Aymara means the Eternal City) and the larger part Lago Chucuito. The large lake also is occasionally referred to as Lago Mayor, and the small lake as Lago Menor. In Peru, these smaller and larger parts are referred to as Lago Pequeño and Lago Grande, respectively. 1806:("Island of the Sun") is one of the largest islands of the lake. Geographically, the terrain is harsh; it is a rocky, hilly island. No motor vehicles or paved roads are on the island. The main economic activity of the approximately 800 families on the island is farming, with fishing and tourism augmenting the subsistence economy. 1723:

Some of the families on Amantani open their homes to tourists for overnight stays and provide cooked meals, arranged through tour guides. The families who do so are required to have a special room set aside for the tourists and must conform to a code specified by the tourist companies that help them.

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No cars and no hotels are on the island. Since machines are not allowed on the island, all agriculture is done by hand. A few small stores sell basic goods, and a health clinic and six schools are found. Electricity was produced by a generator and provided limited power a few hours each day, but with

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speakers. About 4,000 people live in 10 communities on the roughly circular 15 km (6 sq mi) island. Two mountain peaks, called Pachatata (Father Earth) and Pachamama (Mother Earth) and ancient ruins are on the top of both peaks. The hillsides that rise up from the lake are terraced and

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Historically, most of the Uros islands were located near the middle of the lake, about 14 km (9 mi) from the shore; however, in 1986, after a major storm devastated the islands, many Uros rebuilt closer to shore. As of 2011, about 1,200 Uros lived on an archipelago of 60 artificial islands,

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of the Lower Tinajani Formation, which are exposed within the Tinajani Basin, demonstrate the presence of a pre-Quaternary, ancestral Lake Titicaca within it between 18 and 14 million years ago (Mya). Little is known about the prehistory of Lake Titicaca between 14 Mya and 370,000 BP because the lake

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With a surface area of 8,372 km (3,232 sq mi) and an elevation of 3,812 m (12,507 ft), Lake Titicaca is often called the highest navigable lake in the world. That claim is generally considered to refer to commercial craft. Numerous smaller lakes around the world are at higher

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is a hilly island located 45 km (28 mi) east of Puno. It is narrow and long and was used as a prison during the Spanish Colony and into the 20th century. In 1970, it became property of the Taquile people, who have inhabited the island since then. The current population is around 2,200. The

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at an elevation 3,815 m (12,516 ft). The age of Lake Mataro is uncertain—it may date back to the Late Pliocene. Lake Cabana possibly dates to the Middle Pleistocene. Lake Ballivián existed between 120,000 and 98,000 BP. Two high lake stands, between 72,000 and 68,000 BP and 44,000–34,000

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of sediments from the bottom of Lake Titicaca at a depth of 235 m (771 ft) and at a location just east of Isla del Sol. This core contains a continuous record of lake sedimentation and paleoenvironmental conditions for Lake Titicaca back to about 370,000 BP. For this period of time, Lake

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Golden in color, many of the islands measure about 15 by 15 m (50 by 50 ft), and the largest are roughly half the size of a football field. Each island contains several thatched houses, typically belonging to members of a single extended family. Some of the islands have watchtowers and

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have slowly lost control over the mass day-tourism operated by non-Taquileans. They have thus developed alternative tourism models, including lodging for groups, cultural activities, and local guides who have completed a 2-year training program. The local Travel Agency, Munay Taquile, has been

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Underwater excavations and surveys in and around Khoa reef, near the Island of Khoa, have recovered thousands of artifacts. These artifacts consist of ceramic feline incense burners, carved juvenile llamas, and well-crafted metal, shell, and stone ornaments. During the fifteenth and sixteenth

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Since 2000, Lake Titicaca has experienced constantly receding water levels. Between April and November 2009 alone, the water level dropped by 81 cm (32 in), reaching the lowest level since 1949. This drop is caused by shortened rainy seasons and the melting of glaciers feeding the

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Over 180 ruins remain on the island. Most of these date to the Inca period around the 15th century AD. Many hills on the island contain terraces, which adapt steep and rocky terrain to agriculture. Among the ruins on the island are the Sacred Rock, a labyrinth-like building called

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with cool to cold temperatures for most of the year. The average annual precipitation is 610 mm (24 in) mostly falling in summer thunderstorms. Winters are dry with very cold nights and mornings and warm afternoons. Below are the average temperatures of the town of

1668:, where they were oppressed by the local population and were unable to secure land of their own. They built the sedge islands, which could be moved into deep water or to different parts of the lake, as necessary, for greater safety from their hostile neighbors on land. 844:

which is the 15th- to the 16th-century name of the sacred rock on the Isla del Sol. Given the lack of a common name for Lake Titicaca in the 16th century, the Spaniards are thought to have used the name of the site of the most important indigenous shrine in the region,

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Five major river systems feed into Lake Titicaca. In order of their relative flow volumes, these are Ramis, Coata, Ilave, Huancané, and Suchez. More than 20 other smaller streams empty into Titicaca. The lake has 41 islands, some of which are densely populated.

1661:(or Uru) people from layers of cut totora, a thick, buoyant sedge that grows abundantly in the shallows of Lake Titicaca. The Uros harvest the sedges that naturally grow on the lake's banks to make the islands by continuously adding sedges to the surface. 901:

The cold sources and winds over the lake give it an average surface temperature of 10 to 14 °C (50 to 57 °F). In the winter (June – September), mixing occurs with the deeper waters, which are always between 10 and 11 °C (50 and 52 °F).

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peoples (around 650–1000 AD) built a major temple on the Island of the Moon. Pottery vessels of local dignitaries dating from this period have been excavated on islands in Lake Titicaca. Two of them were found in the 19th century and are now in the

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The lake has had a number of steamships, each of which was built in the United Kingdom in "knock down" form with bolts and nuts, disassembled into many hundreds of pieces, transported to the lake, and then riveted together and launched.

1680:, Titicaca's major Peruvian port town. The islands have become one of Peru's tourist attractions, allowing the Uros to supplement their hunting and fishing by conveying visitors to the islands by motorboat and selling handicrafts. 3115:

Maldonado, E. E., Hubert, N. N., Sagnes, P. P., & De MÉrona, B. B. (2009). Morphology–diet relationships in four killifishes (Teleostei, Cyprinodontidae, Orestias) from Lake Titicaca. Journal of Fish Biology, 74(3), 502–520.

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Taquileans are also known for having created an innovative, community-controlled tourism model, offering home stays, transportation, and restaurants to tourists. Ever since tourism started coming to Taquile in the 1970s, the

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Cross, S. L., P. A. Baker, G. O. Seltzer, S. C. Fritz and R. B. Dunbar (2001). Late Quaternary Climate and Hydrology of Tropical South America Inferred from an Isotopic and Chemical Model of Lake Titicaca, Bolivia and Peru.

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directed underwater archaeological investigations off of the Island of the Sun, recovering Inca and Tiahuanaco offerings. These artifacts are currently on display in the site museum of the village of Challapampa.

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of new species by humans. A 2011 United Nations report found alarming concentrations of cadmium, arsenic, and lead in various parts of the lake. In 2012, the GNF nominated the lake "Threatened Lake of the Year".

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the rising price of petroleum, they no longer use the generator. Most families use candles or flashlights powered by batteries or hand cranks. Small solar panels have recently been installed on some homes.

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Mourguiart, P., T. Corrége, D. Wirrmann, J. Argollo, M. E. Montenegro, M. Pourchet and P. Carbonel (1998). Holocene Palaeohydrology of Lake Titicaca Estimated from an Ostracod-Based Transfer Function.

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Reinhard, Johan (1992) "Underwater Archaeological Research in Lake Titicaca, Bolivia." In Ancient America: Contributions to New World Archaeology, N. Saunders (ed.), Oxford: Oxbow Books, pp. 117–143.

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Grove, M. J., P. A. Baker, S. L. Cross, C. A. Rigsby and G. O. Seltzer 2003 Application of Strontium Isotopes to Understanding the Hydrology and Paleohydrology of the Altiplano, Bolivia-Peru.

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for crop rotation purposes. The economy is based on fishing, terraced farming based on potato cultivation, and tourist-generated income from the roughly 40,000 tourists who visit each year.

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in A.J. Tankard, R. Suárez Soruco, and H.J. Welsink, eds., pp. 597–613, Petroleum basins of South America: Memoir no. 62. American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Tulsa, Oklahoma.

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lake in the world. Titicaca is the largest lake in South America both in terms of the volume of water and surface area. It has a surface elevation of 3,812 m (12,507 ft).

2866: 3299: 2209:, but in 1987, charitable interests bought her and started restoring her. She is now moored at Puno Bay and provides static tourist accommodation while her restoration continues. 659:, "little lake"), has an average depth of 9 m (30 ft) and a maximum depth of 40 m (131 ft). The overall average depth of the lake is 107 m (351 ft). 2739: 2688: 3198:

Iltis, A., and P. Mourguiart (1992). Higher Plants: Distribution and biomass. pp. 242–253 in: Dejoux, C., eds. (1992). Lake Titicaca: a synthesis of limnological knowledge.

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Taquile is especially known for its handicraft tradition, which is regarded as being of the highest quality. "Taquile and Its Textile Art" were honored by being proclaimed "

3136:(Teleostei: Cyprinodontidae) in the southern Chilean Altiplano: the relevance of ancient and recent divergence processes in speciation. Journal of Fish Biology 82, 927–943. 2620:, edited by C. Dejoux and A. Iltis, pp. 63–88. Monographiae Biologicae. vol. 68, H. J. Dumont and M. J. A. Werger, general editor. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston. 818:

in the 16th century. This name can be loosely translated as lance point. This name survives in modern usage in which the large lake is occasionally referred to as

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Baucom, P. C. and C. A. Rigsby 1999 Climate and Lake Level History of the Northern Altiplano, Bolivia, as Recorded in Holocene Sediments of the Río Desaguadero.

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groups that occupied the Lake Titicaca region, it likely lacked a single, commonly accepted name in prehistoric times and at the time the Spaniards arrived.

3408: 1649: 872:, which at an elevation of 6,480–6,500 metres (21,260–21,330 ft) is the overall highest lake in the world, and the 280 km (110 sq mi) 2153:. By then, a railway served the lake, so the ship was delivered in kit form by rail. At 67 m (220 ft) long and 1,809 tons (1,994 U.S. tons), 3286:

Geochronology and stratigraphy of Late Pleistocene lake cycles on the Southern Bolivian Altiplano: implications for causes of tropical climate change.

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and brought by rail to the lake port of Puno. At 79 m (260 ft) long and 2,200 tons (425 U.S. tons), she was considerably larger than the

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species in Lake Titicaca differ significantly in both habitat preference and feeding behavior. About 90% of the fish species in the basin are

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is situated east from the bigger Isla del Sol. Both islands belong to the La Paz Department of Bolivia. According to legends that refer to

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that only are found in the lake. In addition to the threatened Titicaca grebe, some of the birds associated with water at Titicaca are the

683: 2862: 698:, caused by strong winds and intense sunlight at high altitude, balances the remaining 90% of the water loss. It is nearly a closed lake. 3687: 3009:

Pathogenic fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in marbled water frog Telmatobius marmoratus: first record from Lake Titicaca, Bolivia.

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Talbi, A., A. Coudrain, P. Ribstein and B. Pouyaud (1999). Computation of the Rainfall of Lake Titicaca Catchment During the Holocene.

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Quaternary glaciation and hydrologic variation in the South American tropics as reconstructed from the Lake Titicaca drilling project.

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was the lake's largest ship thus far. In the 1920s, Earle's supplied a new bottom for the ship, which also was delivered in kit form.

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Titicaca was typically fresher and had higher lake levels during periods of expanded regional glaciation that corresponded to global

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sediments dating to this period lie buried beneath the bottom of Lake Titicaca and have not yet been sampled by continuous coring.

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Locally, the lake goes by several names. The southeast quarter of the lake is separate from the main body (connected only by the

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Lauzanne, L. (1992). Fish Fauna. pp. 405–448 in: Dejoux, C., eds. (1992). Lake Titicaca: a synthesis of limnological knowledge.

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at an elevation of 3,860 m (12,660 ft), Lake (North) Minchin at an elevation of 3,825 m (12,549 ft), and

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was 30 m (100 ft) long, but in 1914 her hull was lengthened for extra cargo capacity and she was re-engined as a

1758:" by UNESCO. Knitting is exclusively performed by males, starting at age eight. The women exclusively make yarn and weave. 4097: 4072: 3712: 2271: 3216:

Intermontane Late Paleogene–Neogene Basins of the Andes of Ecuador and Peru: Sedimentologic and Tectonic Characteristics.

2709: 651:), has a mean depth of 135 m (443 ft) and a maximum depth of 284 m (932 ft). The smaller subbasin, 3733: 3132:

Vila, Morales, Scott, Poulin, Veliz, Harrod and Mendez (2013). Phylogenetic and phylogeographic analysis of the genus

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provide evidence for the past existence of five major prehistoric lakes that occupied the Tinajani Basin during the

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Roche, M. A., J. Bourges, J. Cortes and R. Mattos (1992). Climatology and Hydrology of the Lake Titicaca Basin. In

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Birds of the High Andes: A Manual to the Birds of the Temperate Zone of the Andes and Patagonia, South America.

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The endemic gastropod fauna of Lake Titicaca: correlation between molecular evolution and hydrographic history.

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According to legend, the Uru people originated in the Amazon and migrated to the area of Lake Titicaca in the

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Suriki lies in the Bolivian part of lake Titicaca (in the southeastern part also known as lake Wiñaymarka).

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Stanish argues that the logical explanation for the origin of the name Titicaca is a corruption of the term

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sedges grow in water shallower than 3 m (10 ft), less frequently to 5.5 m (18 ft), but

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which means gray, discolored, lead-colored puma. This phrase refers to the sacred carved rock found on the

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commanded the rising of the moon. Ruins of a supposed Inca nunnery (Mamakuna) occupy the oriental shore.

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Extensive carbonate algal bioherms in Upper Pleistocene saline lakes of the central Altiplano of Bolivia

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Fritz, S. C., P. A. Baker, G. O. Seltzer, A. Ballantyne, P. Tapia, H. Cheng, and R. L. Edwards, 2007,

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Management issues in the Lake Titicaca and Lake Poopo system: Importance of developing a water budget

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is no longer in scheduled service, but PeruRail has been leasing her for tourist charter operations.

1638: 1324: 1007: 987:. In addition to the Titicaca orestias, native fish species in the lake's basin are other species of 3563: 1315:. Part of this complex included Khoa reef as a location where offerings were dropped into the lake. 1226:, which accumulated between 27 and 20 million years ago within this basin. They lie upon an angular 2286: 1890: 1799: 1770:

The people in Taquile run their society based on community collectivism and on the Inca moral code

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A taxonomic revision of the Andean Killifish Genus Orestias (Cyprinodontiformes, Cyprinodontidae).

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Drawing of Inca Templo del Sol (as seen in 1887) on the Isla del Sol, where the mummified body of

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on the Isla del Sol, as the name for the lake. In time and with usage, this name developed into

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centuries, Lake Titicaca was a mythical place and the location of a pilgrimage complex for the

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Underwater ritual offerings in the Island of the Sun and the formation of the Tiwanaku state.

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can be translated as either crack or fissure, or alternatively, comb of a bird. According to

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grow, sometimes outpacing solid waste and sewage treatment infrastructure. According to the

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The Tinajani Basin, in which Lake Titicaca lies, is an intermontane basin. This basin is a

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from Lake Titicaca, and redescriptions of four others in the genus (Crustacea: Amphipoda).

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Ancient Titicaca: The Evolution of Complex Society in Southern Peru and Northern Bolivia.

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Evolution of the Lake Titicaca basin and its diatom flora over the last ~370,000 years.

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has likely become extinct (last seen in 1938) due to competition and predation by the

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elevations, such as the 6,000 square metres (65,000 sq ft) crater lake of

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The context and meaning of an intact Inca underwater offering from Lake Titicaca.

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Kroll; Hershler; Albrecht; Terrazas; Apaza; Fuentealba; Wolff; and Wilke (2012).

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Situated on the Bolivian side of the lake with regular boat links to the town of

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on the border of Peru and Bolivia. The western part of the lake lies within the

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construction survives, at least as late as 1998. Craftsmen from Suriqui helped

1273:. Within the northern Altiplano (Tinajani Basin), these prehistoric lakes were 3969: 3855: 3845: 2704: 2228: 2161: 2056: 2052: 1926: 1658: 1628: 1299: 1286: 1153: 877: 744: 679: 575: 406: 2840: 2792:"The Devastating Pollution of Lake Titicaca in Peru: Causes and Consequences" 2445: 2131:. She was 52 m (170 ft) long and was launched on the lake in 1893. 2067:. After several years' delay in delivery from the Pacific coast to the lake, 190: 177: 17: 3892: 2816: 2357:. International Lake Environment Committee Foundation – ILEC. Archived from 2117: 1929: 1900: 1850: 1732: 1254:. During periods of reduced regional glaciation that corresponded to global 1215: 1028: 833: 621: 618: 594: 3741: 3012: 2848: 1865:

in London. The structures seen on the island today were built by the Inca (

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created by strike-slip movement along regional faults starting in the late

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Rigsby, C., P. A. Baker and M. S. Aldenderfer 2003 Fluvial History of the

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Fritz, S.C., P.A. Baker, P. Tapia, T. Spanbauer, and K. Westover (2012)

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The "Floating Islands" are small, human-made islands constructed by the

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The lake holds large populations of water birds and was designated as a

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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 116(17): pp.8233-8238.

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in the construction of several of his projects, such as the reed boats

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Monroy, Mario; Maceda-Veiga, Alberto; de Sostoa, Adolfo (2014-07-15).

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was beached in 1984, but restored as a floating restaurant in 2001.

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Reeds and other aquatic vegetation are widespread in Lake Titicaca.

798:, the Aymara considered in 1948 that the proper name of the lake is 790:) can be translated as white or grey hairs of the head and the term 639:

The lake consists of two nearly separate subbasins connected by the

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Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 317–318:93–103.

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American Anthropological Association Memoir. no. 68, pp. 208–210.

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Valley, Peru, and Its Relationship to Climate and Human History.

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had to be built to build her. She was launched in November 1931.

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have been dated as having occurred between 18,100 and 14,100 BP.

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Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 178: 107–214.

2510:"Who Wants to Be a Judge at the National Academic Championship?" 2102: 1814:, Kasa Pata, and Pilco Kaima. In the religion of the Incas, the 1677: 1312: 1295: 1235: 1222:. The initial development of the Tinajani Basin is indicated by 1169: 1072: 779: 706: 590: 578: 276: 219: 3864: 3379:"The Island People: The seventh hidden wonder of South America" 609:

A view of Lake Titicaca and Chelleca island in the background.

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Rouchy, J. M., M. Servant, M. Fournier, and C. Causse, 1996,

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Oakland, California, University of California Press. 338 pp.

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is also an increasing concern because cities in the Titicaca

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Having only a single season of free circulation, the lake is

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Isla de la Luna (Spanish for "island of the moon") is where

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Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity

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p. 46. Developments in Hydrobiology. Aquatic Biodiversity.

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For the archaeological site in the Cusco Region, Peru, see

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Andean Tragedy: Fighting the War of the Pacific, 1879–1884

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within the Altiplano. Another ancient lake in the area is

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The Lake Titicaca drilling project recovered a 136-m-long

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The Aymara Indians of the Lake Titicaca Plateau, Bolivia.

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of Peru, and the eastern side is located in the Bolivian

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Geological Society of America Bulletin 118(5-6):515–532.

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Suriki is thought to be the last place where the art of

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are largely or entirely restricted to the lake, and the

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Lake Titicaca is home to more than 530 aquatic species.

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Lake Titicaca – The Highest Navigable Lake in the World

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Large freshwater lake on the border of Peru and Bolivia

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Centuries-old Inca offering discovered in sacred lake.

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Quaternary Geology and Geomorphology of South America.

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is another small island on Lake Titicaca populated by

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periods, Lake Titicaca had typically low lake levels.

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is in need of a review. The lake also has an endemic

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species occur in the lake, the smaller, more coastal

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Cameron, Stuart; Robinson, George; Strathdee, Paul.

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Lake Titicaca: A Synthesis of Limnological Knowledge

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Lake Titicaca: A Synthesis of Limnological Knowledge

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were returned to the Peruvian Navy, which converted

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1450–1532) directly over the earlier Tiwanaku ones.

527: 521: 4008: 3962: 3933: 3899: 3312:Delaere, C., Capriles, J.M. and Stanish, C., 2019. 2732:"Pollution threatens South America's Lake Titicaca" 2160:Trade continued to grow, so in 1930, Earle's built 533: 485: 477: 469: 460: 448: 440: 432: 423: 419: 412: 398: 388: 372: 364: 360: 352: 344: 334: 326: 318: 310: 302: 294: 286: 282: 265: 255: 237: 225: 206: 167: 39: 4009:Other paleolakes and lake expansions in the region 3228: 3226: 3224: 2933:Austin, Texas, University of Texas Press. 314 pp. 1676:clustering in the western corner of the lake near 1281:at an elevation of 3,900 m (12,800 ft), 1277:at an elevation of 3,950 m (12,960 ft), 3728: 3726: 3724: 3722: 3284:Placzek, C., J. Quade, and P. J. Patchett, 2006, 2645:Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 2496:Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 2479:Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 2109:. It was the first warship to navigate the lake. 709:in Peru, the largest urban settlement on the lake 690:. This only accounts for about 10% of the lake's 3340:"ClClimatological Information for Juliaca, Peru" 2892: 2890: 2888: 2886: 2884: 2086:In November 1883, during the final phase of the 613:are a common sight along the shores of the lake. 168: 666:A view of Lake Titicaca taken from the town of 617:The lake is located at the northern end of the 3658:(in Spanish) (201). Valparaíso, Chile: 87–90. 3586:La Armada de Chile: una historia de dos siglos 3550: 3548: 3546: 3544: 3542: 3540: 3538: 3214:Marocco, R., R. Baudino, and A. Lavenu, 1995, 3038: 3036: 3007:Cossel, Lindquist, Craig, and Luthman (2014). 3876: 3856:Peru Cultural Society – Lake Titicaca History 3003: 3001: 2355:"Data Summary: Lago Titicaca (Lake Titicaca)" 2308:has a larger surface area, but it is a tidal 2217:survived until 1994, when she was broken up. 1856:Archaeological excavations indicate that the 1672:other buildings, also constructed of sedges. 8: 3495: 3493: 3194: 3192: 3145:Segers, H.; and Martens, K; editors (2005). 1767:established to regain control over tourism. 1105:Titicaca is home to 24 described species of 686:, which then flows south through Bolivia to 2931:Ritual and Pilgrimage in the Ancient Andes. 2473: 2471: 2469: 3883: 3869: 3861: 3694:. Archived from the original on 2009-08-21 3456:Ritual and Pilgrimage in the Ancient Andes 3409:"Rough Waters for Peru's Floating Islands" 2603:Dejoux, C. and A. Iltis (editors) (1992). 1339: 806:. In addition to names including the term 36: 3772: 3770: 3768: 3766: 3764: 3762: 3760: 3758: 3402: 3400: 3398: 2607:. 68. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston. 2599: 2597: 2595: 1889:Ferries and fishing boats in the port of 3681: 3679: 3372: 3370: 3368: 3366: 3364: 3362: 3360: 3178:González, E.R.; and Watling, L. (2003). 3022: 3020: 2090:, the Chilean military command sent the 3342:. Hong Kong Observatory. Archived from 2349: 2325: 2298: 459: 261:58,000 km (22,400 sq mi) 3704: 3454:Bauer, Brian and Charles Stanish 2001 3325:Delaere, C. and Capriles, J.M., 2020. 3073: 3071: 3042:Fjeldså, J.; & Krabbe, N. (1990). 2706:Lake Titicaca evaporating away (video) 2685:Lake Titicaca at dangerously low level 2570:"Highest Lake Elevations in the World" 2347: 2345: 2343: 2341: 2339: 2337: 2335: 2333: 2331: 2329: 766:can be translated in several ways. In 3647:Milesi Sebástian, Sebastiano (2015). 3391:from the original on October 7, 2016. 3030:Ecol Evol. Jul 2012; 2(7): 1517–1530. 2961:from the original on 30 December 2016 2869:from the original on 28 November 2020 2742:from the original on 12 November 2020 2426:from the original on 13 November 2020 2393:from the original on 13 November 2020 1818:was believed to have been born here. 1109:(15 endemics, including several tiny 561: 484: 476: 468: 447: 439: 431: 422: 306:8,372 km (3,232 sq mi) 133: 103: 73: 7: 4093:International lakes of South America 4083:Lakes of La Paz Department (Bolivia) 3740:. The Yavari Project. Archived from 3262:Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, 779 pp. 3147:The Diversity of Aquatic Ecosystems. 2821:The Science of the Total Environment 2550:from the original on 23 January 2021 1881:Chelleca island on the Bolivian side 1336:, in the northern part of the lake. 1261:Lacustrine sediments and associated 3656:Revista Mar, Liga Marítima de Chile 1838:Isla de la Luna and Cordillera Real 3377:Foer, Joshua (February 25, 2011). 3236:Quaternary Research 68(3):410–420. 3167:Endemic Bivalvia in ancient lakes. 2929:Bauer, B., and Stanish, C. (2001) 2863:"Threatened Lake of the Year 2012" 2580:from the original on 4 August 2016 943:An artificial fish enclosure at a 928:) and the larger, more deep-water 25: 3584:Tromben Corbalán, Carlos (2017). 3458:University of Texas press, Austin 3329:Antiquity, 94(376), pp.1030-1041. 2730:Shahriari, Sara (30 March 2012). 2520:from the original on 6 April 2017 1751:, are southern Quechua speakers. 1115:spp.) and less than half a dozen 593:. It is often called the highest 330:896 km (215 cu mi) 4027: 3186:Hydrobiologia 497(1-3): 181–204. 3122:10.1111/j.1095-8649.2008.02140.x 3077:Hales, J., and P. Petry (2013). 2231: 2097:to the lake, via railroad, from 1772:ama sua, ama llulla, ama qhilla, 814:Lake Titicaca was also known as 517: 156: 132: 125: 102: 95: 72: 65: 45: 3819:from the original on 2011-09-29 3789:from the original on 2011-07-24 3777:Grace, Michael L (2009-11-16). 3734:"The Lake Steamers – Post 1900" 3665:from the original on 2021-06-24 3629:from the original on 2020-04-01 3566:from the original on 2011-07-16 3479:from the original on 2015-09-24 3407:Istvan, Zoltan (July 3, 2003). 2951:"The Highest Lake in the World" 2833:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.03.134 2773:from the original on 2020-11-27 2658:Journal of Sedimentary Research 1610:Source: Hong Kong Observatory, 1323:Lake Titicaca has a borderline 351: 343: 333: 325: 317: 309: 301: 293: 285: 3846:Bolivian Navy and Naval Ensign 3275:: Sedimentology 43(6):973–993. 3169:Hydrobiologia 568(S): 213–217. 3011:Dis Aquat Organ. 112(1):83-7. 2981:"Ago Titicaca (Lake Titicaca)" 2514:National Academic Championship 947:site near Copacabana, Bolivia. 1: 3738:Yavari – Lake Titicaca – Peru 3560:Yavari - Lake Titicaca - Peru 3438:Bolivia, Lonely Planet 2007, 2736:The Christian Science Monitor 2272:Titicaca National Reservation 1692:Amantani island as seen from 782:, or a heavy metal. The word 356:3,812 m (12,507 ft) 2508:Questions Unlimited (2003). 1290:BP, have been discerned for 1230:which cuts across pre-basin 955:on August 26, 1998. Several 774:can be translated as either 380: 3413:National Geographic Channel 1466:Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 1396:Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 585:mountains on the border of 348:1,125 km (699 mi) 4119: 3609:Sater, William F. (2007). 3061:Parenti, Lynne R. (1984). 2114:William Denny and Brothers 2092:Chilean torpedo boat 1626: 1609: 1342: 1298:. The high lake levels of 1203: 1019:, including 23 species of 504:not a well-defined measure 29: 4024: 3813:International Steam Pages 3711:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 3258:Clapperton, C. M., 1993, 2451:Dictionary.com Unabridged 2420:Sites Information Service 2387:Sites Information Service 2071:was launched in 1870 and 1917:, and a balloon gondola. 1535: 1465: 1395: 1390: 1387: 1384: 1381: 1378: 1375: 1372: 1369: 1366: 1363: 1360: 1357: 1354: 1351: 1057:black-crowned night-heron 714:tributaries of the lake. 501: 497: 493: 456: 290:190 km (118 mi) 155: 146:Show map of South America 59: 44: 1641:on Lake Titicaca in the 1145:species is nonendemic). 1141:(an additional Titicaca 1081:many-colored rush-tyrant 563:[ˈlaɣotitiˈkaka] 322:281 m (922 ft) 314:107 m (351 ft) 4068:Ramsar sites in Bolivia 3531:Southern Peru Railroads 3503:South American Handbook 1218:and ending in the late 1085:yellow-winged blackbird 984:Odontesthes bonariensis 298:80 km (50 mi) 3900:Present-day lakes and 3562:. The Yavari Project. 3297:Williams, A.R., 2020. 3165:Slugina, Z.V. (2006). 2865:. GNF. 22 March 2012. 2671:Géosciences de Surface 2051:under contract to the 2034:built the iron-hulled 2019: 1967:line at Puno with the 1893: 1882: 1839: 1795: 1740: 1697: 1654: 1646: 1306:Underwater archaeology 1102: 948: 933: 837: 748: 710: 671: 614: 571: 558: 51:View of the lake from 3013:doi: 10.3354/dao02778 2763:"GNF – Lake Titicaca" 2720:(accessed 2009-11-28) 2205:. The Navy discarded 2013: 1888: 1880: 1837: 1789: 1735: 1691: 1652: 1636: 1627:Further information: 1204:Further information: 1093: 996:Trichomycterus dispar 942: 913: 827: 742: 704: 665: 608: 191:15.82500°S 69.32500°W 4098:Lakes of Puno Region 4073:Ramsar sites in Peru 3809:"Steam in Peru 2001" 3692:Clyde-built Database 3303:National Geographic. 2916:La Barre, W. (1948) 2896:Standish, C. (2005) 2767:www.globalnature.org 2540:"The World Factbook" 2136:Earle's Shipbuilding 1325:subtropical highland 1008:Astroblepus stuebeli 196:-15.82500; -69.32500 162:Map of Lake Titicaca 4088:Bolivia–Peru border 3934:Lake expansions of 3508:Footprint Handbooks 3180:Two new species of 2632:Quaternary Research 2574:About.com Education 2287:Yampupata Peninsula 1800:Copacabana, Bolivia 963:and the flightless 961:Titicaca water frog 930:Titicaca water frog 403:Copacabana, Bolivia 389:Sections/sub-basins 336:Residence time 187: / 86:Show map of Bolivia 3556:"The Yavari Story" 3419:on August 6, 2016. 3085:2015-09-24 at the 2712:2022-01-28 at the 2691:2015-02-05 at the 2277:Tourism in Bolivia 2140:Kingston upon Hull 2124:in Scotland built 2088:War of the Pacific 2020: 1969:Bolivian railways' 1894: 1883: 1840: 1796: 1741: 1698: 1655: 1647: 1287:Lake (North) Tauca 1103: 1077:wren-like rushbird 1049:greater yellowlegs 1045:white-backed stilt 1025:white-tufted grebe 993:, and the catfish 957:threatened species 949: 934: 922:marbled water frog 838: 751:Given the various 749: 724:Global Nature Fund 711: 696:Evapotranspiration 672: 624:basin high in the 615: 486:Reference no. 449:Reference no. 4040: 4039: 4016:Cancosa paleolake 3783:Cruising the Past 3622:978-0-8032-4334-7 3595:978-956-01-0431-1 3517:978-0-8442-4886-8 3500:Box, Ben (1998). 2796:www.ecohubmap.com 2252:Extremes on Earth 2175:, so first a new 1666:pre-Columbian era 1614: 1613: 1343:Climate data for 1135:consisting of 11 1107:freshwater snails 969:Titicaca orestias 959:such as the huge 857:Strait of Tiquina 747:satellite in 2020 641:Strait of Tiquina 634:La Paz Department 510: 509: 481:11 September 1998 353:Surface elevation 246:Desaguadero River 16:(Redirected from 4110: 4034:Lakes portal 4032: 4031: 4030: 3925:Salar de Coipasa 3885: 3878: 3871: 3862: 3828: 3827: 3825: 3824: 3807:Dickinson, Rob. 3804: 3798: 3797: 3795: 3794: 3779:"The SS Ollanta" 3774: 3753: 3752: 3750: 3749: 3730: 3717: 3716: 3710: 3702: 3700: 3699: 3683: 3674: 3673: 3671: 3670: 3664: 3653: 3644: 3638: 3637: 3635: 3634: 3606: 3600: 3599: 3581: 3575: 3574: 3572: 3571: 3552: 3533: 3528: 3522: 3521: 3497: 3488: 3487: 3485: 3484: 3465: 3459: 3452: 3446: 3436: 3430: 3427: 3421: 3420: 3415:. Archived from 3404: 3393: 3392: 3374: 3355: 3354: 3352: 3351: 3336: 3330: 3323: 3317: 3310: 3304: 3295: 3289: 3282: 3276: 3269: 3263: 3256: 3250: 3243: 3237: 3230: 3219: 3212: 3206: 3196: 3187: 3176: 3170: 3163: 3157: 3143: 3137: 3130: 3124: 3113: 3107: 3097: 3091: 3075: 3066: 3059: 3053: 3040: 3031: 3024: 3015: 3005: 2996: 2995: 2993: 2992: 2983:. Archived from 2977: 2971: 2970: 2968: 2966: 2947: 2941: 2927: 2921: 2914: 2908: 2894: 2879: 2878: 2876: 2874: 2859: 2853: 2852: 2812: 2806: 2805: 2803: 2802: 2788: 2782: 2781: 2779: 2778: 2758: 2752: 2751: 2749: 2747: 2727: 2721: 2702: 2696: 2680: 2674: 2667: 2661: 2654: 2648: 2641: 2635: 2627: 2621: 2614: 2608: 2601: 2590: 2589: 2587: 2585: 2566: 2560: 2559: 2557: 2555: 2536: 2530: 2529: 2527: 2525: 2505: 2499: 2488: 2482: 2475: 2464: 2463: 2461: 2459: 2442: 2436: 2435: 2433: 2431: 2409: 2403: 2402: 2400: 2398: 2376: 2370: 2369: 2367: 2366: 2351: 2313: 2303: 2267:Taraco Peninsula 2241: 2236: 2235: 2234: 2198:and renamed her 2107:control the area 2028:Thames Ironworks 1997: 1991: 1989: 1988: 1984: 1981: 1973: 1966: 1960: 1958: 1957: 1953: 1950: 1942: 1821:During 1987–92, 1340: 1212:pull-apart basin 1065:common gallinule 1033:Chilean flamingo 836:on Lake Titicaca 565: 552: 551: 548: 547: 544: 541: 538: 535: 532: 529: 526: 523: 502:Shore length is 241: 240:Primary outflows 229: 202: 201: 199: 198: 197: 192: 188: 185: 184: 183: 180: 170: 160: 147: 136: 135: 129: 117: 116:Show map of Peru 106: 105: 99: 87: 76: 75: 69: 49: 37: 32:Titiqaqa (Cusco) 21: 4118: 4117: 4113: 4112: 4111: 4109: 4108: 4107: 4043: 4042: 4041: 4036: 4028: 4026: 4020: 4004: 3958: 3929: 3895: 3889: 3837: 3832: 3831: 3822: 3820: 3806: 3805: 3801: 3792: 3790: 3776: 3775: 3756: 3747: 3745: 3732: 3731: 3720: 3703: 3697: 3695: 3685: 3684: 3677: 3668: 3666: 3662: 3651: 3646: 3645: 3641: 3632: 3630: 3623: 3608: 3607: 3603: 3596: 3583: 3582: 3578: 3569: 3567: 3554: 3553: 3536: 3529: 3525: 3518: 3510:. p. 292. 3499: 3498: 3491: 3482: 3480: 3467: 3466: 3462: 3453: 3449: 3437: 3433: 3428: 3424: 3406: 3405: 3396: 3376: 3375: 3358: 3349: 3347: 3338: 3337: 3333: 3324: 3320: 3311: 3307: 3296: 3292: 3283: 3279: 3270: 3266: 3257: 3253: 3244: 3240: 3231: 3222: 3213: 3209: 3197: 3190: 3177: 3173: 3164: 3160: 3144: 3140: 3131: 3127: 3114: 3110: 3098: 3094: 3087:Wayback Machine 3076: 3069: 3060: 3056: 3041: 3034: 3025: 3018: 3006: 2999: 2990: 2988: 2979: 2978: 2974: 2964: 2962: 2955:highestlake.com 2949: 2948: 2944: 2928: 2924: 2915: 2911: 2895: 2882: 2872: 2870: 2861: 2860: 2856: 2814: 2813: 2809: 2800: 2798: 2790: 2789: 2785: 2776: 2774: 2760: 2759: 2755: 2745: 2743: 2729: 2728: 2724: 2714:Wayback Machine 2703: 2699: 2693:Wayback Machine 2682:Carlos Valdez: 2681: 2677: 2668: 2664: 2655: 2651: 2642: 2638: 2628: 2624: 2615: 2611: 2602: 2593: 2583: 2581: 2568: 2567: 2563: 2553: 2551: 2538: 2537: 2533: 2523: 2521: 2507: 2506: 2502: 2489: 2485: 2476: 2467: 2457: 2455: 2444: 2443: 2439: 2429: 2427: 2413:"Lago Titicaca" 2411: 2410: 2406: 2396: 2394: 2380:"Lago Titicaca" 2378: 2377: 2373: 2364: 2362: 2353: 2352: 2327: 2322: 2317: 2316: 2304: 2300: 2295: 2282:Tourism in Peru 2247:Chiripa culture 2237: 2232: 2230: 2227: 2008: 1993: 1986: 1982: 1979: 1977: 1976:3 ft 1975: 1971: 1962: 1955: 1951: 1948: 1946: 1945:4 ft 1944: 1940: 1923: 1875: 1843:Isla de la Luna 1832: 1830:Isla de la Luna 1784: 1730: 1686: 1631: 1625: 1620: 1615: 1604: 1599: 1594: 1589: 1584: 1579: 1574: 1569: 1564: 1559: 1554: 1549: 1544: 1530: 1525: 1520: 1515: 1510: 1505: 1500: 1495: 1490: 1485: 1480: 1475: 1470: 1460: 1455: 1450: 1445: 1440: 1435: 1430: 1425: 1420: 1415: 1410: 1405: 1400: 1321: 1308: 1252:glacial periods 1208: 1206:Altiplano Basin 1202: 1119:(all in family 908: 899: 874:Lake Puma Yumco 870:Ojos del Salado 865: 796:Weston La Barre 737: 716:Water pollution 684:Río Desaguadero 603: 520: 516: 465: 444:20 January 1997 428: 405: 269: countries 248: 228:Primary inflows 195: 193: 189: 186: 181: 178: 176: 174: 173: 163: 151: 150: 149: 148: 145: 144: 143: 142: 141: 137: 120: 119: 118: 115: 114: 113: 112: 111: 107: 90: 89: 88: 85: 84: 83: 82: 81: 77: 55: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4116: 4114: 4106: 4105: 4100: 4095: 4090: 4085: 4080: 4075: 4070: 4065: 4063:Mountain lakes 4060: 4055: 4045: 4044: 4038: 4037: 4025: 4022: 4021: 4019: 4018: 4012: 4010: 4006: 4005: 4003: 4002: 3997: 3992: 3987: 3982: 3977: 3972: 3966: 3964: 3960: 3959: 3957: 3956: 3951: 3946: 3944:Lake Ballivián 3940: 3938: 3931: 3930: 3928: 3927: 3922: 3920:Salar de Uyuni 3917: 3912: 3906: 3904: 3897: 3896: 3890: 3888: 3887: 3880: 3873: 3865: 3859: 3858: 3853: 3848: 3843: 3836: 3835:External links 3833: 3830: 3829: 3799: 3754: 3718: 3675: 3639: 3621: 3601: 3594: 3576: 3534: 3523: 3516: 3489: 3473:British Museum 3460: 3447: 3431: 3422: 3394: 3356: 3331: 3318: 3305: 3290: 3277: 3264: 3251: 3238: 3220: 3207: 3188: 3171: 3158: 3138: 3125: 3108: 3092: 3067: 3054: 3051:978-8788757163 3032: 3016: 2997: 2972: 2942: 2939:978-0292708907 2922: 2909: 2906:978-0520232457 2880: 2854: 2807: 2783: 2753: 2722: 2697: 2675: 2662: 2660:69(3):597–611. 2649: 2636: 2622: 2609: 2591: 2561: 2531: 2500: 2483: 2465: 2437: 2404: 2371: 2324: 2323: 2321: 2318: 2315: 2314: 2306:Lake Maracaibo 2297: 2296: 2294: 2291: 2290: 2289: 2284: 2279: 2274: 2269: 2264: 2259: 2254: 2249: 2243: 2242: 2226: 2223: 2007: 2004: 1964:standard gauge 1922: 1919: 1905:Thor Heyerdahl 1874: 1871: 1863:British Museum 1847:Inca mythology 1831: 1828: 1823:Johan Reinhard 1783: 1780: 1729: 1726: 1685: 1682: 1624: 1621: 1619: 1616: 1612: 1611: 1607: 1606: 1601: 1596: 1591: 1586: 1581: 1576: 1571: 1566: 1561: 1556: 1551: 1546: 1541: 1533: 1532: 1527: 1522: 1517: 1512: 1507: 1502: 1497: 1492: 1487: 1482: 1477: 1472: 1467: 1463: 1462: 1457: 1452: 1447: 1442: 1437: 1432: 1427: 1422: 1417: 1412: 1407: 1402: 1397: 1393: 1392: 1389: 1386: 1383: 1380: 1377: 1374: 1371: 1368: 1365: 1362: 1359: 1356: 1353: 1349: 1348: 1338: 1329:alpine climate 1320: 1317: 1307: 1304: 1283:Lake Ballivián 1224:volcanic rocks 1201: 1198: 1069:plumbeous rail 1041:Andean lapwing 965:Titicaca grebe 924:(pictured, at 907: 904: 898: 895: 889:, operated by 864: 861: 832:man next to a 820:Lago Chucuito. 736: 733: 602: 599: 572:Titiqaqa Qucha 508: 507: 499: 498: 495: 494: 491: 490: 487: 483: 482: 479: 475: 474: 471: 467: 466: 463:Ramsar Wetland 461: 458: 457: 454: 453: 450: 446: 445: 442: 438: 437: 434: 430: 429: 426:Ramsar Wetland 424: 421: 420: 417: 416: 414: 410: 409: 400: 396: 395: 390: 386: 385: 376: 370: 369: 366: 362: 361: 358: 357: 354: 350: 349: 346: 342: 341: 338: 332: 331: 328: 324: 323: 320: 316: 315: 312: 308: 307: 304: 300: 299: 296: 292: 291: 288: 284: 283: 280: 279: 270: 263: 262: 259: 257:Catchment area 253: 252: 243: 235: 234: 231: 223: 222: 210: 204: 203: 171: 165: 164: 161: 153: 152: 139: 138: 131: 130: 124: 123: 122: 121: 109: 108: 101: 100: 94: 93: 92: 91: 79: 78: 71: 70: 64: 63: 62: 61: 60: 57: 56: 50: 42: 41: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4115: 4104: 4101: 4099: 4096: 4094: 4091: 4089: 4086: 4084: 4081: 4079: 4078:Lakes of Peru 4076: 4074: 4071: 4069: 4066: 4064: 4061: 4059: 4058:Ancient lakes 4056: 4054: 4053:Lake Titicaca 4051: 4050: 4048: 4035: 4023: 4017: 4014: 4013: 4011: 4007: 4001: 3998: 3996: 3993: 3991: 3988: 3986: 3983: 3981: 3978: 3976: 3973: 3971: 3968: 3967: 3965: 3963:Ancient lakes 3961: 3955: 3952: 3950: 3947: 3945: 3942: 3941: 3939: 3937: 3936:Lake Titicaca 3932: 3926: 3923: 3921: 3918: 3916: 3913: 3911: 3910:Lake Titicaca 3908: 3907: 3905: 3903: 3898: 3894: 3891:Lakes on the 3886: 3881: 3879: 3874: 3872: 3867: 3866: 3863: 3857: 3854: 3852: 3849: 3847: 3844: 3842: 3839: 3838: 3834: 3818: 3814: 3810: 3803: 3800: 3788: 3784: 3780: 3773: 3771: 3769: 3767: 3765: 3763: 3761: 3759: 3755: 3744:on 2011-09-28 3743: 3739: 3735: 3729: 3727: 3725: 3723: 3719: 3714: 3708: 3693: 3689: 3682: 3680: 3676: 3661: 3657: 3650: 3643: 3640: 3628: 3624: 3618: 3614: 3613: 3605: 3602: 3597: 3591: 3587: 3580: 3577: 3565: 3561: 3557: 3551: 3549: 3547: 3545: 3543: 3541: 3539: 3535: 3532: 3527: 3524: 3519: 3513: 3509: 3505: 3504: 3496: 3494: 3490: 3478: 3474: 3470: 3464: 3461: 3457: 3451: 3448: 3445: 3444:1-74104-557-6 3441: 3435: 3432: 3426: 3423: 3418: 3414: 3410: 3403: 3401: 3399: 3395: 3390: 3386: 3385: 3380: 3373: 3371: 3369: 3367: 3365: 3363: 3361: 3357: 3346:on 2016-03-04 3345: 3341: 3335: 3332: 3328: 3322: 3319: 3315: 3309: 3306: 3302: 3301: 3294: 3291: 3287: 3281: 3278: 3274: 3268: 3265: 3261: 3255: 3252: 3248: 3242: 3239: 3235: 3229: 3227: 3225: 3221: 3217: 3211: 3208: 3205: 3204:0-7923-1663-0 3201: 3195: 3193: 3189: 3185: 3181: 3175: 3172: 3168: 3162: 3159: 3156: 3155:1-4020-3745-7 3152: 3148: 3142: 3139: 3135: 3129: 3126: 3123: 3119: 3112: 3109: 3106: 3105:0-7923-1663-0 3102: 3096: 3093: 3089: 3088: 3084: 3081: 3074: 3072: 3068: 3064: 3058: 3055: 3052: 3048: 3045: 3039: 3037: 3033: 3029: 3023: 3021: 3017: 3014: 3010: 3004: 3002: 2998: 2987:on 2010-06-12 2986: 2982: 2976: 2973: 2960: 2956: 2952: 2946: 2943: 2940: 2936: 2932: 2926: 2923: 2919: 2913: 2910: 2907: 2903: 2899: 2893: 2891: 2889: 2887: 2885: 2881: 2868: 2864: 2858: 2855: 2850: 2846: 2842: 2838: 2834: 2830: 2826: 2822: 2818: 2811: 2808: 2797: 2793: 2787: 2784: 2772: 2768: 2764: 2761:Weis, Almut. 2757: 2754: 2741: 2737: 2733: 2726: 2723: 2719: 2715: 2711: 2708: 2707: 2701: 2698: 2694: 2690: 2687: 2686: 2679: 2676: 2672: 2666: 2663: 2659: 2653: 2650: 2646: 2640: 2637: 2633: 2626: 2623: 2619: 2613: 2610: 2606: 2600: 2598: 2596: 2592: 2579: 2575: 2571: 2565: 2562: 2549: 2545: 2541: 2535: 2532: 2519: 2515: 2511: 2504: 2501: 2497: 2493: 2487: 2484: 2480: 2474: 2472: 2470: 2466: 2454:(Online). n.d 2453: 2452: 2447: 2441: 2438: 2425: 2421: 2419: 2414: 2408: 2405: 2392: 2388: 2386: 2381: 2375: 2372: 2361:on 2011-07-23 2360: 2356: 2350: 2348: 2346: 2344: 2342: 2340: 2338: 2336: 2334: 2332: 2330: 2326: 2319: 2312:, not a lake. 2311: 2307: 2302: 2299: 2292: 2288: 2285: 2283: 2280: 2278: 2275: 2273: 2270: 2268: 2265: 2263: 2262:Sacred waters 2260: 2258: 2255: 2253: 2250: 2248: 2245: 2244: 2240: 2229: 2224: 2222: 2220: 2216: 2212: 2208: 2204: 2203: 2197: 2196:hospital ship 2193: 2189: 2185: 2180: 2178: 2174: 2170: 2166: 2165: 2158: 2156: 2152: 2151: 2145: 2141: 2137: 2132: 2130: 2129: 2123: 2119: 2115: 2110: 2108: 2104: 2100: 2096: 2095: 2089: 2084: 2082: 2078: 2074: 2070: 2066: 2065:Peruvian Navy 2062: 2058: 2054: 2050: 2049: 2043: 2042: 2037: 2033: 2029: 2024: 2018:in Puno, 2002 2017: 2012: 2005: 2003: 2001: 1996: 1972:1,000 mm 1970: 1965: 1941:1,435 mm 1938: 1934: 1931: 1928: 1920: 1918: 1916: 1912: 1911: 1906: 1902: 1897: 1892: 1887: 1879: 1872: 1870: 1868: 1864: 1859: 1854: 1852: 1848: 1844: 1836: 1829: 1827: 1824: 1819: 1817: 1813: 1807: 1805: 1801: 1794:came to rest. 1793: 1788: 1781: 1779: 1777: 1773: 1768: 1765: 1759: 1757: 1752: 1750: 1745: 1738: 1734: 1727: 1725: 1721: 1717: 1715: 1711: 1708:planted with 1706: 1702: 1695: 1690: 1683: 1681: 1679: 1673: 1669: 1667: 1662: 1660: 1651: 1644: 1640: 1635: 1630: 1622: 1617: 1608: 1602: 1597: 1592: 1587: 1582: 1577: 1572: 1567: 1562: 1557: 1552: 1547: 1542: 1539: 1538:precipitation 1534: 1528: 1523: 1518: 1513: 1508: 1503: 1498: 1493: 1488: 1483: 1478: 1473: 1468: 1464: 1458: 1453: 1448: 1443: 1438: 1433: 1428: 1423: 1418: 1413: 1408: 1403: 1398: 1394: 1350: 1346: 1345:Juliaca, Peru 1341: 1337: 1335: 1330: 1326: 1318: 1316: 1314: 1305: 1303: 1301: 1297: 1293: 1288: 1284: 1280: 1276: 1272: 1268: 1264: 1259: 1257: 1253: 1248: 1243: 1240: 1237: 1233: 1229: 1225: 1221: 1217: 1213: 1207: 1199: 1197: 1195: 1194: 1189: 1188: 1183: 1182: 1177: 1176: 1171: 1167: 1166: 1161: 1160: 1155: 1151: 1146: 1144: 1140: 1139: 1134: 1130: 1129:species flock 1126: 1122: 1118: 1114: 1113: 1108: 1100: 1096: 1092: 1088: 1086: 1082: 1078: 1074: 1070: 1066: 1062: 1058: 1054: 1050: 1046: 1042: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1010: 1009: 1004: 1003: 998: 997: 992: 991: 986: 985: 981: 977: 976:rainbow trout 974: 970: 966: 962: 958: 954: 946: 941: 937: 931: 927: 923: 919: 918: 912: 905: 903: 896: 894: 892: 888: 887: 882: 881: 875: 871: 862: 860: 858: 853: 852: 848: 843: 842:thakhsi cala, 835: 831: 826: 822: 821: 817: 813: 809: 805: 801: 797: 793: 789: 785: 781: 777: 773: 769: 765: 761: 756: 754: 746: 741: 734: 732: 729: 725: 721: 717: 708: 703: 699: 697: 693: 692:water balance 689: 685: 681: 676: 669: 664: 660: 658: 655:(also called 654: 650: 649:Lago Chucuito 647:(also called 646: 642: 637: 635: 631: 627: 623: 620: 612: 607: 600: 598: 596: 592: 588: 584: 580: 577: 574:) is a large 573: 569: 564: 560: 559:Lago Titicaca 556: 550: 514: 513:Lake Titicaca 505: 500: 496: 492: 488: 480: 473:Lago Titicaca 472: 470:Official name 464: 455: 451: 443: 436:Lago Titicaca 435: 433:Official name 427: 418: 415: 411: 408: 404: 401: 397: 394: 391: 387: 383: 382: 377: 375: 371: 367: 363: 359: 355: 347: 339: 337: 329: 321: 313: 311:Average depth 305: 297: 289: 281: 278: 274: 271: 268: 264: 260: 258: 254: 251: 247: 244: 242: 236: 232: 230: 224: 221: 218: 214: 211: 209: 205: 200: 172: 166: 159: 154: 140:Lake Titicaca 128: 110:Lake Titicaca 98: 80:Lake Titicaca 68: 58: 54: 48: 43: 40:Lake Titicaca 38: 33: 19: 18:Titicaca Lake 3980:Lake Minchin 3935: 3909: 3821:. Retrieved 3812: 3802: 3791:. Retrieved 3782: 3746:. Retrieved 3742:the original 3737: 3696:. Retrieved 3691: 3667:. Retrieved 3655: 3642: 3631:. Retrieved 3611: 3604: 3585: 3579: 3568:. Retrieved 3559: 3526: 3502: 3481:. Retrieved 3472: 3463: 3455: 3450: 3434: 3425: 3417:the original 3412: 3382: 3348:. Retrieved 3344:the original 3334: 3326: 3321: 3313: 3308: 3298: 3293: 3285: 3280: 3272: 3267: 3259: 3254: 3246: 3241: 3233: 3215: 3210: 3183: 3179: 3174: 3166: 3161: 3146: 3141: 3133: 3128: 3111: 3095: 3078: 3062: 3057: 3043: 3027: 3008: 2989:. Retrieved 2985:the original 2975: 2963:. Retrieved 2954: 2945: 2930: 2925: 2917: 2912: 2897: 2871:. Retrieved 2857: 2824: 2820: 2810: 2799:. Retrieved 2795: 2786: 2775:. Retrieved 2766: 2756: 2744:. Retrieved 2735: 2725: 2716:– report by 2705: 2700: 2684: 2678: 2673:329:197–203. 2670: 2665: 2657: 2652: 2644: 2639: 2631: 2625: 2617: 2612: 2604: 2582:. Retrieved 2573: 2564: 2552:. Retrieved 2543: 2534: 2522:. Retrieved 2513: 2503: 2495: 2486: 2481:194:281-297. 2478: 2456:. Retrieved 2449: 2440: 2428:. Retrieved 2416: 2407: 2395:. Retrieved 2383: 2374: 2363:. Retrieved 2359:the original 2301: 2239:Lakes portal 2218: 2214: 2210: 2206: 2201: 2191: 2187: 2183: 2181: 2172: 2163: 2159: 2154: 2149: 2133: 2127: 2111: 2093: 2085: 2081:motor vessel 2076: 2072: 2068: 2047: 2040: 2036:sister ships 2032:River Thames 2025: 2021: 2015: 1932: 1924: 1914: 1908: 1898: 1895: 1866: 1855: 1841: 1820: 1808: 1804:Isla del Sol 1797: 1782:Isla del Sol 1775: 1771: 1769: 1763: 1760: 1753: 1748: 1742: 1722: 1718: 1699: 1674: 1670: 1663: 1656: 1643:Isla del Sol 1540:mm (inches) 1347:(1961–1990) 1322: 1309: 1292:Lake Minchin 1260: 1256:interglacial 1244: 1228:unconformity 1209: 1196:are common. 1193:Myriophyllum 1191: 1185: 1179: 1173: 1163: 1157: 1147: 1142: 1136: 1110: 1104: 1020: 1012: 1006: 1002:T. rivulatus 1000: 994: 988: 982: 950: 945:fish farming 935: 926:Isla del Sol 915: 900: 884: 879: 866: 863:Highest Lake 854: 850: 847:thakhsi cala 846: 841: 839: 819: 815: 811: 807: 804:Isla del Sol 799: 791: 787: 783: 771: 763: 759: 757: 750: 728:introduction 712: 705:The city of 677: 673: 657:Lago Pequeño 656: 648: 644: 638: 616: 512: 511: 379: 345:Shore length 327:Water volume 303:Surface area 213:Ancient lake 53:Isla del Sol 4000:Lake Escara 2827:: 233–244. 2498:194:165-185 2257:Ilave River 2122:River Clyde 2055:Foundry of 1995:meter gauge 1933:Manco Capac 1792:Manco Cápac 1279:Lake Cabana 1275:Lake Mataro 1271:Pleistocene 1165:Potamogeton 1154:macrophytes 1121:Sphaeriidae 1095:Andean coot 1061:Andean coot 1053:snowy egret 1037:Andean gull 953:Ramsar Site 917:Telmatobius 897:Temperature 886:Manco Capac 800:titiq’aq’a, 645:Lago Grande 630:Puno Region 399:Settlements 340:1,343 years 287:Max. length 250:Evaporation 194: / 169:Coordinates 4047:Categories 3990:Inca Huasi 3970:Lake Tauca 3915:Lake Poopó 3823:2011-05-20 3793:2011-05-20 3748:2011-05-21 3698:2011-05-20 3669:2021-06-24 3633:2017-02-09 3570:2011-05-20 3483:2017-06-15 3350:2011-05-19 2991:2010-03-10 2801:2023-12-18 2777:2015-05-19 2718:al Jazeera 2647:143:51–72. 2634:56(1):1–9. 2524:6 December 2458:10 January 2446:"Titicaca" 2365:2009-01-03 2320:References 2057:Birmingham 2053:James Watt 1927:dual gauge 1891:Copacabana 1764:Taquileños 1749:Taquileños 1629:Uru people 1300:Lake Tauca 1247:drill core 1236:Lacustrine 1156:, notably 1071:, various 980:silverside 973:introduced 816:Chuquivitu 758:The terms 753:Indigenous 745:Sentinel-2 743:View from 688:Lake Poopó 680:monomictic 668:Copacabana 653:Wiñaymarka 576:freshwater 478:Designated 441:Designated 413:References 407:Puno, Peru 393:Wiñaymarka 319:Max. depth 295:Max. width 182:69°19′30″W 179:15°49′30″S 4103:Altiplano 3902:salt pans 3893:Altiplano 3688:"SS Coya" 2841:1879-1026 2492:Rio Ilave 2182:In 1975, 2134:In 1905, 2118:Dumbarton 2112:In 1892, 2094:Colo Colo 2075:in 1873. 1930:car float 1921:Transport 1901:reed boat 1851:Viracocha 1645:(Bolivia) 1239:sediments 1216:Oligocene 1133:amphipods 1029:Puna ibis 851:Titicaca. 834:reed boat 720:watershed 670:, Bolivia 622:Altiplano 619:endorheic 595:navigable 378:42+ (see 233:27 rivers 3817:Archived 3787:Archived 3707:cite web 3660:Archived 3627:Archived 3564:Archived 3477:Archived 3389:Archived 3182:Hyalella 3134:Orestias 3083:Archived 3080:Titicaca 2965:27 April 2959:Archived 2867:Archived 2849:24784748 2771:Archived 2740:Archived 2710:Archived 2689:Archived 2584:27 April 2578:Archived 2554:27 April 2548:Archived 2518:Archived 2430:25 April 2424:Archived 2397:25 April 2391:Archived 2225:See also 2169:Mollendo 2162:SS 2148:SS 2126:SS 2099:Mollendo 2063:for the 2061:gunboats 2026:In 1862 1998:line at 1990: in 1959: in 1937:PeruRail 1858:Tiwanaku 1812:Chinkana 1714:potatoes 1701:Amantani 1684:Amantani 1637:Raft of 1605:(23.99) 1536:Average 1267:Pliocene 1263:terraces 1143:Hyalella 1138:Hyalella 1125:taxonomy 1117:bivalves 1112:Heleobia 1021:Orestias 1013:Orestias 990:Orestias 978:and the 891:PeruRail 601:Overview 217:Mountain 3985:Salinas 2873:2 March 2544:cia.gov 2219:Ollanta 2194:into a 2177:slipway 2164:Ollanta 2142:on the 2120:on the 2030:on the 2006:History 1985:⁄ 1954:⁄ 1816:sun god 1744:Taquile 1737:Taquile 1728:Taquile 1705:Quechua 1694:Taquile 1618:Islands 1600:(3.38) 1595:(2.18) 1590:(1.62) 1585:(0.87) 1580:(0.23) 1575:(0.09) 1570:(0.12) 1565:(0.39) 1560:(1.70) 1555:(3.88) 1550:(4.28) 1545:(5.25) 1531:(30.6) 1526:(37.4) 1521:(34.7) 1516:(32.5) 1511:(29.5) 1506:(22.3) 1501:(18.5) 1496:(19.4) 1491:(25.2) 1486:(33.1) 1481:(37.8) 1476:(38.3) 1471:(38.5) 1461:(62.8) 1456:(63.9) 1451:(65.8) 1446:(65.5) 1441:(63.7) 1436:(62.6) 1431:(60.8) 1426:(60.8) 1421:(61.9) 1416:(62.2) 1411:(61.7) 1406:(62.1) 1401:(62.1) 1334:Juliaca 1319:Climate 1220:Miocene 1200:Geology 1017:endemic 906:Ecology 880:Ollanta 810:and/or 611:Alpacas 587:Bolivia 581:in the 568:Quechua 555:Spanish 381:article 374:Islands 273:Bolivia 3954:Mataro 3949:Cabana 3619: 3592: 3514: 3442: 3202: 3153: 3103: 3049: 2937: 2904: 2847: 2839: 2746:26 May 2418:Ramsar 2385:Ramsar 2207:Yavari 2192:Yapura 2188:Yapura 2184:Yavari 2146:built 2144:Humber 2077:Yavari 2073:Yapura 2069:Yavari 2048:Yapura 2041:Yavari 2016:Yavari 2000:Guaqui 1935:links 1915:Tigris 1873:Suriki 1739:Island 1696:island 1639:totora 1352:Month 1232:strata 1181:Elodea 1175:Azolla 1150:Totora 1101:sedges 1099:totora 1097:among 1083:, and 1005:, and 830:Aimara 792:k’ak’a 768:Aymara 365:Frozen 3975:Sajsi 3663:(PDF) 3652:(PDF) 3384:Slate 2293:Notes 1910:Ra II 1867:circa 1776:suyus 1710:wheat 1603:609.4 1548:108.7 1543:133.3 1391:Year 1313:Incas 1187:Lemna 1159:Chara 1073:ducks 812:caca, 626:Andes 583:Andes 368:never 267:Basin 3995:Ouki 3713:link 3617:ISBN 3590:ISBN 3512:ISBN 3440:ISBN 3200:ISBN 3151:ISBN 3101:ISBN 3047:ISBN 2967:2015 2935:ISBN 2902:ISBN 2875:2017 2845:PMID 2837:ISSN 2748:2012 2586:2015 2556:2015 2526:2016 2460:2020 2432:2018 2399:2018 2215:Inca 2211:Coya 2202:Puno 2200:BAP 2186:and 2173:Inca 2155:Inca 2150:Inca 2128:Coya 2103:Puno 2044:and 1925:The 1913:and 1678:Puno 1659:Uros 1653:Uros 1623:Uros 1598:85.9 1593:55.3 1588:41.1 1583:22.1 1558:43.3 1553:98.5 1529:−0.8 1509:−1.4 1504:−5.4 1499:−7.5 1494:−7.0 1489:−3.8 1459:17.1 1454:17.7 1449:18.8 1444:18.6 1439:17.6 1434:17.0 1429:16.0 1424:16.0 1419:16.6 1414:16.8 1409:16.5 1404:16.7 1399:16.7 1388:Dec 1385:Nov 1382:Oct 1379:Sep 1376:Aug 1373:Jul 1370:Jun 1367:May 1364:Apr 1361:Mar 1358:Feb 1355:Jan 1296:Ouki 1269:and 1190:and 1170:Puno 1162:and 914:Two 808:titi 788:kaka 784:caca 780:lead 776:puma 772:titi 764:caca 762:and 760:titi 735:Name 707:Puno 591:Peru 589:and 579:lake 277:Peru 275:and 220:lake 208:Type 3118:doi 2829:doi 2825:487 2310:bay 2138:at 2116:at 2105:to 2101:to 2046:SS 2039:SS 2014:SS 1939:'s 1578:5.8 1573:2.4 1568:3.1 1563:9.9 1524:3.0 1519:1.5 1514:0.3 1484:0.6 1479:3.2 1474:3.5 1469:3.6 1131:of 878:SS 828:An 489:959 452:881 4049:: 3815:. 3811:. 3785:. 3781:. 3757:^ 3736:. 3721:^ 3709:}} 3705:{{ 3690:. 3678:^ 3654:. 3625:. 3558:. 3537:^ 3506:. 3492:^ 3475:. 3471:. 3411:. 3397:^ 3387:. 3381:. 3359:^ 3223:^ 3191:^ 3070:^ 3035:^ 3019:^ 3000:^ 2957:. 2953:. 2883:^ 2843:. 2835:. 2823:. 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