678:
The
British took the length measurement from the outside of the stem to the outside of the sternpost, whereas the Americans measured from inside the posts. The British measured breadth from outside the planks, whereas the Americans measured the breadth from inside the planks. Lastly, the British
228:
The
Builder's Old Measurement formula remained in effect until the advent of steam propulsion. Steamships required a different method of estimating tonnage, because the ratio of length to beam was larger and a significant volume of internal space was used for boilers and machinery. In 1849, the
192:
456:
545:
321:
237:. The Moorsom system calculates the cargo-carrying capacity in cubic feet, another method of volumetric measurement. The capacity in cubic feet is then divided by 100 cubic feet of capacity per gross ton, resulting in a tonnage expressed in tons.
606:
104:
637:
Interior space; The height from the lowest part of the hull inside the ship, at its midpoint, to the ceiling that is made up of the uppermost full length deck. For old warships it is to the ceiling that is made up of the
380:
682:
The upshot was that
American calculations gave a lower number than the British ones. The British measure yields values about 6% greater than the American. For instance, when the British measured the captured
370:
In 1678 Thames shipbuilders used a method assuming that a ship's burden would be 3/5 of its displacement. Since tonnage is calculated by multiplying length × beam × draft ×
490:
271:
556:
1012:
611:
This formula remained in effect until the
Builder's Old Measurement rule (above) was put into use in 1720, and then mandated by Act of Parliament in 1773.
187:{\displaystyle {\text{Tonnage}}={\frac {({\text{Length}}-({\text{Beam}}\times {\frac {3}{5}}))\times {\text{Beam}}\times {\frac {\text{Beam}}{2}}}{94}}}
451:{\displaystyle {\text{Tonnage}}={\frac {{\text{Length}}\times {\text{Beam}}\times {\frac {\text{Beam}}{2}}\times {\frac {3}{5}}\times {0.62}}{35}}}
1441:
828:
842:
795:
359:
If a "tun" is deemed to be equivalent to 100 cubic feet, then the tonnage is simply the number of such 100 cubic feet 'tun' units of volume.
265:
or imperial ton. In order to estimate the capacity of a ship in terms of 'tun' for tax purposes, an early formula used in
England was:
917:
758:
651:, that is used in context of depth measurement, is usually defined as the uppermost full length deck. For the 16th century ship
1005:
1436:
1040:
930:
76:
884:
1225:
858:
261:, approx 210 imp gal (955 L) weighing about 2,240 lb (1,020 kg), a weight known today as a
1446:
998:
1146:
540:{\displaystyle {\text{Tonnage}}={\frac {{\text{Length}}\times {\text{Beam}}\times {\frac {\text{Beam}}{2}}}{94}}}
550:
In 1694 a new
British law required that tonnage for tax purposes be calculated according to a similar formula:
257:" of imported wine, roughly equivalent to £150 in 2023. At that time a "tun" was a wine container of 252
746:
86:
1188:
1092:
960:
705:
The US system was in use from 1789 until 1864, when a modified version of the
Moorsom System was adopted.
316:{\displaystyle {\text{Tonnage}}={\frac {{\text{Length}}\times {\text{Beam}}\times {\text{Depth}}}{100}}}
601:{\displaystyle {\text{Tonnage}}={\frac {{\text{Length}}\times {\text{Beam}}\times {\text{Depth}}}{94}}}
1229:
1193:
1097:
1087:
684:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1271:
246:
970:
1322:
1220:
1172:
773:
714:
1384:
249:
levied the first tax on the hire of ships in
England in 1303 based on tons burthen. Later, King
1082:
1021:
913:
838:
754:
750:
739:
624:
371:
1045:
1451:
1061:
343:
220:
68:
1307:
1251:
1035:
781:
234:
230:
1431:
1425:
1317:
1312:
1141:
334:
205:
55:) is the method used in England from approximately 1650 to 1849 for calculating the
1167:
1077:
834:
666:
980:
910:
The
Frigates: An account of the lighter warships of the Napoleonic Wars, 1793-1815
374:, all divided by 35 ft per ton of seawater, the resulting formula would be:
1151:
258:
209:
888:
1405:
1370:
1332:
254:
250:
631:
itself, at the ship's midpoint, to the top of the uppermost full length deck.
1395:
1365:
1113:
803:
776:, taking the last year of Edward III's reign, 1377, as the base year, and a
653:
648:
213:
17:
862:
1410:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
777:
262:
702:
tons, whereas the
American calculations gave the burthen as 1444 tons.
1400:
1379:
1375:
1340:
1136:
64:
31:
366:
the divisor is unitless, so tonnage would be expressed in 'ft of tun'.
63:. It is a volumetric measurement of cubic capacity. It estimated the
27:
Measurement of the internal volume of a sailing vessel (c. 1650–1849)
990:
1389:
56:
628:
356:
The numerator yields the ship's volume expressed in cubic feet.
60:
994:
661:
uppermost full length deck. In a calculation of the tonnage of
352:
is the depth of the hold, in feet below the main deck.
971:"Of Finding the Tonnage or Burthen of Ships, &c."
931:"An Owner's Guide to Tonnage Admeasurement 1998-2003"
559:
493:
383:
274:
107:
679:
divided by 94, whereas the Americans divided by 95.
1331:
1300:
1264:
1239:
1213:
1206:
1181:
1160:
1129:
1122:
1106:
1070:
1054:
1028:
738:
600:
539:
450:
315:
186:
929:Essex, Phil; Mork, Craig S.; Pomeroy, Craig A.
690:, their calculations gave her a burthen of 1533
1006:
8:
741:The Oxford Companion to Ships & the Sea
1210:
1126:
1013:
999:
991:
1168:Panama Canal/Universal Measurement System
822:
820:
587:
579:
571:
568:
560:
558:
521:
513:
505:
502:
494:
492:
437:
424:
411:
403:
395:
392:
384:
382:
302:
294:
286:
283:
275:
273:
168:
160:
141:
133:
122:
116:
108:
106:
830:Chapman great sailing ships of the world
726:
474:is based on an assumed average of 0.62.
732:
730:
480:is the volume of one ton of sea water.
67:of a ship based on length and maximum
861:. The Mary Rose Trust. Archived from
623:The height from the underside of the
253:levied a tax of 3 shillings on each "
7:
468:is estimated to be half of the beam.
802:. Steamship Mutual. Archived from
25:
80:
938:Jensen Maritime Consultants, Inc
961:"Concerning Measuring of Ships"
887:. Not published. Archived from
1442:Sailing rules and handicapping
912:. (London:Leo Cooper), p.167.
796:"Tonnage Measurement of Ships"
669:was used instead of the depth.
333:is the length (undefined), in
154:
151:
130:
119:
95:), and abbreviated "tons bm".
1:
1041:Length between perpendiculars
908:Henderson, James, CBE (1994)
859:"Construction and Dimensions"
224:is the maximum beam, in feet.
977:, London, 1805. pp. 249–251.
1226:Twenty-foot equivalent unit
975:The Shipwright's Vade-Mecum
967:, London, 1707. pp 127–131.
827:Schäuffelen, Otmar (2005).
71:. It is expressed in "tons
1468:
1173:Thames measurement tonnage
29:
1247:Builder's Old Measurement
1147:Compensated gross tonnage
1093:Load line (Plimsoll Line)
885:"The Mary Rose - a Model"
37:Builder's Old Measurement
985:Dictionary of the Marine
965:The Sea-Man's Vade Mecum
1323:Metacentric height (GM)
1046:Length at the waterline
987:, London, 1780, page 56
747:Oxford University Press
90:
1189:Gross register tonnage
981:"Burthen", or "Burden"
780:as one-twentieth of a
737:Kemp, P., ed. (1976).
602:
541:
452:
317:
241:History and derivation
188:
1282:Standard displacement
1230:Intermodal containers
983:, William Falconer's
794:Pearn, Rodney Stone.
674:American tons burthen
603:
542:
484:Or by solving :
453:
318:
189:
1437:Nautical terminology
1194:Net register tonnage
1098:Under keel clearance
557:
491:
381:
272:
105:
77:Early Modern English
1292:Normal displacement
1277:Loaded displacement
657:, main deck is the
233:was created in the
1287:Light displacement
1221:Deadweight tonnage
883:Fielding, Andrew.
774:Template:inflation
715:Thames Measurement
598:
537:
448:
313:
204:is the length, in
184:
1447:Ship measurements
1419:
1418:
1380:§ Neopanamax
1361:Handymax/Supramax
1260:
1259:
1202:
1201:
1022:Ship measurements
844:978-1-58816-384-4
701:
642:full length deck.
596:
590:
582:
574:
563:
535:
529:
525:
516:
508:
497:
472:Block coefficient
446:
432:
419:
415:
406:
398:
387:
372:block coefficient
311:
305:
297:
289:
278:
182:
176:
172:
163:
149:
136:
125:
111:
16:(Redirected from
1459:
1211:
1127:
1015:
1008:
1001:
992:
948:
947:
945:
944:
935:
926:
920:
906:
900:
899:
897:
896:
880:
874:
873:
871:
870:
855:
849:
848:
824:
815:
814:
812:
811:
791:
785:
771:
765:
764:
744:
734:
700:
699:
695:
691:
627:, excluding the
607:
605:
604:
599:
597:
592:
591:
588:
583:
580:
575:
572:
569:
564:
561:
546:
544:
543:
538:
536:
531:
530:
523:
522:
517:
514:
509:
506:
503:
498:
495:
457:
455:
454:
449:
447:
442:
441:
433:
425:
420:
413:
412:
407:
404:
399:
396:
393:
388:
385:
322:
320:
319:
314:
312:
307:
306:
303:
298:
295:
290:
287:
284:
279:
276:
193:
191:
190:
185:
183:
178:
177:
170:
169:
164:
161:
150:
142:
137:
134:
126:
123:
117:
112:
109:
98:The formula is:
84:
21:
1467:
1466:
1462:
1461:
1460:
1458:
1457:
1456:
1422:
1421:
1420:
1415:
1327:
1296:
1256:
1235:
1198:
1177:
1156:
1118:
1102:
1066:
1050:
1024:
1019:
973:, David Steel,
957:
952:
951:
942:
940:
933:
928:
927:
923:
907:
903:
894:
892:
882:
881:
877:
868:
866:
857:
856:
852:
845:
826:
825:
818:
809:
807:
793:
792:
788:
772:
768:
761:
736:
735:
728:
723:
711:
697:
693:
692:
676:
617:
570:
555:
554:
504:
489:
488:
394:
379:
378:
285:
270:
269:
243:
118:
103:
102:
34:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1465:
1463:
1455:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1424:
1423:
1417:
1416:
1414:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1387:
1382:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1337:
1335:
1329:
1328:
1326:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1308:Inclining test
1304:
1302:
1298:
1297:
1295:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1268:
1266:
1262:
1261:
1258:
1257:
1255:
1254:
1252:Moorsom System
1249:
1243:
1241:
1237:
1236:
1234:
1233:
1223:
1217:
1215:
1208:
1204:
1203:
1200:
1199:
1197:
1196:
1191:
1185:
1183:
1179:
1178:
1176:
1175:
1170:
1164:
1162:
1158:
1157:
1155:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1133:
1131:
1124:
1120:
1119:
1117:
1116:
1110:
1108:
1104:
1103:
1101:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1074:
1072:
1068:
1067:
1065:
1064:
1058:
1056:
1052:
1051:
1049:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1036:Length overall
1032:
1030:
1026:
1025:
1020:
1018:
1017:
1010:
1003:
995:
989:
988:
978:
968:
956:
955:External links
953:
950:
949:
921:
901:
875:
850:
843:
837:. p. xx.
816:
786:
782:pound sterling
766:
759:
725:
724:
722:
719:
718:
717:
710:
707:
675:
672:
671:
670:
646:
643:
635:
632:
621:
616:
613:
609:
608:
595:
586:
578:
567:
548:
547:
534:
528:
520:
512:
501:
482:
481:
475:
469:
459:
458:
445:
440:
436:
431:
428:
423:
418:
410:
402:
391:
368:
367:
354:
353:
347:
337:
324:
323:
310:
301:
293:
282:
242:
239:
235:United Kingdom
231:Moorsom System
226:
225:
217:
195:
194:
181:
175:
167:
159:
156:
153:
148:
145:
140:
132:
129:
121:
115:
87:Middle English
59:capacity of a
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1464:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1429:
1427:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1406:VLCC and ULCC
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1338:
1336:
1334:
1330:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1318:Angle of loll
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1305:
1303:
1299:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1269:
1267:
1263:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1244:
1242:
1238:
1231:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1218:
1216:
1212:
1209:
1205:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1186:
1184:
1180:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1165:
1163:
1159:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1142:Gross tonnage
1140:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1132:
1128:
1125:
1121:
1115:
1112:
1111:
1109:
1105:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1083:Moulded depth
1081:
1079:
1076:
1075:
1073:
1069:
1063:
1060:
1059:
1057:
1053:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1033:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1016:
1011:
1009:
1004:
1002:
997:
996:
993:
986:
982:
979:
976:
972:
969:
966:
962:
959:
958:
954:
939:
932:
925:
922:
919:
918:0-85052-432-6
915:
911:
905:
902:
891:on 2009-04-16
890:
886:
879:
876:
865:on 2009-04-16
864:
860:
854:
851:
846:
840:
836:
832:
831:
823:
821:
817:
806:on 2012-08-28
805:
801:
797:
790:
787:
783:
779:
775:
770:
767:
762:
760:0-19-211553-7
756:
752:
748:
743:
742:
733:
731:
727:
720:
716:
713:
712:
708:
706:
703:
689:
688:
680:
673:
668:
664:
660:
656:
655:
650:
647:
644:
641:
636:
634:Depth in hold
633:
630:
626:
622:
620:Depth to deck
619:
618:
614:
612:
593:
584:
576:
565:
553:
552:
551:
532:
526:
518:
510:
499:
487:
486:
485:
479:
476:
473:
470:
467:
464:
463:
462:
443:
438:
434:
429:
426:
421:
416:
408:
400:
389:
377:
376:
375:
373:
365:
362:
361:
360:
357:
351:
348:
345:
341:
338:
336:
332:
329:
328:
327:
308:
299:
291:
280:
268:
267:
266:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
240:
238:
236:
232:
223:
222:
218:
215:
211:
207:
203:
200:
199:
198:
179:
173:
165:
157:
146:
143:
138:
127:
113:
101:
100:
99:
96:
94:
93:
88:
83:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
42:
38:
33:
19:
1272:Displacement
1246:
984:
974:
964:
941:. Retrieved
937:
924:
909:
904:
893:. Retrieved
889:the original
878:
867:. Retrieved
863:the original
853:
835:Hearst Books
829:
808:. Retrieved
804:the original
799:
789:
769:
740:
704:
686:
681:
677:
662:
658:
652:
639:
610:
549:
483:
477:
471:
465:
460:
369:
363:
358:
355:
349:
339:
330:
325:
259:wine gallons
244:
227:
219:
201:
196:
97:
91:
81:
72:
52:
48:
44:
40:
36:
35:
18:Tons burthen
1392:(Qatar-max)
1161:Specialized
1152:Net tonnage
749:. pp.
208:, from the
1426:Categories
1371:Malaccamax
943:2014-05-29
895:2009-07-17
869:2009-07-17
810:2007-04-23
721:References
346:, in feet.
251:Edward III
30:See also:
1396:Seawaymax
1366:Handysize
1301:Stability
1130:Worldwide
1114:Air draft
1088:Freeboard
687:President
685:USS
663:Mary Rose
654:Mary Rose
649:Main deck
645:Main deck
640:lowermost
585:×
577:×
519:×
511:×
435:×
422:×
409:×
401:×
300:×
292:×
214:sternpost
166:×
158:×
139:×
128:−
1411:Yamalmax
1356:Chinamax
1351:Capesize
1346:Baltimax
1207:Capacity
800:Articles
778:shilling
709:See also
263:long ton
247:Edward I
1401:Suezmax
1385:Péniche
1376:Panamax
1341:Aframax
1240:Archaic
1214:Current
1182:Archaic
1137:Tonnage
1055:Breadth
696:⁄
562:Tonnage
496:Tonnage
461:where:
386:Tonnage
342:is the
326:where:
277:Tonnage
212:to the
197:where:
110:Tonnage
92:byrthen
82:burthen
65:tonnage
32:tonnage
1452:Volume
1333:Limits
1265:Weight
1123:Volume
1107:Height
1029:Length
916:
841:
757:
659:second
573:Length
507:Length
397:Length
331:Length
288:Length
202:Length
124:Length
73:burden
51:, and
1390:Q-Max
1078:Draft
1071:Depth
934:(PDF)
667:draft
615:Depth
589:Depth
478:35 ft
466:Draft
350:Depth
304:Depth
245:King
57:cargo
1432:Mass
1378:and
1313:List
1062:Beam
914:ISBN
839:ISBN
755:ISBN
665:the
629:keel
625:hull
581:Beam
524:Beam
515:Beam
439:0.62
414:Beam
405:Beam
344:beam
340:Beam
335:feet
296:Beam
221:Beam
210:stem
206:feet
171:Beam
162:Beam
135:Beam
69:beam
61:ship
53:o.m.
751:876
364:100
309:100
255:tun
75:" (
41:BOM
1428::
963:,
936:.
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