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criticized, as it removed or covered over much of the mausoleum’s original brickwork in favor of conjectural reconstruction. In 1996, a cement capping was added to the mausoleum’s dome. Excavations conducted in 1996 also uncovered a bazaar and caravanserai adjacent to the tomb. In 1999, UNESCO declared the monuments of ancient Merv, including the Tomb of Ahmad Sanjar, a UNESCO World
Heritage Site. From April 2002 to May 2004, extensive repairs were carried out with the assistance of the Turkish government. The Turkish funded project was reviewed and approved by UNESCO and strived to be faithful to the structure’s original design.
307:, surrounded by small tombs and graves. The first photographs of the mausoleum were taken by V.A. Zhukovsky in 1896 and E. Cohn Wiener in 1926. These photographs show the structure's collapsed dome and highly damaged galleries. Soviet architect N.M. Bachinskii completed the first structural analysis of the building during a 1937 restoration. This restoration project also unearthed the foundations of a large mosque adjoining the tomb. Further restoration work was undertaken by the Soviet government during the 1950s.
412:
202:. It is shaped like a cube with a dome on top, which is 27m high. The walls are 14m high, and the entire dome is 17m by 17m wide. Despite its restorations, the Tomb is still missing features such as its second story, the turquoise covered outer dome, and the surrounding buildings in the complex. Albeit in ruins, the tomb is one of the few surviving examples of secular Seljuk funerary architecture. Its squat proportions and hexadecagonal surrounding of the outer dome would influence later works of architecture.
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search of precious objects.”' The fire caused significant damage to the structure, destroying much of the mausoleum’s exterior brickwork and causing the building’s outer dome to collapse. Merv remained severely depopulated in the period following the Mongol invasion and the tomb deteriorated further due to centuries of neglect.
383:, including two of its domes. The architect of the Jameh Mosque of Isfahan’s north-eastern squared-dome “utilized these standard forms to create a work of art” while the southern dome mimicked the Tomb of Ahmad Sanjar’s use of a hexadecagon that surrounds the outer dome. Similarly, internal stiffener implements applied at the
352:
Composed of a squat cube topped by a large round dome, the upper story is surrounded by turrets which have deteriorated over time. The interior is much more of a focal point than the exterior. The building is composed of several different building materials, including terracotta, plaster, stucco, and
343:
Standing alone in the ruins of the city of Merv, Turkmenistan, at the edge of the
Karakum Desert, the building sits much lower than most other domed structures built at the time. This was the second project to be sponsored by the Sultan, having previously commissioned a massive dam to be built on the
258:
in 1152. Some historians suggest that these men made the mistake of thinking he was weakened by the Qatwān defeat. Medieval sources depict his rule as one of prosperity. In 1153, Sanjar was captured by the Oghuz and escaped in 1156. During his captivity, the Türkmen raided and looted the province.
379:. The tomb is the first example of a mosque-mausoleum amalgam known to history and this architectural combination would go on to become widespread in the tradition of Islamic buildings and complexes. The influence of Ahmad Sanjar’s mausoleum is evidenced by multiple architectural additions at the
361:
The majority of secular funerary architecture did not survive the Seljuk period, however, the tomb of Ahmad Sanjar remained intact and went on to influence future domed building. The doubled-domed Seljuk style of the Tomb of Ahmad Sanjar proved a lasting influence on the domed architecture of the
331:
The mausoleum stood 27m high and was 17m by 17m wide. The walls were 14m high and had no major decorations. It was formerly one of the grandest Seljuk tombs, with an ambitious gallery and a double dome, the inner dome consisting of blue glazed bricks with the drum being buttressed at four points.
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visited Merv and witnessed the Tomb of Ahmad Sanjar he was so awe-struck that he sought to both cite and outdo Ahmad Sanjar’s tomb with the building of his own funerary complex at Shamb. Other
Islamic funerary architecture that derived influence from the Seljuk style of the Tomb of Ahmad Sanjar
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periods that followed. The Tomb of Ahmad Sanjar deviated from traditional Seljuk funerary towers of its day by moving “towards squatter proportions with a new emphasis on interior space.” This influence that realized later building guided by monumentalizing interior spaces is evidenced by later
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During the 1980s and 1990s, extensive changes were made to the tomb’s western door and entrance area. The door was surrounded with new bricks, steps leading up to the entrance area were built, and a paved and walled forecourt was constructed. The restoration completed in the late 1980s has been
282:
states that 700,000 people were killed during the Mongol sack of Merv. The
Mongols burned most of the city’s buildings, including the Tomb of Ahmad Sanjar. According to ibn al-Athir, the Mongols “set fire to the city and burned down the mausoleum of Sultan Sanjar, having dug up his grave in the
353:
brick. The building has been restored several times, but has lost much of its original structural integrity, especially that of the second story floor. Among the missing features are a formerly turquoise tile covered dome which could be seen from miles away in its prime.
214:
at Merv (now in modern
Turkmenistan). After wars of succession, Sanjar ascended to the throne at the age of 10 or 12, nominated and appointed by his half-brother Berk-Yaruq. Early in his reign, he defeated several uprisings and invasions such as those of the
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Merv never recovered from this attack. The Oghuz targeted the ulema’s buildings and even killed many of the scholars, greatly harming the intellectual and religious elite. This plunder made it too difficult for Sanjar to rebuild his society.
348:
river. The structure was built on the Silk Road, and it was built by
Muhammad ibn Aziz. The tomb was originally connected to a larger compound of buildings, including a mosque, a palace, and other supporting buildings.
278:, which surrendered after a seven-day siege. Upon the city’s surrender, the Mongols massacred the city’s inhabitants and enslaved around four hundred artisans and a number of children. Arab historian
291:
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The Seljuk ruler Abu’l-Harith Ahmad Sanjar ibn Malik-Shah, or Ahmad Sanjar, (b. 1085 – d. 1157) had a reign that lasted 40 years, and he ruled over eastern
52:
188:, Turkmen, and Turkish architects during the 20th and 21st centuries. The tomb is part of The State Historical and Cultural Park "Ancient Merv", a
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However, for the rest of his reign over the next twelve years, Sanjar continued to put down conflicts from his rivals such as the governor of
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demonstrate the influence of Seljuk building techniques. When the Ilkhanid ruler
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A marble stand commemorating that Sultan Sanjar's Mausoleum was renovated by
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attacked it and burned down the mausoleum. It would later be restored by
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The tomb was built by Sanjar’s successor, Muhammad ibn Aziz, along the
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114:Architect(s)
108:Architecture
102:Turkmenistan
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393:Ghāzān Khān
305:chahar bagh
225:Qara Khitai
53:Affiliation
1309:Categories
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676:Saunders,
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441:References
217:Ghaznavids
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419:banknote.
357:Influence
267:In 1221,
200:Silk Road
160:ruler of
642:Fisher,
424:See also
404:and the
364:Ilkhanid
252:Khwarazm
162:Khorasan
87:Location
82:Location
77:restored
47:Religion
1078:Sources
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368:Timurid
346:Murghab
320:Turkish
271:led by
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511:S2CID
417:manat
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156:, a
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