286:. However, there have also been some recent developments since it was established that cardinals over the age of 80 would not participate in the conclave that elects a new Pope. Despite this new rule, the Popes have continued to appoint as cardinals a limited number of priests or bishops who have already reached 80 years of age. Often such men are assigned to the order of cardinal deacons. Among the cases that may arise are those of a bishop or archbishop who is widely esteemed but is not made a cardinal for some specific (though rarely publicly announced) reason. It may be, for example, that such a appointment, given while he is under the age of 80, would increase in a disproportionate way the number of cardinals from a single country eligible to participate in the next conclave, or else it would risk creating an expectation that his successors will in future necessarily be made cardinals, too. In other cases, it has become the custom for the Pope to appoint from time to time as cardinals a small number of highly regarded theologians who have already reached the age of 80. Often in these cases, the rank assigned has been that of cardinal deacon.
297:). For instance, a man appointed a cardinal deacon will by definition be assigned a church that has the rank of a "deaconry". It is customary for a cardinal deacon, after ten years, to be able to petition for promotion to the rank of cardinal priest. This is usually granted. In this case, he may be assigned a completely different cardinalatial church which has the rank of a "titulus". However, a commonly used alternative procedure is to raise the church to which he is already attached
2827:
2851:
188:. The same number, though with different identities, is given in the reports of councils held in Rome in 499 and 595. In 1120, however, the number is given as 28. In modern times, many more have received the status of "tituli" or titular churches, while others over the centuries have been abandoned. Some of the latter have been demolished by natural events, war or urban development.
2839:
352:
who become cardinals (individually, not by right of their office) constitute an exception: their own patriarchal see is counted as their cardinal title. They belong to the order of cardinal bishops and, in the order of precedence, come before the cardinal priests and immediately after the cardinals
202:
Accordingly, when it became customary to attribute for honorific reasons the title of cardinal to ecclesiastics living outside Rome, each was assigned theoretical responsibility for one or other of the Roman churches, a legal fiction establishing their position within the Pope's diocese of Rome. It
215:
they are called. Their names and coats of arms are inscribed on plaques in the churches, they are expected to preach at the church occasionally when they are in Rome, and many raise funds for their church's maintenance and restoration, but they no longer participate in the actual management of the
62:, a cardinal may assist his titular church through counsel or through patronage, although "he has no power of governance over it, and he should not for any reason interfere in matters concerning the administration of its good, or its discipline, or the service of the church".
460:
122:('for this occasion') to a title or that he be transferred from his deaconry to a vacant title. Other churches in Rome can also be established as new titular churches. Occasionally, a titular church may be held
232:
203:
was understood that they had no obligation to reside in Rome, and so were not personally responsible for the pastoral care of the titular churches assigned to them. This practice is still in force today.
275:(684–685). It would seem that in an early period there were seven deaconries, each corresponding to one of the seven divisions of the city. As the terms implies, each was entrusted to a deacon.
154:
or "house churches"—and each took the name of the owner of the building, either a wealthy donor, or a priest appointed by the Church authorities to run it. For instance, the
450:
787:
171:
whose foundations remain under the church and whose audience hall became the ecclesiastical basilica. The most ancient reference to such a Roman church is in the
339:
289:
There is also a practice of changing the rank of the cardinalatial church from deaconry to priestly title or vice versa, permanently or, as the phrase goes,
1000:
829:
116:; in addition, when a cardinal deacon opts to become a cardinal priest (usually after ten years), he may request either that his deaconry be elevated
137:
732:
647:
578:
1966:
1158:
780:
39:
2388:
195:, the priests in charge of the "tituli" churches, and the clergy in charge of the deaconries. These were known collectively as the
179:
in the fourth century, which speaks of a council of bishops assembled "in the place where the Priest Vitus held his congregation".
1911:
2591:
2220:
1857:
362:
335:
2113:
2044:
1887:
1176:
2842:
2816:
2190:
1397:
2830:
2716:
2606:
2338:
1088:
773:
591:
Rome of the
Pilgrims and Martyrs: A Study in the Martyrologies, Itineraries, Syllogae, & Other Contemporary Documents
2584:
2373:
1318:
2737:
2234:
2475:
2426:
2197:
1326:
1061:
2440:
1644:
1601:
817:
305:
196:
43:
2876:
2793:
2676:
2295:
2174:
1677:
1592:
1469:
1185:
808:
349:
224:
128:('in trust') by a cardinal who has been transferred to a different titular church or to a suburbicarian diocese.
106:
1763:
2807:
2204:
1553:
964:
674:. Studien zur Geschichte und Kultur des Altertums, 9. Bd. , 1. und 2. Hft (in German). Paderborn: F. Schöningh.
330:. They had varying roles in the running of the diocese of Rome, sometimes functioning similarly to present-day
326:
were originally the successors of the residential bishops who governed the seven dioceses around Rome known as
55:
20:
2160:
2006:
1780:
1388:
1194:
89:(a member of the third order of the college). If a cardinal priest or a cardinal deacon is later appointed a
2405:
2317:
2122:
1989:
1981:
1628:
1610:
1440:
1424:
1212:
1113:
973:
943:
935:
886:
199:. Given the importance of this privilege, the term "cardinal" came to be understood as bestowing high rank.
2855:
2702:
2560:
2287:
2280:
2242:
1920:
1816:
1262:
1105:
240:
164:
59:
93:(a member of the first order of the college), he is typically transferred from his titular church to the
2669:
2576:
2468:
2266:
2212:
1974:
490:
455:
401:
373:
327:
317:
192:
98:
2324:
1998:
1583:
1371:
2783:
2685:
2645:
2636:
2419:
2182:
2036:
1942:
1935:
1840:
1739:
1636:
1406:
1336:
850:
796:
236:
228:
78:
2723:
2551:
2097:
2067:
2013:
1957:
1894:
1494:
1221:
1079:
1027:
745:(pp. 333-350). (Brill's Companions to the Christian Tradition; Vol. 91). Brill. ISBN 978-9004415447
713:
Lanzoni, Francesco (1925). "I titoli presbiteriali di Roma antica nella storia e nella leggenda,"
595:
282:
Since the medieval period, men appointed cardinal deacons are often holders of high office in the
211:
Today, the cardinal priests have a loose patronal relationship with their titular churches, whose
2745:
2520:
2167:
1902:
1832:
1824:
1772:
1311:
927:
702:
212:
184:
2020:
738:
417:
2730:
2709:
2621:
2482:
2461:
2447:
2359:
2331:
2303:
2251:
2130:
2105:
1809:
1801:
1731:
1670:
1662:
1653:
1619:
1526:
1502:
1303:
1270:
728:
643:
637:
574:
145:
615:
334:. Cardinal bishops are now honorarily granted the title of a suburbicarian diocese, with the
2754:
2694:
2568:
2454:
2259:
2144:
1928:
1746:
1707:
1294:
1254:
1149:
991:
919:
877:
760:
755:
425:
368:
331:
279:(772–795) fixed their number at 18, a number that remained constant until the 16th century.
272:
113:
35:
1277:
2502:
2412:
2380:
2081:
2028:
1880:
1873:
1865:
1794:
1787:
1700:
1568:
1415:
1379:
1363:
1354:
1239:
1131:
1036:
954:
911:
859:
840:
821:
323:
90:
86:
74:
47:
27:
2490:
2433:
1122:
1053:
631:(in French). Vol. VII. Paris-Rome: École franca̧ise de Rome. 1887. pp. 217–243.
589:
2771:
2628:
2598:
2512:
2310:
2273:
2051:
1849:
1754:
1561:
1517:
1447:
1432:
1167:
1097:
1070:
894:
868:
484:
158:
66:
50:, that serve as honorary designations symbolising the relationship of cardinals to the
2870:
2654:
2542:
2534:
2397:
2352:
2345:
2152:
2137:
1949:
1722:
1714:
1575:
1454:
1247:
1230:
1140:
1018:
276:
109:
who are created cardinal bishops are not assigned titles of suburbicarian dioceses.
2662:
2527:
2227:
2059:
1685:
1544:
1486:
1478:
1203:
1009:
982:
903:
825:
551:
271:
was a charitable institution in
Christian Rome, first mentioned in connection with
150:
124:
118:
94:
395:
669:
658:
626:
604:
568:
191:
In 1059, the right of electing the pope was reserved to the bishops of the seven
2614:
2366:
1535:
283:
182:
By the end of the 5th century such churches numbered 25, as is confirmed by the
168:
2850:
167:, drew its name from its foundress, who doubtless owned the extensive suburban
2089:
2074:
1345:
1285:
1045:
429:
176:
526:
511:
112:
A cardinal may request that he be transferred to another titular church in a
1509:
1461:
345:
102:
693:
Kuttner, Stephan (1945). "Cardinalis: The
History of a Canonical Concept".
680:
Zeitschrift der
Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte. Kanonische Abteilung
46:. These are Catholic churches in the city, within the jurisdiction of the
1693:
65:
There are two ranks of titular churches: titles and deaconries. A title (
706:
304:
In 2015 there were 67 "deaconries" assigned or assignable to one of the
16:
Church in Rome that can be assigned to a cardinal of the
Catholic Church
765:
617:
Diss. de origine et antiquitate eminentissimorum S. R. C. cardinalium
624:
Duchesne, Louis (1887). "Les titres presbyteraux et les diaconies,"
741:". In Mary Hollingsworth, Miles Pattenden and Arnold Witte (eds.),
483:
216:
churches. There are (as of 2015) 160 presbyteral titular churches.
231:, former archbishop of Montreal, was made Cardinal Priest of the
51:
769:
223:
with some connection to their home see or country, such as the
394:
459:. 17 February 2014. The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church.
606:
De iuribus
Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae cardinalium in titulis
678:
H. W. Klewitz, "Die
Entstehung des Kardinalskollegiums,"
239:, former Archbishop of Paris, is the cardinal priest of
365:, listing present titular churches and their incumbents
639:
Le chiese di Roma nel medio evo: cataloghi ed appvnti
353:
who hold the titles of the seven suburbicarian sees.
2501:
953:
839:
725:
Reclaiming Rome: cardinals in the fifteenth century
594:. London: Methuen & Company, Limited. p.
451:"The College of Cardinals General Documentazion"
609:(in Latin). Rome: Typis Polyglottis Vaticanis.
781:
8:
73:) is a titular church that is assigned to a
570:Roman Domestic Art and Early House Churches
259:
155:
788:
774:
766:
264:in Rome assigned to the cardinal-deacons.
2770:Cardinals ineligible to participate in a
144:were private buildings used as Christian
743:A Companion to the Early Modern Cardinal
422:A Companion to the Early Modern Cardinal
385:
687:Corpus Basilicarum Christianarum Romae
671:Die römischen Titelkirchen im Altertum
418:"Cardinals and Their Titular Churches"
445:
443:
441:
439:
77:(a member of the second order of the
7:
2838:
739:Cardinals and Their Titular Churches
628:Mélanges d'archéologie et d'histoire
507:
505:
503:
501:
494:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
405:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
138:legalization of Christianity in Rome
38:that is assigned to a member of the
542:Richardson 2009, pp. 183–234.
463:from the original on 17 March 2013
14:
663:. Berlin: Weidmann. pp. 1–7.
642:. Hildesheim: Georg Olms Verlag.
588:Barker, Ethel Ross (1913). "VI".
2849:
2837:
2826:
2825:
715:Rivista di archeologia cristiana
488:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).
399:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).
363:List of titular churches in Rome
336:dean of the College of Cardinals
620:(in Latin). Heidelberg: Haener.
614:Bez, Henricus Antonius (1767).
552:Code of Canon Law, canon 350 §3
255:is also loosely applied to the
219:Many cardinals are assigned to
2817:List of creations of cardinals
81:), whereas a deaconry (Latin:
1:
761:GCatholic Cardinal deaconries
668:Kirsch, Johann Peter (1919).
338:additionally gaining that of
251:In the wider sense, the term
243:(St. Louis, King of France).
657:Kehr, Paul Fridolin (1906).
512:Aluigi Cossio, "Titulus" in
416:Witte, Arnold (2019-12-09).
301:to the rank of a "titulus".
85:) is normally assigned to a
2893:
2856:Catholic Church portal
660:Italia pontificia, I: Roma
636:Hülsen, Christian (1927).
573:. Tubingen: Mohr Siebeck.
315:
173:Apology against the Arians
58:of Rome. According to the
18:
2765:
809:List of current cardinals
803:
756:GCatholic Cardinal titles
430:10.1163/9789004415447_023
350:Eastern Catholic Churches
235:(Holy Canadian Martyrs);
225:national churches in Rome
107:Eastern Catholic Churches
101:in the vicinity of Rome.
2808:List of titular churches
727:, Leiden: Brill, 2009.
567:Balch, David L. (2008).
163:, now the church of the
21:List of titular churches
737:Witte, Arnold (2020). "
603:Belardo, Mario (1939).
529:Apologia contra Arianos
393:Cossio, Aluigi (1913).
723:Richardson, Carol M.,
328:suburbicarian dioceses
260:
241:San Luigi dei Francesi
233:Santi Martiri Canadesi
165:Santi Quattro Coronati
156:
82:
70:
60:1983 Code of Canon Law
2191:Suharyo Hardjoatmodjo
514:Catholic Encyclopedia
491:Catholic Encyclopedia
482:Ott, Michael (1913).
456:Holy See Press Office
402:Catholic Encyclopedia
374:Suburbicarian diocese
318:Suburbicarian diocese
316:Further information:
99:suburbicarian diocese
2784:Council of Cardinals
2782:(CC): member of the
797:College of Cardinals
717:II (1925), 195–257.
485:"In Commendam"
229:Jean-Claude Turcotte
79:College of Cardinals
1967:Lacunza Maestrojuán
1177:Rodríguez Maradiaga
830:order of precedence
682:25 (1936), 115–221.
2296:Arizmendi Esquivel
1593:Monteiro de Castro
213:cardinal protector
193:suburbicarian sees
185:Liber Pontificalis
2864:
2863:
1319:Cañizares Llovera
733:978-90-04-17183-1
685:Krautheimer, R.,
649:978-3-487-40631-2
580:978-3-16-149383-6
332:auxiliary bishops
237:André Vingt-Trois
207:Present situation
42:who is created a
2884:
2877:Titular churches
2854:
2853:
2845:
2841:
2840:
2833:
2829:
2828:
2819:
2810:
2803:
2796:
2786:
2778:
2758:
2749:
2740:
2733:
2726:
2719:
2712:
2705:
2698:
2689:
2680:
2672:
2665:
2658:
2649:
2640:
2631:
2624:
2617:
2610:
2601:
2594:
2587:
2580:
2571:
2564:
2555:
2546:
2537:
2530:
2523:
2516:
2503:Cardinal deacons
2494:
2485:
2478:
2471:
2464:
2457:
2450:
2443:
2436:
2429:
2422:
2415:
2408:
2401:
2392:
2389:Jiménez Carvajal
2383:
2376:
2369:
2362:
2355:
2348:
2341:
2334:
2327:
2320:
2313:
2306:
2299:
2290:
2283:
2276:
2269:
2262:
2255:
2246:
2237:
2230:
2223:
2216:
2208:
2200:
2198:García Rodríguez
2193:
2186:
2177:
2170:
2163:
2156:
2147:
2140:
2133:
2126:
2117:
2108:
2101:
2093:
2084:
2077:
2070:
2063:
2054:
2047:
2040:
2031:
2024:
2016:
2009:
2002:
1993:
1984:
1977:
1970:
1961:
1952:
1945:
1938:
1931:
1924:
1915:
1906:
1897:
1890:
1883:
1876:
1869:
1860:
1853:
1844:
1835:
1828:
1819:
1812:
1805:
1797:
1795:Brenes Solórzano
1790:
1783:
1776:
1767:
1758:
1749:
1742:
1735:
1726:
1717:
1710:
1703:
1696:
1689:
1680:
1673:
1666:
1657:
1648:
1639:
1632:
1623:
1614:
1605:
1602:Abril y Castelló
1596:
1587:
1578:
1571:
1564:
1557:
1548:
1539:
1530:
1521:
1512:
1505:
1498:
1489:
1482:
1473:
1464:
1457:
1450:
1443:
1436:
1428:
1419:
1410:
1401:
1398:Martínez Sistach
1392:
1383:
1374:
1367:
1358:
1349:
1340:
1331:
1321:
1314:
1307:
1298:
1289:
1280:
1273:
1266:
1257:
1250:
1243:
1234:
1225:
1216:
1207:
1198:
1189:
1180:
1171:
1162:
1153:
1144:
1135:
1126:
1117:
1108:
1101:
1092:
1083:
1074:
1065:
1062:Sandoval Íñiguez
1056:
1049:
1040:
1031:
1022:
1013:
1004:
995:
986:
977:
968:
955:Cardinal priests
946:
939:
930:
923:
914:
907:
898:
890:
881:
872:
863:
854:
841:Cardinal bishops
832:
811:
790:
783:
776:
767:
720:
710:
675:
664:
653:
632:
621:
610:
599:
584:
554:
549:
543:
540:
534:
524:
518:
509:
496:
495:
487:
479:
473:
472:
470:
468:
447:
434:
433:
413:
407:
406:
398:
390:
369:Churches of Rome
324:cardinal bishops
312:Cardinal bishops
273:Pope Benedict II
263:
247:Cardinal deacons
162:
19:For a list, see
2892:
2891:
2887:
2886:
2885:
2883:
2882:
2881:
2867:
2866:
2865:
2860:
2848:
2836:
2824:
2815:
2806:
2799:
2791:
2781:
2769:
2761:
2752:
2743:
2736:
2729:
2722:
2715:
2708:
2701:
2692:
2683:
2675:
2668:
2661:
2652:
2643:
2634:
2627:
2620:
2613:
2604:
2597:
2590:
2583:
2574:
2567:
2558:
2549:
2540:
2533:
2526:
2519:
2510:
2497:
2488:
2481:
2474:
2467:
2460:
2453:
2446:
2439:
2432:
2425:
2418:
2411:
2404:
2395:
2386:
2379:
2374:Martínez Flores
2372:
2365:
2358:
2351:
2344:
2337:
2330:
2323:
2316:
2309:
2302:
2293:
2286:
2279:
2272:
2265:
2258:
2249:
2240:
2233:
2226:
2221:Ramazzini Imeri
2219:
2211:
2205:Ambongo Besungu
2203:
2196:
2189:
2180:
2173:
2166:
2159:
2150:
2143:
2136:
2129:
2120:
2111:
2104:
2096:
2087:
2080:
2073:
2066:
2057:
2050:
2043:
2034:
2027:
2019:
2012:
2005:
1996:
1987:
1980:
1973:
1964:
1955:
1950:Sturla Berhouet
1948:
1941:
1934:
1927:
1918:
1909:
1900:
1893:
1886:
1879:
1872:
1863:
1856:
1850:Ezzati Andrello
1847:
1838:
1831:
1822:
1815:
1808:
1800:
1793:
1786:
1779:
1770:
1761:
1752:
1745:
1738:
1729:
1720:
1713:
1706:
1699:
1692:
1683:
1676:
1669:
1660:
1651:
1642:
1635:
1626:
1617:
1608:
1599:
1590:
1581:
1574:
1569:Patabendige Don
1567:
1560:
1551:
1542:
1533:
1524:
1515:
1508:
1501:
1492:
1485:
1476:
1467:
1460:
1453:
1446:
1439:
1431:
1422:
1413:
1404:
1395:
1386:
1377:
1370:
1361:
1352:
1343:
1334:
1324:
1317:
1310:
1301:
1292:
1283:
1276:
1269:
1260:
1253:
1246:
1237:
1228:
1219:
1210:
1201:
1192:
1186:Cipriani Thorne
1183:
1174:
1165:
1156:
1147:
1138:
1129:
1120:
1111:
1104:
1095:
1086:
1077:
1068:
1059:
1052:
1043:
1034:
1025:
1016:
1007:
1001:López Rodríguez
998:
989:
980:
971:
962:
949:
942:
933:
926:
917:
910:
901:
893:
887:Saraiva Martins
884:
875:
866:
857:
848:
835:
822:Catholic Church
816:
807:
799:
794:
752:
718:
692:
667:
656:
650:
635:
625:
613:
602:
587:
581:
566:
563:
558:
557:
550:
546:
541:
537:
525:
521:
510:
499:
481:
480:
476:
466:
464:
449:
448:
437:
415:
414:
410:
396:"Titulus"
392:
391:
387:
382:
359:
320:
314:
249:
227:. For example,
209:
151:domus ecclesiae
134:
91:cardinal bishop
87:cardinal deacon
75:cardinal priest
48:Diocese of Rome
28:Catholic Church
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2890:
2888:
2880:
2879:
2869:
2868:
2862:
2861:
2859:
2858:
2846:
2834:
2821:
2820:
2813:
2812:
2811:
2804:
2801:Titular church
2788:
2787:
2779:
2772:papal conclave
2766:
2763:
2762:
2760:
2759:
2750:
2741:
2734:
2727:
2720:
2713:
2706:
2699:
2690:
2681:
2673:
2666:
2659:
2650:
2641:
2632:
2625:
2618:
2611:
2602:
2595:
2588:
2581:
2572:
2565:
2556:
2552:Ladaria Ferrer
2547:
2538:
2531:
2524:
2517:
2507:
2505:
2499:
2498:
2496:
2495:
2486:
2479:
2472:
2465:
2458:
2451:
2444:
2437:
2430:
2423:
2416:
2409:
2402:
2393:
2384:
2377:
2370:
2363:
2356:
2349:
2342:
2335:
2328:
2321:
2314:
2307:
2300:
2291:
2284:
2277:
2270:
2263:
2256:
2247:
2238:
2231:
2224:
2217:
2209:
2201:
2194:
2187:
2178:
2171:
2164:
2157:
2153:Barreto Jimeno
2148:
2141:
2134:
2127:
2118:
2114:Mangkhanekhoun
2109:
2102:
2094:
2085:
2078:
2071:
2064:
2055:
2048:
2045:Porras Cardozo
2041:
2032:
2025:
2017:
2010:
2003:
1994:
1985:
1978:
1971:
1962:
1958:Blázquez Pérez
1953:
1946:
1939:
1932:
1925:
1916:
1907:
1898:
1891:
1884:
1877:
1870:
1861:
1854:
1845:
1836:
1829:
1820:
1813:
1806:
1798:
1791:
1784:
1777:
1768:
1759:
1750:
1743:
1736:
1727:
1718:
1711:
1704:
1697:
1690:
1681:
1674:
1667:
1658:
1649:
1640:
1633:
1624:
1615:
1606:
1597:
1588:
1579:
1572:
1565:
1558:
1549:
1540:
1531:
1522:
1513:
1506:
1499:
1490:
1483:
1474:
1465:
1458:
1451:
1444:
1437:
1429:
1420:
1411:
1402:
1393:
1384:
1375:
1368:
1359:
1350:
1341:
1332:
1322:
1315:
1308:
1299:
1290:
1281:
1274:
1267:
1258:
1251:
1244:
1235:
1226:
1217:
1208:
1199:
1195:Herranz Casado
1190:
1181:
1172:
1163:
1159:Errázuriz Ossa
1154:
1145:
1136:
1127:
1118:
1114:Rivera Carrera
1109:
1102:
1093:
1084:
1075:
1066:
1057:
1050:
1041:
1032:
1023:
1014:
1005:
996:
987:
978:
969:
959:
957:
951:
950:
948:
947:
940:
931:
924:
915:
908:
899:
891:
882:
873:
864:
855:
845:
843:
837:
836:
834:
833:
813:
812:
804:
801:
800:
795:
793:
792:
785:
778:
770:
764:
763:
758:
751:
750:External links
748:
747:
746:
735:
721:
711:
690:
683:
676:
665:
654:
648:
633:
622:
611:
600:
585:
579:
562:
559:
556:
555:
544:
535:
519:
497:
474:
435:
408:
384:
383:
381:
378:
377:
376:
371:
366:
358:
355:
313:
310:
267:Originally, a
253:titular church
248:
245:
208:
205:
133:
130:
36:church in Rome
32:titular church
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2889:
2878:
2875:
2874:
2872:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2844:
2835:
2832:
2823:
2822:
2818:
2814:
2809:
2805:
2802:
2798:
2797:
2795:
2790:
2789:
2785:
2780:
2777:
2773:
2768:
2767:
2764:
2757:
2756:
2751:
2748:
2747:
2742:
2739:
2735:
2732:
2728:
2725:
2721:
2718:
2714:
2711:
2707:
2704:
2700:
2697:
2696:
2691:
2688:
2687:
2682:
2678:
2677:Vérgez Alzaga
2674:
2671:
2667:
2664:
2660:
2657:
2656:
2651:
2648:
2647:
2642:
2639:
2638:
2633:
2630:
2626:
2623:
2619:
2616:
2612:
2609:
2608:
2603:
2600:
2596:
2593:
2589:
2586:
2582:
2579:
2578:
2573:
2570:
2566:
2563:
2562:
2557:
2554:
2553:
2548:
2545:
2544:
2539:
2536:
2532:
2529:
2525:
2522:
2518:
2515:
2514:
2509:
2508:
2506:
2504:
2500:
2493:
2492:
2487:
2484:
2480:
2477:
2473:
2470:
2466:
2463:
2459:
2456:
2452:
2449:
2445:
2442:
2438:
2435:
2431:
2428:
2424:
2421:
2417:
2414:
2410:
2407:
2403:
2400:
2399:
2394:
2391:
2390:
2385:
2382:
2378:
2375:
2371:
2368:
2364:
2361:
2357:
2354:
2350:
2347:
2343:
2340:
2336:
2333:
2329:
2326:
2322:
2319:
2315:
2312:
2308:
2305:
2301:
2298:
2297:
2292:
2289:
2285:
2282:
2278:
2275:
2271:
2268:
2264:
2261:
2257:
2254:
2253:
2248:
2245:
2244:
2239:
2236:
2232:
2229:
2225:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2199:
2195:
2192:
2188:
2185:
2184:
2179:
2176:
2172:
2169:
2165:
2162:
2158:
2155:
2154:
2149:
2146:
2142:
2139:
2135:
2132:
2128:
2125:
2124:
2119:
2116:
2115:
2110:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2098:Omella Omella
2095:
2092:
2091:
2086:
2083:
2079:
2076:
2072:
2069:
2065:
2062:
2061:
2056:
2053:
2049:
2046:
2042:
2039:
2038:
2033:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2015:
2011:
2008:
2004:
2001:
2000:
1995:
1992:
1991:
1986:
1983:
1979:
1976:
1975:Gomes Furtado
1972:
1969:
1968:
1963:
1960:
1959:
1954:
1951:
1947:
1944:
1940:
1937:
1933:
1930:
1926:
1923:
1922:
1917:
1914:
1913:
1908:
1905:
1904:
1899:
1896:
1892:
1889:
1885:
1882:
1878:
1875:
1871:
1868:
1867:
1862:
1859:
1855:
1852:
1851:
1846:
1843:
1842:
1837:
1834:
1830:
1827:
1826:
1821:
1818:
1814:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1796:
1792:
1789:
1785:
1782:
1778:
1775:
1774:
1769:
1766:
1765:
1764:Salazar Gómez
1760:
1757:
1756:
1751:
1748:
1744:
1741:
1737:
1734:
1733:
1728:
1725:
1724:
1719:
1716:
1712:
1709:
1705:
1702:
1698:
1695:
1691:
1688:
1687:
1682:
1679:
1675:
1672:
1668:
1665:
1664:
1659:
1656:
1655:
1650:
1647:
1646:
1641:
1638:
1634:
1631:
1630:
1629:Coccopalmerio
1625:
1622:
1621:
1616:
1613:
1612:
1607:
1604:
1603:
1598:
1595:
1594:
1589:
1586:
1585:
1580:
1577:
1573:
1570:
1566:
1563:
1559:
1556:
1555:
1550:
1547:
1546:
1541:
1538:
1537:
1532:
1529:
1528:
1523:
1520:
1519:
1514:
1511:
1507:
1504:
1500:
1497:
1496:
1491:
1488:
1484:
1481:
1480:
1475:
1472:
1471:
1466:
1463:
1459:
1456:
1452:
1449:
1445:
1442:
1441:Robles Ortega
1438:
1434:
1430:
1427:
1426:
1421:
1418:
1417:
1412:
1409:
1408:
1403:
1400:
1399:
1394:
1391:
1390:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1376:
1373:
1369:
1366:
1365:
1360:
1357:
1356:
1351:
1348:
1347:
1342:
1339:
1338:
1333:
1329:
1328:
1323:
1320:
1316:
1313:
1309:
1306:
1305:
1300:
1297:
1296:
1291:
1288:
1287:
1282:
1279:
1275:
1272:
1268:
1265:
1264:
1259:
1256:
1252:
1249:
1245:
1242:
1241:
1236:
1233:
1232:
1227:
1224:
1223:
1218:
1215:
1214:
1209:
1206:
1205:
1200:
1197:
1196:
1191:
1188:
1187:
1182:
1179:
1178:
1173:
1170:
1169:
1164:
1161:
1160:
1155:
1152:
1151:
1146:
1143:
1142:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1128:
1125:
1124:
1119:
1116:
1115:
1110:
1107:
1103:
1100:
1099:
1094:
1091:
1090:
1085:
1082:
1081:
1076:
1073:
1072:
1067:
1064:
1063:
1058:
1055:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1024:
1021:
1020:
1015:
1012:
1011:
1006:
1003:
1002:
997:
994:
993:
988:
985:
984:
979:
976:
975:
970:
967:
966:
961:
960:
958:
956:
952:
945:
941:
938:
937:
932:
929:
925:
922:
921:
916:
913:
909:
906:
905:
900:
896:
892:
889:
888:
883:
880:
879:
874:
871:
870:
865:
862:
861:
856:
853:
852:
847:
846:
844:
842:
838:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
814:
810:
806:
805:
802:
798:
791:
786:
784:
779:
777:
772:
771:
768:
762:
759:
757:
754:
753:
749:
744:
740:
736:
734:
730:
726:
722:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
691:
688:
684:
681:
677:
673:
672:
666:
662:
661:
655:
651:
645:
641:
640:
634:
630:
629:
623:
619:
618:
612:
608:
607:
601:
597:
593:
592:
586:
582:
576:
572:
571:
565:
564:
560:
553:
548:
545:
539:
536:
532:
530:
523:
520:
517:
515:
508:
506:
504:
502:
498:
493:
492:
486:
478:
475:
462:
458:
457:
452:
446:
444:
442:
440:
436:
431:
427:
423:
419:
412:
409:
404:
403:
397:
389:
386:
379:
375:
372:
370:
367:
364:
361:
360:
356:
354:
351:
347:
343:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
319:
311:
309:
307:
302:
300:
296:
295:for this turn
292:
287:
285:
280:
278:
277:Pope Adrian I
274:
270:
265:
262:
258:
254:
246:
244:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
217:
214:
206:
204:
200:
198:
194:
189:
187:
186:
180:
178:
174:
170:
166:
161:
160:
153:
152:
148:—also called
147:
143:
139:
131:
129:
127:
126:
121:
120:
115:
110:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
63:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
29:
22:
2800:
2775:
2753:
2744:
2693:
2684:
2653:
2646:Cantalamessa
2644:
2635:
2605:
2585:Ayuso Guixot
2577:Bocos Merino
2575:
2559:
2550:
2541:
2511:
2489:
2396:
2387:
2294:
2250:
2241:
2235:López Romero
2183:Ticona Porco
2181:
2151:
2145:Santos Marto
2121:
2112:
2088:
2068:Aguiar Retes
2058:
2035:
2014:Osoro Sierra
1997:
1988:
1965:
1956:
1936:Kovithavanij
1919:
1910:
1901:
1864:
1848:
1839:
1823:
1771:
1762:
1753:
1730:
1721:
1684:
1661:
1652:
1643:
1627:
1618:
1609:
1600:
1591:
1582:
1552:
1543:
1534:
1525:
1516:
1493:
1477:
1468:
1423:
1414:
1405:
1396:
1387:
1378:
1362:
1353:
1344:
1335:
1325:
1302:
1293:
1284:
1261:
1238:
1229:
1220:
1211:
1202:
1193:
1184:
1175:
1166:
1157:
1148:
1139:
1130:
1121:
1112:
1096:
1089:Rouco Varela
1087:
1078:
1069:
1060:
1044:
1035:
1028:Darmaatmadja
1026:
1017:
1008:
999:
990:
981:
972:
963:
934:
918:
902:
885:
876:
867:
858:
849:
826:Pope Francis
742:
724:
719:(in Italian)
714:
698:
694:
686:
679:
670:
659:
638:
627:
616:
605:
590:
569:
561:Bibliography
547:
538:
528:
527:Athanasius,
522:
513:
489:
477:
465:. Retrieved
454:
421:
411:
400:
388:
344:
321:
303:
299:pro hac vice
298:
294:
291:pro hac vice
290:
288:
281:
268:
266:
256:
252:
250:
220:
218:
210:
201:
190:
183:
181:
172:
149:
141:
135:
125:in commendam
123:
119:pro hac vice
117:
111:
64:
31:
25:
2243:Tamkevičius
2161:Tsarahazana
2123:Rosa Chávez
2007:Nzapalainga
1921:Suárez Inda
1584:Brandmüller
1407:Vingt-Trois
1222:Zubeir Wako
701:: 129–214.
467:16 February
424:: 333–350.
284:Roman Curia
169:Roman villa
136:Before the
97:title of a
2792:See also:
2607:Fitzgerald
2406:Pizzaballa
2131:De Donatis
2106:Arborelius
1943:Montenegro
1903:Menichelli
1888:Souraphiel
1773:Baldisseri
1747:Thottunkal
1671:Alencherry
974:Nascimento
380:References
346:Patriarchs
257:deaconries
177:Athanasius
159:Aemilianae
114:consistory
103:Patriarchs
2746:Marchetto
2724:Tscherrig
2717:Fernández
2710:Gugerotti
2686:Ghirlanda
2569:Krajewski
2281:Aós Braco
2274:Advincula
2252:Dal Corso
2213:Hollerich
2168:Petrocchi
2037:D'Rozario
1858:Ouédraogo
1755:Onaiyekan
1495:Monterisi
1240:Antonelli
1106:Schönborn
1080:De Giorgi
965:Kitbunchu
818:Cardinals
689:, vol. 3.
306:cardinals
261:diaconiae
197:cardinals
2871:Category
2831:Category
2629:Gambetti
2622:Semeraro
2592:Mendonça
2521:Mamberti
2476:Bustillo
2455:Rugambwa
2427:Aparicio
2311:Okpaleke
2288:Lojudice
2260:Kambanda
2052:De Kesel
1990:Villalba
1881:Clemente
1874:Langlois
1825:Bassetti
1817:Tempesta
1663:Versaldi
1654:Calcagno
1620:Bertello
1518:Piacenza
1416:Bagnasco
1364:Comastri
1327:O'Malley
1271:Barbarin
1071:Stafford
707:27830076
695:Traditio
461:Archived
357:See also
269:deaconry
157:Titulus
146:churches
83:diaconia
44:cardinal
2794:Titular
2776:italics
2703:Prevost
2535:Farrell
2513:Martino
2491:Sánchez
2462:Francis
2413:Brislin
2381:Marengo
2346:Cantoni
2332:McElroy
2318:Steiner
2304:Aveline
2267:Gregory
1866:Quevedo
1802:Lacroix
1788:Nichols
1732:Mureșan
1678:Collins
1645:O'Brien
1455:Scherer
1448:DiNardo
1433:Gracias
1337:Dziwisz
1304:Rosales
1295:Vallini
1255:Bozanić
1248:Turkson
983:Poupard
904:Ouellet
895:Parolin
878:Bertone
820:of the
132:History
71:titulus
26:In the
2738:Artime
2731:Pierre
2695:Frezza
2655:Feroci
2637:Tomasi
2599:Czerny
2561:Becciu
2543:Simoni
2528:Zenari
2483:Aguiar
2398:Miglio
2325:Ferrão
2138:Coutts
2029:Cupich
1781:Müller
1740:Harvey
1715:Woelki
1701:Betori
1611:Vegliò
1527:Ravasi
1470:Karlic
1380:Farina
1355:Lajolo
1312:Ricard
1231:Rigali
1213:Okogie
1168:Napier
1150:Bačkis
1141:Kasper
1123:Pujats
1054:Puljić
1037:Wamala
1010:Mahony
992:Wetter
920:Stella
912:Filoni
869:Arinze
860:Sandri
824:under
731:
705:
646:
577:
221:tituli
142:tituli
95:vacant
56:bishop
54:, the
40:clergy
2843:Media
2663:Roche
2615:Grech
2441:Mulla
2420:Rossi
2360:Costa
2353:Poola
2339:Silva
2228:Zuppi
2175:Maeda
2090:Zerbo
2082:Tobin
2075:Ribat
2021:Rocha
1999:Langa
1810:Kutwa
1708:Dolan
1554:Assis
1545:Wuerl
1536:Romeo
1503:Burke
1487:Sarah
1479:Amato
1389:Brady
1372:Ryłko
1204:Scola
1098:Pengo
1046:Maida
1019:Ruini
928:Tagle
703:JSTOR
340:Ostia
67:Latin
34:is a
2679:(CC)
2469:Chow
2448:Cano
2215:(CC)
2207:(CC)
2100:(CC)
2060:Piat
2023:(CC)
1982:Mafi
1912:Nhơn
1841:Yeom
1833:Poli
1804:(CC)
1723:Tong
1694:Eijk
1686:Duka
1637:Aviz
1576:Marx
1562:Nycz
1510:Koch
1462:Njue
1435:(CC)
1425:Sarr
1330:(CC)
1286:Rodé
1278:Erdő
1132:Sepe
944:Sako
897:(CC)
729:ISBN
644:ISBN
575:ISBN
531:, 20
516:1912
469:2018
322:The
140:the
52:pope
30:, a
2774:in
2755:Dri
2670:You
2434:Ryś
2367:Goh
1895:Dew
1346:Zen
1263:Mẫn
936:Raï
828:in
596:325
426:doi
348:of
175:of
105:of
2873::
1929:Bo
851:Re
697:.
500:^
453:.
438:^
420:.
342:.
308:.
69::
789:e
782:t
775:v
709:.
699:3
652:.
598:.
583:.
533:.
471:.
432:.
428::
293:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.