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was a notable feature in the ceremonial court attire of the Song and Ming dynasties. It was made out of silk and was cut into a circle (which hung around the neck and shoulder areas) and a square (either solid or open square) which would fall over the cross-collared lapels of the paofu. The shape of
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182:). It was crimson in colour with patterns of clouds and dragons embroidery which was gold and red in colours. There were black borders stitched to the collar, sleeves, lapels and hems of the crimson outer robe.
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on very important occasions, such as grand court sessions and during major title-granting ceremonies. The attire traces its origin from the Han dynasty.It was also worn in the
596:. Xun Zhou, Chunming Gao, 周汛, Shanghai Shi xi qu xue xiao. Zhongguo fu zhuang shi yan jiu zu. San Francisco, CA: China Books & Periodicals. 1987. pp. 108–109.
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704:. Bangwei Zhang, Fusheng Liu, Chongbang Cai, Zengyu Wang, Peter Ditmanson, Bang Qian Zhu (Updated ed.). Cambridge, United Kingdom. pp. 7, 41.
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added a golden mountain-shaped plaque ornament ("dāng", 珰) on the front, and by the Tang dynasty, tongtianguan of the
Emperor had 24 beams.
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Through a forest of chancellors : fugitive histories in Liu Yuan's
Lingyan ge, an illustrated book from seventeenth-century Suzhou
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emperors when the apparel system of the Song dynasty was imitated and formed their own carriages and apparel system, and in the
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tall and tilting towards the back to form a "rolling shape" made by metal beams, with a "mountain"-shape and
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was exclusively worn by the
Emperor during some grand ceremonies. The high crown was originally nine
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254:(展筒) on the front, and pinned on the hair with hairpins made of jade or rhinoceros horn. By the
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A social history of middle-period China : the Song, Liao, Western Xia and Jin dynasties
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The
Language and Iconography of Chinese Charms: Deciphering a Past Belief System
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131:. The tongtianguanfu was composed of a red outer robe, a white inner robe, a
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298:'bent collar with a square center') was hung around the neck. The
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As footwear, the
Emperor would have worn white stockings and black shoes.
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The crimson outer robe was worn with a red gauze skirt and a crimson
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the circle and square symbolized the Heaven and earth respectively.
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called tongtianguan, and a neck accessory called fangxin quling.
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230:'a hat accessing the sky'), which was also known as
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Chinese auspicious ornaments in textile and clothing (list)
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870:"通天冠，本秦制。高九寸，正竖，顶少斜却，乃直下，铁为卷梁，前有展筒，冠前加金博山述，乘舆所常服也。 "
819:"宋代皇帝服饰：通天冠服 - 栖凤阁汉服网|最美中国风 尽在栖凤阁 Powered by Hishop"
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A type of court attire worn by the emperors of China
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Emperor Xuanzu (宣祖) of Song wearing tongtianguanfu.
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893:. Yuan, active Liu. Cambridge, Mass. p. 92.
306:A belt with ribbons was also tied to the waist.
3543:Crown of the Virgin of the Tabernacle of Toledo
532:plaque ornament, used on headwear such as the
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3203:Imperial Crown of Mexico (2nd Mexican Empire)
3198:Imperial Crown of Mexico (1st Mexican Empire)
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3685:Crown of Sri Vikrama Rajasinha of Sri Lanka
3657:Silver Crown of Emperor Tewodros (Ethiopia)
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276:plaque ornament used on official headwear.
65:
31:
2325:Crown of Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother
119:which was worn by the emperor during the
3537:Crown of the Crowned Virgin of the Kings
3057:Imperial Crown of Empress Go-Sakuramachi
2201:Coronet of the Imperial Prince of Brazil
753:. Bei jing you dian da xue chu ban she.
264:
2772:Imperial Crown of the Holy Roman Empire
2673:Funeral Crown of Augustus II the Strong
850:通天冠，高九寸，正竖，顶少邪却，乃直下为铁卷梁，前有山，展筒为述，乘舆所常服。
564:
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240:'a hat bearing the sky'). The
18:
3110:Gold Crown of Geumnyeongchong Tumulus
2295:Small Diamond Crown of Queen Victoria
2266:Coronet of Frederick, Prince of Wales
2206:Coronet of Laurels of Princess Isabel
7:
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3814:
3759:
3757:
3519:Royal Crown of Spain (Tumular Crown)
2627:Crown of Sophia Charlotte of Hanover
2125:Brilliant Crown of Empress Elisabeth
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3273:(destroyed; replica: Stará Ľubovňa)
2802:Reliquary Crown of John the Baptist
2331:Coronet of Charles, Prince of Wales
3834:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
3777:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
3116:Gold Crown of Seobongchong Tumulus
2307:Coronet of George, Prince of Wales
151:means "direct links with heaven".
60:'Direct links with Heaven' uniform
14:
3690:Great Crown of Victory (Thailand)
3421:Cap of Monomakh of the second set
3416:Crown of Tsar Michael Fyodorovich
2575:Ducal Crown of Brunswick-Lüneburg
2543:Crown of Queen Therese of Bavaria
1124:Belief system and social movement
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3242:Norwegian Crown Prince's Coronet
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964:Traditional Han Chinese clothing
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2836:Salian Funeral Crowns of Spires
2824:Lily Crown of Empress Cunigunde
2667:Crown of Augustus II the Strong
357:Fangxin quling (方心曲領) from the
280:A pendant-like ornament called
115:) is a form of court attire in
3531:Crown of Isabella I of Castile
3446:Crown of Empress Anna Ivanovna
3436:Altabas crown of the third set
3209:Funerary crown of Maximilian I
3104:Gold Crown of Hwangnamdaechong
2808:Reliquary Crown of Charlemagne
2790:Imperial Crowns of Charles VII
593:5000 years of Chinese costumes
87:
49:
1:
3426:Diamond Crown of Tsar Peter I
3271:Crown of Bolesław I the Brave
2533:Crown of the Queen of Bavaria
2272:Coronation Crown of George IV
2248:State Crown of Mary of Modena
3881:Chinese traditional clothing
3441:Crown of Empress Catherine I
3431:Diamond Crown of Tsar Ivan V
3319:Funeral Crown of Augustus II
3254:Crown of the Queen of Norway
3016:Crown of Constance of Sicily
3010:Grand Ducal Crown of Tuscany
2878:Tiara of Pope Pius IX (1846)
2559:Electoral Hat of Brandenburg
1105:Chinese ornamental gold silk
1063:Textile decoration and craft
464:dynasty lacquer painting of
339:Crimson robe (絳紗袍) from the
321:Tongtianguan (通天冠) from the
155:Composition and construction
3092:Gold Crown of Geumgwanchong
2830:Reliquary Crown of Henry II
2172:Crown of the Środa Treasure
1883:Xiangnang (fragrant sachet)
1146:Wuxing (Chinese philosophy)
979:Garment and neckline (list)
642:Fang, Alex Chengyu (2016).
3912:
3813:
3756:
3578:Crown of the Heir Apparent
3143:Ducal hat of Liechtenstein
3098:Gold Crown of Cheonmachong
2842:Reliquary Crown of Otto II
2814:Crown of Empress Cunigunde
2689:Royal Crown of Württemberg
2511:Grand Ducal Crown of Baden
2147:Archducal hat of Joseph II
887:Burkus, Anne Gail (2010).
3145:(missing; replica: Vaduz)
2751:Crown of Queen Kapiʻolani
2348:Diamond Crown of Bulgaria
2230:Crown of Margaret of York
2224:Crown of Princess Blanche
2119:Imperial Crown of Austria
2030:
439:Wise and Benevolent Women
289:
221:
202:
194:
179:
112:
98:
64:
30:
26:
3572:Crown of Queen Christina
3494:Crown of Stephen Bocskai
3488:Crown of Stefan Uroš III
3226:Crown of the Netherlands
2933:Crown of Stephen Bocskai
2902:Tiara of Pope John XXIII
2480:Crown of Empress Eugénie
2301:Crown of Queen Alexandra
2195:Imperial Crown of Brazil
2166:Crown of Saint Wenceslas
2113:Archducal hat of Austria
698:Zhu, Ruixi; 朱瑞熙 (2016).
528:golden cicada-patterned
3182:Crown of Ranavalona III
2661:Electoral Hat of Saxony
2319:Imperial Crown of India
2283:Crown of Queen Adelaide
2260:State Crown of George I
648:. Fran?cois Thierry. .
3830:-related article is a
3773:-related article is a
3411:Crown of Kazan Tzardom
3389:Steel Crown of Romania
3331:Crown of Maria Josepha
2745:Crown of King Kalākaua
2639:Crown of Queen Augusta
2590:Royal Crown of Hanover
2527:Royal Crown of Bavaria
2135:Archducal hat of Tyrol
1584:Song official headwear
1579:Tang official headwear
1456:Inner and undergarment
624:: CS1 maint: others (
445:(on the left; worn by
385:stone-relief (worn by
277:
166:The gauze outer robe (
3325:Crown of Augustus III
3040:Emperor Kōmei Variant
2927:Holy Crown of Hungary
2908:Tiara of Pope Paul VI
2892:(Notre Dame, Indiana)
2890:Tiara of Pope Pius IX
2647:(Hohenzollern Castle)
2474:Crown of Napoleon III
2415:Crown of Christian IV
437:seen on a segment of
268:
3675:Raven Crown (Bhutan)
3513:Royal Crown of Spain
3461:Small Imperial Crown
3451:Great Imperial Crown
3313:Crown of Augustus II
3000:Crown of Theodelinda
2990:Royal Crown of Savoy
2621:Crown of Frederick I
2450:Crown of Saint Louis
2444:Crown of Charlemagne
2421:Crown of Christian V
2289:Imperial State Crown
2096:Helmet of Skanderbeg
1959:Traditional clothing
441:-scroll painting by
3886:Ceremonial clothing
3360:Diadem of the Stars
3177:Crown of Madagascar
2645:Crown of Wilhelm II
2468:Crown of Napoleon I
2313:Crown of Queen Mary
2141:Ducal hat of Styria
1990:Performance costume
1981:Vietnamese clothing
1952:Influenced clothing
1013:Chinese button knot
513:'s scroll-painting.
486:Emperor Wu of Liang
417:Emperor Yuan of Han
360:Gujin Tushu Jicheng
342:Gujin Tushu Jicheng
324:Gujin Tushu Jicheng
270:Eastern Jin dynasty
3566:Crown of the Queen
3525:Crown of Sancho IV
3477:Karađorđević Crown
3377:Crown of Elisabeta
2910:(Washington, D.C.)
2866:Papier-mâché Tiara
2784:Crown of Rudolf II
2727:Crown of Faustin I
2633:Crown of Wilhelm I
2568:Brunswick-Lüneburg
2497:German State Crown
2427:Crown of the Queen
1736:Accessories (list)
1518:Religious clothing
1095:Lishui (sea-waves)
1080:Chinese embroidery
409:Admonitions Scroll
278:
3843:
3842:
3786:
3785:
3754:
3753:
3560:Crown of Eric XIV
3406:"Cap of Monomakh"
2462:Crown of Louis XV
2456:Crown of Henry IV
2398:Crown of Zvonimir
2242:St Edward's Crown
2236:Crown of Scotland
2048:
2047:
2010:
2009:
1947:
1946:
1898:Yufu (fish tally)
1888:Hu (ritual baton)
1855:Ribbons and knots
1702:
1701:
1533:
1532:
1201:
1200:
1115:Chinese patchwork
1039:Shangjian xiafeng
900:978-1-68417-050-0
845:Book of Later Han
760:978-7-5635-2501-0
711:978-1-107-16786-5
655:978-981-10-1793-3
383:Wu Family Shrines
296:
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228:
102:
101:
94:
93:
75:Standard Mandarin
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3721:Heir presumptive
3680:Shripech (Nepal)
3354:Crown of João VI
2189:Crown of Pedro I
2115:(Klosterneuburg)
2075:
2068:
2061:
2052:
2038:
2037:
1956:
1903:Yudai (fish bag)
1741:
1721:Tiger-head shoes
1544:
1270:Zaju chuishao fu
1210:
1193:Ji Li (ceremony)
1075:Chinese knotting
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466:Duke Ling of Wey
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3652:Crowns of Egypt
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3602:
3597:Crown of Tahiti
3583:
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3501:
3483:Nemanjić Crowns
3465:
3394:
3365:
3342:
3289:Hungarian Crown
3259:
3248:Crown of Norway
3230:
3214:
3186:
3165:
3148:
3129:
3087:Crowns of Silla
3075:Crown of Baekje
3061:
3021:
2972:
2955:Empress's Crown
2950:Sasanian crowns
2938:
2915:
2847:
2844:(Halle (Saale))
2763:
2756:
2731:
2713:
2708:Crown of Greece
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1943:
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1781:
1755:
1730:
1708:Footwear (list)
1698:
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1652:Chinese hairpin
1640:
1619:
1588:
1565:
1539:Headwear (list)
1529:
1513:
1482:
1451:
1417:Panling Lanshan
1365:
1279:
1197:
1181:Related rituals
1176:
1160:
1119:
1100:Mandarin square
1058:
1022:
996:
992:Mandarin collar
987:Jiaoling youren
971:Characteristics
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589:
566:
561:
544:
537:
523:
514:
509:as depicted on
501:
492:
482:
473:
459:
450:
429:
420:
399:
390:
387:King Xuan of Qi
373:
364:
355:
346:
337:
328:
319:
157:
145:
88:Tōngtiān guānfú
57:Literal meaning
38:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3909:
3907:
3899:
3898:
3893:
3891:Clothing stubs
3888:
3883:
3873:
3872:
3867:
3866:
3859:
3852:
3844:
3841:
3840:
3823:
3810:
3809:
3802:
3795:
3787:
3784:
3783:
3766:
3752:
3751:
3749:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3702:
3700:
3696:
3695:
3693:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3671:
3669:
3663:
3662:
3660:
3659:
3654:
3648:
3646:
3640:
3639:
3637:
3636:
3629:
3627:
3623:
3622:
3620:
3619:
3616:Crown of Tonga
3612:
3610:
3604:
3603:
3601:
3600:
3593:
3591:
3585:
3584:
3582:
3581:
3575:
3569:
3563:
3556:
3554:
3550:
3549:
3547:
3546:
3540:
3534:
3528:
3522:
3516:
3509:
3507:
3503:
3502:
3500:
3499:
3498:
3497:
3491:
3480:
3473:
3471:
3467:
3466:
3464:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3402:
3400:
3396:
3395:
3393:
3392:
3386:
3383:Crown of Maria
3380:
3373:
3371:
3367:
3366:
3364:
3363:
3357:
3350:
3348:
3344:
3343:
3341:
3340:
3334:
3328:
3322:
3316:
3310:
3304:
3298:
3295:Homagial Crown
3292:
3286:
3280:
3274:
3267:
3265:
3261:
3260:
3258:
3257:
3251:
3245:
3238:
3236:
3232:
3231:
3229:
3228:
3222:
3220:
3216:
3215:
3213:
3212:
3206:
3200:
3194:
3192:
3188:
3187:
3185:
3184:
3179:
3173:
3171:
3167:
3166:
3164:
3163:
3160:Gediminas' Cap
3156:
3154:
3150:
3149:
3147:
3146:
3139:
3137:
3131:
3130:
3128:
3127:
3126:
3125:
3119:
3113:
3107:
3101:
3095:
3084:
3078:
3071:
3069:
3063:
3062:
3060:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3043:
3042:
3031:
3029:
3023:
3022:
3020:
3019:
3013:
3007:
2997:
2987:
2980:
2978:
2974:
2973:
2971:
2970:
2964:
2958:
2952:
2946:
2944:
2940:
2939:
2937:
2936:
2930:
2923:
2921:
2917:
2916:
2914:
2913:
2912:
2911:
2905:
2899:
2898:(Vatican City)
2896:Palatine Tiara
2893:
2887:
2886:(Vatican City)
2881:
2880:(Vatican City)
2875:
2874:(Vatican City)
2872:Napoleon Tiara
2869:
2868:(Vatican City)
2857:
2855:
2849:
2848:
2846:
2845:
2839:
2833:
2827:
2821:
2811:
2805:
2799:
2793:
2787:
2781:
2775:
2768:
2766:
2758:
2757:
2755:
2754:
2748:
2741:
2739:
2733:
2732:
2730:
2729:
2723:
2721:
2715:
2714:
2712:
2711:
2704:
2702:
2698:
2697:
2695:
2694:
2693:
2692:
2678:
2677:
2676:
2670:
2664:
2650:
2649:
2648:
2642:
2636:
2630:
2624:
2610:
2609:
2608:
2594:
2593:
2592:
2579:
2578:
2577:
2564:
2563:
2562:
2548:
2547:
2546:
2540:
2530:
2516:
2515:
2514:
2500:
2493:
2491:
2487:
2486:
2484:
2483:
2477:
2471:
2465:
2459:
2453:
2447:
2440:
2438:
2434:
2433:
2431:
2430:
2424:
2418:
2411:
2409:
2405:
2404:
2402:
2401:
2394:
2392:
2388:
2387:
2385:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2373:
2372:
2361:
2359:
2355:
2354:
2352:
2351:
2344:
2342:
2338:
2337:
2335:
2334:
2328:
2322:
2316:
2310:
2304:
2298:
2292:
2286:
2280:
2278:Diamond Diadem
2275:
2269:
2263:
2257:
2251:
2245:
2239:
2233:
2227:
2220:
2218:
2212:
2211:
2209:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2192:
2185:
2183:
2179:
2178:
2176:
2175:
2174:(Środa Śląska)
2169:
2162:
2160:
2154:
2153:
2151:
2150:
2144:
2138:
2132:
2122:
2116:
2109:
2107:
2103:
2102:
2100:
2099:
2092:
2090:
2086:
2085:
2080:
2078:
2077:
2070:
2063:
2055:
2046:
2045:
2043:
2042:
2031:
2028:
2027:
2025:
2024:
2018:
2016:
2012:
2011:
2008:
2007:
2005:
2004:
1999:
1993:
1991:
1987:
1986:
1984:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1962:
1960:
1953:
1949:
1948:
1945:
1944:
1942:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1929:Longevity lock
1925:
1923:
1919:
1918:
1916:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1874:
1872:
1868:
1867:
1865:
1864:
1858:
1856:
1852:
1851:
1849:
1848:
1842:
1840:
1836:
1835:
1833:
1832:
1826:
1824:
1820:
1819:
1817:
1816:
1810:
1808:
1804:
1803:
1801:
1800:
1795:
1789:
1787:
1783:
1782:
1780:
1779:
1777:Fangxingquling
1774:
1769:
1763:
1761:
1757:
1756:
1754:
1753:
1747:
1745:
1738:
1732:
1731:
1729:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1712:
1710:
1704:
1703:
1700:
1699:
1697:
1696:
1691:
1685:
1683:
1679:
1678:
1676:
1675:
1669:
1667:
1663:
1662:
1660:
1659:
1654:
1648:
1646:
1642:
1641:
1639:
1638:
1633:
1627:
1625:
1621:
1620:
1618:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1596:
1594:
1590:
1589:
1587:
1586:
1581:
1575:
1573:
1567:
1566:
1564:
1563:
1558:
1552:
1550:
1541:
1535:
1534:
1531:
1530:
1528:
1527:
1521:
1519:
1515:
1514:
1512:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1490:
1488:
1484:
1483:
1481:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1459:
1457:
1453:
1452:
1450:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1373:
1371:
1367:
1366:
1364:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1287:
1285:
1281:
1280:
1278:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1255:Tongtianguanfu
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1216:
1214:
1207:
1203:
1202:
1199:
1198:
1196:
1195:
1190:
1184:
1182:
1178:
1177:
1175:
1174:
1168:
1166:
1165:Sumptuary laws
1162:
1161:
1159:
1158:
1156:Hanfu movement
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1127:
1125:
1121:
1120:
1118:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1066:
1064:
1060:
1059:
1057:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1030:
1028:
1024:
1023:
1021:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1004:
1002:
998:
997:
995:
994:
989:
983:
981:
972:
968:
967:
962:
960:
959:
952:
945:
937:
929:
928:
899:
874:
854:
834:
801:
794:
782:臧, 迎春 (2003).
774:
759:
739:
710:
683:
654:
631:
602:
563:
562:
560:
557:
556:
555:
550:
543:
540:
539:
538:
524:
517:
515:
502:
495:
493:
483:
476:
474:
460:
453:
451:
447:King Wu of Chu
430:
423:
421:
400:
393:
391:
374:
367:
365:
356:
349:
347:
338:
331:
329:
320:
313:
300:fangxin quling
282:fangxin quling
161:tongtianguanfu
156:
153:
144:
141:
105:Tongtianguanfu
100:
99:
96:
95:
92:
91:
84:
78:
77:
71:
70:
69:Transcriptions
62:
61:
58:
54:
53:
46:
40:
39:
36:
28:
27:
24:
23:
22:Tongtianguanfu
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3908:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3878:
3876:
3865:
3860:
3858:
3853:
3851:
3846:
3845:
3839:
3837:
3833:
3829:
3824:
3821:
3817:
3808:
3803:
3801:
3796:
3794:
3789:
3788:
3782:
3780:
3776:
3772:
3767:
3764:
3760:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3716:Heir apparent
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3703:
3701:
3697:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3672:
3670:
3668:
3664:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3649:
3647:
3645:
3641:
3634:
3631:
3630:
3628:
3624:
3617:
3614:
3613:
3611:
3609:
3605:
3598:
3595:
3594:
3592:
3590:
3586:
3579:
3576:
3573:
3570:
3567:
3564:
3561:
3558:
3557:
3555:
3551:
3544:
3541:
3538:
3535:
3532:
3529:
3526:
3523:
3520:
3517:
3514:
3511:
3510:
3508:
3504:
3495:
3492:
3489:
3486:
3485:
3484:
3481:
3478:
3475:
3474:
3472:
3468:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3456:Maltese Crown
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3403:
3401:
3397:
3390:
3387:
3384:
3381:
3378:
3375:
3374:
3372:
3368:
3361:
3358:
3355:
3352:
3351:
3349:
3345:
3338:
3335:
3332:
3329:
3326:
3323:
3320:
3317:
3314:
3311:
3308:
3307:Queen's Crown
3305:
3302:
3301:Funeral Crown
3299:
3296:
3293:
3290:
3287:
3284:
3283:Muscovy Crown
3281:
3278:
3277:Swedish Crown
3275:
3272:
3269:
3268:
3266:
3262:
3255:
3252:
3249:
3246:
3243:
3240:
3239:
3237:
3233:
3227:
3224:
3223:
3221:
3217:
3210:
3207:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3195:
3193:
3189:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3174:
3172:
3168:
3161:
3158:
3157:
3155:
3151:
3144:
3141:
3140:
3138:
3136:
3135:Liechtenstein
3132:
3123:
3120:
3117:
3114:
3111:
3108:
3105:
3102:
3099:
3096:
3093:
3090:
3089:
3088:
3085:
3082:
3081:Crown of Gaya
3079:
3076:
3073:
3072:
3070:
3068:
3064:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3041:
3038:
3037:
3036:
3033:
3032:
3030:
3028:
3024:
3017:
3014:
3011:
3008:
3005:
3001:
2998:
2995:
2991:
2988:
2985:
2982:
2981:
2979:
2975:
2968:
2967:Pahlavi Crown
2965:
2962:
2959:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2947:
2945:
2941:
2934:
2931:
2928:
2925:
2924:
2922:
2918:
2909:
2906:
2903:
2900:
2897:
2894:
2891:
2888:
2885:
2884:Spanish Tiara
2882:
2879:
2876:
2873:
2870:
2867:
2864:
2863:
2862:
2859:
2858:
2856:
2854:
2850:
2843:
2840:
2837:
2834:
2831:
2828:
2825:
2822:
2819:
2815:
2812:
2809:
2806:
2803:
2800:
2797:
2794:
2791:
2788:
2785:
2782:
2779:
2776:
2773:
2770:
2769:
2767:
2765:
2759:
2752:
2749:
2746:
2743:
2742:
2740:
2738:
2734:
2728:
2725:
2724:
2722:
2720:
2716:
2709:
2706:
2705:
2703:
2699:
2690:
2687:
2686:
2684:
2683:
2679:
2674:
2671:
2668:
2665:
2662:
2659:
2658:
2656:
2655:
2651:
2646:
2643:
2640:
2637:
2634:
2631:
2628:
2625:
2622:
2619:
2618:
2616:
2615:
2611:
2606:
2605:Wendish Crown
2603:
2602:
2600:
2599:
2595:
2591:
2588:
2587:
2585:
2584:
2580:
2576:
2573:
2572:
2570:
2569:
2565:
2560:
2557:
2556:
2554:
2553:
2549:
2544:
2541:
2538:
2534:
2531:
2528:
2525:
2524:
2522:
2521:
2517:
2512:
2509:
2508:
2506:
2505:
2501:
2498:
2495:
2494:
2492:
2488:
2481:
2478:
2475:
2472:
2469:
2466:
2463:
2460:
2457:
2454:
2451:
2448:
2445:
2442:
2441:
2439:
2435:
2428:
2425:
2422:
2419:
2416:
2413:
2412:
2410:
2406:
2399:
2396:
2395:
2393:
2389:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2371:
2368:
2367:
2366:
2363:
2362:
2360:
2356:
2349:
2346:
2345:
2343:
2339:
2332:
2329:
2326:
2323:
2320:
2317:
2314:
2311:
2308:
2305:
2302:
2299:
2296:
2293:
2290:
2287:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2273:
2270:
2267:
2264:
2261:
2258:
2255:
2252:
2249:
2246:
2243:
2240:
2237:
2234:
2231:
2228:
2225:
2222:
2221:
2219:
2217:
2216:British Isles
2213:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2196:
2193:
2190:
2187:
2186:
2184:
2180:
2173:
2170:
2167:
2164:
2163:
2161:
2159:
2155:
2148:
2145:
2142:
2139:
2136:
2133:
2130:
2126:
2123:
2120:
2117:
2114:
2111:
2110:
2108:
2104:
2097:
2094:
2093:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2076:
2071:
2069:
2064:
2062:
2057:
2056:
2053:
2041:
2040:List of Hanfu
2033:
2032:
2029:
2023:
2020:
2019:
2017:
2013:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1994:
1992:
1988:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1963:
1961:
1957:
1954:
1950:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1926:
1924:
1920:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1875:
1873:
1869:
1863:
1860:
1859:
1857:
1853:
1847:
1844:
1843:
1841:
1837:
1831:
1828:
1827:
1825:
1821:
1815:
1812:
1811:
1809:
1805:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1790:
1788:
1784:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1764:
1762:
1758:
1752:
1749:
1748:
1746:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1733:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
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1525:Daojiao fushi
1523:
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1516:
1510:
1507:
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1500:
1497:
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1487:Lower garment
1485:
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1286:
1284:Upper garment
1282:
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1230:Qixiong ruqun
1228:
1226:
1225:Tanling ruqun
1223:
1221:
1218:
1217:
1215:
1213:Set of attire
1211:
1208:
1204:
1194:
1191:
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1067:
1065:
1061:
1055:
1054:List of hanfu
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
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1037:
1035:
1032:
1031:
1029:
1025:
1019:
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846:
838:
835:
824:
823:hanfudian.com
820:
814:
812:
810:
808:
806:
802:
797:
795:9787508502793
791:
787:
786:
778:
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770:
766:
762:
756:
752:
751:
743:
740:
735:
729:
721:
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713:
707:
703:
702:
694:
692:
690:
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684:
679:
673:
665:
661:
657:
651:
647:
646:
638:
636:
632:
627:
621:
613:
609:
605:
603:0-8351-1822-3
599:
595:
594:
587:
585:
583:
581:
579:
577:
575:
573:
571:
569:
565:
558:
554:
553:List of Hanfu
551:
549:
546:
545:
541:
535:
531:
527:
521:
516:
512:
508:
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494:
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287:
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275:
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257:
253:
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248:
243:
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232:chengtianguan
219:
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192:
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154:
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97:
85:
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79:
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72:
67:
63:
59:
55:
47:
45:
41:
34:
29:
25:
20:
3836:expanding it
3825:
3779:expanding it
3768:
3746:Royal family
3711:Crown jewels
3666:
3643:
3633:Crown of Rus
3618:(Nukuʻalofa)
3337:Płock Diadem
3122:Silver Crown
2861:Papal tiaras
2680:
2652:
2612:
2596:
2581:
2566:
2550:
2518:
2502:
2429:(Copenhagen)
2423:(Copenhagen)
2417:(Copenhagen)
2377:Tongtianguan
2376:
2197:(Petrópolis)
2191:(Petrópolis)
2137:(Mariastein)
1776:
1361:Yuanlingshan
1254:
1151:Yin and Yang
1131:Confucianism
889:
869:
864:
857:
849:
844:
837:
826:. Retrieved
822:
784:
777:
749:
747:董进. (2011).
742:
700:
644:
592:
534:tongtianguan
533:
529:
526:Northern Yan
507:tongtianguan
506:
504:Tang dynasty
490:tongtianguan
489:
484:Portrait of
470:tongtianguan
469:
462:Northern Wei
438:
435:tongtianguan
434:
407:seen on the
405:tongtianguan
404:
381:seen on the
379:tongtianguan
378:
358:
340:
322:
308:
305:
299:
281:
279:
273:
260:tongtianguan
259:
251:
245:
242:tongtianguan
241:
231:
214:tongtianguan
213:
207:
184:
171:
165:
160:
158:
148:
146:
129:Ming dynasty
121:Song dynasty
104:
103:
82:Hanyu Pinyin
3896:China stubs
3580:(Stockholm)
3574:(Stockholm)
3568:(Stockholm)
3562:(Stockholm)
3391:(Bucharest)
3385:(Bucharest)
3379:(Bucharest)
3309:(destroyed)
3297:(destroyed)
3291:(destroyed)
3285:(destroyed)
3279:(destroyed)
3256:(Trondheim)
3250:(Trondheim)
3244:(Trondheim)
3219:Netherlands
3205:(destroyed)
2961:Kiani Crown
2796:Essen Crown
2691:(Stuttgart)
2682:Württemberg
2598:Mecklenburg
2552:Brandenburg
2513:(Karlsruhe)
2476:(destroyed)
2458:(destroyed)
2452:(destroyed)
2446:(destroyed)
2256:(destroyed)
2254:Tudor Crown
2238:(Edinburgh)
2131:) (missing)
1908:Folding fan
1726:Lotus shoes
1407:Yuanlingpao
1034:Baoyi bodai
865:Book of Jin
788:. 五洲传播出版社.
432:Jin dynasty
402:Jin dynasty
376:Han dynasty
256:Jin dynasty
212:was called
172:jiangshapao
143:Terminology
125:Jin dynasty
3875:Categories
3706:Coronation
3599:(Punaauia)
3515:(heraldic)
3479:(Belgrade)
3170:Madagascar
3124:(Gyeongju)
3118:(Gyeongju)
3100:(Gyeongju)
3094:(Gyeongju)
2984:Iron Crown
2929:(Budapest)
2820:) (Munich)
2778:Iron Crown
2762:Holy Roman
2753:(Honolulu)
2747:(Honolulu)
2607:(heraldic)
2539:) (Munich)
2499:(heraldic)
2370:Yishanguan
1893:Fu (tally)
1689:Honggaitou
1412:Fanlingpao
1356:Shuitianyi
828:2021-12-21
559:References
488:wearing a
468:wearing a
170:), called
3635:(missing)
3539:(Seville)
3533:(Granada)
3490:(Cetinje)
3321:(Dresden)
3315:(Dresden)
3303:(missing)
3162:(missing)
3153:Lithuania
3018:(Palermo)
3012:(missing)
3006:) (Monza)
2996:) (Turin)
2904:(Bergamo)
2675:(Dresden)
2669:(Dresden)
2663:(Dresden)
2641:(missing)
2635:(missing)
2400:(missing)
2350:(missing)
2015:Cosmetics
1922:Jewellery
1786:Shoulders
1716:Xiuhuaxie
1509:Mamianqun
1504:Baidiequn
1321:Daxiushan
1001:Fastening
917:cite book
909:956711877
769:885837660
728:cite book
720:953576345
672:cite book
664:966360040
620:cite book
443:Gu Kaizhi
415:(worn by
413:Gu Kaizhi
208:The high
147:The term
3771:clothing
3731:Monarchy
3699:See also
3545:(Toledo)
3527:(Toledo)
3521:(Madrid)
3496:(Vienna)
3362:(Lisbon)
3356:(Lisbon)
3347:Portugal
3333:(Warsaw)
3327:(Warsaw)
3211:(Vienna)
3083:(Yongin)
3077:(Gongju)
2969:(Tehran)
2963:(Tehran)
2957:(Tehran)
2935:(Vienna)
2853:Holy See
2838:(Speyer)
2832:(Munich)
2826:(Munich)
2810:(Aachen)
2804:(Aachen)
2792:(Munich)
2786:(Vienna)
2774:(Vienna)
2710:(Athens)
2629:(Berlin)
2623:(Berlin)
2561:(Berlin)
2545:(Munich)
2529:(Munich)
2382:Mianguan
2341:Bulgaria
2333:(London)
2327:(London)
2321:(London)
2315:(London)
2309:(London)
2303:(London)
2297:(London)
2291:(London)
2285:(London)
2274:(London)
2268:(London)
2262:(London)
2250:(London)
2244:(London)
2232:(Aachen)
2226:(Munich)
2168:(Prague)
2149:(Vienna)
2121:(Vienna)
2098:(Vienna)
2002:Guzhuang
1913:Tuanshan
1871:Portable
1610:Liangmao
1561:Fengguan
1556:Mianguan
1478:Maweiqun
1316:Baijiayi
1311:Chang'ao
1260:Xuanduan
1206:Garments
1172:Tifayifu
1110:Goldwork
1090:Xiangyun
750:Q版大明衣冠图志
612:19814728
542:See also
511:Wu Daozi
252:zhantong
149:tongtian
135:, and a
3741:Regalia
3626:Ukraine
3370:Romania
3339:(Płock)
3112:(Seoul)
3106:(Seoul)
3047:Kanmuri
2986:(Monza)
2920:Hungary
2798:(Essen)
2780:(Monza)
2614:Prussia
2583:Hanover
2520:Bavaria
2490:Germany
2482:(Paris)
2470:(Paris)
2464:(Paris)
2408:Denmark
2391:Croatia
2158:Bohemia
2106:Austria
2089:Albania
2022:Huadian
1772:Yunjian
1767:Yingluo
1645:Hairpin
1636:Wangjin
1473:Moxiong
1447:Feiyufu
1422:Longpao
1351:Hechang
1240:Xiuhefu
1188:Guan Li
1070:Diancui
1018:Zimukou
842:"120".
286:Chinese
272:cicada
218:Chinese
199:Chinese
191:Chinese
176:Chinese
109:Chinese
44:Chinese
3644:Africa
3589:Tahiti
3553:Sweden
3470:Serbia
3399:Russia
3264:Poland
3235:Norway
3191:Mexico
3052:Raikan
3035:Benkan
2764:Empire
2737:Hawaii
2701:Greece
2654:Saxony
2437:France
2182:Brazil
2143:(Graz)
2082:Crowns
1976:Ryusou
1971:Hanbok
1966:Kimono
1862:Lào zi
1830:Yaoqun
1798:Xiapei
1751:Lingzi
1615:Weimao
1442:Zhisun
1427:Mangfu
1402:Zhiduo
1397:Daopao
1377:Shenyi
1346:Pifeng
1275:Shanku
1250:Bianfu
1245:Mianfu
1235:Qungua
1136:Taoism
1027:Styles
1008:Pankou
907:
897:
862:"25".
792:
785:中国传统服饰
767:
757:
718:
708:
662:
652:
610:
600:
288::
258:, the
220::
201::
193::
178::
111::
3828:China
3826:This
3769:This
3736:Queen
3608:Tonga
3506:Spain
3067:Korea
3027:Japan
2977:Italy
2719:Haiti
2504:Baden
2365:Futou
2358:China
1939:Jinbu
1934:Yupei
1878:Hebao
1823:Waist
1814:Yajin
1807:Chest
1673:Shubi
1657:Buyao
1631:Fujin
1605:Damao
1600:Humao
1571:Futou
1463:Dudou
1432:Tieli
1392:Paofu
1382:Zhiju
1341:Beizi
1331:Banbi
1326:Bijia
1220:Ruqun
1044:Fuyao
548:Hanfu
210:crown
168:paofu
117:hanfu
3832:stub
3775:stub
3726:King
3667:Asia
2943:Iran
1997:Xifu
1846:Bixi
1793:Pibo
1760:Neck
1744:Head
1694:Mili
1682:Veil
1666:Comb
1548:Guan
1468:Hezi
1437:Yesa
1387:Quju
1370:Robe
1336:Dahu
1301:Shan
1265:Diyi
1141:Wufu
1049:Hufu
923:link
905:OCLC
895:ISBN
790:ISBN
765:OCLC
755:ISBN
734:link
716:OCLC
706:ISBN
678:link
660:OCLC
650:ISBN
626:link
608:OCLC
598:ISBN
530:dang
295:lit.
290:方心曲领
274:dāng
237:lit.
227:lit.
203:白纱中单
187:bixi
159:The
137:guan
133:bixi
113:通天冠服
50:通天冠服
1839:Lap
1624:Jin
1593:Mao
1499:Qun
411:by
247:cun
222:通天冠
205:).
180:绛纱袍
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