68:
795:, one of Lord Aldington's former companies, used this information to further his own cause, printing 10,000 leaflets about Aldington's role in the matter and circulating them to politicians and other figures. Tolstoy avoided paying the damages by declaring himself bankrupt, although shortly after Aldington's death he paid £57,000 in costs to Aldington's estate.
817:
In its judgment yesterday in the case of Count
Nikolai Tolstoy, the European Court of Human Rights ruled against Britain in important respects, finding that the award of £1.5 million levelled against the Count by a jury in 1989 amounted to a violation of his freedom of expression. Parliament will
837:
parties to the case, and thereby jointly liable with
Tolstoy for any costs or damages awarded to Aldington. This order was combined with a requirement that Tolstoy underwrite the cost of Aldington's defence to obtain leave to appeal.
826:, who had suppressed crucial documentation, but Tolstoy and Watts were refused Leave to Appeal on the basis of those findings. Nigel Watts was jailed for 18 months in April 1995, after repeating the libel that Aldington was a
2098:
2108:
2033:
468:, the forced repatriation of Russian, Ukrainian and other prisoners of war who'd collaborated with the Nazis to the Soviet Union where many of them were executed or sent to labor camps. After he was accused of
2053:
2013:
2038:
413:
295:
37:
802:
decided unanimously that the
British Government had violated Tolstoy's rights in respect of Article 10 of the Convention on Human Rights, describing the damages as "excessive and not
2008:
2003:
1296:
2093:
1998:
612:, of Bispham in the County Borough of Blackpool, and increased his business interests, serving as the chairman of several companies. He had been a director of the
2043:
2028:
1993:
1219:
578:
420:
385:
151:
41:
1001:
830:
in a pamphlet. The sentence was reduced to nine months on appeal. In June 1995, Watts was released from prison after issuing a public apology to
Aldington.
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This decision referred only to the amount of the damages awarded against him and did not overturn the judgement in the libel action.
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In 1996 the Court of Appeal upheld an order
Aldington had obtained that made the lawyers acting for Tolstoy
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on nationalised industry. In 1959, he became deputy
Conservative Party chairman. In 1962 he was created
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Subsequently, allegations were made that
Aldington had been materially assisted by friends at the
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In 1989 Lord
Aldington initiated and won a record £1.5 million (plus £500,000 costs) in a
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in 1986) about the alleged complicity of
British politicians and officers with
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Aldington married
Felicité Ann Araminta MacMichael (died 2012), a daughter of
643:, of the joint special committee on the ports industry. He became chairman of
272:
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in the British Army in 1944, when he became Brigadier General Staff (BGS) of
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In 1999, when hereditary peers were excluded from the House of Lords by the
504:
499:(where he later became Warden, i.e. chairman of the governing body), and at
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709:(Curator of the Print Room at Windsor Castle and Royal Librarian; married
834:
1132:"Floods of Queensferry Ltd v Shand Construction Ltd (YAWS version 34.1)"
1108:
The Holocaust on Trial: History, Justice and the David Irving Libel Case
518:), a famous London Territorial Infantry Regiment, in 1934 and served in
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politician and businessman. He was however best known for his role in
689:, of Bispham in the County of Lancashire, so that he could remain.
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In 1964, Lord Aldington became Chairman of the bank as well as of
531:
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1002:"The Story of forced repatriation of Slovenes After World War II"
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in the late 1980s, he successfully sued his accusers for libel.
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Toby Austin Richard William Low, 1st Baron Aldington, Baron Low
784:, Croatian paramilitaries and collaborationist fugitives from
628:
818:
find the implications of this decision difficult to ignore.
2109:
Hereditary peers removed under the House of Lords Act 1999
2034:
Knights Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George
681:, as a hereditary peer of first creation he was granted a
296:
Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George
788:, as well as 11,000 Slovenian anti-communist fighters.
2099:
Ministers in the third Churchill government, 1951–1955
2014:
Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
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He was the son of Colonel Stuart Low, the Chairman of
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Recipients of the Croix de Guerre 1939–1945 (France)
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573:Low stood for Parliament as a Conservative in the
713:), and Lucy Ann Anthea (married Alasdair Laing).
631:general advisory council, and became chairman of
620:, in 1946, following his father and grandfather.
604:In 1957, he was knighted and became chair of the
791:Nigel Watts, who was in a business dispute with
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2009:Companions of the Distinguished Service Order
2004:Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
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8:
1062:"Tolstoy pays £57,000 to Aldington's estate"
386:Commander of the Order of the British Empire
921:"Stuart Low on Henry Stanley casualty list"
658:. He continued political activities in the
141:16 November 1999 – 7 December 2000
103:29 January 1962 – 11 November 1999
1297:
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1201:
452:(25 May 1914 – 7 December 2000), known as
66:
20:
2094:Hereditary barons created by Elizabeth II
1956:Family tree of the Atkin and Low families
740:in Austria during his involvement in the
654:and supported British involvement in the
491:in 1942, and Lucy Atkin, daughter of the
287:Businessman, politician, and Army officer
736:and Nigel Watts, who had accused him of
550:, commanded first by Lieutenant-General
503:where he studied law. He qualified as a
1999:British Army brigadiers of World War II
1171:contributions in Parliament by Toby Low
847:
639:. In 1972, he became co-chairman, with
456:until he added "Toby" as a forename by
1029:
1027:
1025:
662:, including as chairman of the Lords'
164:5 July 1945 – 29 January 1962
2044:People educated at Winchester College
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756:. Tolstoy had written several books (
7:
1060:Alleyne, Richard (9 December 2000).
701:, on 10 April 1947. They had a son,
1994:20th-century British businesspeople
1110:. London: Granta. pp. 269–71.
946:"Casualty details: Col. Stuart Low"
484:, who was killed in the sinking of
2104:Life peers created by Elizabeth II
2019:Conservative Party (UK) life peers
1138:. 21 February 2004. Archived from
1079:Harpwood, V. H. (3 October 2005).
976:. 19 November 1999. p. 12349.
664:select committee on overseas trade
16:British politician and businessman
14:
2059:Commanders of the Legion of Merit
2029:King's Royal Rifle Corps officers
804:necessary in a democratic society
716:Lady Aldington was Patron of the
562:in 1941, made a Commander of the
2089:UK MPs who were granted peerages
1206:Parliament of the United Kingdom
703:Charles Low, 2nd Baron Aldington
650:Lord Aldington was considered a
266:Charles Low, 2nd Baron Aldington
554:and then by Lieutenant-General
460:on 10 July 1957, was a British
2049:People from Bispham, Blackpool
800:European Court of Human Rights
769:The Minister and the Massacres
1:
1984:Alumni of New College, Oxford
1244:Peerage of the United Kingdom
864:. 16 July 1957. p. 4265.
80:Member of the House of Lords
895:"Lord Aldington (obituary)"
776:'s forces in the murder of
560:Distinguished Service Order
390:Distinguished Service Order
2125:
2024:Deputy lieutenants of Kent
1106:Guttenplan, David (2002).
558:. He was appointed to the
454:Austin Richard William Low
206:Austin Richard William Low
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1041:. London. 9 December 2000
780:exiles from Soviet Rule,
627:. In 1971, he joined the
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131:
96:
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65:
1621:Harold Alfred MacMichael
1189:Generals of World War II
742:Repatriation of Cossacks
637:Port of London Authority
542:, becoming the youngest
516:King's Royal Rifle Corps
339:King's Royal Rifle Corps
255:James Atkin, Baron Atkin
679:House of Lords Act 1999
652:One Nation Conservative
583:Parliamentary Secretary
364:Western Desert campaign
1485:Lucy Elizabeth Hemmant
990:. Jacob Sheep Society.
820:
597:from 1954, becoming a
577:, and won the seat of
394:Territorial Decoration
219:London, United Kingdom
1379:Lucy Elizabeth Ground
705:, and two daughters,
699:Sir Harold MacMichael
575:1945 general election
566:(US) and awarded the
495:. He was educated at
1351:Robert Travers Atkin
147:Member of Parliament
99:as a hereditary peer
29:The Right Honourable
1893:Hugh Ashley Roberts
1761:Araminta MacMichael
1751:Richard William Low
1359:Mary Elizabeth Ruck
1082:Modern Tort Law 6/e
824:Ministry of Defence
764:Stalin's Secret War
718:Jacob Sheep Society
501:New College, Oxford
278:New College, Oxford
1499:Mary Stephanie Jay
1236:Norman Miscampbell
1142:on 28 January 2002
973:The London Gazette
861:The London Gazette
798:In July 1995, the
752:at the end of the
750:Operation Keelhaul
707:Jane, Lady Roberts
587:Ministry of Supply
497:Winchester College
466:Operation Keelhaul
462:Conservative Party
187:Norman Miscampbell
33:The Lord Aldington
1961:
1960:
1940:
1939:
1273:
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1264:Succeeded by
1233:Succeeded by
901:. 8 December 2000
668:Deputy Lieutenant
616:banking company,
591:Minister of State
556:Charles Keightley
403:
402:
369:Tunisian campaign
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2084:UK MPs 1959–1964
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1989:Barons Aldington
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1035:"Lord Aldington"
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1018:on 2 April 2012.
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666:. He was also a
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581:. He served as
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1251:New creation
1250:
1217:
1212:
1194:
1182:The Guardian
1181:
1176:Life peerage
1164:
1144:. Retrieved
1140:the original
1135:
1126:
1107:
1101:
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1074:
1065:
1055:
1043:. Retrieved
1039:The Guardian
1038:
1013:the original
1008:
996:
982:
971:
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950:. Retrieved
940:
928:. Retrieved
924:
915:
903:. Retrieved
898:
859:
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832:
828:war criminal
821:
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793:Sun Alliance
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763:
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727:
715:
696:
686:
683:life peerage
676:
649:
633:Sun-Alliance
622:
609:
603:
589:1951–54 and
572:
538:, Italy and
520:World War II
509:
487:
479:
453:
408:
404:
345:Battles/wars
319:British Army
245:Conservative
230:(2000-12-07)
182:Succeeded by
174:
159:
133:
121:Succeeded by
113:
98:
87:
18:
1979:2000 deaths
1974:1914 births
1896:(born 1948)
1887:(1949–2021)
1872:(born 1948)
1763:(1920–2012)
1754:(1914–2000)
1633:(1888–1974)
1624:(1882–1969)
1613:(1888–1942)
1606:(1894–1957)
1501:(1860–1937)
1494:(1862–1956)
1487:(1867–1939)
1480:(1867–1944)
1477:James Atkin
1381:(1843–1897)
1374:(1837–1916)
1361:(1842–1920)
1354:(1841–1872)
1267:Charles Low
1169:1803–2005:
968:"No. 55672"
856:"No. 41128"
813:commented:
522:in Greece,
512:the Rangers
216:25 May 1914
170:Preceded by
109:Preceded by
1968:Categories
1869:Stuart Low
1611:Stuart Low
1492:Austin Low
1261:1962–2000
1009:ithaca.edu
905:16 January
842:References
748:, part of
738:war crimes
724:Libel case
641:Jack Jones
510:He joined
493:Lord Atkin
470:war crimes
307:Allegiance
284:Occupation
273:Alma mater
212:1914-05-25
925:uboat.net
811:The Times
766:in 1981,
762:in 1977,
687:Baron Low
647:in 1977.
544:brigadier
507:in 1939.
505:barrister
458:deed poll
406:Brigadier
329:Brigadier
251:Relations
160:In office
136:life peer
26:Brigadier
1197:obituary
1184:obituary
1146:25 April
952:23 March
930:23 March
835:pro bono
782:Cossacks
645:Westland
635:and the
262:Children
1166:Hansard
593:at the
585:at the
548:V Corps
540:Austria
536:Tunisia
1948:Notes:
1114:
1089:
1045:25 May
948:. CWGC
774:Stalin
693:Family
1016:(PDF)
1005:(PDF)
746:Lienz
730:libel
532:Libya
528:Egypt
524:Crete
447:
445:,
440:
438:,
433:
431:,
426:
424:,
419:
417:,
134:as a
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
1229:1962
1225:1945
1148:2018
1112:ISBN
1087:ISBN
1047:2010
954:2021
932:2021
907:2015
786:Tito
672:Kent
670:for
476:Life
414:KCMG
335:Unit
325:Rank
225:Died
202:Born
150:for
38:KCMG
806:".
744:at
685:as
629:BBC
625:GEC
486:MV
428:DSO
421:CBE
46:DSO
42:CBE
1970::
1134:.
1064:.
1037:.
1024:^
1007:.
970:.
923:.
897:.
870:^
858:.
720:.
674:.
601:.
570:.
534:,
530:,
526:,
449:DL
442:PC
435:TD
411:,
58:DL
54:PC
50:TD
1298:e
1291:t
1284:v
1227:–
1150:.
1120:.
1095:.
1068:.
1049:.
956:.
934:.
909:.
514:(
214:)
210:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
