1744:
611:"The task that faced the Board in making this appointment was no light one. To preserve the continuity of success and management it was essential to secure a man, not only intellectually capable, but who was also imbued with the ideals of the Society. The long association of Mr. Johnston with the Society as a Delegate and a Member of the Board, and his outstanding qualities which have made him so prominent a figure in the public life of this country, singles him out as the one person to assist the general manager and ultimately to fill as adequately as it is possible the office of general manager. This choice was the unanimous one of the Board."
1674:
681:"My Board does not believe it possible or desirable to defend a system of collection which involves 20 or 30 offices collecting in almost every street in the land: in thousands upon thousands of instances two or three offices sending or permitting agents to collect in the same houses, and in extreme cases the same Society sending or permitting two of its agents to collect in the same houses."
643:
societies, proposing a sub-committee be formed. Despite opposition, in
October 1934, Johnston was elected to the executive of the Association of Collecting Friendly Societies. He went on pressing for his sub-committee until 1938 when, in view of the reluctance of some of the larger societies to participate, he decided that no useful purpose would be served by proceeding with it.
53:
602:"The City of Glasgow Friendly Society had a reputation for humane dealings with its members. We really did try to live up to the word 'Friendly'. So when the miners couldn’t pay their premiums, we helped them instead of lapsing them. We were possibly the only office not to lapse a miner during those strikes."
642:
The following year, in 1934, James
Stewart retired as general manager of the society and Johnston took over. With the society facing ever-rising administration costs as many of their members relocated to England in search of work, Johnston worked out proposals for co-operation between the collecting
1107:
The 1943 Hydro
Electric Development (Scotland) Act nationalised the development of hydro-electric power across Scotland to deliver an ambitious social vision – to deliver power and social improvement to the people of the Highlands. Tom Johnston, then Secretary of State for Scotland and later to be
869:
for a more equitable distribution of the resources and benefits of a modern economy, Johnston strove hard and successfully to win over all interested parties, including generally reluctant landowners, to the goal of harnessing the (then) scarcely developed but naturally well-suited geography and
646:
One of the big changes that occurred during
Johnston's management was the improvement of Society staff conditions. It was the first of its group to give the staff alternative Saturdays off, and it introduced a special bonus system. On several occasions the board proposed salary increases for the
883:
schemes that were world-renowned not only for successfully achieving their technical aims in very demanding terrain but for often doing so in an aesthetically inspiring manner. The economic and social benefits thus brought to all the people of
Scotland, and especially those in rural areas, were
725:
on 12 February 1941, and
Johnston retained the post until May 1945. As Devine (1999) concludes, "Johnston was a giant figure in Scottish politics and is revered to this day as the greatest Scottish Secretary of the century....In essence, Johnston was promised the powers of a benign dictator.".
606:
On 10 October 1932, almost 20 years after joining the board, Johnston was appointed deputy and successor to James
Stewart, the son of the society's original founder. A brochure printed to mark the society's 70th birthday indicated the high regard with which Johnston was held:
2123:
647:
general manager, but on each occasion
Johnston refused. In March 1938, for example, the board proposed to increase his salary by £500 a year. As Johnston knew there would have to be economies among the lower tiers of staff, he refused the increase.
2118:
676:
Responding to the
Beveridge Report, a letter to the Association of Collecting Friendly Societies from David White, the interim general manager of the society, reiterated the need to remove some of the unnecessary costs of Industrial Assurance:
531:. This troubled administration was relatively short-lived; only a handful of Labour ministers supported MacDonald's proposal of a coalition government, with Johnston and other Red Clydesiders among the strong opponents. Long a member of the
593:
Johnston was appointed vice-president of the society in 1919. On his appointment as Member of
Parliament in 1922, he was warmly congratulated by the society's board. When many coal miners were unable to pay their premiums during the
784:
He withdrew from politics in 1945 to run the Hydro Board. Johnston subsequently served as chairman of various Scottish organisations, including the Scottish Tourist Board, the Scottish National Forestry Commission (1945–48) and the
2103:
688:
In 1946, after 34 years’ active service, Johnston retired as the society's general manager. But he did not give up his connection and continued as a director of the trustee company, which held the society's investments.
874:
to the generation of electricity by water power. In the three decades following the Second World War, the Hydro Board's teams of planners, engineers, architects and labourers succeeded in creating an epic succession of
2133:
548:
501:
2128:
1662:
661:
was asked to make a report on industrial assurance, Tom Johnston came back to the campaign he had been waging among the members of the Association of Collecting Friendly Societies. The report
733:, he attracted 700 businesses and 90,000 new jobs through his new Scottish Council of Industry. He set up 32 committees to deal with any number of social and economic problems, ranging from
2113:
2098:
1640:
1655:
1441:
1418:
1382:
1295:
180:
1950:
1915:
1790:
1687:
1170:
2093:
1760:
2168:
2138:
1965:
1648:
1713:
1703:
1825:
424:(2 November 1881 – 5 September 1965) was a prominent Scottish socialist journalist who became a politician of the early 20th century, a member of the
842:
at Foyers and Kinlochleven) was made available locally, but there was no widespread distribution of electricity through a comprehensively integrated
1632:
1618:
420:
43:
2143:
1935:
1865:
1780:
1743:
1708:
816:
810:
786:
750:
552:
1465:
1197:
1131:
742:
710:
524:
497:
288:
175:
2163:
1895:
1529:
1428:
1424:
1392:
1388:
1344:
1305:
1301:
702:
560:
556:
536:
520:
509:
505:
114:
2028:
1920:
1880:
1875:
1795:
1770:
1733:
1458:
1335:
293:
1940:
1930:
1718:
967:
938:
595:
1990:
1885:
1805:
1785:
1765:
1611:
1512:
1074:
102:
40:
619:. In December 1933, he addressed the Glasgow and West of Scotland Faculty of Insurance, where he introduced the idea of an all-in
2060:
2048:
1925:
1277:
570:, Scotland in 1930. Documents relating to this event, which attracted considerable press attention, are available to view in the
493:
866:
1960:
1800:
1723:
1678:
1519:
794:
722:
544:
540:
67:
2064:
1820:
769:
632:
416:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
1855:
1835:
590:
some 50 years previously, with the intention of providing a "safe and sound means of investment for the working classes."
571:
429:
17:
2158:
2153:
1585:
587:
465:
954:
925:
729:
Johnston launched numerous initiatives to promote Scotland. Opposed to the excessive concentration of industry in the
1502:
1363:
880:
843:
615:
Though an active politician and MP, Johnston devoted considerable time to the society, and proposed novel ideas about
168:
1177:
709:, appointed Johnston as Commissioner for Civil Defence in Scotland. In this role, Johnston oversaw preparations for
854:
2108:
862:
768:
threat north of the border and created a Scottish Council of State and a Council of Industry as institutions to
1552:
827:
685:
The letter goes on to remind the Association of the attempts by Tom Johnston to get a sub-committee appointed.
532:
1340:
1211:
513:
635:. In effect, the society played a role in shaping the life assurance movement and what is now known as the
2148:
1622:
1373:
1312:
876:
798:
238:
1171:"The Friendly Adventure: The Story of Scottish Friendly Assurance Society's One Hundred and Fifty Years"
1108:
the chairman of the North of Scotland Hydro-Electric Board, was the driving force behind this grand plan
831:
670:
658:
624:
582:
On 17 October 1912, Tom Johnston was welcomed to the board of the City of Glasgow Friendly Society (now
460:
388:
1268:
1142:
2088:
2083:
1810:
765:
734:
433:
32:
2033:
790:
412:
1409:
1399:
1147:
871:
847:
839:
754:
714:
567:
203:
598:, the society remained supportive, in line with its founding principles; according to Johnston:
2006:
1193:
1127:
1070:
963:
934:
718:
651:
583:
425:
360:
90:
650:
In 1941, Tom Johnson was appointed wartime Secretary of State for Scotland by Prime Minister
2000:
1485:
1358:
1350:
1322:
835:
698:
666:
620:
528:
478:
437:
156:
144:
865:, but undoubtedly determined to address the very strong popular sentiment of the immediate
2023:
1955:
1905:
1900:
1870:
1860:
1830:
1492:
1475:
1094:
899:
He married Margaret F. Cochrane (d.1977) in 1914 and they were married for over 50 years.
486:
121:
789:(1946–59). He represented Scottish interests in the council appointed to devise the 1951
1815:
1775:
1673:
1435:
706:
616:
456:
215:
2077:
2038:
1995:
1910:
745:), using new hospitals set up in the expectation of large numbers of casualties from
738:
636:
470:
452:
332:
2043:
1970:
1945:
1596:
1544:
823:
474:
1090:
1327:
956:
Biographical Index of Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783–2002
927:
Biographical Index of Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783–2002
628:
448:
Johnston was the son of David Johnston, a grocer, and his wife, Mary Blackwood.
1229:
535:, he opposed its disaffiliation from the Labour Party. He lost his seat at the
2018:
2012:
1286:
383:
271:
52:
654:
but continued to work for the society and the principles for which it stood.
586:). John Stewart had established the society as a breakaway movement from the
906:
773:
761:
746:
349:
2124:
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Stirling constituencies
741:. He regulated rents, and set up a prototype national health service (see
902:
From 1950 to 1952 he served as President of the Scottish History Society.
2119:
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Dundee constituencies
858:
834:
serving urban locations, and excess capacity from a few large industrial
730:
1263:
1137:
764:
movement, he was able to persuade Churchill of the need to counter the
566:
Johnston was the key government figure involved in the evacuation of
428:, a member of parliament (MP) and government minister – usually with
2104:
Independent Labour Party National Administrative Committee members
717:, and the organisation of shelter and relief work. Prime Minister
469:, in 1906, and in the same city later became associated with the '
463:, he failed to graduate, but helped launch the left-wing journal,
1644:
519:
He was re-elected for Stirling and Clackmannan Western at the
578:
The City of Glasgow Friendly Society (now Scottish Friendly)
547:, which affiliated to Labour, and he returned (representing
455:
in 1881 and educated at Kirkintilloch Board School then at
822:
Until the 1940s, many rural areas of Scotland outwith the
749:. His most successful venture was setting up a system of
853:
Possibly inspired by the earlier example of the American
459:. Studying Moral Philosophy and Political Economy at the
2134:
Ministers in the Churchill wartime government, 1940–1945
815:
Undoubtedly his greatest legacy was the creation of the
1152:
Labour and Scottish Government: The Age of Tom Johnston
673:
put in place by the Labour government elected in 1945.
1228:
Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, May 2006
1979:
1844:
1751:
1694:
394:
382:
374:
366:
356:
339:
319:
314:
287:
277:
265:
244:
232:
209:
197:
174:
162:
150:
138:
120:
108:
96:
84:
66:
30:
2129:Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
512:. He quickly returned to Parliament, winning the
2114:Members of the Order of the Companions of Honour
1224:Walker, Graham. "Johnston, Thomas (1881–1965)",
826:had little or no electricity supply. There were
669:) served as the basis for the post-World War II
539:, and failed to be returned at a by-election in
1163:Journal of the Scottish Labour History Society,
1091:"In pictures: 70 years of Scottish hydro power"
1688:Office of the Secretary of State for Scotland
1656:
1208:The Secretaries of State for Scotland 1926-76
962:. The Royal Society of Edinburgh. July 2006.
933:. The Royal Society of Edinburgh. July 2006.
8:
1124:Without Quarter: A Biography of Tom Johnston
1269:contributions in Parliament by Tom Johnston
1143:contributions in Parliament by Tom Johnston
1663:
1649:
1641:
1273:
1019:
1007:
995:
894:History of the Working Classes in Scotland
697:In April 1939, during the build-up to the
261:15 November 1922 – 9 October 1924
51:
27:
2099:Chancellors of the University of Aberdeen
559:and remained an MP until retiring in the
16:For other people with the same name, see
1551:Scottish Division representative on the
1226:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography,
1161:Douds, Gerard. "Tom Johnston in India,"
193:14 November 1935 – 15 June 1945
917:
306:22 December 1924 – 10 May 1929
134:24 March 1931 – 24 August 1931
1190:The Dam Builders: Power from the Glens
1060:
1058:
1056:
1054:
984:The Radical Left in Britain: 1931–1941
817:North of Scotland Hydro-Electric Board
811:North of Scotland Hydro-Electric Board
787:North of Scotland Hydro-Electric Board
473:', a socialist grouping that included
436:. He was also a notable figure in the
80:8 February 1941 – 23 May 1945
1466:Under-Secretary of State for Scotland
525:Under-Secretary of State for Scotland
228:30 May 1929 – 7 October 1931
7:
663:Social Insurance and Allied Services
2094:Alumni of the University of Glasgow
1158:No. 2, Spring 1981, pp. 1 – 20
801:from 1951 until his death in 1965.
1169:House, Jack; Laing, Allan (2012).
14:
2169:Secretaries of State for Scotland
2139:People educated at Lenzie Academy
1980:Secretaries of State for Scotland
1845:Secretaries of State for Scotland
1695:Secretaries of State for Scotland
1679:Secretaries of State for Scotland
1156:The Bulletin of Scottish Politics
760:A long-standing supporter of the
23:Scottish socialist and politician
2061:Secretary of State for Transport
1742:
1672:
1555:National Administrative Council
1278:Parliament of the United Kingdom
508:, Johnston lost his seat at the
1520:Secretary of State for Scotland
795:Freedom of the City of Aberdeen
723:Secretary of State for Scotland
485:, which aimed to discredit the
481:. In 1909 he published a book,
68:Secretary of State for Scotland
2144:Politicians from Kirkintilloch
2065:Secretary of State for Defence
506:November 1922 general election
1:
797:. He was also Chancellor of
793:. In 1948 he was awarded the
572:National Archives of Scotland
549:Stirling and Clackmannan West
510:October 1924 general election
502:Stirling and Clackmannan West
492:First elected as a Member of
18:Tom Johnston (disambiguation)
861:administration of President
832:diesel-driven power stations
588:Royal Liver Friendly Society
2164:Scottish newspaper founders
1238:(1988), scholarly biography
1122:Galbraith, Russell (1995),
846:system such as the present
844:electric power transmission
596:1926 British general strike
2210:
1612:Field Marshall Earl Wavell
1206:Pottinger, George (1979),
884:immense and long-lasting.
855:Tennessee Valley Authority
808:
743:Emergency Hospital Service
500:) for the constituency of
352:, Dunbartonshire, Scotland
335:, Dunbartonshire, Scotland
15:
2057:
1740:
1685:
1629:
1616:
1608:
1603:
1593:
1581:
1573:
1568:
1560:
1549:
1541:
1536:
1526:
1517:
1509:
1499:
1490:
1482:
1472:
1463:
1455:
1450:
1432:
1416:Member of Parliament for
1414:
1406:
1396:
1380:Member of Parliament for
1378:
1370:
1355:
1334:Member of Parliament for
1332:
1319:
1309:
1293:Member of Parliament for
1291:
1283:
1276:
892:In 1920 he published the
836:hydroelectricity stations
753:using water power in the
402:
310:
299:
254:
221:
186:
127:
73:
62:
50:
1752:Secretaries for Scotland
1553:Independent Labour Party
1537:Party political offices
1219:The Scottish Secretaries
1214:, Edinburgh, pp. 87 - 99
1165:1984, Issue 19, pp 6–21,
838:(e.g. those serving the
828:coal-fired steam-turbine
545:Scottish Socialist Party
543:, but he joined the new
533:Independent Labour Party
523:, when he was appointed
483:Our Scots Noble Families
1212:Scottish Academic Press
1623:University of Aberdeen
1374:Guy Dalrymple Fanshawe
1313:Guy Dalrymple Fanshawe
1188:Miller, James (2003).
1020:House & Laing 2012
1008:House & Laing 2012
996:House & Laing 2012
877:electricity generation
721:appointed Johnston as
541:Dunbartonshire in 1932
440:movement in Scotland.
283:Guy Dalrymple Fanshawe
239:Guy Dalrymple Fanshawe
909:on 5 September 1965.
809:Further information:
772:some power away from
671:British welfare state
659:Sir William Beveridge
561:1945 general election
557:1935 general election
537:1931 general election
521:1929 general election
461:University of Glasgow
389:University of Glasgow
1811:Thomas McKinnon Wood
1530:The Earl of Rosebery
1230:accessed 19 Dec 2010
863:Franklin D Roosevelt
766:Scottish nationalist
735:juvenile delinquency
289:Member of Parliament
176:Member of Parliament
115:The Earl of Rosebery
33:The Right Honourable
2159:Scottish socialists
2154:Scottish Labour MPs
1806:Sinclair (Pentland)
1791:Balfour of Burleigh
1148:Harvie, Christopher
1033:The Scottish Nation
799:Aberdeen University
791:Festival of Britain
432:responsibility for
1451:Political offices
1442:West Stirlingshire
1419:West Stirlingshire
1410:James Campbell Ker
1400:James Campbell Ker
1383:West Stirlingshire
1296:West Stirlingshire
1065:Emma Wood (2002).
872:Scottish Highlands
857:initiative of the
840:aluminium smelters
805:Power to the Glens
755:Scottish Highlands
711:aerial bombardment
527:by Prime Minister
514:Dundee by-election
487:landed aristocracy
250:James Campbell Ker
204:James Campbell Ker
181:West Stirlingshire
2071:
2070:
1982:(post-devolution)
1639:
1638:
1633:The Lord Polwarth
1630:Succeeded by
1604:Academic offices
1594:Succeeded by
1561:Succeeded by
1527:Succeeded by
1500:Succeeded by
1473:Succeeded by
1445:
1433:Succeeded by
1397:Succeeded by
1356:Succeeded by
1310:Succeeded by
1199:978-1-84158-225-2
1132:978-1-78027-471-3
780:Post-war activity
719:Winston Churchill
715:possible invasion
652:Winston Churchill
623:scheme, covering
584:Scottish Friendly
406:
405:
398:Clerk, journalist
370:Margaret Freeland
91:Winston Churchill
2201:
2194:UK MPs 1935–1945
2189:UK MPs 1929–1931
2184:UK MPs 1924–1929
2179:UK MPs 1923–1924
2174:UK MPs 1922–1923
2109:Lords Privy Seal
1847:(pre-devolution)
1746:
1677:
1676:
1665:
1658:
1651:
1642:
1609:Preceded by
1574:Preceded by
1542:Preceded by
1510:Preceded by
1486:Vernon Hartshorn
1483:Preceded by
1456:Preceded by
1439:
1421:
1407:Preceded by
1385:
1371:Preceded by
1359:Edwin Scrymgeour
1351:Edwin Scrymgeour
1323:Edwin Scrymgeour
1320:Preceded by
1298:
1284:Preceded by
1274:
1234:Walker, Graham.
1217:Torrance, David
1203:
1184:
1182:
1176:. Archived from
1175:
1111:
1110:
1104:
1102:
1087:
1081:
1080:
1062:
1049:
1042:
1036:
1031:T. M. Devine,
1029:
1023:
1017:
1011:
1005:
999:
993:
987:
980:
974:
973:
961:
951:
945:
944:
932:
922:
751:hydroelectricity
731:English Midlands
699:Second World War
667:Beveridge Report
621:social insurance
553:House of Commons
529:Ramsay MacDonald
438:Friendly society
434:Scottish affairs
423:
346:
343:5 September 1965
329:
327:
315:Personal details
304:
280:
268:
259:
247:
235:
226:
212:
200:
191:
165:
157:Vernon Hartshorn
153:
145:Ramsay MacDonald
141:
132:
111:
99:
87:
78:
55:
28:
2209:
2208:
2204:
2203:
2202:
2200:
2199:
2198:
2074:
2073:
2072:
2067:
2053:
1983:
1981:
1975:
1848:
1846:
1840:
1753:
1747:
1738:
1696:
1690:
1681:
1671:
1669:
1635:
1626:
1614:
1599:
1590:
1579:
1564:
1557:
1547:
1532:
1523:
1515:
1505:
1496:
1493:Lord Privy Seal
1488:
1478:
1476:Joseph Westwood
1469:
1461:
1446:
1438:
1423:
1417:
1412:
1402:
1387:
1381:
1376:
1366:
1362:
1347:
1339:
1330:
1326:
1315:
1300:
1294:
1289:
1259:
1248:Johnston, Tom.
1245:
1243:Primary sources
1236:Thomas Johnston
1200:
1187:
1183:on 26 May 2012.
1180:
1173:
1168:
1119:
1114:
1100:
1098:
1095:BBC News Online
1089:
1088:
1084:
1077:
1069:. Luath Press.
1064:
1063:
1052:
1046:Scottish Nation
1043:
1039:
1030:
1026:
1018:
1014:
1006:
1002:
994:
990:
981:
977:
970:
959:
953:
952:
948:
941:
930:
924:
923:
919:
915:
890:
870:climate of the
867:post-war period
813:
807:
782:
695:
580:
471:Red Clydesiders
451:He was born in
446:
411:
409:Thomas Johnston
357:Political party
348:
344:
331:
330:2 November 1881
325:
323:
305:
300:
291:
278:
266:
260:
255:
245:
233:
227:
222:
210:
198:
192:
187:
178:
163:
151:
139:
133:
128:
122:Lord Privy Seal
109:
97:
85:
79:
74:
58:
46:
38:
37:Thomas Johnston
35:
24:
21:
12:
11:
5:
2207:
2205:
2197:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2076:
2075:
2069:
2068:
2058:
2055:
2054:
2052:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2010:
2004:
1998:
1993:
1987:
1985:
1977:
1976:
1974:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1852:
1850:
1842:
1841:
1839:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1757:
1755:
1749:
1748:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1700:
1698:
1692:
1691:
1686:
1683:
1682:
1670:
1668:
1667:
1660:
1653:
1645:
1637:
1636:
1631:
1628:
1615:
1610:
1606:
1605:
1601:
1600:
1595:
1592:
1580:
1575:
1571:
1570:
1569:Media offices
1566:
1565:
1562:
1559:
1548:
1543:
1539:
1538:
1534:
1533:
1528:
1525:
1516:
1511:
1507:
1506:
1501:
1498:
1489:
1484:
1480:
1479:
1474:
1471:
1462:
1457:
1453:
1452:
1448:
1447:
1436:Alfred Balfour
1434:
1431:
1413:
1408:
1404:
1403:
1398:
1395:
1377:
1372:
1368:
1367:
1364:Michael Marcus
1357:
1354:
1331:
1321:
1317:
1316:
1311:
1308:
1290:
1285:
1281:
1280:
1272:
1271:
1258:
1257:External links
1255:
1254:
1253:
1244:
1241:
1240:
1239:
1232:
1222:
1221:(Birlinn 2006)
1215:
1204:
1198:
1185:
1166:
1159:
1145:
1134:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1112:
1082:
1075:
1067:The Hydro Boys
1050:
1037:
1024:
1012:
1000:
988:
975:
969:0-902-198-84-X
968:
946:
940:0-902-198-84-X
939:
916:
914:
911:
889:
886:
806:
803:
781:
778:
747:German bombing
707:Home Secretary
694:
691:
683:
682:
665:(known as the
617:life assurance
613:
612:
604:
603:
579:
576:
479:Manny Shinwell
457:Lenzie Academy
445:
444:Red Clydesider
442:
404:
403:
400:
399:
396:
392:
391:
386:
380:
379:
376:
372:
371:
368:
364:
363:
358:
354:
353:
347:(aged 83)
341:
337:
336:
321:
317:
316:
312:
311:
308:
307:
297:
296:
285:
284:
281:
275:
274:
269:
263:
262:
252:
251:
248:
242:
241:
236:
230:
229:
219:
218:
216:Alfred Balfour
213:
207:
206:
201:
195:
194:
184:
183:
172:
171:
166:
160:
159:
154:
148:
147:
142:
140:Prime Minister
136:
135:
125:
124:
118:
117:
112:
106:
105:
100:
94:
93:
88:
86:Prime Minister
82:
81:
71:
70:
64:
63:
60:
59:
56:
48:
47:
39:
36:
31:
22:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2206:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2149:Red Clydeside
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2081:
2079:
2066:
2062:
2056:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2014:
2011:
2008:
2005:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1988:
1986:
1978:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1853:
1851:
1843:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1758:
1756:
1750:
1745:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1701:
1699:
1693:
1689:
1684:
1680:
1675:
1666:
1661:
1659:
1654:
1652:
1647:
1646:
1643:
1634:
1625:
1624:
1620:
1613:
1607:
1602:
1598:
1589:
1588:
1587:
1578:
1572:
1567:
1563:J. B. Houston
1556:
1554:
1546:
1540:
1535:
1531:
1522:
1521:
1514:
1508:
1504:
1503:The Earl Peel
1495:
1494:
1487:
1481:
1477:
1468:
1467:
1460:
1459:Walter Elliot
1454:
1449:
1443:
1437:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1420:
1411:
1405:
1401:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1384:
1375:
1369:
1365:
1360:
1353:
1352:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1337:
1329:
1324:
1318:
1314:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1297:
1288:
1282:
1279:
1275:
1270:
1266:
1265:
1261:
1260:
1256:
1251:
1247:
1246:
1242:
1237:
1233:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1220:
1216:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1195:
1191:
1186:
1179:
1172:
1167:
1164:
1160:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1140:
1139:
1135:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1120:
1116:
1109:
1096:
1092:
1086:
1083:
1078:
1076:9781842820162
1072:
1068:
1061:
1059:
1057:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1041:
1038:
1034:
1028:
1025:
1022:, p. 42.
1021:
1016:
1013:
1010:, p. 35.
1009:
1004:
1001:
998:, p. 32.
997:
992:
989:
985:
979:
976:
971:
965:
958:
957:
950:
947:
942:
936:
929:
928:
921:
918:
912:
910:
908:
903:
900:
897:
895:
887:
885:
882:
878:
873:
868:
864:
860:
856:
851:
849:
848:National Grid
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
825:
820:
818:
812:
804:
802:
800:
796:
792:
788:
779:
777:
775:
771:
767:
763:
758:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
739:sheep farming
736:
732:
727:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
703:John Anderson
700:
693:Wartime roles
692:
690:
686:
680:
679:
678:
674:
672:
668:
664:
660:
655:
653:
648:
644:
640:
638:
637:Welfare State
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
610:
609:
608:
601:
600:
599:
597:
591:
589:
585:
577:
575:
573:
569:
564:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
517:
516:in December.
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
490:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
467:
462:
458:
454:
453:Kirkintilloch
449:
443:
441:
439:
435:
431:
427:
422:
418:
414:
410:
401:
397:
393:
390:
387:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
362:
359:
355:
351:
342:
338:
334:
333:Kirkintilloch
322:
318:
313:
309:
303:
298:
295:
290:
286:
282:
276:
273:
270:
264:
258:
253:
249:
243:
240:
237:
231:
225:
220:
217:
214:
208:
205:
202:
196:
190:
185:
182:
177:
173:
170:
169:The Earl Peel
167:
161:
158:
155:
149:
146:
143:
137:
131:
126:
123:
119:
116:
113:
107:
104:
101:
95:
92:
89:
83:
77:
72:
69:
65:
61:
54:
49:
45:
42:
34:
29:
26:
19:
1984:1999–present
1890:
1728:
1617:
1597:Emrys Hughes
1584:
1582:
1577:New position
1576:
1550:
1545:James Maxton
1518:
1513:Ernest Brown
1491:
1464:
1415:
1379:
1349:
1333:
1292:
1262:
1249:
1235:
1225:
1218:
1207:
1189:
1178:the original
1162:
1155:
1151:
1136:
1123:
1117:Bibliography
1106:
1099:. Retrieved
1097:. 8 May 2013
1085:
1066:
1045:
1040:
1035:(1999) 551-2
1032:
1027:
1015:
1003:
991:
983:
982:James Jupp,
978:
955:
949:
926:
920:
904:
901:
898:
893:
891:
888:Private life
881:distribution
852:
824:Central Belt
821:
814:
783:
759:
728:
696:
687:
684:
675:
662:
656:
649:
645:
641:
625:unemployment
614:
605:
592:
581:
565:
518:
491:
482:
475:James Maxton
464:
450:
447:
426:Labour Party
408:
407:
345:(1965-09-05)
301:
279:Succeeded by
256:
246:Succeeded by
223:
211:Succeeded by
188:
164:Succeeded by
129:
110:Succeeded by
103:Ernest Brown
75:
25:
2089:1965 deaths
2084:1881 births
1709:Queensberry
1328:E. D. Morel
1267:1803–2005:
1192:. Birlinn.
1141:1803–2005:
1126:, Birlinn,
905:He died in
267:Preceded by
234:Preceded by
199:Preceded by
152:Preceded by
98:Preceded by
2078:Categories
2034:Carmichael
1801:Linlithgow
1627:1951–1965
1619:Chancellor
1591:1906–1931
1583:Editor of
1558:1916–1918
1524:1941–1945
1470:1929–1931
1287:Harry Hope
494:Parliament
395:Profession
384:Alma mater
326:1881-11-02
272:Harry Hope
2024:Alexander
2007:Alexander
1849:1926–1999
1786:Trevelyan
1771:Dalhousie
1766:Trevelyan
1754:1885–1926
1734:Tweeddale
1724:Roxburghe
1697:1707–1746
907:Milngavie
830:and some
774:Whitehall
762:Home Rule
551:) to the
350:Milngavie
302:In office
257:In office
224:In office
189:In office
130:In office
76:In office
1936:Campbell
1906:Woodburn
1901:Westwood
1896:Rosebery
1891:Johnston
1881:Colville
1866:Sinclair
1761:Richmond
1719:Montrose
1250:Memories
1150:(1981),
1101:7 August
1048:pp 553–4
1044:Devine,
859:New Deal
633:pensions
568:St Kilda
375:Children
57:Johnston
2039:Mundell
2001:Darling
1996:Liddell
1966:Forsyth
1956:Rifkind
1951:Younger
1871:Collins
1861:Adamson
1856:Gilmour
1836:Gilmour
1831:Adamson
1816:Tennant
1781:Lothian
1776:Balfour
1621:of the
1586:Forward
1264:Hansard
1138:Hansard
770:devolve
555:at the
466:Forward
430:Cabinet
2059:*Also
2049:Murray
2019:Murphy
2013:Browne
1946:Millan
1921:Maclay
1916:Stuart
1911:McNeil
1876:Elliot
1796:Murray
1729:Vacant
1348:With:
1336:Dundee
1252:(1952)
1196:
1130:
1073:
986:, p.47
966:
937:
705:, the
629:health
367:Spouse
361:Labour
294:Dundee
2029:Moore
1971:Dewar
1926:Noble
1886:Brown
1826:Novar
1821:Munro
1497:1931
1440:(for
1181:(PDF)
1174:(PDF)
1154:, in
960:(PDF)
931:(PDF)
913:Notes
657:When
419:
415:
2063:; **
2044:Jack
1991:Reid
1961:Lang
1941:Ross
1931:Ross
1429:1945
1425:1935
1393:1931
1389:1929
1345:1929
1341:1924
1306:1924
1302:1922
1194:ISBN
1128:ISBN
1103:2016
1071:ISBN
964:ISBN
935:ISBN
879:and
713:and
631:and
477:and
421:FRSE
340:Died
320:Born
292:for
179:for
44:FRSE
1714:Mar
1704:Mar
1361:and
1325:and
737:to
504:in
2080::
2015:**
1210:,
1105:.
1093:.
1053:^
896:.
850:.
819:.
776:.
757:.
701:,
639:.
627:,
574:.
563:.
498:MP
489:.
417:PC
413:CH
41:CH
2009:*
2003:*
1664:e
1657:t
1650:v
1444:)
1427:–
1391:–
1343:–
1304:–
1202:.
1079:.
972:.
943:.
496:(
378:2
328:)
324:(
20:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
