71:
58:
1014:
44:
1002:
924:
Fruits of Schima (Theaceae) and seeds of
Toddalia (Rutaceae) from the Miocene of Yunnan Province, China by Ya Li, Jian Yang, Nilamber Awasthi and Cheng-Sen Li in Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 193:119–127 · June
689:
Appelhans, Marc S.; Bayly, Michael J.; Heslewood, Margaret M.; Groppo, Milton; Verboom, G. Anthony; Forster, Paul I.; Kallunki, Jacquelyn A. & Duretto, Marco F. (2021). "A new subfamily classification of the
490:
stems that climb on trees, reaching up to 10 m in length. It has shiny green citrus-scented leaves, yellow-green flowers, and orange fruits about half a cm wide that taste like
1431:
1191:
1204:
1006:
1333:
1139:
1346:
1152:
771:
762:
1018:
1436:
891:
868:
Ethnobotanical survey and threats to medicinal plants traditionally used for the management of human diseases in Nyeri County, Kenya
591:. The fossil seeds are boat-shaped with tegmen that is composed of thin-walled cells with fine criss-crossed spiral lignifications.
635:
in the laboratory. The harvest of this slow-growing plant from the wild for medicinal use may cause its populations to decline.
1359:
1178:
866:
Kamau, Loice Njeri and Peter Mathiu Mbaabu and James Mucunu Mbaria and Peter Karuri
Gathumbi and Stephen Gitahi Kiama (2016). "
632:
767:
580:
487:
70:
1372:
1243:
1209:
1377:
1248:
1126:
798:"Diversity and Utilization of antimalarial ethnophytotherapeutic remedies among the Kikuyus (Central Kenya)"
1113:
1030:
1230:
1131:
1118:
660:
187:
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1157:
1426:
1087:
495:
1398:
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209:
65:
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1320:
1217:
1196:
887:
829:
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819:
809:
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703:
584:
506:
It is native to many countries in Africa and Asia. Examples include South Africa where in
108:
952:
1068:
824:
797:
628:
515:
494:. The seeds are dispersed by birds and monkeys that eat the fruits. In particular, the
95:
1420:
741:
604:
523:
57:
1403:
1325:
1274:
879:
491:
1312:
1079:
1301:
1053:
908:
1165:
1062:
466:
164:
43:
1013:
552:. The destruction of forest habitat in Africa threatens the species' survival.
624:
144:
638:
Protocols for domestication or propagation of the tree are being researched.
1100:
913:
in the Lake
Victoria basin: soil characteristics and seedling establishment.
616:
600:
507:
1390:
1261:
833:
1001:
814:
1385:
1295:
1256:
1047:
620:
549:
449:
154:
121:
718:
17:
1338:
1144:
967:
Oketch-Rabah, H. A., et al. (2000). A new antiplasmodial coumarin from
608:
576:
1170:
708:
938:(L) Lam. (Rutaceae) in traditional medicine practice in East Africa.
867:
560:
134:
1024:
1364:
1183:
1105:
984:
Lu, S. Y., et al. (2005). Identification of antiviral activity of
612:
588:
545:
483:
82:
1092:
1028:
953:
Plant use of the Maasai of
Sekenani Valley, Maasai Mara, Kenya.
694:
family (Rutaceae) based on six nuclear and plastid markers".
530:, Mauritius, where it is known as patte poule or properly
886:, v. III, p. 1340. London and New York: Academic Press.
915:
African Crop
Science Conference Proceedings Volume 8.
1285:
1037:
627:activity. Extracts of the plant have demonstrated
655:
653:
651:
458:, it was the only species in the monotypic genus
8:
1432:Plants used in traditional African medicine
909:Characterization of the natural habitat of
1025:
56:
42:
31:
823:
813:
802:Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine
717:
707:
579:of Nanlin Formation in Longchuan Basin,
934:Orwa, J. A., et al. (2008). The use of
856:. Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 421.
772:United States Department of Agriculture
763:Germplasm Resources Information Network
647:
603:by many African peoples, including the
526:of Central Kenya, where it is known as
903:
901:
899:
216:
7:
737:
735:
733:
731:
729:
448:is a species of plant in the family
665:(L.) Appelhans, Groppo & J.Wen"
470:. It is known by the English name
203:(L.) Appelhans, Groppo & J.Wen
25:
1378:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:784060-1
1249:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:329424-2
1012:
1000:
988:against influenza type A virus.
951:Bussmann, R. W., et al. (2006).
498:prefers to nest in these trees.
69:
884:The Southern Kikuyu before 1903
1:
768:Agricultural Research Service
940:Journal of Ethnopharmacology
907:Nabwami, J., et al. (2007).
671:. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
581:Dehong Autonomous Prefecture
1437:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
522:. It is very popular among
1453:
990:Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi.
669:Plants of the World Online
854:Kikuyu-English dictionary
571:) have been described as
215:
208:
193:
186:
66:Scientific classification
64:
55:
50:
41:
34:
407:Zanthoxylum floribundum
383:Toddalia schmidelioides
531:
243:Cranzia schmidelioides
1231:Paleobiology Database
1019:Zanthoxylum asiaticum
1007:Zanthoxylum asiaticum
815:10.1186/1746-4269-2-8
663:Zanthoxylum asiaticum
544:It grows in forested
445:Zanthoxylum asiaticum
315:Toddalia angustifolia
275:Scopolia angustifolia
267:Rubentia angustifolia
197:Zanthoxylum asiaticum
36:Zanthoxylum asiaticum
1009:at Wikimedia Commons
956:J Ethnobiol Ethnomed
619:. The roots contain
573:Toddalia nanlinensis
496:scaly-breasted munia
452:. Under its synonym
399:Toddalia willdenowii
391:Toddalia tonkinensis
294:Willd. ex Spreng.
283:Scopolia micracantha
794:Bussmann, Rainer W.
792:Njoroge, Grace N.;
486:with woody, corky,
415:Zanthoxylum nitidum
375:Toddalia rubicaulis
351:Toddalia floribunda
251:Cranzia willdenowii
1287:Paullinia asiatica
599:The plant is used
563:seeds assigned to
548:habitat with high
464:, now included in
423:Paullinia asiatica
359:Toddalia micrantha
331:Toddalia asiatica
270:Bojer ex Steud.
51:Leaves and fruits
1414:
1413:
1218:Open Tree of Life
1031:Taxon identifiers
1005:Media related to
986:Toddalia asiatica
969:Toddalia asiatica
936:Toddalia asiatica
911:Toddalia asiatica
756:Toddalia asiatica
709:10.1002/tax.12543
631:activity against
607:, who use it for
567:(now included in
455:Toddalia asiatica
441:
440:
435:
431:Scopolia aculeata
427:
419:
411:
403:
395:
387:
379:
371:
363:
362:(Blume) Steud.
355:
347:
339:
327:
323:Toddalia asiatica
319:
311:
303:
299:Toddalia aculeata
295:
287:
279:
271:
263:
259:Limonia oligandra
255:
247:
246:(Baker) Kuntze
239:
231:
223:
179:Z. asiaticum
16:(Redirected from
1444:
1407:
1406:
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1381:
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1108:
1096:
1095:
1083:
1082:
1073:
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1058:
1057:
1056:
1026:
1017:Data related to
1016:
1004:
993:
982:
976:
965:
959:
949:
943:
932:
926:
922:
916:
905:
894:
880:Leakey, L. S. B.
877:
871:
864:
858:
857:
844:
838:
837:
827:
817:
789:
783:
782:
780:
778:
750:
744:
742:PlantZAfrica.com
739:
724:
723:
721:
711:
702:(5): 1035–1061.
686:
680:
679:
677:
676:
657:
433:
425:
417:
409:
401:
393:
385:
377:
369:
361:
353:
345:
337:
334:
325:
317:
309:
307:Toddalia ambigua
301:
293:
285:
277:
269:
261:
253:
245:
237:
229:
227:Cranzia asiatica
221:
219:Cranzia aculeata
199:
74:
73:
60:
46:
32:
27:Species of plant
21:
1452:
1451:
1447:
1446:
1445:
1443:
1442:
1441:
1417:
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1415:
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1397:
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1234:
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1190:
1182:
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1125:
1117:
1112:
1104:
1099:
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1086:
1078:
1076:
1067:
1066:
1061:
1052:
1051:
1046:
1033:
997:
996:
992:30:13 998-1001.
983:
979:
966:
962:
950:
946:
933:
929:
923:
919:
906:
897:
878:
874:
865:
861:
851:
845:
841:
791:
790:
786:
776:
774:
752:
751:
747:
740:
727:
688:
687:
683:
674:
672:
659:
658:
649:
644:
597:
585:Yunnan Province
558:
542:
504:
480:
367:Toddalia nitida
343:Toddalia effusa
332:
291:Scopolia nitida
204:
201:
195:
182:
68:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1450:
1448:
1440:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1419:
1418:
1412:
1411:
1409:
1408:
1404:wfo-0000471165
1395:
1382:
1369:
1356:
1343:
1330:
1317:
1307:
1291:
1289:
1283:
1282:
1280:
1279:
1275:wfo-4000038512
1266:
1253:
1240:
1227:
1214:
1201:
1188:
1175:
1162:
1149:
1136:
1123:
1110:
1097:
1084:
1074:
1059:
1043:
1041:
1035:
1034:
1029:
1023:
1022:
1021:at Wikispecies
1010:
995:
994:
977:
960:
944:
927:
917:
895:
872:
859:
839:
784:
745:
725:
681:
646:
645:
643:
640:
633:H1N1 influenza
625:antiplasmodial
596:
595:Medicinal uses
593:
557:
554:
541:
538:
512:ranklemoentjie
503:
500:
479:
476:
472:orange climber
439:
438:
437:
436:
428:
420:
412:
404:
396:
388:
380:
372:
364:
356:
348:
340:
328:
320:
312:
304:
296:
288:
280:
272:
264:
256:
248:
240:
235:Cranzia nitida
232:
230:(L.) Kuntze
224:
213:
212:
206:
205:
202:
191:
190:
184:
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176:
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62:
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53:
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48:
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39:
38:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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1438:
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1425:
1424:
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1405:
1400:
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1314:
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1167:
1163:
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1128:
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1120:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1102:
1098:
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1064:
1060:
1055:
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1027:
1020:
1015:
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1003:
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991:
987:
981:
978:
974:
970:
964:
961:
957:
954:
948:
945:
942:115:2 257-62.
941:
937:
931:
928:
921:
918:
914:
912:
904:
902:
900:
896:
893:
892:0-12-439903-7
889:
885:
881:
876:
873:
869:
863:
860:
855:
852:Benson, T.G.
849:
843:
840:
835:
831:
826:
821:
816:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
788:
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773:
769:
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764:
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757:
749:
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738:
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710:
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664:
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618:
614:
610:
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602:
594:
592:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
556:Fossil record
555:
553:
551:
547:
539:
537:
535:
534:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
510:it is called
509:
501:
499:
497:
493:
489:
485:
477:
475:
473:
469:
468:
463:
462:
457:
456:
451:
447:
446:
432:
429:
424:
421:
416:
413:
408:
405:
400:
397:
394:Guillaumin
392:
389:
384:
381:
376:
373:
368:
365:
360:
357:
352:
349:
344:
341:
336:
329:
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321:
316:
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308:
305:
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276:
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244:
241:
236:
233:
228:
225:
220:
217:
214:
211:
207:
200:
198:
192:
189:
188:Binomial name
185:
181:
180:
175:
172:
171:
168:
167:
163:
160:
159:
156:
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149:
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133:
130:
127:
126:
123:
120:
117:
114:
113:
110:
107:
104:
101:
100:
97:
96:Tracheophytes
94:
91:
88:
87:
84:
81:
78:
77:
72:
67:
63:
59:
54:
49:
45:
40:
37:
33:
30:
19:
1286:
1038:
989:
985:
980:
975:71:6 636-40.
972:
968:
963:
955:
947:
939:
935:
930:
920:
910:
883:
875:
862:
853:
847:
842:
805:
801:
787:
775:. Retrieved
761:
755:
748:
719:11343/288824
699:
695:
691:
684:
673:. Retrieved
668:
662:
637:
598:
572:
568:
564:
559:
543:
527:
519:
511:
505:
502:Distribution
481:
471:
465:
460:
459:
454:
453:
444:
443:
442:
430:
422:
414:
406:
398:
390:
382:
374:
366:
358:
350:
342:
330:
326:(L.) Lam.
322:
314:
306:
298:
290:
282:
274:
266:
258:
250:
242:
234:
226:
218:
196:
194:
178:
177:
165:
128:
115:
102:
89:
35:
29:
1427:Zanthoxylum
1166:iNaturalist
1063:Wikispecies
973:Fitoterapia
601:medicinally
569:Zanthoxylum
524:the Kikuyus
492:orange peel
478:Description
467:Zanthoxylum
166:Zanthoxylum
109:Angiosperms
1421:Categories
850:rũrũe" in
777:12 January
675:2021-09-15
642:References
623:that have
482:This is a
378:Schult.
338:Z.M.Tan
278:Spreng.
262:Dalzell
145:Sapindales
1302:Q21876120
1054:Q15930630
870:", p. 11.
629:antiviral
621:coumarins
617:influenza
575:from the
520:gwambadzi
514:, and in
508:Afrikaans
402:Steud.
346:Turcz.
310:Turcz.
254:Kuntze
238:Kuntze
173:Species:
79:Kingdom:
1391:28601237
1386:Tropicos
1365:784060-1
1296:Wikidata
1262:40015070
1257:Tropicos
1184:329424-2
1069:Toddalia
1048:Wikidata
1039:Toddalia
882:(1977).
834:16451716
808:(8): 8.
796:(2006).
565:Toddalia
550:rainfall
546:riparian
461:Toddalia
450:Rutaceae
418:Wall.
410:Wall.
386:Baker
354:Wall.
302:Pers.
286:Blume
210:Synonyms
155:Rutaceae
151:Family:
122:Eudicots
18:Toddalia
1339:3785427
1197:1300494
1145:7269274
1093:2888545
971:roots.
825:1397805
609:malaria
577:Miocene
540:Habitat
533:mũrũrũe
528:mururue
370:Lam.
318:Lam.
222:Oken
161:Genus:
141:Order:
83:Plantae
1313:180976
1310:APDB:
1236:264325
1223:232710
1210:159067
1171:147432
1132:133083
1119:133083
1080:195503
1077:APDB:
890:
832:
822:
692:Citrus
615:, and
605:Maasai
561:Fossil
488:thorny
434:Sm.
135:Rosids
1352:27027
1326:75TDZ
1192:IRMNG
1158:12177
1106:1TDDG
958:2 22.
696:Taxon
613:cough
589:China
516:Venda
484:liana
426:L.
335:parva
129:Clade
116:Clade
103:Clade
90:Clade
1373:POWO
1360:IPNI
1347:GRIN
1334:GBIF
1244:POWO
1205:NCBI
1179:IPNI
1153:GRIN
1140:GBIF
1101:EPPO
925:2013
888:ISBN
830:PMID
779:2018
333:var.
1399:WFO
1321:CoL
1270:WFO
1127:FoC
1114:FNA
1088:EoL
820:PMC
810:doi
714:hdl
704:doi
1423::
1401::
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1375::
1362::
1349::
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1298::
1272::
1259::
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1233::
1220::
1207::
1194::
1181::
1168::
1155::
1142::
1129::
1116::
1103::
1090::
1065::
1050::
898:^
848:mũ
828:.
818:.
804:.
800:.
770:,
766:.
760:.
728:^
712:.
700:70
698:.
667:.
650:^
611:,
587:,
583:,
536:.
518:,
474:.
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105::
92::
846:"
836:.
812::
806:2
781:.
758:"
754:"
722:.
716::
706::
678:.
661:"
20:)
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