380:
facilities or fuel or the damage or destruction an interstate gas or hazardous liquid pipeline facility from not more than 20 years imprisonment to any prison term. Conspiracy provisions were added by section 811 to criminal statutes that cover arson within the special maritime and territorial jurisdiction of the United States, killings in
Federal facilities, the destruction of communications lines, stations, or systems, the destruction of property within the special maritime and territorial jurisdiction of the United States, wrecking trains, material support to terrorists, torture, the sabotage of nuclear facilities or fuel, interfering with flight crews, the carrying on of weapons or explosives on an aircraft, and the destruction of interstate gas or hazardous liquid pipeline facility. Furthermore, section 812 of the Patriot Act specifies that there is to be post-release supervision of terrorists for the rest of their lives, if they committed a terrorist act that resulted in, or created a foreseeable risk of, death or serious bodily injury to another person.
393:
diagnosis or treatment; causes a person to be injured; causes a threat to public health or safety; or causes damage to a governmental computer that is used as a tool to administer justice, national defense, or national security. It is only through these specific actions that civil action may be taken against an offender. Section 814 also prohibits any extortion via a protected computer, and not just extortion against a "firm, association, educational institution, financial institution, government entity, or other legal entity". Punishments were expanded to include attempted illegal use or access of protected computers. The punishment for attempting to damage protected computers through the use of viruses or other software mechanism is now imprisonment for not more than 10 years, while the punishment for unauthorized access and subsequent damage to a protected computer is now more than five years imprisonment. Should the offense occur a second time, the penalty increases to no more than 20 years imprisonment. The
735:
a system, or information, "conviction" now includes a conviction under the law of any State for a crime punishable by imprisonment for more than 1 year, where the crime involved the unauthorized access of a protected computer, "loss" means "any reasonable cost to any victim, including the cost of responding to an offense, conducting a damage assessment, and restoring the data, program, system, or information to its condition prior to the offense, and any revenue lost, cost incurred, or other consequential damages incurred because of interruption of service", and "person" means "any individual, firm, corporation, educational institution, financial institution, governmental entity, or legal or other entity."
723:, "the premises of United States diplomatic, consular, military or other United States Government missions or entities in foreign States" are considered to be part of the aforesaid jurisdiction. This includes "residences in foreign States...irrespective of ownership, used for purposes of those missions or entities or used by United States personnel...." It ends by adding a clause saying that this paragraph does not trump any international agreement that it comes into conflict with, and that it does not apply to members of the
405:
and to "facilitate and promote the sharing of
Federal law enforcement expertise and information about the investigation, analysis, and prosecution of computer-related crime with State and local law enforcement personnel and prosecutors, including the use of multijurisdictional task forces". US$ 50,000,000 was authorized for establishing such labs.
413:
Under section 815 of the
Patriot Act, an additional defense was added against civil actions where it is alleged that there were unlawful violations of access to stored communications and the interception of communications. It allows an ISP to show a good faith reliance on requests from a governmental
331:
A number of measures were undertaken in an attempt to prevent and penalize activities that are deemed to support terrorism. Section 803 of the
Patriot Act amends the statute on terrorism to include a new section to prevent the harboring of or concealment of terrorists. This states than any person who
734:
were redefined. A "protected computer" was expanded to include a "computer located outside the United States that is used in a manner that affects interstate or foreign commerce or communication of the United States", "damage" means any impairment to the integrity or availability of data, a program,
366:
law to allow authorities to seize all foreign and domestic assets from any group or individual that is caught planning to commit acts of terrorism against the U.S. or U.S. citizens. Assets may also be seized if they have been acquired or maintained by an individual or organization for the purposes
284:
If such an offense is committed, then the offender is to be fined and/or imprisoned for not more than twenty years. However, if the activity was undertaken while the mass transportation vehicle or ferry was carrying a passenger at the time of the offense, or the offense resulted in the death of any
392:
are dealt with in title VIII. Under section 814 of the
Patriot Act, it is clarified that punishments apply to those who either damage or gain unauthorized access to a protected computer and thus cause a person an aggregate loss greater than $ 5,000; adversely affects someone's medical examination,
430:
and this was amended by section 802 of the
Patriot Act to include mass destruction as well as assassination or kidnapping as a terrorist activity. The definition encompasses activities that are "dangerous to human life that are a violation of the criminal laws of the United States or of any State"
404:
laboratories that have the capability of performing forensic examinations of intercepted computer evidence relating to criminal activity and cyberterrorism, and that have the capability of training and educating
Federal, State, and local law enforcement personnel and prosecutors in computer crime,
813:
A "select agent" is defined in "subsection (j) of section 72.6 of title 42, Code of
Federal Regulations, pursuant to section 511(d)(l) of the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996 (Public Law 104-132), and is not exempted under subsection (h) of such section 72.6, or appendix A of
379:
on prosecution for any terrorist offense that led to the death or injury of any person, while section 810 increased the maximum penalty for destroying an energy facility, providing material support to terrorists or terrorist organizations, destroying national-defense materials, sabotaging nuclear
309:
research, or other peaceful purposes". The
Patriot Act created a penalty of more than 10 years imprisonment, a fine for anyone who cannot prove reasonably that they are using a biological agent, toxin, or delivery system for these purposes, or both. Section 817 also prevents certain people from
431:
and are intended to "intimidate or coerce a civilian population", "influence the policy of a government by intimidation or coercion" or are undertaken "to affect the conduct of a government by mass destruction, assassination, or kidnapping" while in the jurisdiction of the United States.
314:
or have been convicted of a crime that is punishable with a jail sentence of over a year, is a fugitive from justice, convicted drug users, illegal aliens, aliens from certain countries that have been deemed to have provided support for acts of international terrorism, and those who are
332:"harbors or conceals" someone whom they know or believe to have committed an offense designated under 11 specific other codes will be subject to a fine or imprisonment of up to ten years, or both. These violations may be prosecuted in any Federal
343:
so that a person being prosecuted "may be prosecuted in any
Federal judicial district" where the offense was committed, "or in any other Federal judicial district as provided by law." It also adds four codes to be considered under the title.
2701:
263:
does something to impair the running of the transportation system, including removing or damaging a train control system, centralized dispatching system, or rail grade crossing warning signal,
2486:
1376:
was amended, and it was also made clear that "No action may be brought under this subsection for the negligent design or manufacture of computer hardware, computer software, or firmware".
397:
were amended to allow any individual convicted of computer fraud and abuse to be subjected to appropriate penalties, without regard to any mandatory minimum term of imprisonment.
352:
defines "providing material support to terrorists" in subsection (b). Section 805 changes this definition by adding "expert advice or assistance" and "monetary instruments."
2409:
2721:
274:, captain, or person while they are dispatching, operating, or maintaining a mass transportation vehicle or ferry in order to cause harm or death to passengers,
323:. Penalties for those who are prohibited from transporting or receiving selected agents are fines, punishment of not more than 10 years imprisonment, or both.
198:
74:
260:
places any biological agent or toxin as a weapon near the facilities of a railroad in order to derail, disable, or wreck the transportation mechanisms,
2437:
2731:
2706:
719:" within the usage of Title 18, the title of the U.S.C. that deals with crime. It is amended so that when a crime is committed by or against a U.S.
340:
257:
on a train or mass transportation device, without previously obtaining the permission of the mass transportation provider, to cause injury or death,
2472:
400:
Section 816 specifies the development and support of cybersecurity forensic capabilities. It directs the Attorney General to establish regional
2279:
1084:
1023:
674:
airline piracy, assault on a flight crew with a dangerous weapon, endangering human life by using explosive or incendiary devices on aircraft,
505:
the destruction of any building, vehicle, or other personal or real property that is leased or owned by the U.S. government through the use of
356:
280:
makes false allegations that an attempt or alleged attempt is being undertaken to perform a prohibited activity on a mass transportation system
2774:
2430:
2416:
2333:
2301:
2711:
414:
entity that orders them to preserve records and other evidence in its possession pending the issuance of a court order or other process.
230:. Title VIII contains 17 sections and creates definitions of terrorism, and establishes or re-defines rules with which to deal with it.
2759:
2696:
472:
727:
who commit an offense outside the U.S. that would have resulted in a year or longer imprisonment had it been committed within the U.S.
2283:
2253:
2236:
2219:
2203:
2186:
2171:
2155:
2135:
2120:
2105:
2090:
2075:
2060:
2045:
2030:
2015:
2000:
1985:
1969:
1950:
1935:
1920:
1905:
1889:
1880:
1870:
1860:
1843:
1826:
1809:
1793:
1778:
1763:
1747:
1732:
1717:
1702:
1694:
1679:
1664:
1648:
1632:
1615:
1598:
1582:
1563:
1553:
1544:
1527:
1510:
1494:
1475:
1458:
1440:
1422:
1386:
1368:
1350:
1332:
1317:
1302:
1287:
1269:
1254:
1236:
1218:
1200:
1181:
1162:
1143:
1127:
1112:
1096:
1072:
1063:
1055:
1047:
1031:
1004:
983:
966:
949:
941:
933:
921:
913:
905:
896:
886:
877:
869:
861:
853:
837:
796:
766:
708:
695:
458:
423:
345:
294:
499:
to damage or destroy specific property situated within a foreign country belonging to a foreign government with which the U.S. is at
2716:
479:
191:
2691:
450:
2769:
2749:
2458:
468:
301:
was amended to define the use of a biological agent, toxin, or delivery system as a weapon, other than when it is used for "
2726:
724:
649:
643:
394:
2754:
2479:
2444:
2423:
2378:
2362:
438:
the willful production of defective national-defense material, national-defense premises, or national-defense utilities,
277:
does something to cause death or serious bodily injury to an employee or passenger of a mass transportation provider, or
131:
125:
69:
60:
359:
would limit criminal prohibitions against the provision of material support to terrorists and terrorist organizations.
2764:
2386:
2374:
2366:
2358:
631:
184:
157:
151:
118:
112:
92:
86:
53:
47:
2394:
2390:
2370:
2354:
823:
227:
170:
164:
105:
99:
40:
34:
1404:
2465:
2326:
2151:
929:
782:
751:
2779:
2305:
310:
shipping, transporting or receiving a select biological agent Those who are restricted are those who are under
375:
A number of penalties for terrorism offenses were defined or amended by Title VIII. Section 809 removed the
422:
Title VIII defines or redefines a number of terms. The terms "domestic terrorism" is already defined under
376:
715:
is a list of things or places that fall within the "special maritime and territorial jurisdiction of the
454:
520:
A further amendment made the following activities part of the definition of "International terrorism":
2261:
588:
the murder or manslaughter of foreign officials, official guests, or internationally protected persons
2800:
2319:
2618:
565:
538:
496:
401:
320:
600:
injury to buildings or property within special maritime and territorial jurisdiction of the U.S.
16:
Section of an US anti-terrorism bill creating definitions of terrorism and how to deal with them
576:
the killing or attempted killing during an attack on a Federal facility with a dangerous weapon
1896:(a)(5)(B)(ii) through (v) (relates to damaged caused through unauthorized access to computers)
333:
2548:
2533:
2513:
2451:
550:
363:
250:
2638:
2578:
1027:
489:
215:
2658:
2648:
2628:
2503:
731:
442:
389:
239:
2794:
2613:
2598:
2583:
2563:
2518:
2508:
2276:
1081:
1020:
716:
544:
223:
555:
the kidnapping or assassination of congressional, cabinet, and Supreme Court members
336:
where the offense was committed, or in another Federal district as provided by law.
2668:
2663:
2553:
2538:
2223:
2207:
2190:
2175:
2139:
2124:
2109:
2094:
2079:
2064:
2049:
1652:
1321:
1306:
1291:
1258:
1100:
1076:
1035:
1008:
945:
925:
917:
687:
349:
316:
302:
271:
2240:
2159:
2034:
2019:
2004:
1989:
1973:
1954:
1939:
1924:
1909:
1893:
1884:
1874:
1721:
1706:
1586:
1567:
1557:
1548:
1514:
1498:
1479:
1462:
1444:
1426:
1390:
1372:
1354:
1336:
1273:
1240:
1222:
1204:
1131:
1067:
1059:
987:
970:
953:
937:
909:
900:
841:
770:
462:
434:
When investigating international terrorism, the Attorney General can investigate:
427:
355:
Section 807 of the Patriot Act made a technical clarification that nothing in the
1958:
1864:
1847:
1830:
1813:
1797:
1782:
1767:
1751:
1736:
1698:
1636:
1619:
1602:
1531:
1185:
1116:
1051:
890:
881:
873:
865:
800:
298:
246:
wreck, demolish, set fire to, or disables a mass transportation vehicle or ferry,
70:
International Money Laundering Abatement and Anti-terrorist Financing Act of 2001
2673:
2653:
2643:
2608:
2568:
2558:
2523:
2342:
1683:
1668:
1166:
1147:
857:
720:
612:
terrorist attacks and other acts of violence against mass transportation systems
22:
2287:
2257:
712:
699:
2603:
2593:
2588:
2573:
311:
306:
267:
119:
Providing for victims of terrorism, public safety officers and their families
2633:
2543:
1408:
561:
participation in nuclear and weapons of mass destruction threats to the U.S.
510:
219:
1358:, which deals with fraud and related activity in connection with computers.
705:
Special maritime and territorial jurisdiction of the United States defined
2623:
675:
2528:
666:
627:
homicides and other violence against U.S. nationals outside of the U.S.
585:
the killing or attempted killing of officers and employees of the U.S.,
446:
293:
Section 817 of the Patriot Act expands the biological weapons statute.
618:
offenses relating to national defense material, premises, or utilities
615:
the destruction of national defense materials, premises, or utilities
570:
the arson and bombing of Government property risking or causing death
681:
destruction of interstate gas or hazardous liquid pipeline facility.
132:
Increased information sharing for critical infrastructure protection
531:
500:
254:
1448:
was amended to allow the addition defense against civil actions.
506:
285:
person, then the punishment is a fine and/or life imprisonment.
2315:
606:
Presidential and Presidential staff assassination and kidnaping
2311:
573:
the arson and bombing of property used in interstate commerce
212:
Title VIII: Strengthening the criminal laws against terrorism
597:
the destruction of communication lines, stations, or systems
242:. Section 801 added a new section that punishes those who
449:, fortification or harbor-defense system, or violates any
2487:
Telemarketing and Consumer Fraud and Abuse Prevention Act
357:
Trade Sanctions Reform and Export Enhancement Act of 2000
579:
the conspiracy to murder, kidnap, or maim persons abroad
1087:
3162, Public Law 107-56), Title VIII, Sec. 805, (a)(1).
1176:
1174:
1543:
Refers to the definition of an energy facility under
660:
providing material support to terrorist organizations
534:
within special maritime and territorial jurisdictions
238:
The U.S. Code has a number of regulations concerning
75:
Bank Secrecy Act Amendments and Related Improvements
2740:
2682:
2496:
2401:
636:
acts of terrorism transcending national boundaries,
594:
the depredation of government property or contracts
2410:Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968
2271:
2269:
525:the destruction of aircraft or aircraft facilities
453:governing persons or vessels within the limits of
730:Under section 814, a number of terms relating to
145:Strengthening the criminal laws against terrorism
2282:3162, Public Law 107-56), Title VIII, Sec. 804;
781:The biological weapons statute is defined under
266:interferes with, disables, or incapacitates any
1348:Clarification was made through an amendment to
1283:
1281:
1250:
1248:
1000:
998:
996:
558:the use of nuclear materials in a terrorist act
214:is the eighth of ten titles which comprise the
2722:National Institute of Standards and Technology
1578:
1576:
1561:; also refers to the offense itself, which is
1490:
1488:
1232:
1230:
1214:
1212:
1196:
1194:
794:A new clause was created for this punishment,
2327:
833:
831:
762:
760:
516:threats made to kill or injure another person
192:
106:Removing obstacles to investigating terrorism
41:Enhancing Domestic Security against Terrorism
8:
1158:
1156:
639:the bombing of public places and facilities
362:Section 806 of the Patriot Act amends U.S.
2334:
2320:
2312:
686:Section 813 included acts of terrorism as
671:the sabotage of nuclear facilities or fuel
582:unauthorised access to protected computers
199:
185:
18:
2438:Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act
624:violence against maritime fixed platforms
2732:U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement
657:providing material support to terrorists
492:or predatory attack of any U.S. property
341:providing material support to terrorists
2473:Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952
743:
21:
485:the destruction of an energy facility,
234:Attacks on mass transportation systems
2775:Electronic Privacy Information Center
2431:Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act
2417:Electronic Communications Privacy Act
603:the destruction of an energy facility
441:the destruction or interference of a
7:
814:part 72 of the Code of Regulations."
678:or attempted homicide on an aircraft
621:violence against maritime navigation
339:Section 805 modifies the statute on
2760:Center for Democracy and Technology
528:violence at international airports
14:
367:of further terrorist activities.
319:and who have been committed to a
2702:Select Committee on Intelligence
1420:Such orders are specified under
480:United States Member of Congress
384:Cyberterrorism and cybersecurity
54:Enhanced Surveillance Procedures
2692:Federal Bureau of Investigation
1030:107-56), Title VIII, Sec. 805;
750:The regulations are defined in
2770:Electronic Frontier Foundation
2750:American Civil Liberties Union
2459:Right to Financial Privacy Act
663:the financing of terrorism, or
650:radiological dispersal devices
482:or a Member-of-Congress-elect,
469:President of the United States
1:
644:anti-aircraft missile systems
395:Federal sentencing guidelines
2755:American Library Association
2480:Victims of Crime Act of 1984
2445:Money Laundering Control Act
2424:Computer Fraud and Abuse Act
451:Presidential Executive Order
2765:Center for Public Integrity
2302:Text of the USA PATRIOT Act
632:weapons of mass destruction
471:, the President-elect, the
2817:
2707:Department of the Treasury
1080:(source: USA PATRIOT Act (
852:These codes are, in turn,
228:September 11, 2001 attacks
2466:Fair Credit Reporting Act
2349:
2152:Atomic Energy Act of 1954
930:Atomic Energy Act of 1954
2780:Humanitarian Law Project
928:; section 236(a) of the
891:§ 844(f)(2) and (3)
1885:§ 1030(a)(5)(A)(i)
1463:§ 2331(1)(B)(iii)
824:Title 18, chapter 113B
609:the wrecking of trains
377:statute of limitations
2697:Department of Justice
1976:(a), (b), (c), or (d)
1754:(a), (b), (c) and (d)
1405:title 18, chapter 121
158:Improved intelligence
93:Protecting the border
783:title 18, chapter 10
752:title 18, chapter 97
739:Notes and references
654:harboring terrorists
475:or the next in line,
226:one month after the
2717:Department of State
2150:Section 236 of the
693:Section 804 amends
455:defensive sea areas
388:Several aspects of
222:bill passed in the
566:plastic explosives
539:biological weapons
467:an assault on the
321:mental institution
289:Biological weapons
2788:
2787:
2275:USA PATRIOT Act (
1875:§ 1030(a)(1)
1445:§ 2707(e)(1)
1391:§ 1030(a)(7)
1355:§ 1030(a)(5)
1019:USA PATRIOT Act (
785:of the U.S. Code.
402:computer forensic
334:judicial district
327:Terrorist support
209:
208:
176:
175:
2808:
2669:John Conyers Jr.
2549:Michael Chertoff
2534:Dianne Feinstein
2514:Alberto Gonzales
2452:Bank Secrecy Act
2336:
2329:
2322:
2313:
2290:
2273:
2264:
2251:
2245:
2243:
2233:
2227:
2226:
2216:
2210:
2200:
2194:
2184:
2178:
2169:
2163:
2148:
2142:
2133:
2127:
2118:
2112:
2103:
2097:
2088:
2082:
2073:
2067:
2058:
2052:
2043:
2037:
2028:
2022:
2013:
2007:
1998:
1992:
1983:
1977:
1967:
1961:
1948:
1942:
1933:
1927:
1918:
1912:
1903:
1897:
1887:
1877:
1867:
1865:§ 956(a)(1)
1857:
1851:
1850:
1848:§ 956(a)(1)
1840:
1834:
1833:
1823:
1817:
1807:
1801:
1791:
1785:
1776:
1770:
1761:
1755:
1745:
1739:
1730:
1724:
1715:
1709:
1692:
1686:
1677:
1671:
1662:
1656:
1646:
1640:
1639:
1629:
1623:
1622:
1620:§ 844(f)(1)
1612:
1606:
1605:
1595:
1589:
1580:
1571:
1570:
1560:
1541:
1535:
1534:
1524:
1518:
1517:
1507:
1501:
1492:
1483:
1482:
1472:
1466:
1465:
1455:
1449:
1447:
1437:
1431:
1429:
1418:
1412:
1403:Specified under
1401:
1395:
1393:
1383:
1377:
1375:
1365:
1359:
1357:
1346:
1340:
1330:
1324:
1315:
1309:
1300:
1294:
1285:
1276:
1267:
1261:
1252:
1243:
1234:
1225:
1216:
1207:
1198:
1189:
1188:
1178:
1169:
1160:
1151:
1141:
1135:
1125:
1119:
1110:
1104:
1094:
1088:
1079:
1046:These codes are
1044:
1038:
1017:
1011:
1002:
991:
990:
980:
974:
973:
963:
957:
903:
893:
850:
844:
835:
826:
821:
815:
811:
805:
803:
792:
786:
779:
773:
764:
755:
748:
702:
551:chemical weapons
478:an assault on a
251:biological agent
201:
194:
187:
31:
30:
19:
2816:
2815:
2811:
2810:
2809:
2807:
2806:
2805:
2791:
2790:
2789:
2784:
2742:
2736:
2727:Customs Service
2684:
2678:
2639:Dennis Kucinich
2579:Jay Rockefeller
2492:
2397:
2345:
2340:
2298:
2293:
2274:
2267:
2252:
2248:
2235:
2234:
2230:
2224:§ 60123(b)
2218:
2217:
2213:
2201:
2197:
2185:
2181:
2170:
2166:
2149:
2145:
2134:
2130:
2119:
2115:
2104:
2100:
2089:
2085:
2074:
2070:
2059:
2055:
2044:
2040:
2029:
2025:
2014:
2010:
1999:
1995:
1984:
1980:
1968:
1964:
1949:
1945:
1934:
1930:
1919:
1915:
1904:
1900:
1879:
1869:
1859:
1858:
1854:
1842:
1841:
1837:
1825:
1824:
1820:
1808:
1804:
1792:
1788:
1777:
1773:
1762:
1758:
1746:
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2554:Barack Obama
2539:Viet D. Dinh
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2249:
2244:was amended.
2231:
2214:
2208:§ 46506
2198:
2191:§ 46505
2182:
2176:§ 46502
2167:
2146:
2140:§ 2339C
2131:
2125:§ 2339B
2116:
2110:§ 2332h
2101:
2095:§ 2332g
2086:
2080:§ 2332f
2071:
2065:§ 2332b
2056:
2050:§ 2332a
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2011:
1996:
1981:
1965:
1955:§§ 1366
1946:
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1653:§ 2332b
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1344:
1339:was amended.
1328:
1322:§ 60123
1313:
1307:§ 46505
1298:
1292:§ 46504
1265:
1259:§ 2340A
1150:was amended.
1139:
1134:was amended.
1123:
1108:
1101:§ 2339A
1092:
1042:
1036:§ 2339A
1015:
1009:§ 2339A
978:
961:
946:§ 46502
926:§ 2332b
918:§ 2332a
848:
819:
809:
790:
777:
746:
729:
725:Armed forces
704:
692:
688:racketeering
685:
519:
433:
421:
412:
399:
387:
374:
361:
354:
350:§ 2339A
338:
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317:mentally ill
303:prophylactic
292:
283:
272:train driver
237:
211:
210:
144:
138:
2801:Patriot Act
2674:Butch Otter
2644:Larry Craig
2609:Tom Daschle
2569:Lamar Smith
2559:Eric Holder
2524:Orrin Hatch
2343:Patriot Act
2160:§ 2284
2035:§ 2332
2020:§ 2281
2005:§ 2280
1990:§ 2155
1974:§ 1751
1940:§ 1203
1925:§ 1116
1910:§ 1114
1894:§ 1030
1722:§ 175c
1707:§ 175b
1655:was amended
1587:§ 1361
1551:, which is
1549:§ 1366
1499:§ 2156
1394:was amended
1337:§ 3583
1274:§ 2284
1241:§ 1992
1223:§ 1363
1205:§ 1362
1132:§ 3286
1068:§ 2284
1060:§ 1993
954:§ 2339
938:§ 2284
910:§ 2280
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