1026:
2044:
1818:
848:
2599:
1868:
890:
1655:
1833:
904:
5274:
1519:
1627:
949:
2931:, for which love is a subtle philosophy only a few chosen knights and princesses could grasp. Love is blind to blasons but not to a good heart when it finds one: when it succeeds it is the result of the spiritual, not physical affinity between two souls. Guinizzelli's democratic view can be better understood in the light of the greater equality and freedom enjoyed by the city-states of the center-north and the rise of a middle class eager to legitimise itself in the eyes of the old nobility, still regarded with respect and admiration but dispossessed of its political power.
1915:
3472:
2585:
964:
982:
833:
3760:
highest density is found in the province of Prato (675/km or 1,750/sq mi), followed by the provinces of
Pistoia, Livorno, Florence and Lucca, peaking in the cities of Florence (more than 3,500/km or 9,100/sq mi), Livorno, Prato, Viareggio, Forte dei Marmi and Montecatini Terme (all with a population density of more than 1,000/km or 2,600/sq mi). The territorial distribution of the population is closely linked to the socio-cultural and, more recently, economic and industrial development of Tuscany.
1430:
1147:
106:
1710:
2543:
935:
2615:
3273:
3444:
3857:
2529:
867:
1641:
3038:
1675:
2571:
2557:
920:
7166:
94:
5128:
3500:
1503:
1309:
1416:
5186:
1469:
121:
2657:
1847:
2629:
3458:
2643:
2753:
2854:
665:
7155:
1699:
1231:, endowed the area with new technologies and development, and ensured peace. These developments included extensions of existing roads, the introduction of aqueducts and sewers, and the construction of many buildings, both public and private. However, many of these structures have been destroyed by erosion due to weather.
1927:
Tuscany has a unique artistic legacy, and
Florence is one of the world's most important water-colour centres, even so that it is often nicknamed the "art palace of Italy" (the region is also believed to have the largest concentration of Renaissance art and architecture in the world). Painters such as
1546:. Though "Tuscany" remained a linguistic, cultural, and geographic conception rather than a political reality, in the 15th century, Florence extended its dominion in Tuscany through the annexation of Arezzo in 1384, the purchase of Pisa in 1405, and the suppression of a local resistance there (1406).
1404:
epidemic hit
Tuscany starting in 1348. It eventually killed 70% of the Tuscan population. According to Melissa Snell, "Florence lost a third of its population in the first six months of the plague, and from 45% to 75% of its population in the first year." In 1630, Florence and Tuscany were once again
2165:
worked there. While
Baldassare Peruzzi was born and trained in Siena, his major works and style reflect his long career in Rome. The economic and political decline of Siena by the 16th century, and its eventual subjugation by Florence, largely checked the development of Sienese painting, although it
821:
The climate is fairly mild in the coastal areas, and is harsher and rainy in the interior, with considerable fluctuations in temperature between winter and summer, giving the region a soil-building active freeze-thaw cycle, in part accounting for the region once having served as a key breadbasket of
3543:
Italy has one of the strongest textile industries in Europe, accounting for approximately one-quarter of
European production. Its turnover is over 25 billion euros. It is the third largest supplier of clothing after China and Japan. The Italian fashion industry generates 60% of its turnover abroad.
3535:
industry are the pillars of the
Florentine economy. In the 15th century, Florentines were working with luxury textiles such as wool and silk. Today the greatest designers in Europe utilize the textile industry in Tuscany, and especially Florence. A large plant of production is happening in the town
2967:
is a short poem, in seven-syllable verses, rhyming in couplets, in which the author professes to be lost in a wilderness and to meet with a lady, who represents Nature, from whom he receives much instruction. We see here the vision, the allegory, the instruction with a moral object, three elements
3763:
Accordingly, the least densely populated areas are those where the main activity is agriculture, unlike the others where, despite the presence of several large industrial complexes, the main activities are connected with tourism and associated services, alongside many small firms in the leather,
4460:
Il termine "Villanoviano" è entrato nella letteratura archeologica quando, a metà dell '800, il conte
Gozzadini mise in luce le prime tombe ad incinerazione nella sua proprietà di Villanova di Castenaso, in località Caselle (BO). La cultura villanoviana coincide con il periodo più antico della
3759:
The population density of
Tuscany, with 161 inhabitants per square kilometre (420/sq mi) in 2008, is below the national average (198.8/km or 515/sq mi). This is due to the low population density of the provinces of Arezzo, Siena, and especially Grosseto (50/km or 130/sq mi). The
2891:
laughs when in his sonnets he tells a party of
Sienese youths the occupations of every month in the year, or when he teaches a party of Florentine lads the pleasures of every day in the week. Cenne della Chitarra laughs when he parodies Folgore's sonnets. The sonnets of Rustico di Filippo are
3312:
One of the traditional foundations of the industrial sector is mining, given the abundance of underground resources. Also of note are textiles and clothing, chemicals and pharmaceuticals, steel and metalworking, glass and ceramics, and printing and publishing. Smaller areas specialising in
3304:. Although its share is falling all the time, agriculture still contributes to the region's economy. In the region's inland areas cereals, potatoes, olives, and grapes are grown. The swamplands, which used to be marshy, now produce vegetables, rice, tobacco, beets, and sunflowers.
2157:. Unlike the naturalistic Florentine art, there is a mystical streak in Sienese art, characterized by a common focus on miraculous events, distortions of time and place, and often dreamlike coloration, with less attention to proportions. In the 16th century, the Mannerists
2875:, but its literary originality took another line – that of humorous and satirical poetry. The democratic form of government created a style of poetry that stood strongly against the medieval mystic and chivalrous style. Devout invocation of God or a lady came from the
3353:
In
Tuscany 80% of tourism demand is concentrated in cities of art and seaside resorts, the rest is divided between the countryside, hills, and mountains. In 2019 the municipalities with the relatively higher percentage of presences, in descending order, are:
3154:(GDP) of the region was 117.5 billion euros in 2018, accounting for 6.7% of Italy's economic output. GDP per capita adjusted for purchasing power was 31,400 euros or 104% of the EU27 average in the same year. The GDP per employee was 106% of the EU average.
1604:
The Sienese commune was not incorporated into Tuscany until 1555, and during the 15th century, Siena enjoyed a cultural 'Sienese Renaissance' with its own more conservative character. Lucca remained an independent republic until 1847 when it became part of
1454:
2169:
The Lucchese School, also known as the School of Lucca and as the Pisan-Lucchese School, was a school of painting and sculpture that flourished in the 11th and 12th centuries in the western and southern part of the region, with an important centre in
3786:. There is also a significant community of British and American residents. As of 2008, the Italian national institute of statistics ISTAT estimated that 275,149 foreign-born immigrants live in Tuscany, equal to 7% of the total regional population.
794:. Tuscany has an area of approximately 22,993 square kilometres (8,878 sq mi). Surrounded and crossed by major mountain chains and with few (but fertile) plains, the region has a relief that is dominated by hilly country used for
4461:
civiltà etrusca, in particolare durante i secoli IX e VIII a.C. e i termini di Villanoviano I, II e III, utilizzati dagli archeologi per scandire le fasi evolutive, costituiscono partizioni convenzionali della prima età del Ferro.
2948:, Dante and their followers. His poetry has some of the faults of the school of d'Arezzo. Nevertheless, he marks a great development in the history of Italian art, especially because of his close connection with Dante's
1589:. Florence was dominated by a series of papal proxies until 1527 when the citizens declared the republic again, only to have it taken from them again in 1530 after a siege by an Imperial and Spanish army. At this point
3437:), a non-profit private association of small Italian towns of strong historical and artistic interest, that was founded on the initiative of the Tourism Council of the National Association of Italian Municipalities.
3820:
is exercised by the Regional Government led by the President, who is directly elected by the people. The current Statute, which regulates the functioning of the regional institutions, has been in force since 2005.
1817:
2837:, an organization that currently sponsors major musical activities such as the Siena Music Week and the Alfredo Casella International Composition Competition. Other important musical centres in Tuscany include
1893:
Tuscany has an immense cultural and artistic heritage, expressed in the region's churches, palaces, art galleries, museums, villages, and piazzas. Many of these artifacts are found in the main cities, such as
4175:
4940:
501:
led to its subsequent elaboration as the language of culture throughout Italy. It has been home to many figures influential in the history of art and science, and contains well-known museums such as the
847:
2166:
also meant that many Sienese works in churches and public buildings were not discarded or destroyed by new paintings or rebuilding. Siena remains a remarkably well-preserved Italian late-Medieval town.
3130:
from 1808 to 1814. The Duchy comprised most of the present area of Tuscany, and its capital was Florence. In December 1859, the Grand Duchy officially ceased to exist, being joined to the duchies of
1204:. In northwestern Tuscany, the area between the Arno and Magra rivers was culturally aligned with the Etruscans in the early Iron Age, and came under Ligurian control in the late Iron Age.
7227:
802:), a further 25%, or 5,770 square kilometres (2,230 sq mi). Plains occupy 8.4% of the total area—1,930 square kilometres (750 sq mi)—mainly around the valley of the
1811:, Tuscany once more flourished as a cultural centre of Italy. Since the establishment of the regional government in 1970, Tuscany has always been ruled by centre-left governments.
1867:
1654:
1207:
One reason for the eventual demise of this civilization was the increasing absorption by surrounding cultures, including the adoption of the Etruscan upper class by the Romans.
1389:
was one of the most famous of the Medici. The legacy of his influence is visible today in the prodigious expression of art and architecture in Florence. His famous descendant
1025:
3313:
manufacturing and craft industries are found in the hinterland: the leather and footwear area in the south-west part of the province of Florence, the hot-house plant area in
2121:
between the 13th and 15th centuries and for a time rivaled Florence, though it was more conservative, being inclined towards the decorative beauty and elegant grace of late
798:. Hills make up nearly two-thirds (66.5%) of the region's total area, covering 15,292 square kilometres (5,904 sq mi), and mountains (of which the highest are the
3096:
is perhaps the most well-known internationally. Due to the many British tourists who come to the area where Chianti wine is produced this specific area has been nicknamed "
351:
1742:
6225:
2043:
3126:
issues of the world, and include the most valuable Italian stamp. The Grand Duchy of Tuscany was an independent Italian state from 1569 to 1859 but was occupied by
4179:
889:
4218:
2911:
forms for national motives and Latin forms. He attempted political poetry, and although his work is often obscure, he prepared the way for the Bolognese school.
903:
6257:
4328:
1823:
3398:. In the Tuscan tourist areas, together with the Florentine area, the Etruscan Coast holds the relatively largest share of presences, immediately followed by
2598:
948:
6888:
6240:
3109:
866:
6852:
5782:
5430:
1832:
1374:. Balance between these communes was ensured by the assets they held: Pisa, a port; Siena, banking; and Lucca, banking and silk. But by the time of the
652:, making Tuscany and its capital Florence popular tourist destinations. In 2018, Florence alone had over 5 million arrivals, making it the world's 51st
6986:
4869:
1626:
1573:, the forms of the republic were retained and the Medici ruled without a title, usually without even a formal office. These rulers presided over the
6893:
4690:
4376:
653:
2174:. The art is mostly anonymous. Although not as elegant or delicate as the Florentine School, Lucchese works are remarkable for their monumentality.
1429:
1350:
in central and northern Italy during the 12th and 13th centuries, split the Tuscan people. The two factions gave rise to several powerful and rich
832:
6458:
4887:
981:
2944:, and one in particular, "Al cor gentil" ("To a Kind Heart") is considered the manifesto of the new movement which would bloom in Florence under
2927:
are changed and enlarged. Only those whose heart is pure can be blessed with true love, regardless of class. He refuted the traditional credo of
5033:
3471:
5670:
458:
with an area of about 23,000 square kilometres (8,900 square miles) and a population of about 3.8 million inhabitants. The regional capital is
358:
2005:, to name a few. Most of the frescos, sculptures, and paintings in Tuscany are held in the region's abundant churches and cathedrals, such as
1987:
The region contains numerous museums and art galleries, many housing some of the world's most precious works of art. Such museums include the
7136:
6299:
4626:
4734:
2770:. Florence is the main musical centre of Tuscany. The city was at the heart of much of the Western musical tradition. It was there that the
1338:. The food and shelter required by these travellers fuelled the growth of communities around churches and taverns. The conflict between the
6933:
6208:
6016:
5388:
4120:
4100:
963:
6125:
3507:
in Florence, the city's top fashion and shopping street, contains some of the world's most luxurious clothing and jewelry houses, such as
6262:
668:
1585:
oversaw the state. Cardinal Giovanni di Lorenzo de' Medici retook the city with Spanish forces in 1512, before going to Rome to become
6981:
6566:
6193:
6026:
5787:
4580:
1766:
581:
is the most visited seaside destination in the region, with seaside tourism accounting for approximately 40% of tourist arrivals. The
3770:
make up 93% of the total population. Starting from the 1980s, the region has attracted a large flux of immigrants, particularly from
6213:
6188:
6031:
5329:
5174:
5109:
5080:
4988:
4824:
4655:
4511:
4484:
4453:
4105:
3119:
425:
31:
3428:
1714:
1468:
4671:
4299:
1518:
6585:
5866:
5752:
3750:
2717:
6162:
6709:
6621:
6468:
6463:
6294:
5507:
2782:, fostering the further development of the operatic form, and the later developments of separate "classical" forms such as the
5152:
7237:
6657:
6245:
5722:
5423:
5273:
4256:
4783:
2584:
6908:
6739:
6626:
6157:
6152:
5352:
5217:
4720:
4013:
3949:
3906:
3861:
3494:
2871:
In Tuscany, especially in the Middle Ages, popular love poetry existed. A school of imitators of the Sicilians was led by
2380:
1746:
1594:
1562:
645:
6304:
2996:. The poems today are generally studied not as literature, but for historical context. A fourth allegorical work was the
1846:
6667:
6606:
6591:
6443:
5757:
4115:
1914:
519:
321:
105:
4145:
2082:, and in the 15th century the leading school of the world. Some of the best known artists of the Florentine School are
1215:
Soon after absorbing Etruria (to the north, northeast, east, and a strip to the south), Rome established the cities of
7242:
7011:
6729:
6575:
6357:
6267:
6167:
6053:
6021:
5706:
5263:
4816:
3813:
2834:
2762:
Tuscany has a rich ancient and modern musical tradition, and has produced numerous composers and musicians, including
2018:
1874:
613:
193:
2888:
1800:). Following the fall of Mussolini and the armistice of 8 September 1943, Tuscany became part of the Nazi-controlled
1406:
1192:
from the tenth century BCE, reaching its peak during the seventh and sixth centuries B.C., finally succumbing to the
4201:
7066:
6694:
6514:
6421:
6394:
6329:
6203:
5737:
5663:
3512:
3131:
2158:
1888:
934:
531:
7232:
7096:
6862:
6785:
6749:
5767:
5732:
5727:
5416:
5317:
5238:
3367:
3329:
area. The heavy industries (mining, steel, and mechanical engineering) are concentrated along the coastal strip (
2542:
2358:
2353:
1757:, who let the country be ruled by his son. The dynasty of the Lorena ruled Tuscany until 1860, except during the
1640:
854:
578:
554:
7183:
3443:
2614:
7111:
7101:
7081:
7051:
7006:
6704:
6546:
6478:
6448:
6428:
6309:
5985:
5950:
5747:
3825:
2696:. It became the language of culture for all the people of Italy, thanks to the prestige of the masterpieces of
1553:
From the leading city of Florence, the republic was from 1434 onward dominated by the increasingly monarchical
1079:
1041:
1016:
182:
156:
35:
1598:
1200:
and subsequently Tuscania and Tuscany. While the areas of north-western Tuscany were inhabited by the ancient
6991:
6754:
6611:
6581:
6556:
6473:
6433:
6372:
6271:
6036:
6006:
4402:
1801:
1459:
1390:
1339:
339:
1674:
534:. Having a strong linguistic and cultural identity, it is sometimes considered "a nation within a nation".
6689:
6677:
6453:
6438:
6130:
5772:
5312:
3151:
3115:
2973:
2713:
2709:
2488:
2058:
In the medieval period and the Renaissance, four main Tuscan art schools competed against each other: the
1781:
1738:
1703:
1693:
1660:
1606:
1574:
1507:
919:
527:
498:
494:
4694:
4380:
6996:
6923:
6903:
6817:
6766:
6524:
6504:
6314:
5908:
5876:
5762:
5742:
5656:
5502:
5167:
3477:
3371:
3142:
a few months later in March 1860. In 1862 it became part of Italy and joined the Italian postal system.
2692:) is spoken in Tuscany. The Italian language is based historically on literary Tuscan, specifically the
2324:
2197:
1785:
1570:
1527:
1161:
1141:
1117:
523:
300:
3504:
1646:
1566:
1415:
1386:
2528:
93:
6847:
6662:
6551:
6529:
6183:
6081:
5965:
5833:
5347:
5302:
5222:
5031:
4760:
4284:
3965:
3871:
3801:
3004:
2897:
2248:
2224:
2107:
2083:
1941:
1918:
1614:
1558:
1312:
1267:
1129:
1052:
310:
4342:
3284:
The subsoil in Tuscany is relatively rich in mineral resources, with iron ore, copper, mercury, and
2570:
7131:
7121:
7076:
6842:
6807:
6802:
6519:
6140:
6076:
5996:
5339:
5248:
5227:
4647:
4618:
4413:, episode "The Grasp of an Empire", copyright unknown, rebroadcast 11-12:00 hrs EDST, 29 June 2009.
4045:
3981:
3896:
3881:
3795:
3490:
3139:
2901:
2883:; in the streets of the cities everything that had gone before was treated with ridicule or biting
2771:
2556:
2438:
2299:
2292:
2150:
2142:
2138:
2030:
1769:, a revolution evicted the last Grand Duke, and after a plebiscite, Tuscany became part of the new
1762:
1578:
1523:
1497:
1453:
1067:
617:
609:
474:
168:
4738:
7106:
7091:
7071:
6928:
6869:
6822:
6744:
6601:
6571:
6561:
6536:
6509:
6416:
6409:
6345:
6101:
6096:
5813:
5324:
5284:
5212:
5198:
4110:
3933:
3866:
3805:
2705:
2693:
2185:
2154:
2006:
1993:
1394:
1102:
1030:
1020:
1001:
895:
881:
806:. Many of Tuscany's most significant cities lie on the banks of the Arno, including the capital,
799:
787:
772:
490:
3000:, which is sometimes attributed to Compagni but is probably only a translation of French poems.
1709:
3041:
An assortment of Tuscan foods: various wine and cheese, and different sorts of salamis and hams
1196:
by the first century BCE. From the Etruscans, Tuscany took the name of Etruria, Tuscia for the
7056:
7046:
6918:
6832:
6797:
6724:
6714:
6492:
6362:
6276:
6106:
6086:
6060:
6048:
5843:
5838:
5823:
5818:
5803:
5307:
5258:
5253:
5232:
5105:
5076:
4820:
4651:
4622:
4612:
4576:
4507:
4480:
4449:
4406:
4329:"La Maremma regina del turismo. Solo le città d'arte la superano. Castiglione presenze record"
4077:
4061:
3997:
3901:
3891:
3876:
3809:
3508:
3363:
3162:
The unemployment rate stood at 7.3% in 2018 and was slightly lower than the national average.
2907:
Another type of poetry also began in Tuscany. Guittone d'Arezzo made art abandon chivalry and
2794:
2747:
2656:
2481:
2457:
2341:
2146:
2134:
2079:
2059:
2052:
1977:
1758:
1734:
1632:
1512:
1363:
1347:
1152:
641:
4810:
7222:
7126:
6948:
6898:
6879:
6874:
6827:
6734:
6672:
6652:
6640:
6596:
6399:
6379:
6367:
6230:
6198:
6111:
5828:
5691:
5683:
5639:
5439:
5399:
5373:
5297:
5243:
5160:
4847:
4279:
4029:
3886:
3841:
3449:
3403:
3272:
3078:
2945:
2920:
2893:
2818:
2798:
2741:
2721:
2681:
2409:
1953:
1777:
1770:
1750:
1680:
1590:
1351:
1303:
1271:
1146:
1094:
1071:
1048:
1012:
940:
594:
538:
478:
451:
446:
434:
393:
253:
244:
81:
61:
1807:
Following the end of the Social Republic and the transition from the Kingdom to the modern
7036:
7026:
7021:
7016:
6913:
6837:
6699:
6218:
6116:
6001:
5901:
5808:
5522:
5489:
5383:
5368:
5072:
5037:
3817:
3046:
2960:
2941:
2872:
2865:
2822:
2814:
2775:
2767:
2763:
2756:
2697:
2628:
2469:
2260:
2067:
2038:
2010:
1838:
1730:
1493:
1474:
1421:
1335:
1299:
482:
98:
3337:
areas), where there are also important chemical industries. Also of note are the marble (
2868:. Tuscany's literary scene particularly thrived in the 13th century and the Renaissance.
2642:
1936:, the fathers of Italian painting, lived in Florence and Tuscany, as well as Arnolfo and
1804:
and was conquered almost totally by the Anglo-American forces during the summer of 1944.
3856:
3457:
7169:
7116:
7086:
7031:
6938:
6812:
6759:
6719:
6389:
6384:
6235:
6135:
6091:
6043:
5945:
5913:
5871:
5848:
5559:
5497:
5480:
4939:
Regional Statistical Office of the Tuscany Region, Tuscany region (12 September 2019).
4675:
3829:
3135:
3037:
3026:
3008:
2729:
2685:
2675:
2373:
2348:
2275:
2130:
2075:
2063:
2048:
2034:
2014:
1793:
1789:
1722:
1582:
1323:
1247:
1235:
1044:
988:
873:
839:
823:
783:
748:
649:
633:
602:
71:
7216:
7041:
6682:
6252:
5940:
5918:
5777:
5611:
5447:
5136:
5058:
5054:
5011:"I Borghi più belli d'Italia, la guida online ai piccoli centri dell'Italia nascosta"
3407:
3123:
3070:
3013:
2985:
2620:
2548:
2518:
2508:
2498:
2387:
2103:
1998:
1973:
1961:
1937:
1903:
1858:
1754:
1479:
1382:
768:
637:
621:
562:
507:
455:
329:
178:
3499:
2853:
1502:
1308:
664:
469:
Tuscany is known for its landscapes, history, artistic legacy, and its influence on
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6011:
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2095:
2091:
1981:
1965:
1957:
1718:
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One family that benefitted from Florence's growing wealth and power was the ruling
1251:
1239:
1197:
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779:
605:
are also internationally renowned and particularly popular spots among travellers.
470:
4445:
Gli etruschi tra VIII e VII secolo a.C. nel territorio di Castelfranco Emilia (MO)
3425:
Tuscany has many small and picturesque villages, 29 of them have been selected by
2864:
Several famous writers and poets are from Tuscany, most notably Florentine author
1188:
well into prehistory. The civilization grew to fill the area between the Arno and
5091:
5062:
4501:
4474:
4443:
7061:
7001:
6971:
6324:
5955:
5568:
5378:
4913:
4787:
3844:". Since 1970, Tuscany has been continuously governed by left-wing governments.
3066:
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1543:
1442:
1401:
1375:
1177:
795:
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5097:
5068:
3395:
3325:, and the processing of timber for the manufacture of wooden furniture in the
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2503:
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2431:
2392:
2270:
2122:
2099:
1969:
1665:
1586:
1259:
1125:
1075:
1037:
969:
877:
7198:
7185:
1128:
developed in the late Villanovan (paralleling Greece and the Aegean) before "
30:
This article is about the Italian province. For various medieval states, see
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2402:
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2265:
2207:
2162:
2087:
1945:
1853:
1436:
1275:
1263:
1243:
1173:
973:
291:
4870:"Regional GDP per capita ranged from 30% to 263% of the EU average in 2018"
3069:
appear in October and November. Beef of the highest quality comes from the
2724:, when it was formed. Many Tuscan terms are also common in the dialects of
4989:"Borghi più belli d'Italia. Le 14 novità 2023, dal Trentino alla Calabria"
6976:
6961:
6956:
6857:
5891:
5886:
5619:
5596:
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3767:
3415:
3411:
3379:
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was the poet after the new fashion of the art. In his work, the ideas of
2908:
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2701:
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2426:
2334:
2319:
2314:
2255:
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2171:
2111:
2002:
1949:
1895:
1610:
1539:
1531:
1359:
1279:
1228:
1121:
1098:
955:
926:
807:
598:
570:
550:
486:
459:
141:
4614:
Encyclopedia of Plague and Pestilence: From Ancient Times to the Present
3138:
to form the United Provinces of Central Italy, which was annexed by the
2774:
convened in the mid-16th century and experimented with setting tales of
481:. The prestige established by the Tuscan dialect's use in literature by
5991:
5923:
5576:
5535:
5292:
5185:
3783:
3779:
3775:
3532:
3524:
3520:
3399:
3387:
3338:
3330:
3326:
3314:
3285:
3277:
3093:
3062:
3058:
2936:
2912:
2884:
2826:
2810:
2662:
2562:
2450:
2309:
2304:
2236:
2202:
2074:
The Florentine School refers to artists in, from, or influenced by the
1929:
1797:
1773:. From 1864 to 1870 Florence became the second capital of the kingdom.
1698:
1547:
1319:
1201:
1185:
910:
858:
744:
582:
515:
234:
17:
6616:
5624:
5601:
5581:
5512:
5470:
5460:
3837:
3833:
3127:
3050:
3017:), creating the model for what became a standard for modern Italian.
2977:
2880:
2790:
2725:
2648:
2534:
2493:
2445:
2285:
2280:
2192:
2126:
1988:
1933:
1554:
1355:
1343:
1331:
1287:
1181:
811:
764:
756:
752:
629:
546:
503:
317:
296:
4941:"Tuscany between accommodation supply and demand: summary data 2019"
3122:, produced two postage stamp issues which are among the most prized
2078:
style developed in the 14th century, largely through the efforts of
1902:, but also in smaller villages scattered around the region, such as
5408:
5147:
5010:
1577:. There was a return to the republic from 1494 to 1512, when first
5896:
5679:
5455:
3852:
Tuscany is divided into nine provinces and one Metropolitan City:
3771:
3537:
3516:
3498:
3383:
3342:
3318:
3271:
3053:, bread, cheese, vegetables, mushrooms, and fresh fruit are used.
3036:
2981:
2852:
2830:
2806:
2779:
2751:
2634:
2604:
2513:
2474:
2363:
2212:
2118:
2042:
1913:
1899:
1808:
1708:
1697:
1517:
1501:
1371:
1307:
1283:
1255:
1224:
1216:
1189:
1145:
1024:
760:
663:
625:
590:
586:
574:
566:
542:
131:
5648:
5141:
1078:, and, at the end of the Bronze Age, by peoples of the so-called
6404:
5881:
3566:
3463:
3419:
3359:
3334:
3086:
2838:
2590:
2416:
1367:
1327:
1220:
815:
803:
791:
558:
511:
372:
5652:
5412:
5156:
4554:
4552:
4425:
4423:
4421:
4419:
1242:
collapsed in the fifth century, and the region fell briefly to
1184:
and to produce vibrant art. The Etruscans lived in the area of
2896:
of Siena, the oldest humorist we know, a far-off precursor of
4735:"Florence Art Tours, Florence Museums, Florence Architecture"
3118:, an independent Italian state until 1859 when it joined the
3092:
Wine is a famous and common produce of Tuscany. The red wine
1741:. The Medici family became extinct in 1737 with the death of
5272:
3561:
1047:. The Tuscan area was inhabited by peoples of the so-called
1036:
The pre-Etruscan history of the area in the middle and late
775:, has an exclave named Ca' Raffaello within Emilia-Romagna.
743:
Roughly triangular in shape, Tuscany borders the regions of
417:
411:
4300:"Le sei regioni italiane più visitate. La top 20 europea"
3011:
published the Tuscan poets Petrarch and Dante Alighieri (
2716:. It would later become the official language of all the
402:
4476:
La cultura villanoviana: all'inizio della storia etrusca
4202:"Population on 1 January by age, sex and NUTS 2 region"
1550:
was bought in 1421 and became the harbour of Florence.
1378:, Florence had become the cultural capital of Tuscany.
1120:, saw Tuscany, and the rest of Etruria, taken over by
4257:"storia della lingua in 'Enciclopedia dell'Italiano'"
687: B: 80 < Im < 100
426:
414:
408:
405:
4219:"Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab"
399:
6947:
6784:
6639:
6491:
6344:
6287:
6176:
6163:
Austrian occupation and Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia
6069:
5978:
5859:
5796:
5715:
5699:
5690:
5610:
5567:
5558:
5521:
5488:
5479:
5446:
5361:
5338:
5283:
5197:
396:
367:
357:
338:
328:
307:
290:
282:
277:
269:
264:
233:
225:
217:
212:
204:
199:
189:
174:
164:
152:
147:
137:
127:
48:
2129:, whose work shows Byzantine influence; his pupil
4737:. Travelguide.affordabletours.com. Archived from
2809:hosted possibly the greatest Italian composer of
1007:Apennine, Proto-Villanovan and Villanovan culture
7228:NUTS 2 statistical regions of the European Union
4717:Fighting the Plague in Seventeenth Century Italy
4644:The Black Death, 1346-1353: The Complete History
4244:The European Renaissance: Centre and Peripheries
1097:system. Following this, at the beginning of the
4558:
4429:
2789:There are numerous musical centres in Tuscany.
1613:and other strategic towns constituted the tiny
727:: −33,3 < Im < 0
4812:The Other Italy: The Literary Canon in Dialect
4323:
4321:
2955:In the 13th century, there were several major
1761:, when most of the country was annexed to the
1534:1498 — painting depicting Renaissance Florence
5664:
5424:
5168:
4914:"Tasso di disoccupazione - livello regionale"
3426:
3317:, the ceramics and textile industries in the
2778:to music and staging, resulting in the first
2125:. Its most important representatives include
2117:The Sienese School of painting flourished in
1780:, the area came under the dominance of local
703:: 20 < Im < 80
608:Eight Tuscan localities have been designated
53:
8:
3552:
3110:Postage stamps and postal history of Tuscany
2892:half-fun and half-satire, as is the work of
2797:, the 11th-century monk who invented modern
1172:in this region, large enough to establish a
715:: 0 < Im < 20
3824:Tuscany is a stronghold of the centre-left
1440:
1066:BC) who had trading relationships with the
6790:
6645:
6497:
6350:
5696:
5671:
5657:
5649:
5564:
5485:
5431:
5417:
5409:
5175:
5161:
5153:
4594:
4592:
4539:
4537:
4535:
4533:
4531:
4529:
4527:
4525:
4523:
4371:
4369:
4367:
4365:
4363:
3913:
3551:
2988:, wrote two little allegorical poems, the
1940:, renewers of architecture and sculpture;
1334:brought wealth and development during the
1234:The Roman civilization in the West of the
790:, of which the most significant island is
473:. It is regarded as the birthplace of the
45:
4343:"Top 100 City Destinations: 2019 Edition"
4672:"The Economic Impact of the Black Death"
4503:The Etruscans: A Very Short Introduction
4393:Text finalised in March 2004 - Eurostat.
3164:
2994:Del reggimento e dei costumi delle donne
2976:, a learned lawyer who was secretary to
2793:is indelibly connected with the name of
1266:), then was re-conquered by the revived
4137:
3439:
2963:, who was a close friend of Dante. His
2610:
2524:
1813:
1717:, in which 560 locals were murdered by
1622:
1542:, is regarded as the birthplace of the
1411:
828:
778:Tuscany has a western coastline on the
648:(2021). Tuscany has over 120 protected
366:
356:
327:
289:
276:
263:
232:
211:
198:
146:
136:
126:
117:
87:
5142:Official website of the Tuscany Region
4448:(in Italian). All’Insegna del Giglio.
1601:as the first formal hereditary ruler.
208:22,985 km (8,875 sq mi)
4888:"Unemployment rate by NUTS 2 regions"
4693:. About.com Education. Archived from
4598:
4543:
2805:system of naming notes of the scale;
1116:BC), regarded as the oldest phase of
735: D: Im < −33,3
445:
337:
306:
281:
268:
224:
216:
203:
188:
173:
163:
151:
7:
6209:Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy
5389:Neoclassical architecture in Tuscany
5093:Adventure Guide Tuscany & Umbria
4784:"Artists of the Italian Renaissance"
4733:Miner, Jennifer (2 September 2008).
4121:Neoclassical architecture in Tuscany
3435:The most beautiful Villages of Italy
4846:Granacki, Alyssa. Duke University.
4280:"The road in Tuscany: a commentary"
3764:glass, paper and clothing sectors.
3321:area, scooters, and motorcycles in
679: A: Im > 200
669:Thornthwaite climate classification
537:Tuscany is the second-most-popular
1952:, forefathers of the Renaissance;
1767:Second Italian War of Independence
1733:, rulers of Florence, annexed the
1278:. In the years following 572, the
1246:migrating through the Empire from
25:
4761:"Florentine Art and Architecture"
4377:"TOSCANA - Geography and history"
4106:List of municipalities of Tuscany
3840:the so-called Italian political "
3120:United Provinces of Central Italy
3073:, specifically, a breed known as
2968:which we shall find again in the
1745:, and Tuscany was transferred to
1093:BC) part of the central European
628:(1995); the historical centre of
624:(1990); the historical centre of
620:(1987); the historical centre of
7165:
7164:
7153:
5184:
5148:Tuscany official tourism website
5126:
4819:. pp. 12–14, 25, 179, 202.
4176:"Statistiche demografiche ISTAT"
4146:"Statistiche demografiche ISTAT"
3855:
3470:
3456:
3442:
2857:Tuscan poet and literary figure
2655:
2641:
2627:
2613:
2597:
2583:
2569:
2555:
2541:
2527:
1866:
1845:
1831:
1816:
1753:and husband of Austrian Empress
1673:
1653:
1639:
1625:
1467:
1452:
1428:
1414:
1286:the capital of their subsequent
980:
962:
947:
933:
918:
902:
888:
865:
846:
831:
763:to the south and southeast. The
510:. Tuscany is also known for its
392:
119:
104:
92:
6894:Orders, decorations, and medals
4642:Benedictow, Ole Jørgen (2004).
4278:Hewlett, Maurice Henry (1904).
3300:, and the vast marble mines in
1713:Memorial to the victims of the
1976:, and the universal genius of
1715:Sant'Anna di Stazzema massacre
477:and of the foundations of the
1:
5353:List of presidents of Tuscany
4991:(in Italian). 16 January 2023
4969:(in Italian). 5 December 2016
4721:University of Wisconsin Press
4014:Province of Massa and Carrara
3950:Metropolitan City of Florence
3495:Fashion designers of Florence
3061:and Frantoiano olives. White
3045:Simplicity is central to the
2915:was the city of science, and
2381:province of Massa and Carrara
1826:, first Grand Duke of Tuscany
1176:infrastructure, to implement
1106:
1083:
1056:
646:the Great Spa Towns of Europe
549:. The main tourist spots are
5508:Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol
4573:The Peoples of Ancient Italy
3341:area) and paper industries (
2066:, the Pisan School, and the
1393:married Prince Henry (later
520:Vino Nobile di Montepulciano
6934:Water supply and sanitation
6358:Italian geographical region
6226:Monarchy and the World Wars
6168:Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
6054:War of the Sicilian Vespers
5707:Timeline of Italian history
5131:Geographic data related to
4850:. Retrieved 24 August 2020.
4817:University of Toronto Press
4809:Haller, Hermann W. (1999).
4575:. de Gruyter. p. 371.
4559:Barker & Rasmussen 2000
4500:Smith, Christopher (2014).
4430:Barker & Rasmussen 2000
4101:Cities and towns in Tuscany
3814:Regional Council of Tuscany
3429:I Borghi più belli d'Italia
3114:Between 1851 and 1860, the
2835:Accademia Musicale Chigiana
2019:Collegiata di San Gimignano
1991:, which keeps Botticelli's
1609:by the will of its people.
614:historic Centre of Florence
7259:
6853:Inventions and discoveries
6263:Fall of the Fascist regime
6246:Fourth War of Independence
6204:Expedition of the Thousand
6194:Second War of Independence
4848:Brunetto Latini, Tesoretto
4715:Cipolla, Carlo M. (1981).
4306:(in Italian). 10 July 2014
3793:
3488:
3107:
3030:
3024:
2745:
2739:
2673:
2028:
1889:List of museums in Tuscany
1886:
1691:
1491:
1342:, factions supporting the
1297:
1168:) created the first major
1139:
1010:
999:
532:Vernaccia di San Gimignano
29:
7149:
6793:
6648:
6627:Security and intelligence
6500:
6353:
6214:Third War of Independence
6189:First War of Independence
5637:
5397:
5270:
4473:Bartoloni, Gilda (2002).
4347:Euromonitor International
3854:
3748:
3579:—
3434:
3368:Castiglione della Pescaia
2359:Castiglione di Garfagnana
2354:Castelnuovo di Garfagnana
1729:In the 16th century, the
1557:family. Initially, under
1156:, Etruscan bronze, 400 BC
855:Castiglione della Pescaia
838:Typical landscape of the
638:Medici Villas and Gardens
579:Castiglione della Pescaia
555:Castiglione della Pescaia
240:
118:
88:
79:
6305:Istrian–Dalmatian exodus
6300:Institutional referendum
4674:. EH.Net. Archived from
4611:Kohn, George C. (2008).
3848:Administrative divisions
3057:is made up of Moraiolo,
2889:Folgóre da San Gimignano
1080:Proto-Villanovan culture
1017:Proto-Villanovan culture
618:Cathedral square of Pisa
190: • Legislature
52:
36:Tuscany (disambiguation)
6828:Emigration and diaspora
6037:Guelphs and Ghibellines
6022:the Sardinian Judicates
5036:2 February 2009 at the
4689:Snell, Melissa (2006).
4571:D Farney, Gary (2017).
4479:(in Italian). Carocci.
3790:Government and politics
2919:poetry appeared there.
1802:Italian Social Republic
1620:under Spanish control.
1522:Hanging and burning of
1340:Guelphs and Ghibellines
1282:arrived and designated
286:€114.615 billion (2021)
229:160/km (420/sq mi)
6710:Science and technology
6658:Italian regions by GDP
6459:Marine protected areas
6131:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
5313:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
5277:
3528:
3427:
3281:
3152:gross domestic product
3116:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
3042:
2974:Francesco da Barberino
2861:
2833:is well known for the
2759:
2714:Francesco Guicciardini
2055:
1924:
1739:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
1726:
1706:
1704:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
1694:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
1607:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
1575:Florentine Renaissance
1535:
1515:
1441:
1316:
1157:
1040:parallels that of the
1033:
872:Tuscan landscape near
740:
528:Brunello di Montalcino
499:Francesco Guicciardini
438:
257:
248:
175: • President
54:
34:. For other uses, see
7238:Wine regions of Italy
7199:43.77139°N 11.25417°E
6909:Public administration
6017:the Holy Roman Empire
5503:Friuli-Venezia Giulia
5276:
4691:"The Great Mortality"
4411:Rome: Power and Glory
4409:) documentary series
4223:hdi.globaldatalab.org
3553:Historical population
3502:
3478:Maremma Regional Park
3418:), Terre di Pisa and
3275:
3040:
3003:In the 15th century,
2959:. One of these is by
2940:make up the bible of
2856:
2755:
2198:Castiglion Fiorentino
2179:Main artistic centres
2046:
1917:
1788:(from Florence), and
1786:Dino Perrone Compagni
1712:
1701:
1599:Alessandro de' Medici
1571:Piero the Unfortunate
1528:Piazza della Signoria
1521:
1505:
1492:Further information:
1397:) of France in 1533.
1322:travelling along the
1311:
1149:
1142:Etruscan civilization
1118:Etruscan civilization
1074:civilizations in the
1029:Cinerary urns of the
1028:
853:Sunflower field near
786:, among which is the
667:
524:Morellino di Scansano
309: • Summer (
7137:World Heritage Sites
6592:Council of Ministers
6330:Coronavirus pandemic
5728:Currency and coinage
5348:Elections in Tuscany
5303:Republic of Florence
5090:Jones, Emma (2005).
4781:Renaissance Artists
4648:Boydell & Brewer
4442:Neri, Diana (2012).
4285:Macmillan Publishers
3966:Province of Grosseto
3802:President of Tuscany
2680:Apart from standard
2249:Province of Grosseto
2225:province of Florence
2047:A painting from the
1538:Tuscany, especially
1391:Catherine de' Medici
1313:Battle of Montaperti
1274:) under the Emperor
1268:Eastern Roman Empire
1053:second millennium BC
610:World Heritage Sites
270: • Italian
226: • Density
7195: /
6668:Automotive industry
6607:Metropolitan cities
6153:Early Modern period
6126:Kingdom of Sardinia
6077:Italian city-states
5318:Monarchs of Tuscany
4790:on 24 November 2010
4763:. Annenberg Learner
4619:Infobase Publishing
4182:on 22 February 2021
4116:People from Tuscany
4046:Province of Pistoia
3982:Province of Livorno
3828:(PD), forming with
3796:Politics of Tuscany
3554:
3491:Fashion in Florence
3140:Kingdom of Sardinia
2902:Michel de Montaigne
2772:Florentine Camerata
2710:Niccolò Machiavelli
2489:Colle di Val d'Elsa
2439:province of Pistoia
2300:Campiglia Marittima
2293:province of Livorno
2139:Ambrogio Lorenzetti
2031:Florentine painting
1824:Cosimo I de' Medici
1661:Niccolò Machiavelli
1579:Girolamo Savonarola
1524:Girolamo Savonarola
1498:Italian Renaissance
987:Hilly landscape in
954:Fallow deer in the
495:Niccolò Machiavelli
475:Italian Renaissance
447:[tosˈkaːna]
7243:Villanovan culture
7204:43.77139; 11.25417
6730:Telecommunications
6097:Maritime republics
5640:Autonomous regions
5325:Kingdom of Etruria
5278:
4741:on 29 January 2010
4111:Tuscan Archipelago
3934:Province of Arezzo
3806:head of government
3529:
3505:Via de' Tornabuoni
3288:mines, the famous
3282:
3089:is also produced.
3043:
2862:
2760:
2728:and some parts of
2706:Giovanni Boccaccio
2694:Florentine dialect
2186:province of Arezzo
2155:Matteo di Giovanni
2056:
2007:Florence Cathedral
1994:The Birth of Venus
1925:
1877:in Florence (1944)
1727:
1707:
1647:Lorenzo de' Medici
1536:
1516:
1387:Lorenzo de' Medici
1317:
1158:
1103:Villanovan culture
1034:
1031:Villanovan culture
1021:Villanovan culture
1002:History of Tuscany
956:Padule di Bolgheri
896:Lake Massaciuccoli
882:Apennine Mountains
788:Tuscan Archipelago
773:Province of Arezzo
767:(municipality) of
747:to the northwest,
741:
541:for travellers in
491:Giovanni Boccaccio
283: • Total
218: • Total
205: • Total
7178:
7177:
7145:
7144:
6780:
6779:
6715:Southern question
6635:
6634:
6567:Political parties
6515:Foreign relations
6487:
6486:
6340:
6339:
6061:Kingdom of Naples
6049:Kingdom of Sicily
5646:
5645:
5633:
5632:
5554:
5553:
5406:
5405:
5308:Duchy of Florence
4678:on 13 March 2010.
4628:978-0-8160-6935-4
4407:Discovery Network
4331:. 8 October 2015.
4092:
4091:
4078:Province of Siena
4062:Province of Prato
3998:Province of Lucca
3928:(inhabitants/km)
3842:Red Quadrilateral
3812:is vested in the
3810:Legislative power
3757:
3756:
3364:Montecatini Terme
3276:Vineyards in the
3265:
3264:
3216:unemployment rate
3158:Unemployment rate
3081:. The indigenous
2990:Documenti d'amore
2957:allegorical poems
2898:François Rabelais
2748:Music of Florence
2482:province of Siena
2458:province of Prato
2388:Massa and Carrara
2342:province of Lucca
2147:Taddeo di Bartolo
2080:Giotto di Bondone
2060:Florentine School
2053:Pietro Lorenzetti
1978:Leonardo da Vinci
1759:Napoleonic period
1735:Republic of Siena
1633:Leonardo da Vinci
1352:medieval communes
1348:Holy Roman Empire
1153:Chimera of Arezzo
759:to the east, and
654:most visited city
642:Montecatini Terme
385:
384:
165: • Body
157:President–council
153: • Type
16:(Redirected from
7250:
7233:Regions of Italy
7210:
7209:
7207:
7206:
7205:
7200:
7196:
7193:
7192:
7191:
7188:
7168:
7167:
7160:Italy portal
7157:
7156:
7097:National symbols
6791:
6646:
6498:
6351:
6231:Kingdom of Italy
6158:Napoleonic Italy
5697:
5673:
5666:
5659:
5650:
5565:
5486:
5440:Regions of Italy
5433:
5426:
5419:
5410:
5330:United Provinces
5298:March of Tuscany
5264:List of communes
5189:
5188:
5177:
5170:
5163:
5154:
5130:
5129:
5115:
5086:
5040:
5029:
5023:
5022:
5020:
5018:
5007:
5001:
5000:
4998:
4996:
4985:
4979:
4978:
4976:
4974:
4963:
4957:
4956:
4954:
4952:
4936:
4930:
4929:
4927:
4925:
4910:
4904:
4903:
4901:
4899:
4884:
4878:
4877:
4866:
4860:
4857:
4851:
4844:
4838:
4837:
4835:
4833:
4806:
4800:
4799:
4797:
4795:
4786:. Archived from
4779:
4773:
4772:
4770:
4768:
4757:
4751:
4750:
4748:
4746:
4730:
4724:
4713:
4707:
4706:
4704:
4702:
4697:on 10 March 2009
4686:
4680:
4679:
4668:
4662:
4661:
4639:
4633:
4632:
4608:
4602:
4596:
4587:
4586:
4568:
4562:
4556:
4547:
4541:
4518:
4517:
4497:
4491:
4490:
4470:
4464:
4463:
4439:
4433:
4427:
4414:
4403:Military Channel
4400:
4394:
4392:
4390:
4388:
4379:. Archived from
4373:
4358:
4357:
4355:
4353:
4339:
4333:
4332:
4325:
4316:
4315:
4313:
4311:
4296:
4290:
4289:
4275:
4269:
4268:
4266:
4264:
4253:
4247:
4240:
4234:
4233:
4231:
4229:
4215:
4209:
4208:
4206:www.ec.europa.eu
4198:
4192:
4191:
4189:
4187:
4178:. Archived from
4172:
4166:
4165:
4163:
4161:
4152:. Archived from
4142:
4030:Province of Pisa
3914:
3859:
3826:Democratic Party
3568:
3563:
3555:
3531:The fashion and
3474:
3460:
3450:Monte Argentario
3446:
3436:
3432:
3404:Monte Argentario
3165:
3079:Florentine steak
2921:Guido Guinizelli
2894:Cecco Angiolieri
2819:Alfredo Catalani
2799:musical notation
2742:Music of Tuscany
2722:Kingdom of Italy
2690:dialetto toscano
2659:
2645:
2631:
2617:
2601:
2587:
2573:
2559:
2545:
2531:
2410:province of Pisa
1875:Italian partisan
1870:
1849:
1835:
1820:
1809:Italian Republic
1784:leaders such as
1778:Benito Mussolini
1771:Kingdom of Italy
1751:Duke of Lorraine
1723:Italian Fascists
1681:Amerigo Vespucci
1677:
1657:
1643:
1629:
1591:Pope Clement VII
1477:, author of the
1471:
1460:Battle of Giglio
1456:
1446:
1432:
1418:
1304:March of Tuscany
1272:Byzantine Empire
1115:
1111:
1108:
1095:Urnfield culture
1092:
1088:
1085:
1065:
1061:
1058:
1049:Apennine culture
1013:Apennine culture
984:
966:
951:
941:Monte Argentario
937:
922:
906:
892:
869:
850:
835:
771:, in the Tuscan
736:
734:
728:
722:
716:
710:
704:
694:
688:
686:
680:
678:
479:Italian language
449:
444:
429:
424:
423:
420:
419:
416:
413:
410:
407:
404:
401:
398:
381:
378:
376:
374:
349:
314:
242:
194:Regional Council
169:Regional Cabinet
123:
108:
96:
65:
57:
46:
32:Duchy of Tuscany
21:
7258:
7257:
7253:
7252:
7251:
7249:
7248:
7247:
7213:
7212:
7203:
7201:
7197:
7194:
7189:
7186:
7184:
7182:
7181:
7179:
7174:
7154:
7141:
7112:Public holidays
6943:
6889:Life expectancy
6776:
6631:
6547:Law enforcement
6483:
6336:
6283:
6272:Social Republic
6236:Colonial Empire
6219:Capture of Rome
6172:
6065:
5974:
5867:Ancient peoples
5855:
5792:
5753:Historic states
5711:
5686:
5677:
5647:
5642:
5629:
5606:
5550:
5517:
5475:
5442:
5437:
5407:
5402:
5393:
5357:
5334:
5279:
5268:
5235:
5204:
5202:
5200:
5193:
5183:
5181:
5127:
5123:
5118:
5112:
5089:
5083:
5053:
5049:
5044:
5043:
5038:Wayback Machine
5030:
5026:
5016:
5014:
5009:
5008:
5004:
4994:
4992:
4987:
4986:
4982:
4972:
4970:
4965:
4964:
4960:
4950:
4948:
4938:
4937:
4933:
4923:
4921:
4912:
4911:
4907:
4897:
4895:
4886:
4885:
4881:
4868:
4867:
4863:
4859:Piras, 221-239.
4858:
4854:
4845:
4841:
4831:
4829:
4827:
4808:
4807:
4803:
4793:
4791:
4782:
4780:
4776:
4766:
4764:
4759:
4758:
4754:
4744:
4742:
4732:
4731:
4727:
4714:
4710:
4700:
4698:
4688:
4687:
4683:
4670:
4669:
4665:
4658:
4650:. p. 303.
4641:
4640:
4636:
4629:
4621:. p. 126.
4610:
4609:
4605:
4597:
4590:
4583:
4570:
4569:
4565:
4557:
4550:
4542:
4521:
4514:
4499:
4498:
4494:
4487:
4472:
4471:
4467:
4456:
4441:
4440:
4436:
4428:
4417:
4401:
4397:
4386:
4384:
4383:on 21 July 2011
4375:
4374:
4361:
4351:
4349:
4341:
4340:
4336:
4327:
4326:
4319:
4309:
4307:
4298:
4297:
4293:
4277:
4276:
4272:
4262:
4260:
4255:
4254:
4250:
4241:
4237:
4227:
4225:
4217:
4216:
4212:
4200:
4199:
4195:
4185:
4183:
4174:
4173:
4169:
4159:
4157:
4156:on 18 July 2020
4144:
4143:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4097:
3927:
3912:
3911:
3908:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3850:
3818:executive power
3798:
3792:
3550:
3497:
3487:
3480:
3475:
3466:
3461:
3452:
3447:
3351:
3310:
3270:
3218:
3160:
3148:
3112:
3106:
3035:
3029:
3023:
2961:Brunetto Latini
2942:Dolce Stil Novo
2873:Dante da Maiano
2866:Dante Alighieri
2851:
2823:Pietro Mascagni
2815:Giacomo Puccini
2776:Greek mythology
2768:Pietro Mascagni
2764:Giacomo Puccini
2757:Giacomo Puccini
2750:
2744:
2738:
2698:Dante Alighieri
2678:
2672:
2665:
2660:
2651:
2646:
2637:
2632:
2623:
2618:
2607:
2602:
2593:
2588:
2579:
2574:
2565:
2560:
2551:
2546:
2537:
2532:
2523:
2470:Poggio a Caiano
2261:Massa Marittima
2181:
2068:Lucchese School
2041:
2039:Lucchese School
2029:Main articles:
2027:
2011:Siena Cathedral
1919:Michelangelo's
1912:
1891:
1885:
1878:
1871:
1862:
1850:
1841:
1839:Galileo Galilei
1836:
1827:
1821:
1737:, creating the
1696:
1690:
1683:
1678:
1669:
1658:
1649:
1644:
1635:
1630:
1563:Piero the Gouty
1500:
1494:The Renaissance
1490:
1483:
1475:Dante Alighieri
1472:
1463:
1457:
1448:
1433:
1424:
1422:Guido of Arezzo
1419:
1405:ravaged by the
1336:medieval period
1306:
1300:Duchy of Tuscia
1296:
1294:Medieval period
1213:
1144:
1138:
1130:Orientalization
1113:
1109:
1090:
1086:
1063:
1059:
1023:
1011:Main articles:
1009:
1004:
998:
991:
985:
976:
967:
958:
952:
943:
938:
929:
923:
914:
907:
898:
893:
884:
870:
861:
851:
842:
836:
739:
732:
731:
726:
720:
719:
714:
708:
707:
702:
698:
692:
691:
684:
683:
676:
675:
662:
650:nature reserves
483:Dante Alighieri
442:
427:
395:
391:
371:
347:
346:
308:
252:
243:
158:
114:
113:
112:
111:
102:
101:
84:
75:
66:
59:
51:
44:
43:Region in Italy
39:
28:
27:Region of Italy
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7256:
7254:
7246:
7245:
7240:
7235:
7230:
7225:
7215:
7214:
7176:
7175:
7173:
7172:
7162:
7150:
7147:
7146:
7143:
7142:
7140:
7139:
7134:
7129:
7124:
7119:
7114:
7109:
7104:
7099:
7094:
7089:
7084:
7079:
7074:
7069:
7064:
7059:
7054:
7049:
7044:
7039:
7034:
7029:
7024:
7019:
7014:
7009:
7004:
6999:
6994:
6989:
6984:
6979:
6974:
6969:
6964:
6959:
6953:
6951:
6945:
6944:
6942:
6941:
6936:
6931:
6926:
6921:
6916:
6911:
6906:
6901:
6896:
6891:
6886:
6885:
6884:
6883:
6882:
6867:
6866:
6865:
6855:
6850:
6845:
6840:
6835:
6830:
6825:
6820:
6815:
6810:
6805:
6800:
6794:
6788:
6782:
6781:
6778:
6777:
6775:
6774:
6769:
6764:
6763:
6762:
6757:
6752:
6742:
6737:
6732:
6727:
6722:
6720:Stock exchange
6717:
6712:
6707:
6702:
6697:
6692:
6687:
6686:
6685:
6680:
6670:
6665:
6660:
6655:
6649:
6643:
6637:
6636:
6633:
6632:
6630:
6629:
6624:
6622:Municipalities
6619:
6614:
6609:
6604:
6599:
6594:
6589:
6582:Prime Minister
6579:
6569:
6564:
6559:
6554:
6549:
6544:
6539:
6534:
6533:
6532:
6522:
6517:
6512:
6507:
6501:
6495:
6489:
6488:
6485:
6484:
6482:
6481:
6476:
6471:
6469:Regional parks
6466:
6464:National parks
6461:
6456:
6451:
6446:
6441:
6436:
6431:
6426:
6425:
6424:
6414:
6413:
6412:
6407:
6402:
6392:
6387:
6382:
6377:
6376:
6375:
6373:Climate change
6365:
6360:
6354:
6348:
6342:
6341:
6338:
6337:
6335:
6334:
6333:
6332:
6327:
6322:
6317:
6312:
6307:
6302:
6291:
6289:
6285:
6284:
6282:
6281:
6280:
6279:
6274:
6265:
6260:
6255:
6250:
6249:
6248:
6238:
6233:
6223:
6222:
6221:
6216:
6211:
6206:
6201:
6196:
6191:
6180:
6178:
6174:
6173:
6171:
6170:
6165:
6160:
6155:
6150:
6149:
6148:
6138:
6136:Duchy of Savoy
6133:
6128:
6123:
6122:
6121:
6120:
6119:
6114:
6109:
6104:
6094:
6089:
6084:
6073:
6071:
6067:
6066:
6064:
6063:
6058:
6057:
6056:
6046:
6044:Lombard League
6041:
6040:
6039:
6034:
6029:
6024:
6019:
6014:
6009:
6004:
5999:
5994:
5982:
5980:
5976:
5975:
5973:
5972:
5971:
5970:
5969:
5968:
5966:Western Empire
5958:
5953:
5951:Roman conquest
5948:
5943:
5933:
5932:
5931:
5926:
5921:
5916:
5911:
5906:
5905:
5904:
5899:
5894:
5889:
5884:
5879:
5872:Italic peoples
5863:
5861:
5857:
5856:
5854:
5853:
5852:
5851:
5846:
5841:
5836:
5831:
5826:
5821:
5816:
5811:
5800:
5798:
5794:
5793:
5791:
5790:
5785:
5780:
5775:
5770:
5765:
5760:
5755:
5750:
5745:
5740:
5735:
5730:
5725:
5719:
5717:
5713:
5712:
5710:
5709:
5703:
5701:
5694:
5688:
5687:
5678:
5676:
5675:
5668:
5661:
5653:
5644:
5643:
5638:
5635:
5634:
5631:
5630:
5628:
5627:
5622:
5616:
5614:
5608:
5607:
5605:
5604:
5599:
5594:
5589:
5584:
5579:
5573:
5571:
5562:
5560:Southern Italy
5556:
5555:
5552:
5551:
5549:
5548:
5543:
5538:
5533:
5527:
5525:
5519:
5518:
5516:
5515:
5510:
5505:
5500:
5498:Emilia-Romagna
5494:
5492:
5483:
5481:Northern Italy
5477:
5476:
5474:
5473:
5468:
5463:
5458:
5452:
5450:
5444:
5443:
5438:
5436:
5435:
5428:
5421:
5413:
5404:
5403:
5398:
5395:
5394:
5392:
5391:
5386:
5381:
5376:
5371:
5365:
5363:
5359:
5358:
5356:
5355:
5350:
5344:
5342:
5336:
5335:
5333:
5332:
5327:
5322:
5321:
5320:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5295:
5289:
5287:
5281:
5280:
5271:
5269:
5267:
5266:
5261:
5256:
5251:
5246:
5241:
5236:
5230:
5225:
5220:
5215:
5209:
5207:
5195:
5194:
5182:
5180:
5179:
5172:
5165:
5157:
5151:
5150:
5145:
5139:
5122:
5121:External links
5119:
5117:
5116:
5110:
5087:
5081:
5059:Rasmussen, Tom
5055:Barker, Graeme
5050:
5048:
5045:
5042:
5041:
5024:
5002:
4980:
4958:
4945:Tuscany region
4931:
4905:
4879:
4861:
4852:
4839:
4825:
4801:
4774:
4752:
4725:
4708:
4681:
4663:
4656:
4634:
4627:
4603:
4588:
4582:978-1614515203
4581:
4563:
4548:
4519:
4512:
4506:. OUP Oxford.
4492:
4485:
4465:
4454:
4434:
4415:
4395:
4359:
4334:
4317:
4304:www.rainews.it
4291:
4270:
4248:
4235:
4210:
4193:
4167:
4136:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4124:
4123:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4096:
4093:
4090:
4089:
4086:
4083:
4080:
4074:
4073:
4070:
4067:
4064:
4058:
4057:
4054:
4051:
4048:
4042:
4041:
4038:
4035:
4032:
4026:
4025:
4022:
4019:
4016:
4010:
4009:
4006:
4003:
4000:
3994:
3993:
3990:
3987:
3984:
3978:
3977:
3974:
3971:
3968:
3962:
3961:
3958:
3955:
3952:
3946:
3945:
3942:
3939:
3936:
3930:
3929:
3924:
3921:
3918:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3875:
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3830:Emilia-Romagna
3794:Main article:
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3159:
3156:
3147:
3144:
3108:Main article:
3105:
3104:Postage stamps
3102:
3047:Tuscan cuisine
3027:Tuscan cuisine
3025:Main article:
3022:
3019:
3009:Aldus Manutius
3007:and publisher
2850:
2847:
2817:together with
2795:Guido d'Arezzo
2740:Main article:
2737:
2734:
2730:Emilia Romagna
2718:Italian states
2686:Tuscan dialect
2676:Tuscan dialect
2674:Main article:
2671:
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2374:Villa Basilica
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2205:
2200:
2195:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2176:
2175:
2167:
2131:Simone Martini
2115:
2064:Sienese School
2049:Sienese School
2035:Sienese School
2026:
2023:
2015:Pisa Cathedral
1911:
1908:
1884:
1881:
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1872:
1865:
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1851:
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1794:Galeazzo Ciano
1689:
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1583:Piero Soderini
1489:
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1473:
1466:
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1434:
1427:
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1420:
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1324:Via Francigena
1295:
1292:
1262:and Western -
1248:Eastern Europe
1236:Roman Republic
1212:
1209:
1140:Main article:
1137:
1134:
1008:
1005:
1000:Main article:
997:
994:
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986:
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968:
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917:
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909:A view of the
908:
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837:
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784:Tyrrhenian Sea
751:to the north,
749:Emilia-Romagna
738:
737:
729:
724:
717:
712:
705:
700:
696:
689:
681:
672:
661:
658:
595:Chianti region
583:Maremma region
577:. The town of
539:Italian region
383:
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6331:
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6318:
6316:
6315:Years of Lead
6313:
6311:
6310:Economic Boom
6308:
6306:
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6301:
6298:
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6286:
6278:
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6253:Fascist Italy
6251:
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6207:
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6199:Niçard exodus
6197:
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5919:Magna Graecia
5917:
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5239:Massa-Carrara
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5137:OpenStreetMap
5134:
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5120:
5113:
5111:1-58843-399-4
5107:
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5095:
5094:
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5082:0-631-22038-0
5078:
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5064:The Etruscans
5060:
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4259:. Treccani.it
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4150:demo.istat.it
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3413:
3409:
3408:Giglio Island
3405:
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3141:
3137:
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3125:
3124:classic stamp
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3111:
3103:
3101:
3099:
3095:
3090:
3088:
3084:
3080:
3076:
3072:
3071:Chiana Valley
3068:
3064:
3060:
3056:
3052:
3048:
3039:
3034:
3028:
3020:
3018:
3016:
3015:
3014:Divine Comedy
3010:
3006:
3001:
2999:
2995:
2991:
2987:
2983:
2979:
2975:
2971:
2970:Divine Comedy
2966:
2962:
2958:
2953:
2951:
2947:
2943:
2939:
2938:
2934:Guinizelli's
2932:
2930:
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2917:philosophical
2914:
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2644:
2639:
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2630:
2625:
2622:
2621:San Gimignano
2616:
2611:
2606:
2600:
2595:
2592:
2586:
2581:
2578:
2572:
2567:
2564:
2558:
2553:
2550:
2549:Montefioralle
2544:
2539:
2536:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2519:Monteriggioni
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2509:San Gimignano
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2499:Montepulciano
2497:
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2487:
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2259:
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2250:
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2209:
2206:
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2187:
2178:
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2168:
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2128:
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2109:
2105:
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2071:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2054:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2024:
2022:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1999:Palazzo Pitti
1996:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1974:Paolo Uccello
1971:
1967:
1963:
1962:Filippo Lippi
1959:
1958:Della Robbias
1955:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1938:Andrea Pisano
1935:
1931:
1923:
1922:
1916:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1904:San Gimignano
1901:
1897:
1890:
1882:
1876:
1869:
1864:
1860:
1859:Carlo Collodi
1857:, created by
1856:
1855:
1848:
1843:
1840:
1834:
1829:
1825:
1819:
1814:
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1810:
1805:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1774:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1763:French Empire
1760:
1756:
1755:Maria Theresa
1752:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1711:
1705:
1700:
1695:
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1676:
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1662:
1656:
1651:
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1642:
1637:
1634:
1628:
1623:
1621:
1619:
1618:
1615:State of the
1612:
1608:
1602:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1568:
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1525:
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1514:
1510:
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1504:
1499:
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1487:
1482:
1481:
1480:Divine Comedy
1476:
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1461:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1444:
1438:
1431:
1426:
1423:
1417:
1412:
1410:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1396:
1395:King Henry II
1392:
1388:
1384:
1383:Medici family
1379:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
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1006:
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990:
983:
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975:
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945:
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921:
916:
912:
905:
900:
897:
891:
886:
883:
879:
875:
868:
863:
860:
856:
849:
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841:
834:
829:
827:
825:
819:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
776:
774:
770:
769:Badia Tedalda
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
730:
718:
706:
690:
682:
674:
673:
670:
666:
659:
657:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
623:
622:San Gimignano
619:
615:
611:
606:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
563:San Gimignano
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
535:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
508:Palazzo Pitti
505:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
467:
465:
461:
457:
456:central Italy
453:
448:
440:
436:
432:
431:
422:
389:
380:
370:
362:
360:
353:
344:
341:
333:
331:
330:ISO 3166 code
323:
319:
316:
312:
302:
298:
295:
293:
285:
272:
259:
255:
250:
246:
238:
236:
228:
220:
207:
195:
192:
184:
180:
179:Eugenio Giani
177:
170:
167:
160:
155:
143:
140:
133:
130:
122:
107:
100:
95:
83:
78:
73:
69:
63:
56:
47:
41:
37:
33:
19:
7180:
6997:Architecture
6967:Quattrocento
6924:Social class
6904:Prostitution
6818:Demographics
6740:Trade unions
6683:Central Bank
6525:Human rights
6505:Constitution
6288:Contemporary
6258:World War II
6146:Italian Wars
6070:Early modern
6012:Papal States
5990:Italy under
5936:Ancient Rome
5531:Aosta Valley
5465:
5201:metropolitan
5190:
5144:(in Italian)
5092:
5063:
5027:
5015:. Retrieved
5013:(in Italian)
5005:
4993:. Retrieved
4983:
4971:. Retrieved
4961:
4949:. Retrieved
4947:(in Italian)
4944:
4934:
4924:19 September
4922:. Retrieved
4920:(in Italian)
4917:
4908:
4898:19 September
4896:. Retrieved
4892:ec.europa.eu
4891:
4882:
4873:
4864:
4855:
4842:
4830:. Retrieved
4811:
4804:
4794:28 September
4792:. Retrieved
4788:the original
4777:
4765:. Retrieved
4755:
4743:. Retrieved
4739:the original
4728:
4716:
4711:
4699:. Retrieved
4695:the original
4684:
4676:the original
4666:
4643:
4637:
4613:
4606:
4572:
4566:
4561:, p. 1.
4502:
4495:
4475:
4468:
4459:
4444:
4437:
4432:, p. 5.
4410:
4398:
4385:. Retrieved
4381:the original
4350:. Retrieved
4346:
4337:
4308:. Retrieved
4303:
4294:
4283:
4273:
4261:. Retrieved
4251:
4243:
4238:
4226:. Retrieved
4222:
4213:
4205:
4196:
4184:. Retrieved
4180:the original
4170:
4158:. Retrieved
4154:the original
4149:
4140:
3851:
3823:
3799:
3766:
3762:
3758:
3548:Demographics
3542:
3530:
3424:
3372:San Vincenzo
3352:
3311:
3289:
3283:
3219:(in %)
3215:
3161:
3149:
3113:
3098:Chiantishire
3091:
3083:Cinta Senese
3044:
3012:
3002:
2998:Intelligenza
2997:
2993:
2989:
2969:
2964:
2954:
2950:lyric poetry
2935:
2933:
2929:courtly love
2906:
2870:
2863:
2825:was born in
2788:
2761:
2689:
2679:
2479:
2455:
2436:
2407:
2378:
2339:
2325:San Vincenzo
2290:
2246:
2222:
2183:
2096:Fra Angelico
2092:Michelangelo
2084:Brunelleschi
2076:naturalistic
2057:
1992:
1986:
1982:Michelangelo
1942:Brunelleschi
1926:
1920:
1892:
1852:
1806:
1775:
1765:. After the
1743:Gian Gastone
1728:
1719:Nazi Germans
1664:
1663:, author of
1616:
1603:
1552:
1537:
1506:
1478:
1435:A page from
1399:
1385:. Its scion
1380:
1354:in Tuscany:
1318:
1252:Central Asia
1240:Roman Empire
1233:
1214:
1206:
1170:civilization
1165:
1159:
1151:
1132:" occurred.
1035:
876:between the
824:ancient Rome
820:
780:Ligurian Sea
777:
742:
671:of Tuscany
640:(2013), and
636:(2004), the
632:(1996); the
616:(1982); the
607:
536:
514:, including
471:high culture
468:
463:
387:
386:
110:Coat of arms
67:
40:
7202: /
7062:Italophilia
7022:Coat of arm
6972:Cinquecento
6848:Immigration
6798:Aristocracy
6663:Agriculture
6557:Nationality
6530:LGBT rights
6444:Earthquakes
6325:Mani pulite
6241:World War I
6184:Unification
6177:Late modern
6141:Renaissance
5986:Middle Ages
5979:Middle Ages
5956:Roman Italy
5723:Citizenship
4719:. Madison:
4601:, p. 3
4546:, p. 2
4352:17 December
4310:15 December
4242:Burke, P.,
3923:Population
3268:Agriculture
3067:San Miniato
3033:Tuscan wine
2720:and of the
2422:San Miniato
2369:Pietrasanta
2218:Sansepolcro
2025:Art schools
1702:Map of the
1544:Renaissance
1488:Renaissance
1443:Liber Abaci
1402:Black Death
1376:Renaissance
1258:(Eastern -
1178:agriculture
1126:City-states
1087: 1100
1064: 1150
1060: 1400
989:Val d'Orcia
913:countryside
840:Val d'Orcia
796:agriculture
644:as part of
634:Val d'Orcia
603:Val d'Orcia
359:NUTS Region
265:Citizenship
7217:Categories
7190:11°15′15″E
7187:43°46′17″N
7132:Traditions
7122:Television
7107:Philosophy
7072:Literature
7012:Cathedrals
6982:Settecento
6843:Healthcare
6808:Corruption
6803:Censorship
6562:Parliament
6520:Government
6320:Maxi Trial
6268:Resistance
5997:Ostrogoths
5929:Messapians
5814:Villanovan
5804:Prehistory
5797:Prehistory
5587:Basilicata
5400:Categories
5205:and places
5199:Provinces,
5098:Edison, NJ
5069:Malden, MA
4894:. Eurostat
4767:28 January
4599:Jones 2005
4544:Jones 2005
4263:28 October
4127:References
3920:Area (km)
3489:See also:
3433:(English:
3396:Capoliveri
3298:Larderello
3031:See also:
2946:Cavalcanti
2849:Literature
2746:See also:
2504:Montalcino
2465:Carmignano
2432:Vicopisano
2393:Pontremoli
2271:Pitigliano
2123:Gothic art
2100:Botticelli
2001:, and the
1970:Botticelli
1887:See also:
1692:See also:
1688:Modern era
1666:The Prince
1597:appointed
1587:Pope Leo X
1513:Botticelli
1511:(1482) by
1298:See also:
1260:Ostrogoths
1244:barbarians
1238:and later
1114: 700
1112: – c.
1110: 900
1091: 900
1089: – c.
1076:Aegean Sea
1062: – c.
970:Arno river
878:Apuan Alps
530:and white
235:Demonym(s)
213:Population
159:government
148:Government
7092:Mythology
7067:Libraries
6987:Ottocento
6929:Terrorism
6870:Languages
6823:Education
6745:Transport
6695:Companies
6602:Provinces
6572:President
6537:Judiciary
6510:Elections
6422:Volcanoes
6417:Volcanism
6410:Apennines
6395:Mountains
6363:Peninsula
6346:Geography
6277:Civil War
6002:Byzantium
5909:Etruscans
5844:Canegrate
5839:Golasecca
5824:Rinaldone
5819:Terramare
5809:Neolithic
5523:Northwest
5490:Northeast
5073:Blackwell
4967:"Toscana"
4160:9 October
4132:Citations
3917:Province
3907:Massa and
3741:3,663,191
3730:3,672,202
3719:3,497,806
3708:3,529,946
3697:3,581,051
3686:3,473,097
3675:3,286,160
3664:3,158,811
3653:2,978,000
3642:2,914,000
3631:2,810,000
3620:2,670,000
3609:2,503,000
3598:2,187,000
3587:2,124,000
3576:1,920,000
3513:Ferragamo
3392:Viareggio
3376:Orbetello
3323:Pontedera
3085:breed of
3077:used for
3055:Olive oil
2965:Tesoretto
2909:Provençal
2403:Fosdinovo
2398:Fivizzano
2330:Populonia
2266:Orbetello
2208:Lucignano
2163:Il Sodoma
2159:Beccafumi
2088:Donatello
1946:Donatello
1854:Pinocchio
1595:Charles V
1508:Primavera
1437:Fibonacci
1276:Justinian
1264:Visigoths
1174:transport
1162:Etruscans
1136:Etruscans
1122:chiefdoms
1072:Mycenaean
974:Casentino
925:Balze di
800:Apennines
660:Geography
352:6th of 21
348:very high
292:Time zone
239:English:
221:3,722,729
7170:Category
7057:Internet
7047:Folklore
6977:Seicento
6962:Trecento
6957:Duecento
6919:Religion
6880:Regional
6858:Italians
6833:Gambling
6725:Taxation
6552:Military
6493:Politics
6295:Republic
6082:Florence
6007:Lombards
5946:Republic
5892:Samnites
5887:Picentes
5829:Apennine
5788:Railways
5768:Military
5716:By topic
5700:Overview
5684:articles
5620:Sardinia
5597:Campania
5592:Calabria
5546:Piedmont
5541:Lombardy
5369:Language
5340:Politics
5223:Grosseto
5218:Florence
5061:(2000).
5034:Archived
4973:1 August
4874:Eurostat
4745:18 April
4701:19 April
4186:10 March
4095:See also
4085:268,706
4069:246,307
4053:289,886
4037:409,251
4021:203,449
4005:389,495
3989:340,387
3973:225,142
3957:983,073
3941:345,547
3872:Grosseto
3862:Florence
3816:, while
3768:Italians
3749:Source:
3416:Capalbio
3412:Talamone
3380:Grosseto
3356:Florence
3308:Industry
3302:Versilia
3294:fumarole
3290:soffioni
3075:Chianina
3063:truffles
3005:humanist
2984:, and a
2925:chivalry
2879:and the
2877:cloister
2859:Petrarch
2843:Grosseto
2821:, while
2803:do-re-mi
2801:and the
2784:symphony
2702:Petrarch
2670:Language
2577:Florence
2427:Volterra
2335:Suvereto
2320:Piombino
2315:Bolgheri
2256:Grosseto
2242:Certaldo
2232:Florence
2172:Volterra
2151:Sassetta
2143:Domenico
2112:Masaccio
2108:Masolino
2017:and the
2003:Bargello
1966:Angelico
1956:and the
1954:Ghiberti
1950:Masaccio
1896:Florence
1790:Costanzo
1611:Piombino
1540:Florence
1532:Florence
1360:Florence
1326:between
1320:Pilgrims
1280:Lombards
1229:Florence
1164:(Latin:
1099:Iron Age
927:Volterra
880:and the
808:Florence
782:and the
599:Versilia
571:Grosseto
551:Florence
545:, after
506:and the
487:Petrarch
460:Florence
443:Italian:
377:.toscana
375:.regione
142:Florence
7223:Tuscany
7127:Theatre
7102:Palaces
7082:Museums
7052:Gardens
7037:Fashion
7027:Cuisine
7007:Castles
6949:Culture
6899:Poverty
6875:Italian
6786:Society
6767:Welfare
6735:Tourism
6705:Exports
6673:Banking
6653:Economy
6641:Economy
6597:Regions
6479:Valleys
6449:Islands
6429:Beaches
6400:Prealps
6380:Geology
6368:Climate
6032:Normans
5992:Odoacer
5941:Kingdom
5924:Ligures
5860:Ancient
5834:Nuragic
5783:Postage
5758:Judaism
5748:Genetic
5738:Fashion
5733:Economy
5692:History
5612:Insular
5577:Abruzzo
5536:Liguria
5466:Tuscany
5448:Central
5362:Culture
5293:Etruria
5285:History
5249:Pistoia
5228:Livorno
5203:cities
5191:Tuscany
5133:Tuscany
5047:Sources
4995:28 July
4951:20 July
4387:9 March
4246:(1998).
4228:5 March
3926:Density
3909:Carrara
3897:Pistoia
3882:Livorno
3804:is the
3784:Morocco
3780:Albania
3776:Romania
3533:textile
3525:Bulgari
3521:Versace
3509:Cartier
3485:Fashion
3400:Maremma
3388:Bibbona
3349:Tourism
3345:area).
3339:Carrara
3331:Livorno
3327:Cascina
3315:Pistoia
3286:lignite
3278:Chianti
3146:Economy
3094:Chianti
3059:Leccino
3051:Legumes
3021:Cuisine
2978:bishops
2937:Canzoni
2913:Bologna
2885:sarcasm
2827:Livorno
2811:Verismo
2682:Italian
2663:Cortona
2563:Fiesole
2480:In the
2456:In the
2451:Pistoia
2437:In the
2408:In the
2379:In the
2340:In the
2310:Bibbona
2305:Livorno
2291:In the
2276:Roselle
2247:In the
2237:Fiesole
2223:In the
2203:Cortona
2184:In the
1930:Cimabue
1883:Culture
1798:Livorno
1782:Fascist
1747:Francis
1731:Medicis
1725:in 1944
1617:Presidi
1567:Lorenzo
1548:Livorno
1462:(1241)
1346:or the
1270:(later
1254:of the
1202:Ligures
1186:Etruria
1051:in the
1042:archaic
996:History
911:Chianti
859:Maremma
745:Liguria
723: C
711: C
695: B
516:Chianti
464:Firenze
450:) is a
439:Toscana
435:Italian
388:Tuscany
368:Website
260:(woman)
258:Toscana
254:Italian
249:Toscano
245:Italian
138:Capital
128:Country
68:Toscana
62:Italian
55:Toscana
50:Tuscany
18:Toscana
7158:
7032:Design
7017:Cinema
6992:Anthem
6914:Racism
6863:People
6838:Health
6700:Energy
6690:Brands
6617:Comune
6612:Cities
6474:Rivers
6434:Canals
6117:Amalfi
6102:Venice
5961:Empire
5902:Veneti
5877:Latins
5849:Latial
5682:
5625:Sicily
5602:Molise
5582:Apulia
5513:Veneto
5471:Umbria
5461:Marche
5213:Arezzo
5108:
5102:Hunter
5079:
4823:
4654:
4625:
4579:
4510:
4483:
4452:
4082:3,821
4072:674.8
4056:300.4
4040:167.2
4034:2,448
4024:175.8
4018:1,157
4008:219.7
4002:1,773
3992:279.4
3986:1,218
3970:4,504
3960:279.8
3954:3,514
3944:106.9
3938:3,232
3867:Arezzo
3838:Marche
3834:Umbria
3612:+14.4%
3590:+10.6%
3280:region
3246:10.1%
3132:Modena
3128:France
2986:notary
2881:castle
2829:; and
2791:Arezzo
2780:operas
2726:Umbria
2684:, the
2649:Pienza
2535:Arezzo
2494:Pienza
2446:Pescia
2286:Sovana
2281:Sorano
2193:Arezzo
2149:; and
2135:Pietro
2127:Duccio
2110:, and
2062:, the
2037:, and
1997:, the
1989:Uffizi
1934:Giotto
1861:(1883)
1796:(from
1776:Under
1559:Cosimo
1555:Medici
1447:(1202)
1407:plague
1370:, and
1356:Arezzo
1344:Papacy
1332:France
1315:, 1260
1288:Tuscia
1227:, and
1211:Romans
1198:Romans
1194:Romans
1182:mining
1101:, the
1068:Minoan
1045:Greeks
1038:Bronze
1019:, and
814:, and
812:Empoli
765:comune
757:Umbria
753:Marche
733:
721:
709:
693:
685:
677:
630:Pienza
612:: the
593:, the
547:Veneto
504:Uffizi
452:region
430:-ə-nee
342:(2021)
241:Tuscan
82:Region
72:Tuscan
58:
7117:Sport
7087:Music
7077:Media
6939:Women
6813:Crime
6678:Banks
6454:Lakes
6439:Caves
6390:Flora
6385:Fauna
6107:Genoa
6092:Milan
6087:Siena
6027:Arabs
5914:Celts
5897:Umbri
5773:Music
5743:Flags
5680:Italy
5569:South
5456:Lazio
5374:Music
5259:Siena
5254:Prato
5233:Lucca
5017:3 May
4832:5 May
4088:81.9
3976:50.0
3902:Prato
3892:Lucca
3877:Siena
3772:China
3751:ISTAT
3744:−0.2%
3733:+5.0%
3727:2011
3722:−0.9%
3716:2001
3711:−1.4%
3705:1991
3700:+3.1%
3694:1981
3689:+5.7%
3683:1971
3678:+4.0%
3672:1961
3667:+6.1%
3661:1951
3656:+2.2%
3650:1936
3645:+3.7%
3639:1931
3634:+5.2%
3628:1921
3623:+6.7%
3617:1911
3606:1901
3601:+3.0%
3595:1881
3584:1871
3573:1861
3538:Prato
3517:Gucci
3384:Siena
3343:Lucca
3319:Prato
3296:) at
3261:6.7%
3258:7.3%
3255:8.6%
3252:9.5%
3249:9.2%
3243:8.7%
3240:7.8%
3237:6.3%
3234:6.0%
3231:5.8%
3228:5.0%
3225:4.4%
3222:4.8%
3210:2019
3207:2018
3204:2017
3201:2016
3198:2015
3195:2014
3192:2013
3189:2012
3186:2011
3183:2010
3180:2009
3177:2008
3174:2007
3171:2006
3168:Year
3136:Parma
3065:from
2982:judge
2831:Siena
2807:Lucca
2736:Music
2635:Lucca
2605:Siena
2514:Siena
2475:Prato
2364:Lucca
2349:Barga
2213:Poppi
2119:Siena
2104:Lippi
1921:David
1900:Siena
1581:then
1372:Siena
1364:Lucca
1284:Lucca
1256:Goths
1225:Siena
1217:Lucca
1190:Tiber
1166:Tusci
874:Barga
761:Lazio
626:Siena
591:Lucca
587:Siena
575:Siena
567:Lucca
543:Italy
512:wines
345:0.909
334:IT-52
318:UTC+2
297:UTC+1
251:(man)
132:Italy
7042:Flag
6772:Wine
6760:road
6755:rail
6586:List
6576:List
6405:Alps
6270:and
6112:Pisa
5882:Osci
5778:Name
5763:LGBT
5384:Flag
5379:Wine
5244:Pisa
5106:ISBN
5077:ISBN
5019:2018
4997:2023
4975:2023
4953:2022
4926:2019
4900:2019
4834:2022
4821:ISBN
4796:2010
4769:2016
4747:2010
4703:2009
4652:ISBN
4623:ISBN
4577:ISBN
4508:ISBN
4481:ISBN
4450:ISBN
4389:2011
4354:2020
4312:2020
4265:2017
4230:2023
4188:2010
4162:2020
4066:365
4050:965
3887:Pisa
3836:and
3800:The
3782:and
3753:2011
3738:2021
3562:Pop.
3558:Year
3523:and
3503:The
3493:and
3464:Elba
3420:Elba
3360:Pisa
3335:Pisa
3333:and
3150:The
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3087:pork
2992:and
2980:, a
2900:and
2841:and
2839:Pisa
2766:and
2712:and
2591:Pisa
2417:Pisa
2161:and
2153:and
2145:and
2137:and
1980:and
1964:and
1948:and
1932:and
1898:and
1792:and
1721:and
1593:and
1569:and
1496:and
1400:The
1368:Pisa
1330:and
1328:Rome
1302:and
1250:and
1221:Pisa
1180:and
1160:The
1150:The
1070:and
816:Pisa
804:Arno
792:Elba
755:and
601:and
573:and
559:Pisa
497:and
428:TUSK
363:ITI1
322:CEST
200:Area
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7002:Art
6750:air
6542:Law
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3100:".
2051:by
1910:Art
1873:An
1530:in
1526:in
1439:'s
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466:).
454:in
379:.it
373:www
340:HDI
311:DST
301:CET
278:GDP
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