87:'s concept of fully tunable toms, the Slingerland drum and banjo company were the first, in 1936, to begin offering fully tunable tom-toms (top and bottom heads) with metal or wooden rims, tension rods, and lugs. Most Chinese toms were 10 to 14 inches in diameter, but the American drum companies were eventually producing a wider range of diameters and depths. These drums were usually clamped to the bass drum rims or sat in cradles as floor stand drums. The sizes that Krupa chose became the "standard" for many decades and they were 13 × 9″ (mounted) and 16 × 16″ (floor). Later, mounted on three (or, if larger than 16 × 16″, four) legs were attached to the floor tom designs. Together with a snare drum and a bass drum of varying size, the combination of the four drums became a "set". (The term "kit" did not appear until the mid 1960s.)
196:"FAST" sizes are 10×8, 12×9, 13×10, etc., a marketing term used by DW, although not unique to DW, but with all drum manufacturers. The "New standard" sizes - 10×9, 12×10, 13×11, etc. are 2" deeper than what was considered "standard" in the 1950s. "Power" toms are one inch deeper than standard, with sizes of 10×9 or 10×10, 12×11, 13×12, which overtook the classic setup in popularity during the 1980s. Square - 10×10, 12×12, 13×13, etc., have been common in the 1980s and 1990s. Hyperdrive are shallow depths made popular initially by Tama: 10×6.5, 12×7, 13×7.5, etc.
377:, one or two cast or pressed metal rims attach by threaded tension rods or lugs to nut boxes bolted onto the shell and hold the heads onto the bearing edges of the shell. The tension rod assembly needs to be precision-machined, cast and fitted to enable predictable and secure tuning without inhibiting resonance or introducing extra vibration. All components will be placed under great tension and experience added stresses from playing.
366:
123:
329:. Shell depth standards vary according to the era of manufacture and drum style. Tom-toms are typically made in diameters of: 6 in (15 cm), 8 in (20 cm), 10 in (25 cm), 12 in (30 cm), 13 in (33 cm), 14 in (36 cm), 15 in (38 cm), 16 in (41 cm) and 18 in (46 cm), with heads to fit.
210:
27:
177:
316:
is a double-skin drum, most often but not always as deep as its diameter, traditionally mounted on three legs and to the drummer's right for a right-handed drummer. It is normally the deepest-toned drum played by sticks in the kit, above the bass drum but below all others, and the most resonant, more
78:
The
British colonists complained loudly about the noise generated by the "tom-toms" of the natives throughout South Asia. It is likely that the term tom-toms thus comes from their experiences in colonial Sri Lanka (then called Ceylon) or South India. The term "tom-tom" also has variants in the Telugu
79:
and Hindi languages, but only in Sri Lanka is there an indigenous drum with the same name (thammattama). Perhaps because of
Westerners' lack of experience with Asian cultures, the term is often misattributed to the Chinese, given that "tam-tam" in Western classical music refers to a Chinese gong.
74:
The drum called "Thammattama", played by the
Sinhala people of Sri Lanka, is used in a number of Buddhist rituals in that country. It is commonly heard in Buddhist temples paired along with the reed instrument called horanava. This may be etymologically derived from the Tamil term "Thappattam" or
384:
Another sort of rod clamp system allows attachment of the drum to the tom holder without the need of a hole in the drum shell for the rod to pass through. The clamp is attached to the shell at the nodal point with two bolts so as to allow the shell to vibrate freely without degrading the shell's
353:, resin-composite). Wood or composite shells can be finished by laminating in plastic in a large variety of colours and effects (e. g. sparkle or polychromatic); natural wood may be stained or left natural and painted with clear lacquer. Steel is usually chromed, fibreglass self-coloured and
259:
and some composers write for them as a tuned instrument, demanding specific notes. They can be tuned quickly by rotating the head. Since the head rotates on a thread, this raises or lowers the head relative to the rim of the drum and so increases or decreases the tension in the head.
192:
In the 1950-1980s the standard depth rack toms were 12×8 and 13×9. This "classic" configuration is still popular. Concert toms came in the early 1970s, with Ludwig producing single headed toms in 6x5.5, 8x5.5, 10x6.5, 12x8, 13x9, 14x10, 15x12, 16x14, etc. mounted in pairs on a stand.
380:
Mounting systems vary greatly, from a simple cast block on the shell which accepts and clamps to a rod attached to a clamp or holder to much more sophisticated arrangements where there is no attachment to the shell, instead a frame clamps to the tuning lugs.
169:
A basic fusion configuration refers to a set-up which has 10", 12" and 14" diameter toms. Note that these terms do not imply drum depths, so for example, the 14" in a fusion setup could have depth 10, 11, 12, or could be a 14×14 floor tom.
348:
Shells are often constructed of 6–8 wood plies (often using different woods e. g. mahogany and falkata — birch or maple are commonly used for single-wood plies), solid wood (turned) or man-made materials (e. g. fibreglass, pressed steel,
272:(also known as "gong drum"), is a large, single-headed tom often sized at 20 in (51 cm) or 22 in (56 cm), with the drumhead being 2 in (5.1 cm) larger than the shell. The sound produced is similar to a
344:
A crucial factor in achieving superior tone quality and insuring durability, especially with wood, is the creation of perfectly round shells and much research and development has been put into this manufacturing technology.
82:
The first
American drum set toms had no rims and were usually what were referred to as "Chinese" tom toms. The pigskin heads were tacked to the wooden shells with metal tacks. Through close collaboration with
134:
429:
114:
A wide variety of configurations have been available and in use at all levels from advanced student kits upwards. Most toms range in size between 6 and 20 inches (15 and 51 cm) in diameter, though
447:
465:
276:, though it is more open and has longer sustain. They can be mounted with standard floor tom legs, though many drummers mount them at an angle next to the floor tom(s). Notable users include
75:"Thappu", a frame drum associated with South Indian Tamil culture. However, the tom-tom drums on the Western drum set clearly resemble the Sri Lankan version more than the frame drum.
385:
dynamic range and sustain. The nodal point is the location on a shell with the least amount of vibration allowing for the mount to have minimal effect on the resonance of the shell.
173:
The terms "fusion" and "rock" are marketing terms invented by drum manufacturing companies, and there is no absolute definition for them; more a case of an accepted norm.
765:
593:
Roberts, Michael (1990). "Noise as cultural struggle: tom-tom beating, the
British and communal disturbances in Sri Lanka, 1880s-1930s". In Das, Veena (ed.).
233:
used four single-headed rack-mount toms and two floor toms (Gretsch) in his setup. They are generally easier to tune as they have no bottom head to adjust.
722:
1173:
1102:
1158:
787:
758:
706:
681:
602:
577:
552:
527:
1132:
899:
751:
62:
in the early part of the 20th century. Most toms range in size between 6 and 20 inches (15 and 51 cm) in diameter, though
804:
783:
652:
627:
1137:
1127:
1007:
795:
1168:
1117:
1122:
1071:
255:
have no shell at all, just a single head and a steel frame. Unlike most other drums, they have a variable definite
47:
162:
in inches used throughout this article. For a more detailed description of the conventions and their usage, see
155:
In the 50s and early 60s, it was common to have only a single hanging tom (a 13") and a single floor tom (16").
726:
289:
20:
1012:
1022:
774:
163:
947:
1081:
1061:
225:, have also been used in drum kits, though their use has fallen off in popularity since the 1970s.
1076:
1112:
702:
677:
648:
623:
598:
573:
548:
523:
281:
240:
has also been used to describe double- or single-headed tom-tom drums designed for use in a
229:
have a single head and a shell slightly shallower than the corresponding double-headed tom.
55:
1035:
673:
158:
A basic rock configuration consists of 12" and 13" hanging toms, and a 16" floor tom with
332:
Tom-toms can be fitted with an adjustable mounting for a floor stand, or attachment to a
1163:
1066:
1040:
301:
269:
214:
30:
12 in × 8 in (30 cm × 20 cm) rack tom mounted to a stand
1152:
997:
842:
832:
374:
354:
350:
293:
256:
127:
1030:
822:
388:
Some drummers use a snare stand to hold and to make it easier to position the tom.
297:
285:
241:
230:
51:
1086:
365:
122:
1107:
987:
977:
912:
847:
411:
277:
84:
570:
Crucible of
Conflict: Tamil and Muslim Society on the East Coast of Sri Lanka
480:
967:
932:
907:
852:
837:
333:
313:
273:
217:
simply removed the bottom heads from his hanging toms to create concert toms
209:
181:
116:
63:
325:
Typically, a tom consists of a shell, chromed or plated metal hardware and
26:
1056:
1002:
927:
875:
865:
817:
812:
743:
326:
59:
952:
885:
870:
827:
252:
962:
957:
937:
922:
917:
982:
972:
942:
880:
208:
176:
175:
121:
25:
992:
395:
43:
747:
484:
106:, never achieved popularity. All these were double-headed.
98:, were deepened by one inch each, these sizes being called
508:
Oxford
English Dictionary, 1st Edition, Oxford: OUP, 1928
520:
The
Musical Gift: Sonic Generosity in Post-War Sri Lanka
369:
A shell-mounted clamp attached to ball-head floor stand.
336:
or marching rig. They can be single- or double-headed.
1095:
1049:
1021:
898:
803:
794:
19:"Tom toms" redirects here. For other uses, see
645:The Complete History of the Leedy Drum Company
759:
723:"Pearl Drums - Philharmonic PTA Concert Toms"
597:. Oxford University Press. pp. 240–285.
8:
66:can go as large as 24 inches (61 cm).
800:
766:
752:
744:
119:can go as large as 24 inches (61 cm).
1103:Classification of percussion instruments
476:
419:
364:
501:
788:List of percussion instruments by type
547:. Createspace Independent Publishing.
221:Single-headed tom-toms, also known as
7:
545:Sri Lankan Drumming; The Thammattama
102:. Extra-deep hanging toms, known as
697:Aldridge, John (31 December 2000).
90:Later, the mounted toms, known as
14:
1174:Orchestral percussion instruments
1133:List of vibraphone manufacturers
668:Dean, Matt (29 December 2011).
1159:Directly struck membranophones
784:List of percussion instruments
1:
1138:List of timpani manufacturers
1128:List of marimba manufacturers
647:. Centerstream Publications.
1118:List of cymbal manufacturers
461:
443:
425:
321:Construction and manufacture
317:so than even the bass drum.
701:. Centerstream Publishing.
522:. Oxford University Press.
244:rather than in a drum kit.
1190:
1123:List of drum manufacturers
1072:Indoor percussion ensemble
568:McGilvray, Dennis (2008).
18:
861:
781:
572:. Duke University Press.
543:Balonek, Michael (2013).
775:Percussion instruments
699:Guide to Vintage Drums
370:
218:
184:
180:Tom-toms mounted on a
142:
58:. It was added to the
31:
1023:Electronic percussion
368:
212:
179:
164:drum size conventions
130:for (up to six) toms.
125:
29:
1050:Percussion groupings
900:Unpitched percussion
620:The Slingerland Book
1169:Drum kit components
1082:Percussion ensemble
1062:Marching percussion
805:Keyboard percussion
670:The Drum: A History
595:Mirrors of Violence
518:Sykes, Jim (2018).
398:
146:Classic rock setups
42:) is a cylindrical
1077:Percussion section
796:Pitched percussion
643:Cook, Rob (1993).
618:Cook, Rob (2004).
396:
371:
219:
185:
151:Standard diameters
143:
32:
1146:
1145:
1113:Percussion mallet
894:
893:
622:. Rebeats Press.
493:
492:
489:
485:Wikimedia Commons
441:12-inch rack tom
415:
357:tinted or clear.
50:, named from the
38:(also known as a
1181:
801:
768:
761:
754:
745:
738:
737:
735:
734:
725:. Archived from
719:
713:
712:
694:
688:
687:
665:
659:
658:
640:
634:
633:
615:
609:
608:
590:
584:
583:
565:
559:
558:
540:
534:
533:
515:
509:
506:
477:
472:
471:
470:
468:
454:
453:
452:
450:
436:
435:
434:
432:
423:8-inch rack tom
409:
399:
282:Stewart Copeland
160:diameter × depth
141:
140:
139:
137:
56:Sinhala language
16:Cylindrical drum
1189:
1188:
1184:
1183:
1182:
1180:
1179:
1178:
1149:
1148:
1147:
1142:
1091:
1045:
1036:Electronic drum
1017:
890:
857:
790:
786:
777:
772:
742:
741:
732:
730:
721:
720:
716:
709:
696:
695:
691:
684:
674:Scarecrow Press
667:
666:
662:
655:
642:
641:
637:
630:
617:
616:
612:
605:
592:
591:
587:
580:
567:
566:
562:
555:
542:
541:
537:
530:
517:
516:
512:
507:
503:
498:
466:
464:
463:
462:
448:
446:
445:
444:
430:
428:
427:
426:
394:
363:
342:
323:
310:
266:
250:
207:
202:
190:
188:Standard depths
153:
148:
135:
133:
132:
131:
112:
110:Modern versions
72:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1187:
1185:
1177:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1151:
1150:
1144:
1143:
1141:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1099:
1097:
1093:
1092:
1090:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1067:Front ensemble
1064:
1059:
1053:
1051:
1047:
1046:
1044:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1027:
1025:
1019:
1018:
1016:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
990:
985:
980:
975:
970:
965:
960:
955:
950:
945:
940:
935:
930:
925:
920:
915:
910:
904:
902:
896:
895:
892:
891:
889:
888:
883:
878:
873:
868:
862:
859:
858:
856:
855:
850:
845:
840:
835:
830:
825:
820:
815:
809:
807:
798:
792:
791:
782:
779:
778:
773:
771:
770:
763:
756:
748:
740:
739:
714:
708:978-0931759796
707:
689:
683:978-0810881709
682:
660:
653:
635:
628:
610:
603:
585:
578:
560:
553:
535:
528:
510:
500:
499:
497:
494:
491:
490:
474:
473:
460:
456:
455:
442:
438:
437:
424:
421:
417:
416:
406:
403:
397:Audio samples
393:
390:
362:
359:
341:
338:
322:
319:
309:
306:
290:Simon Phillips
270:gong bass drum
265:
264:Gong bass drum
262:
249:
246:
215:Alex Van Halen
213:In the 1970s,
206:
203:
201:
198:
189:
186:
152:
149:
147:
144:
111:
108:
71:
70:Design history
68:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1186:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1156:
1154:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1100:
1098:
1094:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1054:
1052:
1048:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1028:
1026:
1024:
1020:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
998:Temple blocks
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
969:
966:
964:
961:
959:
956:
954:
951:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
924:
921:
919:
916:
914:
911:
909:
906:
905:
903:
901:
897:
887:
884:
882:
879:
877:
874:
872:
869:
867:
864:
863:
860:
854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
843:Tubular bells
841:
839:
836:
834:
833:Tubular bells
831:
829:
826:
824:
821:
819:
816:
814:
811:
810:
808:
806:
802:
799:
797:
793:
789:
785:
780:
776:
769:
764:
762:
757:
755:
750:
749:
746:
729:on 2012-02-12
728:
724:
718:
715:
710:
704:
700:
693:
690:
685:
679:
675:
671:
664:
661:
656:
650:
646:
639:
636:
631:
625:
621:
614:
611:
606:
604:9780195625479
600:
596:
589:
586:
581:
579:9780822389187
575:
571:
564:
561:
556:
554:9781466300330
550:
546:
539:
536:
531:
529:9780190077143
525:
521:
514:
511:
505:
502:
495:
488:
486:
482:
475:
469:
458:
457:
451:
440:
439:
433:
422:
418:
413:
407:
404:
401:
400:
391:
389:
386:
382:
378:
376:
375:drum hardware
367:
360:
358:
356:
355:acrylic glass
352:
351:acrylic glass
346:
339:
337:
335:
330:
328:
320:
318:
315:
307:
305:
303:
299:
295:
294:Jason Bittner
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
263:
261:
258:
254:
247:
245:
243:
239:
234:
232:
228:
224:
216:
211:
205:Single-headed
204:
199:
197:
194:
187:
183:
178:
174:
171:
167:
165:
161:
156:
150:
145:
138:
129:
128:drum notation
124:
120:
118:
109:
107:
105:
101:
97:
93:
88:
86:
80:
76:
69:
67:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
28:
22:
1031:Drum machine
823:Glockenspiel
731:. Retrieved
727:the original
717:
698:
692:
669:
663:
644:
638:
619:
613:
594:
588:
569:
563:
544:
538:
519:
513:
504:
478:
387:
383:
379:
372:
347:
343:
331:
324:
311:
298:Mike Portnoy
286:Bill Bruford
267:
251:
242:concert band
237:
235:
231:Phil Collins
227:Concert toms
226:
223:concert toms
222:
220:
195:
191:
172:
168:
159:
157:
154:
113:
104:cannon depth
103:
99:
95:
92:hanging toms
91:
89:
81:
77:
73:
52:Anglo-Indian
39:
35:
33:
1087:Drum circle
238:concert tom
1153:Categories
1108:Drum stick
1013:Wood block
988:Tambourine
978:Snare drum
848:Vibraphone
733:2012-02-28
654:0931759749
629:1888408103
496:References
459:Floor tom
412:Ogg Vorbis
402:Component
302:Dom Howard
278:Neil Peart
200:Variations
117:floor toms
100:power toms
85:Gene Krupa
64:floor toms
968:Mark tree
933:Castanets
908:Bass drum
853:Xylophone
838:Tubaphone
334:bass drum
314:floor tom
308:Floor tom
274:bass drum
236:The term
182:bass drum
126:Standard
96:rack toms
1057:Drum kit
1008:Triangle
1003:Timbales
876:Steelpan
866:Handbell
818:Crotales
813:Carillon
487:for more
483:page at
479:See the
405:Content
361:Hardware
253:Rototoms
248:Rototoms
60:drum kit
46:with no
36:tom drum
1041:Octapad
993:Tam-tam
963:Maracas
953:Cymbals
948:Cowbell
913:Bodhrán
886:Timpani
871:Handpan
828:Marimba
408:Audio
40:tom-tom
21:Tom tom
958:Djembe
938:Claves
923:Cabasa
918:Bongos
705:
680:
651:
626:
601:
576:
551:
526:
48:snares
1164:Drums
1096:Other
983:Taiko
973:Parai
943:Conga
928:Cajón
881:Tabla
481:Drums
467:39 KB
449:41 KB
431:59 KB
420:Toms
392:Sound
340:Shell
257:pitch
703:ISBN
678:ISBN
649:ISBN
624:ISBN
599:ISBN
574:ISBN
549:ISBN
524:ISBN
373:For
327:head
300:and
136:play
54:and
44:drum
166:.
94:or
1155::
676:.
672:.
312:A
304:.
296:,
292:,
288:,
284:,
280:,
268:A
34:A
767:e
760:t
753:v
736:.
711:.
686:.
657:.
632:.
607:.
582:.
557:.
532:.
414:)
410:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
