333:; both teams claimed the second-half title, and Greenlee as league president awarded it to his Crawfords. The matter of the overall pennant was apparently never decided. The next season, as Gibson led the league with 16 home runs and Paige won 20 games, the Crawfords were near the top of the overall standings, but won neither half. Records of all games against league opponents, not just those considered official league games, show the Crawfords with far and away the best record for 1934.
318:
1039:
235:(no relation), who managed teams that emerged from local Hill schools. Bill Harris played with a team, which he later managed, from McKelvey High School, while Teenie's team formed from the Watt School. Twice the teams faced off resulting in a marginal win for Teenie's team in both games, prompting the two managers to join forces and create a predominantly black team.
365:'s team. The Crawfords plunged to fifth place out of six teams with a 12–16 record. They partly recovered the next season, finishing third with a 24–16 record, but, with the exception of the 41-year-old Charleston, whose playing career was nearly over, the heart of the old Crawfords' team—Paige, Gibson, Bell—had all moved on to other teams.
373:
The Craws might have survived these losses, but their attendance flatlined after the white members of the team's board forced
Greenlee to shut out blacks from jobs at Greenlee Field (ushers, ticket-takers, etc.). Greenlee sold the club, Greenlee Field was demolished and the Crawfords moved to Toledo
223:
As
Richard L. Gilmore recounts in a 1996 article on the history of the team, the Crawfords began as an interracial team of local Hill District youth who played ball together in neighborhood sandlots. Resident families included black migrants from the South and European immigrants, all of whom were
345:, who won 18 games without a defeat. After a mediocre first half (16–15) in 1936, the Crawfords rallied to win the NNL's second half with a 20–9 record. Paige had returned, and contributed an 11–3 record. The playoff with the first-half winners, the
340:
in a close seven-game series for their only undisputed NNL pennant. In retrospect, many historians consider this edition of the
Crawfords to be the greatest Negro league team of all time, featuring the four Hall of Famers, plus left-handed pitcher
1698:
1519:
525:
On July 13, 2018, during the
Milwaukee Brewers game at the Pittsburgh Pirates, the Brewers wore the Negro league uniforms of the Milwaukee Bears while the Pirates wore their respective Pittsburgh Crawford uniforms.
521:
On July 18, 2015, during the
Pittsburgh Pirates game at the Milwaukee Brewers, the Pirates wore Pittsburgh Crawford uniforms while the Brewers wore the respective Negro league uniforms of the Milwaukee Bears.
1693:
1079:
488:
On July 5, 2008, during the
Pittsburgh Pirates game against the Milwaukee Brewers, the Pirates wore Pittsburgh Crawford uniforms while the Brewers wore the respective Negro league uniforms of the
514:
On August 21, 2010, during the
Pittsburgh Pirates game against the New York Mets, the Pirates wore Pittsburgh Crawford uniforms while the Mets wore the respective Negro league uniforms of the
336:
In 1935, Paige skipped most of the NNL season to play for a semipro team in North Dakota. Despite his absence, the
Crawfords took the first-half title with a 26–6 record, then defeated the
349:, apparently only lasted one game (the Elite Giants winning, 2–0) before it was called off for unknown reasons. Greenlee awarded the pennant to the Crawfords, over Washington's protests.
227:
As the Hill
District teams became more competitive and professionalized, lines of color were drawn. The teams became formalized initially through the efforts of Bill Harris (originally of
2690:
2432:
1514:
2357:
2230:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
2685:
2670:
2463:
1241:
1065:
2700:
1545:
712:
2155:
2041:
1957:
584:
2705:
1464:
2695:
2035:
1951:
1815:
189:. The team, previously known as the Crawford Colored Giants, was named after the Crawford Bath House, a recreation center in the Crawford neighborhood of
2710:
297:, named after the owner and builder; this was one of the few parks to be built and owned by a Negro League team. Paige and Gibson often unwound at the
1994:
1933:
1607:
1602:
858:
1683:
1614:
1550:
1927:
1487:
1750:
1714:
1662:
1657:
1637:
1088:
843:
126:
2680:
2387:
1755:
2675:
2523:
1597:
941:
791:
786:
411:
217:
1945:
533:, the Brewers wore the Negro league uniforms of the Milwaukee Bears while the Pirates wore their respective Pittsburgh Crawford uniforms.
536:
On
September 9, 2022, during the St. Louis Cardinals game at the Pittsburgh Pirates, the Cardinals wore the Negro league uniforms of the
2397:
290:. Playing as an independent club, the Crawfords immediately established themselves as perhaps the best black team in the United States.
2372:
1939:
1875:
614:
Gilmore Jr., Richard L. (1996). "A Historical Look at the Pittsburgh Crawfords and the Impact of Black Baseball on American Society".
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201:
1146:
1072:
238:
Greenlee bought the team in 1931. It was a time of an organizational vacuum, as the major African-American leagues of the 1920s, the
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2270:
2124:
1688:
645:
239:
563:: "In 1929, the Crawford Colored Giants, a semi-pro team in Pittsburgh, convinced him to leave the Gimbels and join their squad."
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1457:
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971:
564:
1344:
1152:
306:
2265:
2185:
2165:
1870:
1808:
208:
as a ball park for his team. During the mid-1930s, the Crawfords were one of the strongest Negro league teams ever assembled.
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2260:
1782:
1227:
662:
1369:
684:
Ruck, Rob (September 29, 2014). "Kings on the Hill: Rise of the Pittsburgh Crawfords". Carnegie Museum of Art: Storyboard.
2382:
1840:
1529:
1411:
1182:
698:
382:, for the 1939 season. For the 1940 season, the team split their home games between Toledo and Indianapolis, becoming the
232:
1234:
2625:
2595:
1979:
1901:
1017:
705:
1560:
1393:
1450:
996:
991:
976:
966:
961:
200:, an African-American businessman in Pittsburgh, bought the Crawfords. In 1933 he founded what is known as the second
2559:
1801:
1760:
1724:
1043:
685:
580:
537:
190:
1001:
507:, the Pirates wore Pittsburgh Crawford uniforms while the Tigers wore the respective Negro league uniforms of the
2580:
2528:
2503:
2493:
2392:
2316:
2063:
1984:
1922:
1194:
31:
1387:
2635:
2585:
2508:
2498:
2488:
2331:
2084:
751:
329:, acting as president; his Crawfords were charter members. The club narrowly lost the first-half title to the
186:
53:
2224:
2180:
2104:
2099:
1278:
1272:
1120:
346:
330:
271:
228:
1399:
2554:
2458:
2195:
2175:
2160:
2068:
1896:
1855:
1642:
1363:
1338:
1302:
1266:
1164:
1114:
878:
433:
243:
1381:
2094:
1845:
1765:
1667:
1647:
1473:
1320:
1250:
848:
767:
478:
375:
182:
132:
1652:
250:. By late that year, Greenlee signed many of the top African-American stars to his team, most notably
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2518:
2513:
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2250:
2240:
2114:
2109:
2047:
2014:
1835:
1824:
1734:
1719:
1326:
1296:
399:
1417:
2615:
2544:
2412:
2341:
2326:
2235:
2030:
1974:
1860:
1524:
1308:
1136:
1132:
1108:
663:"Kings of the Hill: The Story of the Pittsburgh Crawfords – Society for American Baseball Research"
2549:
2473:
2453:
2448:
2321:
2301:
2296:
2200:
2170:
2009:
1891:
1729:
1555:
1290:
500:
474:
358:
275:
2605:
2564:
2483:
2468:
2291:
2275:
1284:
1126:
641:
2590:
2427:
2417:
2402:
2145:
2140:
2119:
2089:
2004:
1999:
1850:
1581:
1140:
1102:
873:
634:
496:
482:
428:
255:
247:
73:
63:
317:
2377:
2336:
2255:
1576:
1430:
Years in parentheses are years as a full member in the Negro American League. Years as an
1405:
1332:
1207:
Years in parentheses are years as a full member in the Negro National League. Years as an
1170:
1158:
568:
515:
489:
362:
357:
In 1937, Paige led several Crawfords players, including Gibson, Bell, and Bankhead to the
337:
1699:
National Association of Colored Baseball Clubs of the United States and Cuba (1907–1909)
2610:
2407:
1989:
1906:
1431:
1208:
868:
811:
504:
470:
423:
298:
294:
267:
205:
149:
556:
2664:
1865:
1375:
1176:
898:
508:
453:
395:
342:
287:
251:
1219:
1057:
2620:
2600:
2422:
888:
827:
819:
759:
443:
283:
263:
197:
161:
155:
2311:
2306:
883:
686:
http://blog.cmoa.org/2014/09/kings-on-the-hill-rise-of-the-pittsburgh-crawfords/
560:
438:
259:
17:
2190:
903:
893:
458:
448:
302:
529:
On June 1, 2019, during the Milwaukee Brewers game at the Pittsburgh Pirates
301:, one of black Pittsburgh's favorite night spots, where the likes of singers
279:
2150:
530:
1442:
1793:
1694:
International League of Independent Professional Base Ball Clubs (1906)
690:
540:
while the Pirates wore their respective Pittsburgh Crawford uniforms.
394:
In 1945, Greenlee formed a new, unrelated, Pittsburgh Crawfords in
316:
1797:
1446:
1223:
1061:
939:
694:
1021:· 1941 · 1942 · 1943 · 1944 · 1945 · 1946 · 1947 · 1948 · 1949
511:. They wore their respective uniforms again on May 19, 2012.
402:. The league and the new Crawfords lasted two seasons.
254:. The next year, in 1932, Greenlee hired Hall of Famer
581:"Kings on the Hill: Rise of the Pittsburgh Crawfords"
477:
honored the Negro leagues by wearing uniforms of the
2573:
2537:
2441:
2350:
2284:
2216:
2209:
2133:
2077:
2056:
2023:
1967:
1915:
1884:
1743:
1707:
1676:
1630:
1623:
1590:
1569:
1538:
1480:
1354:
1257:
1095:
1010:
951:
912:
857:
836:
800:
779:
485:game. The Pirates won the game, 4–3 in 13 innings.
142:
116:
96:
79:
69:
59:
49:
44:
39:
1345:Indianapolis ABCs (II)/New Orleans–St. Louis Stars
633:
30:"Crawfords" redirects here. For other uses, see
1684:Southern League of Colored Base Ballists (1886)
1546:List of Negro league baseball postseason games
1370:Detroit Stars/Clowns/Detroit–New Orleans Stars
1809:
1458:
1267:Atlanta Black Crackers/Indianapolis ABCs (IV)
1235:
1073:
706:
557:Major League Baseball Hall of Fame, biography
258:as playing manager, and added Hall of Famers
8:
2691:Defunct sports clubs and teams in Pittsburgh
1756:West Coast Negro Baseball Association (1946)
627:
625:
270:, along with other notable players such as
216:For a list of annual win-loss records, see
2213:
1816:
1802:
1794:
1627:
1465:
1451:
1443:
1242:
1228:
1220:
1080:
1066:
1058:
936:
713:
699:
691:
246:, had fallen apart under pressures of the
224:attracted to industrial jobs in the city.
36:
609:
607:
605:
603:
601:
1689:National Colored Base Ball League (1887)
1291:Cincinnati/Cleveland/Louisville Buckeyes
1147:Indianapolis ABCs(II)/Detroit Stars (II)
495:On June 12, 2010, in Detroit, during an
640:. New York City: Walker & Company.
549:
481:and the Crawfords, respectively, in an
27:Professional Negro league baseball team
2686:Defunct baseball teams in Pennsylvania
2671:African-American history in Pittsburgh
1761:Negro American Association (1948–1949)
2701:Baseball teams disestablished in 1940
1321:Jacksonville Red Caps/Cleveland Bears
469:On June 28, 2008, in Pittsburgh, the
7:
412:Pittsburgh Crawfords all-time roster
218:List of Pittsburgh Crawfords seasons
109:Toledo–Indianapolis Crawfords (1940)
2706:1931 establishments in Pennsylvania
410:For a more comprehensive list, see
2696:Baseball teams established in 1931
25:
2711:1940 disestablishments in Indiana
1766:Negro American League (1951–1960)
1751:Negro Southern League (1945–1951)
1725:Negro American Association (1939)
1715:Negro Southern League (1920–1936)
1251:Negro American League (1937–1962)
1089:Negro National League (1933–1948)
1735:United States League (1945–1946)
1720:Texas Colored League (1919–1931)
1520:Negro leaguers who played in MLB
1038:
1037:
325:In 1933, Greenlee founded a new
293:The Crawfords played in the new
103:Pittsburgh Crawfords (1931–1938)
587:from the original on 2017-07-11
386:, before folding after season.
1309:Cincinnati/Indianapolis Clowns
1:
1315:Toledo/Indianapolis Crawfords
384:Toledo–Indianapolis Crawfords
2681:Baseball teams in Pittsburgh
1159:(Washington) Homestead Grays
2676:Negro league baseball teams
2727:
2433:Early Pro Football Circuit
1663:Negro National League (II)
1570:International competitions
1515:First black players in MLB
1394:New Orleans Crescent Stars
1388:Mobile Havana Cuban Giants
1376:Houston/New Orleans Eagles
1153:Harrisburg–St. Louis Stars
844:Negro National League (II)
688:(retrieved June 9, 2017).
409:
215:
191:Pittsburgh's Hill District
127:Negro National League (II)
29:
1831:
1778:
1730:Negro Major League (1942)
1658:Negro Southern League (I)
1638:Negro National League (I)
1427:
1204:
1195:Washington Black Senators
1033:
935:
730:
361:to play for the dictator
307:Bill "Bojangles" Robinson
177:, popularly known as the
1551:List of league champions
753:Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
616:The Sloping Halls Review
187:Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
54:Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
2225:Chronicle-Telegraph Cup
2181:Petersen Sports Complex
1561:East–West All-Star Game
1279:Chicago American Giants
1273:Birmingham Black Barons
632:Lowry, Phillip (2005).
347:Washington Elite Giants
331:Chicago American Giants
123:Independent (1931–1932)
106:Toledo Crawfords (1939)
2196:UPMC Cooper Fieldhouse
2176:Petersen Events Center
2161:Fitzgerald Field House
1643:Eastern Colored League
1598:List of teams by state
1364:Baltimore Elite Giants
1303:Indianapolis Athletics
1275:(1937–1938, 1940–1962)
1173:(1935–1936, 1939–1948)
1165:New York Black Yankees
1121:Cole's American Giants
1115:Baltimore Elite Giants
746:Indianapolis Crawfords
322:
244:Eastern Colored League
181:, were a professional
1668:Negro American League
1648:American Negro League
1474:Negro league baseball
920:Negro National League
849:Negro American League
769:Indianapolis, Indiana
479:Jacksonville Red Caps
465:MLB throwback jerseys
376:Negro American League
327:Negro National League
320:
240:Negro National League
202:Negro National League
183:Negro league baseball
133:Negro American League
2048:Three Rivers Classic
1825:Sports in Pittsburgh
1339:St. Louis Stars (II)
1327:Kansas City Monarchs
1189:Pittsburgh Crawfords
723:Pittsburgh Crawfords
400:United States League
175:Pittsburgh Crawfords
40:Pittsburgh Crawfords
2616:Motor Square Garden
1382:Louisville Clippers
1297:Detroit Stars (III)
1137:Akron Black Tyrites
1133:Columbus Blue Birds
1109:Baltimore Black Sox
913:League pennants (3)
837:League affiliations
2201:UPMC Events Center
2171:Joe Walton Stadium
1608:minor league teams
1603:major league teams
1556:Negro World Series
1412:Philadelphia Stars
1183:Philadelphia Stars
567:2019-09-06 at the
501:Pittsburgh Pirates
475:Pittsburgh Pirates
359:Dominican Republic
323:
276:Jimmie Crutchfield
150:Gus Greenlee Field
2658:
2657:
2654:
2653:
2606:Josh Gibson Field
2464:Duquesne C&AC
2373:Duquesne C&AC
2292:Roundball Classic
1791:
1790:
1774:
1773:
1615:Timeline of teams
1440:
1439:
1435:
1285:Cincinnati Tigers
1217:
1216:
1212:
1127:Cleveland Red Sox
1055:
1054:
1029:
1028:
499:game between the
353:Player defections
171:
170:
16:(Redirected from
2718:
2631:Schenley Gardens
2591:Duquesne Gardens
2214:
2166:Highmark Stadium
2146:Acrisure Stadium
2141:PPG Paints Arena
2120:Studio Wrestling
1851:Head of the Ohio
1818:
1811:
1804:
1795:
1744:Post-integration
1653:East–West League
1628:
1582:Serie Monumental
1467:
1460:
1453:
1444:
1429:
1355:Post-integration
1244:
1237:
1230:
1221:
1206:
1141:Cleveland Giants
1103:Bacharach Giants
1082:
1075:
1068:
1059:
1046:
1041:
1040:
1022:
960:
944:
937:
874:Oscar Charleston
861:
770:
762:
754:
742:Toledo Crawfords
724:
715:
708:
701:
692:
673:
672:
670:
669:
658:
652:
651:
639:
636:Green Cathedrals
629:
620:
619:
611:
596:
595:
593:
592:
577:
571:
554:
429:Oscar Charleston
380:Toledo Crawfords
256:Oscar Charleston
248:Great Depression
229:Calhoun, Alabama
143:Former ballparks
117:Former league(s)
37:
21:
18:Toledo Crawfords
2726:
2725:
2721:
2720:
2719:
2717:
2716:
2715:
2661:
2660:
2659:
2650:
2626:Recreation Park
2596:Exposition Park
2569:
2533:
2437:
2346:
2280:
2205:
2156:Clearview Arena
2129:
2073:
2052:
2019:
1963:
1911:
1880:
1827:
1822:
1792:
1787:
1770:
1739:
1703:
1672:
1619:
1586:
1577:American Series
1565:
1534:
1488:List of players
1476:
1471:
1441:
1436:
1423:
1406:New York Cubans
1356:
1350:
1333:Memphis Red Sox
1259:
1258:Pre-integration
1253:
1248:
1218:
1213:
1200:
1171:New York Cubans
1091:
1086:
1056:
1051:
1044:
1025:
1020:
1006:
958:
947:
942:
931:
908:
859:
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569:Wayback Machine
555:
551:
546:
538:St. Louis Stars
516:New York Cubans
490:Milwaukee Bears
467:
420:
415:
408:
392:
378:, becoming the
371:
363:Rafael Trujillo
355:
338:New York Cubans
315:
221:
214:
167:
138:
112:
92:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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2611:Greenlee Field
2608:
2603:
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2577:
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2570:
2568:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
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2541:
2539:
2535:
2534:
2532:
2531:
2529:Yellow Jackets
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2504:Pirates (WPHL)
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
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2445:
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2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
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2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2358:1898 All-Stars
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2253:
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2233:
2228:
2220:
2218:
2211:
2207:
2206:
2204:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2137:
2135:
2131:
2130:
2128:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2081:
2079:
2075:
2074:
2072:
2071:
2066:
2064:Riverhounds SC
2060:
2058:
2054:
2053:
2051:
2050:
2045:
2039:
2033:
2027:
2025:
2021:
2020:
2018:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1990:Steeler Nation
1987:
1982:
1977:
1971:
1969:
1965:
1964:
1962:
1961:
1955:
1949:
1943:
1937:
1931:
1925:
1923:Yellow Jackets
1919:
1917:
1913:
1912:
1910:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1888:
1886:
1882:
1881:
1879:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1832:
1829:
1828:
1823:
1821:
1820:
1813:
1806:
1798:
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1785:
1779:
1776:
1775:
1772:
1771:
1769:
1768:
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1747:
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1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1680:
1678:
1674:
1673:
1671:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1634:
1632:
1625:
1621:
1620:
1618:
1617:
1612:
1611:
1610:
1605:
1594:
1592:
1588:
1587:
1585:
1584:
1579:
1573:
1571:
1567:
1566:
1564:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1542:
1540:
1536:
1535:
1533:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1511:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1484:
1482:
1478:
1477:
1472:
1470:
1469:
1462:
1455:
1447:
1438:
1437:
1434:are not noted.
1432:associate team
1428:
1425:
1424:
1422:
1421:
1418:Raleigh Tigers
1415:
1409:
1403:
1400:Newark Indians
1397:
1391:
1385:
1379:
1373:
1367:
1360:
1358:
1352:
1351:
1349:
1348:
1342:
1336:
1330:
1324:
1318:
1312:
1306:
1300:
1294:
1288:
1282:
1276:
1270:
1263:
1261:
1255:
1254:
1249:
1247:
1246:
1239:
1232:
1224:
1215:
1214:
1211:are not noted.
1209:associate team
1205:
1202:
1201:
1199:
1198:
1192:
1186:
1180:
1174:
1168:
1162:
1156:
1150:
1144:
1130:
1124:
1118:
1112:
1106:
1099:
1097:
1093:
1092:
1087:
1085:
1084:
1077:
1070:
1062:
1053:
1052:
1050:
1049:
1034:
1031:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1024:
1023:
1014:
1012:
1008:
1007:
1005:
1004:
999:
994:
989:
984:
979:
974:
969:
964:
955:
953:
949:
948:
940:
933:
932:
930:
929:
926:
923:
916:
914:
910:
909:
907:
906:
901:
896:
891:
886:
881:
876:
871:
869:Cool Papa Bell
865:
863:
860:Hall of Famers
855:
854:
852:
851:
846:
840:
838:
834:
833:
831:
830:
812:Greenlee Field
804:
802:
798:
797:
795:
794:
789:
783:
781:
777:
776:
774:
773:
738:
731:
728:
727:
720:
718:
717:
710:
703:
695:
681:
678:
675:
674:
653:
646:
621:
597:
572:
548:
547:
545:
542:
505:Detroit Tigers
471:Tampa Bay Rays
466:
463:
462:
461:
456:
451:
446:
441:
436:
431:
426:
424:Cool Papa Bell
419:
418:Hall of Famers
416:
407:
404:
391:
388:
370:
367:
354:
351:
321:1932 Crawfords
314:
311:
299:Crawford Grill
295:Greenlee Field
268:Cool Papa Bell
213:
210:
206:Greenlee Field
185:team based in
169:
168:
166:
165:
159:
153:
146:
144:
140:
139:
137:
136:
130:
124:
120:
118:
114:
113:
111:
110:
107:
104:
100:
98:
97:Former name(s)
94:
93:
91:
90:
87:
83:
81:
77:
76:
71:
67:
66:
61:
57:
56:
51:
47:
46:
42:
41:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2723:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2668:
2666:
2647:
2646:Winter Garden
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2636:Sewall Center
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2578:
2576:
2572:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2542:
2540:
2536:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2524:Winter Garden
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2446:
2444:
2440:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2355:
2353:
2349:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2289:
2287:
2283:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2226:
2222:
2221:
2219:
2215:
2212:
2208:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2138:
2136:
2132:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2085:Sledgehammers
2083:
2082:
2080:
2076:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2061:
2059:
2055:
2049:
2046:
2043:
2040:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2028:
2026:
2022:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1966:
1959:
1956:
1953:
1950:
1947:
1944:
1941:
1938:
1935:
1932:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1920:
1918:
1914:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1889:
1887:
1883:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1866:Mylan Classic
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1833:
1830:
1826:
1819:
1814:
1812:
1807:
1805:
1800:
1799:
1796:
1784:
1781:
1780:
1777:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1748:
1746:
1742:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1712:
1710:
1708:Minor leagues
1706:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1681:
1679:
1677:Proto-leagues
1675:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1635:
1633:
1631:Major leagues
1629:
1626:
1622:
1616:
1613:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1600:
1599:
1596:
1595:
1593:
1589:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1574:
1572:
1568:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1543:
1541:
1537:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1490:
1489:
1486:
1485:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1468:
1463:
1461:
1456:
1454:
1449:
1448:
1445:
1433:
1426:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1410:
1407:
1404:
1401:
1398:
1395:
1392:
1389:
1386:
1383:
1380:
1377:
1374:
1371:
1368:
1365:
1362:
1361:
1359:
1353:
1346:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1319:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1289:
1286:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1274:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1264:
1262:
1256:
1252:
1245:
1240:
1238:
1233:
1231:
1226:
1225:
1222:
1210:
1203:
1196:
1193:
1190:
1187:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1177:Newark Eagles
1175:
1172:
1169:
1166:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1101:
1100:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1083:
1078:
1076:
1071:
1069:
1064:
1063:
1060:
1048:
1047:
1036:
1035:
1032:
1019:
1016:
1015:
1013:
1009:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
993:
990:
988:
985:
983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
970:
968:
965:
963:
957:
956:
954:
950:
945:
938:
934:
927:
924:
921:
918:
917:
915:
911:
905:
902:
900:
899:Satchel Paige
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
866:
864:
862:
856:
850:
847:
845:
842:
841:
839:
835:
829:
828:Victory Field
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
806:
805:
803:
799:
793:
790:
788:
785:
784:
782:
778:
772:
771:
764:
763:
756:
755:
747:
743:
740:Also know as
739:
737:
733:
732:
729:
725:
716:
711:
709:
704:
702:
697:
696:
693:
689:
687:
679:
664:
657:
654:
649:
647:0-8027-1562-1
643:
638:
637:
628:
626:
622:
617:
610:
608:
606:
604:
602:
598:
586:
582:
576:
573:
570:
566:
562:
558:
553:
550:
543:
541:
539:
534:
532:
527:
523:
519:
517:
512:
510:
509:Detroit Stars
506:
502:
498:
493:
491:
486:
484:
480:
476:
472:
464:
460:
457:
455:
454:Satchel Paige
452:
450:
447:
445:
442:
440:
437:
435:
432:
430:
427:
425:
422:
421:
417:
413:
405:
403:
401:
397:
396:Branch Rickey
390:Later revival
389:
387:
385:
381:
377:
368:
366:
364:
360:
352:
350:
348:
344:
343:Leroy Matlock
339:
334:
332:
328:
319:
312:
310:
309:entertained.
308:
304:
300:
296:
291:
289:
288:Ted Radcliffe
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
252:Satchel Paige
249:
245:
241:
236:
234:
233:Teenie Harris
230:
225:
219:
211:
209:
207:
203:
199:
194:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
163:
162:Victory Field
160:
157:
154:
151:
148:
147:
145:
141:
134:
131:
128:
125:
122:
121:
119:
115:
108:
105:
102:
101:
99:
95:
88:
85:
84:
82:
80:League titles
78:
75:
72:
68:
65:
62:
58:
55:
52:
48:
43:
38:
33:
19:
2641:Three Rivers
2621:Pitt Stadium
2601:Forbes Field
2581:Central Park
2245:
2223:
2186:Rooney Field
2105:Thunderbirds
1314:
1188:
1042:
919:
889:Judy Johnson
824:Indianapolis
823:
820:Swayne Field
815:
807:
766:
761:Toledo, Ohio
758:
750:
745:
741:
735:
721:
683:
666:. Retrieved
656:
635:
615:
589:. Retrieved
575:
552:
535:
528:
524:
520:
513:
494:
487:
468:
444:Judy Johnson
393:
383:
379:
372:
356:
335:
324:
292:
284:Sam Bankhead
272:William Bell
264:Judy Johnson
237:
226:
222:
204:, and built
198:Gus Greenlee
195:
178:
174:
172:
156:Swayne Field
2586:Civic Arena
2459:Duquesne AC
2125:Dirty Dozen
2069:Riveters SC
1897:Wild Things
1539:Post-season
1420:(1959–1962)
1414:(1949–1952)
1408:(1949–1950)
1378:(1949–1951)
1372:(1954–1960)
1366:(1949–1951)
1357:(1949–1962)
1347:(1938–1941)
1335:(1937–1959)
1329:(1937–1962)
1323:(1938–1942)
1317:(1939–1940)
1311:(1943–1954)
1293:(1942–1950)
1281:(1937–1952)
1269:(1938–1939)
1260:(1937–1948)
1191:(1933–1938)
1185:(1934–1948)
1179:(1934–1948)
1167:(1936–1948)
1161:(1934–1948)
1123:(1933–1935)
1117:(1933–1948)
1111:(1933–1934)
884:Josh Gibson
879:Bill Foster
561:Josh Gibson
497:interleague
483:interleague
439:Josh Gibson
434:Bill Foster
313:League play
260:Josh Gibson
158:(1939–1940)
152:(1933–1938)
135:(1939–1940)
129:(1933–1938)
60:Established
45:Information
2665:Categories
2555:Hurricanes
2378:Gladiators
2312:Monticello
2285:Basketball
2210:Historical
2191:Trees Hall
2095:Harlequins
1916:Basketball
1846:Great Race
1841:Grand Prix
1836:Dapper Dan
1525:Color line
904:Jud Wilson
894:Biz Mackey
808:Pittsburgh
668:2024-04-30
591:2017-06-10
544:References
459:Jud Wilson
449:Biz Mackey
303:Lena Horne
2519:Victorias
2514:Shamrocks
2479:Keystones
2383:Homestead
2368:Americans
2363:Allegheny
2266:Keystones
2251:Filipinos
2246:Crawfords
2241:Champions
2231:Allegheny
2115:Wallabies
2110:Triangles
2042:Colonials
2036:Colonials
2015:Renegades
1958:Colonials
1952:Colonials
959:· 1930 ·
801:Ballparks
780:Franchise
749:Based in
736:1931–1940
734:Operated
280:Rap Dixon
70:Disbanded
2560:Phantoms
2545:Beadling
2494:Phantoms
2469:Ft. Pitt
2413:Olympics
2351:Football
2342:Xplosion
2327:Piranhas
2317:Phantoms
2261:Hardhats
2236:Burghers
2217:Baseball
2151:PNC Park
2031:Penguins
1995:heritage
1980:Panthers
1975:Steelers
1968:Football
1934:Panthers
1928:Panthers
1902:Panthers
1885:Baseball
1861:Marathon
1783:Category
1045:Category
585:Archived
565:Archived
531:PNC Park
503:and the
374:and the
242:and the
196:In 1931
50:Location
32:Crawford
2550:Cannons
2499:Pirates
2474:Hornets
2454:Cougars
2449:Bankers
2418:Quakers
2393:Maulers
2332:Pirates
2302:Ironmen
2297:Condors
2271:Stogies
2010:Passion
1985:Maulers
1892:Pirates
1871:Regatta
1624:Leagues
1481:Players
943:Seasons
792:Seasons
787:Players
680:Sources
406:Players
398:'s new
212:History
2574:Venues
2565:Spirit
2538:Soccer
2484:Lyceum
2442:Hockey
2388:Lyceum
2322:Pipers
2307:Loendi
2276:Rebels
2134:Venues
2057:Soccer
2024:Hockey
1530:Museum
1402:(1959)
1396:(1957)
1390:(1957)
1384:(1954)
1341:(1937)
1305:(1937)
1299:(1937)
1287:(1937)
1197:(1938)
1155:(1943)
1149:(1933)
1143:(1933)
1129:(1934)
1105:(1934)
922:: 1933
816:Toledo
661:sabr.
644:
369:Demise
286:, and
266:, and
231:) and
164:(1940)
2428:Stars
2403:Power
2256:Grays
2090:Bulls
2078:Other
2005:Force
2000:Colts
1946:Dukes
1940:Dukes
1907:Dukes
1591:Teams
1096:Teams
1011:1940s
952:1930s
618:: 65.
179:Craws
2509:Pros
2408:Odds
2337:Rens
1876:WPHL
1856:Lore
1018:1940
1002:1939
997:1938
992:1937
987:1936
982:1935
977:1934
972:1933
967:1932
962:1931
946:(10)
928:1936
925:1935
765:and
744:and
642:ISBN
473:and
305:and
173:The
89:1936
86:1935
74:1940
64:1931
2489:PAC
2398:PAC
2100:PCC
2044:(w)
2038:(m)
1960:(w)
1954:(m)
1948:(w)
1942:(m)
1936:(w)
1930:(m)
1508:S–Z
1503:M–R
1498:E–L
1493:A–D
559:of
2667::
2423:JP
826::
818::
810::
757:,
624:^
600:^
583:.
518:.
492:.
282:,
278:,
274:,
262:,
193:.
1817:e
1810:t
1803:v
1466:e
1459:t
1452:v
1243:e
1236:t
1229:v
1139:/
1135:/
1081:e
1074:t
1067:v
714:e
707:t
700:v
671:.
650:.
594:.
414:.
220:.
34:.
20:)
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