35:
206:" in 1846 and he and his mother were forced to take refuge in nearby Fort Armstrong. The principal of Lovedale, the Revd William Govan, decided to return home to Scotland and offered to pay the way for Soga to come with him and seek higher education. Nosuthu agreed to let her son go. Not knowing if she would ever see him again, she said: "my son belongs to God; wherever he goes God is with him…he is as much in God's care in Scotland as he is here with me".
323:'s "Great Hymn" to music. Ntsikana, a Xhosa chief, is remembered as the first important African convert to Christianity. Around 1815, Ntsikana started the first African Christian organization and went on to write four poetic hymns. His "Great Hymn" extols God as creator and redeemer, and still appears with Soga's music in modern hymnbooks.
307:" and that you inherit some African blood. It is every whit as good and as pure as that which flows in the veins of my fairer brethren…you will ever cherish the memory of your mother as that of an upright, conscientious, thrifty, Christian Scots woman. You will ever be thankful for your connection by this tie with the white race".
221:. Because of its identification with the colonial authorities Uniondale mission was burnt to the ground by those at war with the colonial powers. Soga was almost killed in the incident and refused to side with the chief leading the war or to accept the position of translator offered him by the colonial government.
357:
This hymn was sung long after Soga's death, to open the first meeting of the South
African Native National Congress in 1912. "Fulfill Your Promise" may also have inspired the African National Congress anthem, "God Bless Africa". Soga wrote the hymn in July 1857, when he returned to Africa. The last
302:
At the end of his short life Soga was sent to open a new mission station in Tutuka (Somerville) in Kreli's country and the difficult work further deteriorated his health. It was the desire of Soga that his children be educated in
Scotland and before his death instructed his sons, "For your own sakes
310:
Soga died of tuberculosis in August 1871. He died in the arms of fellow missionary
Richard Ross with his mother, Nosuthu, by his side. He is considered by many to be the first major modern African intellectual and was among the first Christian leaders to assert the right of black Africans to have
209:
Soga attended the Normal School in
Glasgow, Scotland and was "adopted" by the John Street United Presbyterian Church. During his stay in Scotland Soga made a formal profession of Christian faith and was baptized in May 1848. During his time in Scotland Soga developed a sympathetic perspective for
224:
Soga decided to pursue further theological education and accompanied Rev. Niven back to
Scotland where he enrolled at the Theological Hall, Glasgow so that he might "learn better how to preach Christ as my known Saviour to my countrymen who know Him not". On 10 December 1856 Tiyo Soga became the
240:
In 1857 Soga returned to the
Eastern Cape with his wife where they eventually founded the Emgwali Mission where Soga worked among his native Ngqika people. During their years in Emgwali the Soga's had eight children, one of whom was stillborn. Two of their sons – William Anderson Soga and John
241:
Henderson Soga – followed their father and were ordained as ministers and missionaries, and two of their daughters – Isabella McFarlane Soga and
Francis Maria Anna Soga – were employed as teachers in mission. Kirkland Allan Soga, studied law at University of Glasgow and became the first black
195:, on the grounds that she wanted her son to be raised a Christian and receive formal education. Nosuthu's request was granted and she took Soga to the Thyume Mission. As a child in Thyume, Soga attended the school of the Revd John A. Chalmers.
640:. Dictionary of African Christian Biography (DACB) This article is reproduced, with permission, from Malihambe – Let the Word Spread, copyright © 1999, by J. A. Millard, Unisa Press, Pretoria, South Africa. All rights reserved. Archived from
233:, a Scotswoman who was "a most honourable, thrifty, frugal, and devoted woman who marched heroically and faithfully by her husband's side through all the chequered scenes of his short life". Throughout his life Soga faced racism as a "
213:
After two years in
Scotland, Soga returned to the Eastern Cape to work as an evangelist and teacher in Thyume. Soga was asked by the Rev. Robert Niven to help establish a new mission station in the
281:. Janet Soga returned to England for the births of all her children. Tiyo Soga suffered from poor health and it was during one of these bouts of sickness that he used his time to translate
237:" and was treated as a second-class citizen by many whites in Africa. Soga also faced opposition from black Africans, some of whom thought of him as trying to become a "black Englishman".
326:
Although
Ntisikana died before Soga's birth, Soga was clearly influenced by his predecessor's poetry and example. Soga's tribute to Ntsikana includes the lines:
844:
819:
814:
714:
Wentzel, Jennifer (Spring 2005). "Voices of
Spectral and Textual Ancestors: Reading Tiyo Soga alongside H. I. E. Dhlomo's The Girl Who Killed to Save".
353:
The character of Soga himself appears at the end of the play, heralded by other characters singing another of Soga's hymns, "Fulfill Your Promise."
274:
191:
Soga was Xhosa. When his mother Nosuthu became a Christian she sought and received release from her marriage to Jotello, a head advisor of Chief
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601:
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34:
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has been called "the most important literary influence in 19th century South Africa after the Bible." He also worked to translate the
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637:
517:
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Soga's "Bell Hymn", used to call worshippers together, is also based on a Ntisikana poem. African poet and playwright
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202:
Missionary Institution located 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) from Thyume. Soga's education was interrupted by the "
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230:
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both the white and black races and his unique racial perspective remained with him for the rest of his life.
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545:"Family Trees: Roots and Branches – The Dynasty and Legacy of the Reverend Tiyo Soga"
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165:. Soga was the first black South African to be ordained, and worked to translate the
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Xhosa journalist, minister, translator, missionary evangelist, and composer of hymns
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447:
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Journalist, minister, translator, missionary evangelist, and composer of hymns
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One of Soga's hymns exemplifies his Xhosa heritage by setting the words of
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in South Africa. The youngest daughter born just a year before Soga died,
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735:
665:"Tiyo Soga (1829–1871) at the intersection of 'universes in collision'"
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and served on the advisory board to revise the Xhosa Bible.
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The journal and selected writings of the Reverend Tiyo Soga
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In 1844 at the age of 15 Soga received a scholarship to
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510:
508:
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verse of "Fulfill Your Promise" may be translated as:
763:"Music of the play as means to bring the past alive"
520:. South African Presidential Website. Archived from
348:
The Girl Who Killed to Save: Nongqause the Liberator
277:
of the Royal College of Music, London and a leading
757:
755:
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From Kaffir Kraal to Pulpit: The Story of Tiyo Soga
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To preach to thy dark countrymen beneath yon tree'?
217:and he faithfully planted the Uniondale Mission in
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118:
110:
102:
92:
82:
59:
44:
25:
452:Dictionary of African Christian Biography (DACB)
225:first black South African to be ordained in the
149:(1829 – 12 August 1871) was a Xhosa journalist,
494:Tiyo Soga: a page of South African Mission Work
331:What "thing" Ntsikana, was't that prompted thee
229:. Two months after his ordination Soga married
337:Whil'st thou lay dormant in thy cattle kraal?
303:never appear ashamed that your father was a "
8:
669:HTS Teologiese Studies / Theological Studies
474:Annals of the Grahamstown Historical Society
442:
440:
438:
436:
434:
632:
630:
33:
22:
690:
680:
472:McGregor, A. (1978). "Missionary women".
350:incorporates the music of the Bell Hymn.
335:What sacred vision did the mind enthral,
380:
291:. Soga's translation and adaptation of
722:(1). Indiana University Press: 51–73.
7:
845:Recipients of the Order of Ikhamanga
287:(U-Hambo Iom-Hambi) into his native
114:Janet Soga, née Burnside (1857–1871)
820:Alumni of the University of Glasgow
815:19th-century Presbyterian ministers
765:. Universität Wien. Archived from
414:"Tiyo Soga | South African author"
14:
269:soloist and teacher studying in
249:involved in the founding of the
716:Research in African Literatures
369:That we may restore goodness.
1:
549:Studies in World Christianity
392:"Missionaries, South Africa"
161:evangelist, and composer of
840:South African Presbyterians
861:
663:Duncan, Graham A. (2018).
491:Chalmers, John A. (1878).
365:The teachings of our land;
227:United Presbyterian Church
830:South African journalists
810:19th-century male writers
623:. London: S.W. Partridge.
606:– via A.A. Balkema.
251:African National Congress
32:
805:19th-century journalists
418:Encyclopedia Britannica
245:in South Africa, and a
122:7 surviving, including
682:10.4102/hts.v74i1.4862
617:Cousins, H.T. (1899).
543:Davis, Joanne (2015).
372:
340:
311:freedom and equality.
728:10.1353/ral.2005.0022
561:10.3366/swc.2015.0103
360:
355:Lizalis' idinga lakho
328:
253:. His fourth son was
97:University of Glasgow
524:on 29 September 2011
263:Jessie Margaret Soga
255:Jotello Festiri Soga
128:Jessie Margaret Soga
124:Jotello Festiri Soga
582:Tiyo Soga (1983).
293:Pilgrim's Progress
284:Pilgrim's Progress
259:veterinary surgeon
257:, the first black
176:Pilgrim's Progress
138:Order of Ikhamanga
603:978-0-86961-148-7
594:Rhodes University
394:. Genealogy World
297:Christian gospels
265:became a classic
215:Amatole Mountains
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67:(aged 41–42)
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825:Male journalists
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367:Please revive us
315:Hymns and poetry
179:into his native
173:'s classic work
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769:on 25 July 2011
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93:Alma mater
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77:, Xhosa Kingdom
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289:Xhosa language
231:Janet Burnside
204:War of the Axe
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63:12 August 1871
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771:. Retrieved
767:the original
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646:. Retrieved
642:the original
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612:
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555:(1): 20–37.
552:
548:
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526:. Retrieved
522:the original
518:"Soga, Tiyo"
501:: James Hay.
493:
486:
477:
473:
467:
455:. Retrieved
451:
448:"Soga, Tiyo"
423:17 September
421:. Retrieved
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396:. Retrieved
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65:(1871-08-12)
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800:1871 deaths
795:1829 births
590:Grahamstown
499:Grahamstown
171:John Bunyan
83:Nationality
789:Categories
692:2263/65097
638:"Ntsikana"
375:References
279:suffragist
275:licenciate
247:politician
187:Background
159:missionary
155:translator
39:Tiyo Soga.
744:161946313
701:2072-8050
569:1354-9901
480:(4): 180.
267:contralto
147:Tiyo Soga
111:Spouse(s)
27:Tiyo Soga
773:14 March
648:14 March
528:14 March
457:14 March
398:15 March
346:'s play
321:Ntsikana
200:Lovedale
151:minister
119:Children
736:3821319
140:in Gold
73:, near
50: (
742:
734:
699:
600:
567:
305:Kaffir
273:and a
243:lawyer
235:Kaffir
193:Ngqika
134:Awards
71:Tutura
740:S2CID
732:JSTOR
675:(1).
271:Milan
167:Bible
163:hymns
87:Xhosa
75:Gcuwa
775:2011
697:ISSN
650:2011
598:ISBN
565:ISSN
530:2011
459:2011
425:2019
400:2011
169:and
126:and
60:Died
52:1829
48:1829
45:Born
724:doi
687:hdl
677:doi
557:doi
791::
752:^
738:.
730:.
720:36
718:.
695:.
685:.
673:74
671:.
667:.
629:^
592::
588:.
563:.
553:21
551:.
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507:^
476:.
450:.
433:^
416:.
383:^
183:.
157:,
153:,
777:.
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726::
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689::
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571:.
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478:2
461:.
427:.
402:.
54:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
