Knowledge (XXG)

Toll (fee)

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31: 63: 39: 1671: 1659: 1875:
charges the user the toll. A major advantage is the driver does not have to stop, reducing traffic delays. Electronic tolling is cheaper than a staffed toll booth, reducing transaction costs for government or private road owners. The ease of varying the amount of the toll makes it easy to implement
1007: 1884:, toll lanes that bypass congestion, and city-wide congestion charges. The payment system usually requires users to sign up in advance and load money into a declining-balance account, which is debited each time they pass a toll point. 30: 1863:, where vehicles must stop and the driver manually pays the toll with cash or a card. In most systems, vehicles using the system are equipped with an automated radio 1353: 1768:. The Empire had a "passage system" whereby a number of toll stations would be established on a route where small tolls were collected. Examples were the 1210: 1075: 1070: 1424: 1017: 238: 2051: 2000: 1934: 1871:
from the reader triggers the transponder, which transmits back an identifying number which registers the vehicle's use of the road, and an
1624: 805: 1499: 62: 2032: 1977: 1954: 1701: 1564: 687: 199: 1025: 773: 1760:, who charged fees to travellers if they wanted to cross over mountain passages. From that time, road tolls became commonplace in 490: 672: 268: 1629: 1348: 1634: 593: 1843:
Electronic toll collection is a wireless system to automatically collect the usage fee or toll charged to vehicles using
1332: 623: 1789: 1574: 1544: 2070:, payments made by government to the private sector operator of a road based on the number of vehicles using the road 1918: 1832: 955: 427: 2100: 1872: 1002: 580: 537: 388: 243: 92: 1969: 1881: 1594: 1012: 511: 506: 496: 1926: 1877: 1609: 1549: 1060: 1055: 677: 558: 209: 38: 1739: 1694: 1519: 1404: 1399: 995: 574: 393: 1599: 1524: 1489: 1474: 1394: 1384: 628: 548: 543: 464: 1619: 1584: 1559: 1439: 1419: 586: 263: 124: 2095: 1639: 1539: 1534: 1479: 1464: 1454: 1449: 1444: 1389: 1379: 1374: 1358: 1228: 1174: 977: 485: 1819: 1797: 1773: 1614: 1604: 1589: 1579: 1554: 1504: 1469: 1459: 1429: 1414: 1409: 1264: 1179: 967: 931: 852: 731: 87: 1801: 449: 2047: 2028: 1996: 1973: 1950: 1930: 1765: 1687: 1529: 1514: 1509: 1484: 1434: 1234: 945: 897: 837: 753: 694: 406: 373: 179: 1569: 1494: 1100: 1065: 1045: 857: 825: 699: 553: 304: 1757: 1663: 1279: 1137: 1132: 867: 830: 741: 706: 608: 532: 368: 328: 294: 204: 194: 189: 184: 102: 1823:, which had to be paid to fund the initial cobbling of a road and its subsequent upkeep. 1222: 1194: 1169: 1030: 872: 667: 603: 501: 439: 343: 338: 321: 299: 2089: 1785: 1294: 962: 887: 778: 711: 645: 613: 480: 422: 383: 363: 333: 248: 169: 164: 139: 129: 71: 2011: 1868: 1838: 1675: 1189: 972: 941: 912: 892: 783: 768: 748: 662: 657: 459: 253: 1947:
Road Pricing, Volume 9: Theory and Evidence (Research in Transportation Economics)
2073: 2067: 1864: 1856: 1852: 1184: 922: 882: 800: 736: 682: 618: 444: 434: 378: 258: 159: 154: 112: 97: 2076:, a castle guarding a customs post, in the Middle Ages and the Early Modern Era 2079: 1860: 1806: 1289: 1259: 1142: 1127: 1050: 982: 902: 877: 862: 763: 758: 726: 652: 358: 353: 174: 134: 80: 2023:
Verhoef, Erik T.; Bliemer, Michiel; Steg, Linda; Van Wee, Bert, eds. (2008).
1992: 1844: 1781: 1769: 1122: 1040: 1035: 721: 716: 527: 454: 144: 1777: 1658: 1848: 1761: 1727: 1284: 1252: 936: 926: 847: 842: 815: 788: 598: 348: 289: 284: 117: 34:
15th century illustration of a toll payment being made to cross a bridge
17: 1793: 1095: 917: 820: 810: 149: 107: 1811: 1753: 1745: 1304: 1115: 1110: 1105: 907: 795: 2046:. World Bank Staff Occasional Papers Number Five, Washington, D.C. 1867:
device. When the vehicle passes a roadside toll reader device, a
1319: 1314: 1309: 1299: 1274: 1269: 1216: 1088: 37: 29: 1749: 1723: 1719: 222: 54: 1744:
Tolls usually had to be paid at strategic locations such as
2025:
Pricing in Road Transport: A Multi-Disciplinary Perspective
1804:
Castle as its toll station. Another form of road tax was
2016:
Road pricing: the economic and technical possibilities
1019:
European Union Common Consolidated Corporate Tax Base
1900:Klaus-Joachim Lorenzen-Schmidt, Ortwin Pelc (ed.): 1810:, which had to be paid when entering the city of 1756:, the road toll goes back to the practice of the 2082:, a place on a canal where a fee was collected 1941:(See Chapter 9: Optimizing Traffic Congestion) 1966:Acceptability of Transport Pricing Strategies 1964:Schade, Jens; Schlag, Bernhard, eds. (2003). 1695: 8: 1987:Small, Kenneth A.; Verhoef, Erik T. (2007). 2027:. Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham, UK. 1702: 1688: 1337: 1158: 411: 227: 45: 1211:Institute on Taxation and Economic Policy 1904:Wachholtz, Neumünster, 2006, Lemma Zoll. 1814:from the beginning of the 18th century. 1893: 1366: 1340: 1202: 1161: 566: 519: 472: 414: 276: 230: 53: 1989:The Economics of Urban Transportation 7: 1902:Das neue Schleswig-Holstein Lexikon. 1817:A special form of road toll was the 1748:(sometimes called a bridge toll) or 2044:The Economics of Road User Charges 25: 1859:. It is a faster alternative to 1026:Global minimum corporate tax rate 1669: 1657: 491:Base erosion and profit shifting 61: 1923:Transport Economics 3rd Edition 269:Optimal capital income taxation 1945:Santos, Georgina, ed. (2004). 1349:List of countries by tax rates 1: 774:Natural resources consumption 27:Fee charged for use of a road 624:United States as a tax haven 1972:, Bingley, West Yorkshire. 1776:which had toll stations at 2117: 1836: 1833:Electronic toll collection 1830: 1737: 538:Offshore financial centres 428:Repatriation tax avoidance 1873:electronic payment system 1764:times, especially in the 1722:charged for the use of a 1003:Financial transaction tax 93:Property tax equalization 2007:(See Chapter 4: Pricing) 1970:Emerald Group Publishing 1354:Tax revenue to GDP ratio 1013:Currency transaction tax 594:Liechtenstein tax affair 2042:Walters, A. A. (1968). 1927:Edward Elgar Publishing 1878:road congestion pricing 1061:Permanent establishment 1056:Exchange of Information 559:Financial Secrecy Index 210:Medical savings account 1740:Road toll (historical) 956:Vehicle miles traveled 575:Ireland as a tax haven 389:Private tax collection 43: 35: 1827:Electronic collection 629:Panama as a tax haven 581:Ireland v. Commission 549:Conduit and sink OFCs 544:Offshore magic circle 465:Unreported employment 41: 33: 1882:high-occupancy lanes 1625:United Arab Emirates 1367:Individual Countries 1076:Foreign revenue rule 868:Inheritance (estate) 587:Leprechaun economics 1664:Business portal 1359:Tax rates in Europe 1229:Tax Justice Network 1175:Dhammika Dharmapala 678:Airport improvement 486:Transfer mispricing 277:Distribution of Tax 49:Part of a series on 1929:, Cheltenham, UK. 1919:Button, Kenneth J. 1774:Schleswig-Holstein 1265:Eight per thousand 1180:James R. Hines Jr. 1071:European Union FTT 88:Government revenue 44: 36: 2053:978-0-8018-0653-7 2002:978-0-415-28515-5 1936:978-1-84064-191-2 1796:, as well as the 1766:Holy Roman Empire 1712: 1711: 1647: 1646: 1243: 1242: 1235:Tax Policy Center 978:Negative (income) 754:Environmental tax 636: 635: 554:Financial centres 374:Tax investigation 312: 311: 180:Tax harmonization 16:(Redirected from 2108: 2101:Customs services 2057: 2038: 2019: 2006: 1983: 1960: 1940: 1905: 1898: 1880:, including for 1704: 1697: 1690: 1676:Money portal 1674: 1673: 1672: 1662: 1661: 1338: 1159: 1066:Transfer pricing 1046:Tax equalization 1020: 963:Corporate profit 599:Luxembourg Leaks 533:Corporate havens 412: 228: 65: 46: 42:Tolls in the UAE 21: 2116: 2115: 2111: 2110: 2109: 2107: 2106: 2105: 2086: 2085: 2064: 2054: 2041: 2035: 2022: 2010: 2003: 1986: 1980: 1963: 1957: 1944: 1937: 1917: 1914: 1909: 1908: 1899: 1895: 1890: 1841: 1835: 1829: 1758:Germanic tribes 1742: 1736: 1708: 1670: 1668: 1656: 1649: 1648: 1335: 1325: 1324: 1280:Fiscus Judaicus 1255: 1245: 1244: 1203:Advocacy groups 1156: 1148: 1147: 1138:Trade agreement 1133:Free-trade zone 1091: 1081: 1080: 1018: 998: 988: 987: 648: 638: 637: 609:Paradise Papers 450:Debtors' prison 409: 399: 398: 369:Tax preparation 329:Revenue service 324: 314: 313: 225: 215: 214: 195:Double taxation 190:Tax withholding 185:Tax competition 103:Non-tax revenue 83: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 2114: 2112: 2104: 2103: 2098: 2088: 2087: 2084: 2083: 2077: 2071: 2063: 2060: 2059: 2058: 2052: 2039: 2034:978-1845428600 2033: 2020: 2008: 2001: 1984: 1979:978-0080441993 1978: 1961: 1956:978-0762309689 1955: 1942: 1935: 1913: 1910: 1907: 1906: 1892: 1891: 1889: 1886: 1831:Main article: 1828: 1825: 1738:Main article: 1735: 1732: 1710: 1709: 1707: 1706: 1699: 1692: 1684: 1681: 1680: 1679: 1678: 1666: 1651: 1650: 1645: 1644: 1643: 1642: 1637: 1632: 1630:United Kingdom 1627: 1622: 1617: 1612: 1607: 1602: 1597: 1592: 1587: 1582: 1577: 1572: 1567: 1562: 1557: 1552: 1547: 1542: 1537: 1532: 1527: 1522: 1517: 1512: 1507: 1502: 1497: 1492: 1487: 1482: 1477: 1472: 1467: 1462: 1457: 1452: 1447: 1442: 1437: 1432: 1427: 1422: 1417: 1412: 1407: 1402: 1397: 1392: 1387: 1382: 1377: 1369: 1368: 1364: 1363: 1362: 1361: 1356: 1351: 1343: 1342: 1336: 1331: 1330: 1327: 1326: 1323: 1322: 1317: 1312: 1307: 1302: 1297: 1292: 1287: 1282: 1277: 1272: 1267: 1262: 1256: 1251: 1250: 1247: 1246: 1241: 1240: 1239: 1238: 1232: 1226: 1223:Tax Foundation 1220: 1214: 1205: 1204: 1200: 1199: 1198: 1197: 1195:Gabriel Zucman 1192: 1187: 1182: 1177: 1172: 1170:Mihir A. Desai 1164: 1163: 1157: 1154: 1153: 1150: 1149: 1146: 1145: 1140: 1135: 1130: 1125: 1120: 1119: 1118: 1113: 1103: 1098: 1092: 1087: 1086: 1083: 1082: 1079: 1078: 1073: 1068: 1063: 1058: 1053: 1048: 1043: 1038: 1033: 1031:Robin Hood tax 1028: 1023: 1015: 1010: 1005: 999: 994: 993: 990: 989: 986: 985: 980: 975: 970: 968:Excess profits 965: 960: 959: 958: 953: 948: 939: 934: 920: 915: 910: 905: 900: 895: 890: 885: 880: 875: 870: 865: 860: 855: 853:Gross receipts 850: 845: 840: 835: 834: 833: 828: 823: 818: 813: 808: 803: 793: 792: 791: 786: 781: 776: 771: 766: 761: 751: 746: 745: 744: 739: 734: 729: 724: 719: 714: 704: 703: 702: 692: 691: 690: 685: 680: 670: 665: 660: 655: 649: 644: 643: 640: 639: 634: 633: 632: 631: 626: 621: 616: 611: 606: 604:Offshore Leaks 601: 596: 591: 590: 589: 584: 569: 568: 567:Major examples 564: 563: 562: 561: 556: 551: 546: 541: 535: 530: 522: 521: 517: 516: 515: 514: 509: 504: 502:Dutch Sandwich 499: 494: 488: 483: 475: 474: 470: 469: 468: 467: 462: 457: 452: 447: 442: 440:Tax resistance 437: 432: 431: 430: 417: 416: 410: 405: 404: 401: 400: 397: 396: 391: 386: 381: 376: 371: 366: 361: 356: 351: 346: 344:Taxable income 341: 339:Tax assessment 336: 331: 325: 320: 319: 316: 315: 310: 309: 308: 307: 302: 297: 292: 287: 279: 278: 274: 273: 272: 271: 266: 261: 256: 251: 246: 241: 233: 232: 231:General Theory 226: 221: 220: 217: 216: 213: 212: 207: 202: 200:Representation 197: 192: 187: 182: 177: 172: 167: 162: 157: 152: 147: 142: 137: 132: 127: 122: 121: 120: 110: 105: 100: 95: 90: 84: 79: 78: 75: 74: 67: 66: 58: 57: 51: 50: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2113: 2102: 2099: 2097: 2094: 2093: 2091: 2081: 2078: 2075: 2072: 2069: 2066: 2065: 2061: 2055: 2049: 2045: 2040: 2036: 2030: 2026: 2021: 2017: 2013: 2009: 2004: 1998: 1994: 1990: 1985: 1981: 1975: 1971: 1967: 1962: 1958: 1952: 1949:. JAI Press. 1948: 1943: 1938: 1932: 1928: 1924: 1920: 1916: 1915: 1911: 1903: 1897: 1894: 1887: 1885: 1883: 1879: 1874: 1870: 1866: 1862: 1858: 1854: 1850: 1846: 1840: 1834: 1826: 1824: 1822: 1821: 1815: 1813: 1809: 1808: 1803: 1799: 1795: 1791: 1787: 1783: 1779: 1775: 1771: 1767: 1763: 1759: 1755: 1751: 1747: 1741: 1733: 1731: 1729: 1725: 1721: 1717: 1705: 1700: 1698: 1693: 1691: 1686: 1685: 1683: 1682: 1677: 1667: 1665: 1660: 1655: 1654: 1653: 1652: 1641: 1638: 1636: 1635:United States 1633: 1631: 1628: 1626: 1623: 1621: 1618: 1616: 1613: 1611: 1608: 1606: 1603: 1601: 1598: 1596: 1593: 1591: 1588: 1586: 1583: 1581: 1578: 1576: 1573: 1571: 1568: 1566: 1563: 1561: 1558: 1556: 1553: 1551: 1548: 1546: 1543: 1541: 1538: 1536: 1533: 1531: 1528: 1526: 1523: 1521: 1518: 1516: 1513: 1511: 1508: 1506: 1503: 1501: 1498: 1496: 1493: 1491: 1488: 1486: 1483: 1481: 1478: 1476: 1473: 1471: 1468: 1466: 1463: 1461: 1458: 1456: 1453: 1451: 1448: 1446: 1443: 1441: 1438: 1436: 1433: 1431: 1428: 1426: 1423: 1421: 1418: 1416: 1413: 1411: 1408: 1406: 1403: 1401: 1398: 1396: 1393: 1391: 1388: 1386: 1383: 1381: 1378: 1376: 1373: 1372: 1371: 1370: 1365: 1360: 1357: 1355: 1352: 1350: 1347: 1346: 1345: 1344: 1341:All Countries 1339: 1334: 1329: 1328: 1321: 1318: 1316: 1313: 1311: 1308: 1306: 1303: 1301: 1298: 1296: 1295:Tolerance tax 1293: 1291: 1288: 1286: 1283: 1281: 1278: 1276: 1273: 1271: 1268: 1266: 1263: 1261: 1258: 1257: 1254: 1249: 1248: 1236: 1233: 1230: 1227: 1224: 1221: 1218: 1215: 1212: 1209: 1208: 1207: 1206: 1201: 1196: 1193: 1191: 1188: 1186: 1183: 1181: 1178: 1176: 1173: 1171: 1168: 1167: 1166: 1165: 1160: 1152: 1151: 1144: 1141: 1139: 1136: 1134: 1131: 1129: 1126: 1124: 1121: 1117: 1114: 1112: 1109: 1108: 1107: 1104: 1102: 1099: 1097: 1094: 1093: 1090: 1085: 1084: 1077: 1074: 1072: 1069: 1067: 1064: 1062: 1059: 1057: 1054: 1052: 1049: 1047: 1044: 1042: 1039: 1037: 1034: 1032: 1029: 1027: 1024: 1021: 1016: 1014: 1011: 1009: 1006: 1004: 1001: 1000: 997: 996:International 992: 991: 984: 981: 979: 976: 974: 971: 969: 966: 964: 961: 957: 954: 952: 949: 947: 943: 940: 938: 935: 933: 930: 929: 928: 924: 921: 919: 916: 914: 911: 909: 906: 904: 901: 899: 898:Resource rent 896: 894: 891: 889: 886: 884: 881: 879: 876: 874: 871: 869: 866: 864: 861: 859: 856: 854: 851: 849: 846: 844: 841: 839: 836: 832: 829: 827: 824: 822: 819: 817: 814: 812: 809: 807: 804: 802: 799: 798: 797: 794: 790: 787: 785: 782: 780: 777: 775: 772: 770: 767: 765: 762: 760: 757: 756: 755: 752: 750: 747: 743: 740: 738: 735: 733: 730: 728: 725: 723: 720: 718: 715: 713: 710: 709: 708: 705: 701: 698: 697: 696: 695:Capital gains 693: 689: 686: 684: 681: 679: 676: 675: 674: 671: 669: 666: 664: 661: 659: 656: 654: 651: 650: 647: 642: 641: 630: 627: 625: 622: 620: 617: 615: 614:Panama Papers 612: 610: 607: 605: 602: 600: 597: 595: 592: 588: 585: 583: 582: 578: 577: 576: 573: 572: 571: 570: 565: 560: 557: 555: 552: 550: 547: 545: 542: 539: 536: 534: 531: 529: 526: 525: 524: 523: 518: 513: 510: 508: 505: 503: 500: 498: 495: 492: 489: 487: 484: 482: 481:Tax inversion 479: 478: 477: 476: 471: 466: 463: 461: 458: 456: 453: 451: 448: 446: 443: 441: 438: 436: 433: 429: 426: 425: 424: 423:Tax avoidance 421: 420: 419: 418: 413: 408: 407:Noncompliance 403: 402: 395: 392: 390: 387: 385: 384:Tax collector 382: 380: 377: 375: 372: 370: 367: 365: 364:Tax residence 362: 360: 357: 355: 352: 350: 347: 345: 342: 340: 337: 335: 334:Revenue stamp 332: 330: 327: 326: 323: 318: 317: 306: 303: 301: 298: 296: 293: 291: 288: 286: 283: 282: 281: 280: 275: 270: 267: 265: 262: 260: 257: 255: 252: 250: 249:Tax incidence 247: 245: 244:Excess burden 242: 240: 237: 236: 235: 234: 229: 224: 219: 218: 211: 208: 206: 203: 201: 198: 196: 193: 191: 188: 186: 183: 181: 178: 176: 173: 171: 170:Tax incentive 168: 166: 165:Tax advantage 163: 161: 158: 156: 153: 151: 148: 146: 143: 141: 138: 136: 133: 131: 128: 126: 125:Tax threshold 123: 119: 116: 115: 114: 111: 109: 106: 104: 101: 99: 96: 94: 91: 89: 86: 85: 82: 77: 76: 73: 72:fiscal policy 70:An aspect of 69: 68: 64: 60: 59: 56: 52: 48: 47: 40: 32: 19: 2043: 2024: 2015: 1995:, New York. 1988: 1965: 1946: 1922: 1912:Bibliography 1901: 1896: 1869:radio signal 1857:toll tunnels 1853:toll bridges 1842: 1839:Road pricing 1820:Pflasterzoll 1818: 1816: 1805: 1743: 1715: 1713: 1595:South Africa 1190:Joel Slemrod 950: 858:Hypothecated 826:Sugary drink 700:Expatriation 579: 497:Double Irish 460:Black market 305:Proportional 254:Laffer curve 239:Price effect 2074:Toll castle 2068:Shadow toll 2012:Smeed, R.J. 1865:transponder 1861:toll booths 1798:Gabler Road 1610:Switzerland 1575:Philippines 1550:New Zealand 1545:Netherlands 1185:Ronen Palan 923:User charge 742:Value-added 707:Consumption 619:Swiss Leaks 507:Single Malt 445:Tax shelter 435:Tax evasion 394:Tax farming 379:Tax shelter 295:Progressive 259:Optimal tax 160:Tax amnesty 155:Tax holiday 113:Tax bracket 98:Tax revenue 2096:Toll (fee) 2090:Categories 2080:Toll point 1888:References 1845:toll roads 1837:See also: 1807:Liniengeld 1802:Karlsfried 1786:Neumünster 1520:Kazakhstan 1405:Bangladesh 1400:Azerbaijan 1333:By country 1290:Temple tax 1260:Church tax 1143:ATA Carnet 1128:Free trade 1123:Tariff war 1051:Tax treaty 932:Congestion 873:Land value 764:Eco-tariff 732:Television 688:Solidarity 668:Ad valorem 528:Tax havens 359:Tax shield 354:Tax refund 322:Collection 300:Regressive 175:Tax reform 1993:Routledge 1849:HOV lanes 1800:with the 1790:Bramstedt 1782:Rendsburg 1770:Ochsenweg 1600:Sri Lanka 1565:Palestine 1525:Lithuania 1490:Indonesia 1475:Hong Kong 1395:Australia 1385:Argentina 1253:Religious 1041:Spahn tax 1036:Tobin tax 888:Pigouvian 806:Cigarette 779:Severance 712:Departure 520:Locations 473:Corporate 455:Smuggling 223:Economics 145:Tax shift 140:Deduction 130:Exemption 2062:See also 2014:(1964). 1921:(2010). 1778:Königsau 1762:medieval 1728:waterway 1620:Tanzania 1585:Portugal 1560:Pakistan 1440:Colombia 1420:Bulgaria 1285:Leibzoll 1162:Academic 1155:Research 973:Windfall 913:Turnover 893:Property 843:Georgist 789:Stumpage 784:Steering 769:Landfill 749:Dividend 673:Aviation 663:Per unit 658:Indirect 349:Tax lien 285:Tax rate 264:Theories 118:Flat tax 81:Policies 55:Taxation 18:Toll fee 2018:. HMSO. 1794:Ulzburg 1746:bridges 1734:History 1640:Uruguay 1540:Namibia 1535:Morocco 1500:Ireland 1480:Iceland 1465:Germany 1455:Finland 1450:Denmark 1445:Croatia 1390:Armenia 1380:Algeria 1375:Albania 1022:(CCCTB) 883:Payroll 838:General 831:Tobacco 801:Alcohol 737:Tourist 683:Landing 415:General 150:Tax cut 108:Tax law 2050:  2031:  1999:  1976:  1953:  1933:  1855:, and 1812:Vienna 1754:Europe 1615:Taiwan 1605:Sweden 1590:Russia 1580:Poland 1555:Norway 1505:Israel 1470:Greece 1460:France 1430:Canada 1415:Brazil 1410:Bhutan 1305:Kharaj 1213:(ITEP) 1116:Export 1111:Import 1106:Tariff 1096:Custom 983:Wealth 908:Surtax 903:Single 878:Luxury 863:Income 796:Excise 759:Carbon 653:Direct 540:(OFCs) 493:(BEPS) 205:Unions 135:Credit 1752:. In 1750:gates 1718:is a 1530:Malta 1515:Japan 1510:Italy 1485:India 1435:China 1320:Zakat 1315:Nisab 1310:Khums 1300:Jizya 1275:Tithe 1270:Teind 1231:(TJN) 1217:Oxfam 1089:Trade 1008:ATTAC 727:Stamp 722:Sales 717:Hotel 646:Types 2048:ISBN 2029:ISBN 1997:ISBN 1974:ISBN 1951:ISBN 1931:ISBN 1792:and 1780:and 1724:road 1716:toll 1570:Peru 1495:Iran 1237:(US) 1225:(US) 1219:(UK) 1101:Duty 951:Toll 946:GNSS 942:Road 937:Fuel 848:Gift 816:Meat 512:CAIA 290:Flat 1847:, 1772:in 1726:or 1720:fee 1425:BVI 927:fee 918:Use 821:Sin 811:Fat 2092:: 1991:. 1968:. 1925:. 1851:, 1788:, 1784:, 1730:. 1714:A 2056:. 2037:. 2005:. 1982:. 1959:. 1939:. 1703:e 1696:t 1689:v 944:/ 925:/ 20:)

Index

Toll fee


Taxation

fiscal policy
Policies
Government revenue
Property tax equalization
Tax revenue
Non-tax revenue
Tax law
Tax bracket
Flat tax
Tax threshold
Exemption
Credit
Deduction
Tax shift
Tax cut
Tax holiday
Tax amnesty
Tax advantage
Tax incentive
Tax reform
Tax harmonization
Tax competition
Tax withholding
Double taxation
Representation

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