1083:
256:
399:, who had been sent by King Edward to negotiate with them and thus did not bring his forces. After Harold, by then the king's right-hand man, had spoken with the rebels at Northampton, he likely realized that Tostig would not be able to retain Northumbria. When he returned to Oxford, where the royal council was to meet on 28 October, he had probably already made up his mind.
291:. In 1051, Earl Godwin's opposition to Edward's policies had brought England to the brink of civil war. Eventually, the Godwins' opposition convinced Edward to banish them in 1051. Freeman's explanation of the banishment has many critics, as it does not explain fully the relationship between the Godwins and the king.
446:
of Norway and persuaded him to invade
England. One of the sagas claims that he sailed for Norway, and greatly impressed the Norwegian king and his court, managing to sway a decidedly unenthusiastic Hardrada, who had just concluded a long and inconclusive war with Denmark, into raising a levy to take
411:
to agree to the demands of the rebels. Tostig was outlawed a short time later, possibly early in
November, because he refused to accept his deposition as commanded by Edward. This led to the fateful confrontation and enmity between the two Godwinsons. At a meeting of the king and his council, Tostig
344:
He was frequently absent from the court of King Edward in the south, and, possibly, showed a lack of leadership against the raiding Scots. Their king was a personal friend of Tostig, and Tostig's unpopularity made it difficult to raise local levies to combat them. He resorted to using a strong force
336:
survivors of the last Norse invasion. Tostig was said to have been heavy-handed with those who resisted his rule, including murdering several members of leading
Northumbrian families. In late 1063 or early 1064, Tostig had Gamal son of Orm and Ulf son of Dolfin assassinated when Gamal visited him
352:
In addition, it is likely that local biases played a part in his unpopularity. Tostig was from the south of
England, a distinctly different culture from the north, which had not had a southern earl in several lifetimes. In 1063, still immersed in the confused local politics of Northumbria, his
423:. He travelled to Normandy and attempted to form an alliance with William, who was related to his wife. Baldwin provided him with a fleet and he landed in the Isle of Wight in May 1066, where he collected money and provisions. He raided the coast as far as
521:
Tostig had two sons, probably born to an Anglo-Danish woman before his marriage to Judith; their names indicate an Anglo-Danish ancestry. They were fostered at the
Norwegian court, probably before his marriage in 1051:
485:
and carried only personal weapons. The day was very hot and they had not expected resistance. Moreover, Hardrada's 11,000-man force had been split, with many guarding the Norse ships beached miles away at
416:, who had openly declared his intention to take the English throne. It was likely that Harold had exiled his brother to ensure peace and loyalty in the north. Tostig, however, plotted vengeance.
383:
of York and the rest of
Yorkshire descended on York and occupied the city. They killed Tostig's officials and supporters, then declared Tostig outlawed for his unlawful actions and sent for
306:. They returned to England the following year with armed forces, gaining support and demanding that Edward restore Tostig's earldom. Three years later in 1055, Tostig became the
361:, of which Tostig's constituents were principal beneficiaries, needed to be paid for. Tostig had been a major commander in these wars attacking in the north while his brother
427:
but was forced to retreat when King Harold called out land and naval forces. He moved north and after an unsuccessful attempt to get his brother Gyrth to join him, he raided
510:. The victorious Harold, at the head of troops still exhausted by their previous fight with Tostig and Hardrada, would go to confront and suffer defeat at the hands of the
1500:
395:. The northern rebels marched south to press their case with King Edward. They were joined at Northampton by Earl Edwin and his forces. There, they were met by Earl
1103:
118:
1242:
478:
92:
1392:
1621:
1616:
1177:
1641:
1397:
602:
481:. Hardrada, Tostig, and many of their men were killed. The Norwegians and the Flemish mercenaries hired by Tostig were largely without
1161:
1136:
1122:
1098:
1075:
1057:
1022:
861:
586:
567:
1626:
1510:
665:
958:
910:
885:
315:
224:
1611:
1606:
1372:
1367:
1235:
412:
publicly accused Harold of fomenting the rebellion. Harold was keen to unify
England in the face of the grave threat from
228:
1515:
1433:
420:
322:
1601:
1596:
1558:
1490:
374:
311:
236:
772:
Campbell, Miles W. "Earl Godwin of Wessex and Edward the
Confessor's Promise of the throne to William of Normandy."
349:) as his main force, an expensive and resented policy (the housecarls' leaders were later slaughtered by rebels).
1525:
1301:
996:
464:
264:
200:
1591:
1382:
1228:
1041:
1530:
1438:
503:
477:
raced northward with an
English army from London and, on 25 September 1066, surprised his brother Tostig at
436:
332:
with some difficulty. He was never popular with the
Northumbrian ruling class, a mix of Danish invaders and
276:
216:
169:
1143:
1316:
550:
Popular (as opposed to scholarly) non-fiction books that cover Tostig's life and role in history include:
535:
212:
159:
1631:
1505:
1495:
1352:
1265:
1195:
413:
388:
58:
1173:
1636:
1413:
1311:
555:
435:. The Earls Edwin and Morcar defeated him decisively. Deserted by his men, he fled to his ally, King
408:
280:
341:, otherwise sympathetic to Tostig, states that he had 'repressed with the heavy yoke of his rule'.
1570:
1520:
1464:
1443:
1280:
1202:
307:
232:
220:
188:
40:
1342:
1306:
1186:
777:
515:
1428:
1347:
1296:
1157:
1132:
1118:
1071:
1053:
1018:
954:
906:
881:
857:
582:
563:
531:
452:
303:
125:
1270:
975:
670:
527:
474:
396:
362:
318:
260:
192:
1546:
1474:
1377:
1332:
1275:
1251:
443:
419:
Tostig, along with his family and some loyal thegns, took refuge with his brother-in-law,
299:
295:
288:
240:
196:
149:
314:. He was on intimate terms with his brother-in-law, Edward the Confessor, and in 1061 he
1423:
808:
424:
1585:
1551:
1387:
1337:
1094:
1089:
1046:
1459:
499:
432:
357:, who had enjoyed lesser taxation than in other parts of England. Yet, the wars in
333:
185:
107:
682:
473:, taking hostages after a peaceful surrender and while acquiring provisions. King
740:
696:
1565:
329:
1052:. Berkeley / London: (University of California Press / Eyre and Spottiswoode).
1001:
An Accurate Description of the Cathedral and Metropolitical Church of St. Peter
674:
255:
719:
353:
popularity apparently plummeted. Many of the inhabitants of Northumbria were
1148:. Vol. II. The Reign of Eadward the Confessor. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
927:
346:
1469:
1145:
The History of the Norman Conquest of England, its Causes and its Results
760:
The history of the Norman conquest of England, its causes and its results
195:. After being exiled by his brother, Tostig supported the Norwegian king
781:
526:
Skuli Tostisson Kongsfostre. He was the great-great-grandfather of King
239:
twenty-six vills or townships as being held by Earl Tostig, forming the
1418:
1107:. Vol. 27 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 79.
617:
612:
511:
507:
502:. Tostig's two sons fled to Norway, while his wife Judith married Duke
487:
428:
284:
244:
144:
96:
294:
The banished Godwin family, including Gytha and Tostig, together with
17:
1357:
1212:
607:
482:
448:
392:
384:
68:
1220:
1088:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
380:
358:
354:
254:
447:
the throne of England. With Hardrada's aid, Tostig sailed up the
287:" of England and, by doing so, was reducing the influence of the
199:'s invasion of England, and was killed alongside Hardrada at the
498:
After his death at Stamford Bridge, Tostig's body was buried at
470:
1224:
369:
Deposition by his brother Harold and the thegns of Northumbria
1003:; 3rd ed. York: printed by G. Peacock, sold by W. Tesseyman
1068:
The Godwins : the rise and fall of a noble dynasty
836:
834:
832:
830:
828:
826:
211:
Tostig was the third son of the Anglo-Saxon nobleman
1154:
The House of Godwine : the history of a dynasty
762:. Vol. II. London: Clarendon. pp. 125–129.
1539:
1483:
1452:
1406:
1325:
1289:
1258:
165:
155:
143:
124:
114:
102:
86:
78:
74:
64:
54:
46:
39:
34:
1045:
534:, and the matrilineal great-great-grandfather of
1501:Coronations of William the Conqueror and Matilda
184:1029 – 25 September 1066) was an
1114:The English nobility under Edward the Confessor
439:. Tostig spent the summer of 1066 in Scotland.
1236:
283:, King of England, was pursuing a policy of "
8:
1017:. London: Bloomsbury Academic. p. 103.
753:
751:
669:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
302:, sought refuge with his brother-in-law the
267:, with Earl Tostig's name in the dedication
1556:
635:
633:
1243:
1229:
1221:
1182:
31:
1129:The Norwegian Invasion of England in 1066
809:"History of Ireleth and Askam-in-Furness"
795:The Norwegian Invasion of England in 1066
641:The Norwegian Invasion of England in 1066
639:For more discussion on this see DeVries.
271:('in Earl Tostig's day', at bottom right)
840:
811:. Bruderlin MacLean Publishing Services
666:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
655:
629:
243:which now forms part of the county of
871:
869:
720:"The Rise of Godwine, Earl of Wessex"
451:and defeated Morcar and Edwin at the
275:In the 19th century, the antiquarian
7:
1178:Prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England
722:. Northwest & Pacific Publishing
1398:Companions of William the Conqueror
469:Hardrada's army and Tostig invaded
328:Tostig appears to have governed in
279:posited a hypothesis claiming that
219:, the daughter of Danish chieftain
953:. London: Dent. pp. 197–199.
880:. London: Dent. pp. 198–199.
25:
854:Harold: The Last Anglo-Saxon King
758:Freeman, Edward Augustus (1868).
90:25 September 1066 (aged about 37)
1081:
856:(Alan Sutton Publishing, Ltd.)
663:"Tostig, earl of Northumbria".
974:William of Malmesbury (1815).
560:1066: The Year of the Conquest
1:
1622:Anglo-Saxons killed in battle
1617:11th-century English nobility
905:. London: Dent. p. 196.
229:Baldwin IV, Count of Flanders
181:
27:11th-century Anglo-Saxon earl
683:UK public library membership
603:Cnut the Great's family tree
421:Baldwin V, Count of Flanders
1559:Carmen de Hastingae Proelio
1491:Northumbrian Revolt of 1065
1131:(Boydell & Brewer Ltd)
930:. Norsk biografisk leksikon
745:(The Domesday Book On-Line)
579:The Making of the King 1066
407:Harold Godwinson persuaded
375:Northumbrian Revolt of 1065
365:marched up from the south.
323:Ealdred, archbishop of York
133:Skuli Tostisson Kongsfostre
1658:
1642:Norman conquest of England
1142:Freeman, Edward A (1868).
949:Garmonsway, G. N. (1954).
928:"Harald 3 HardrĂĄde, Konge"
901:Garmonsway, G. N. (1954).
876:Garmonsway, G. N. (1954).
462:
442:He made contact with King
372:
321:at Rome in the company of
1302:Battle of Stamford Bridge
1209:
1200:
1192:
1185:
1112:Clarke, Peter A. (1994).
951:The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
903:The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
878:The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
465:Battle of Stamford Bridge
459:Battle of Stamford Bridge
409:King Edward the Confessor
265:Kirkdale, North Yorkshire
201:Battle of Stamford Bridge
337:under safe conduct. The
1627:Burials at York Minster
1531:Trial of Penenden Heath
1439:Malcolm III of Scotland
1104:Encyclopædia Britannica
437:Malcolm III of Scotland
379:On 3 October 1065, the
345:of Danish mercenaries (
310:upon the death of Earl
277:Edward Augustus Freeman
247:in north-west England.
1557:
1317:Siege of Exeter (1068)
1127:DeVries, Kelly (2003)
976:"Gesta Regum Anglorum"
852:Walker, Ian W. (1997)
807:MacLean, Mark (1999).
675:10.1093/ref:odnb/27571
272:
237:Domesday Book recorded
223:. In 1051, he married
213:Godwin, Earl of Wessex
160:Godwin, Earl of Wessex
1516:Council of Winchester
1506:Harrying of the North
1496:Council of Lillebonne
1266:William the Conqueror
1066:Barlow, Frank (2002)
518:nineteen days later.
387:, younger brother of
258:
1612:Anglo-Saxon warriors
1607:Earls of Northumbria
1414:Edward the Confessor
1312:Burning of Southwark
1156:(London: Hambledon)
1116:. Oxford: Clarendon.
1048:Edward the Confessor
1015:The House of Godwine
1013:Mason, Emma (2004).
776:28 (1972): 141–158.
718:Bibbs, Hugh (1999).
699:. englishmonarchs.co
577:Lloyd, Alan (1966).
281:Edward the Confessor
269:IN TOSTI DAGVM EORL+
231:by his second wife,
227:, the only child of
217:Gytha ThorkelsdĂłttir
191:and brother of King
1571:William of Poitiers
1521:Revolt of the Earls
1465:Battle, East Sussex
1444:Matilda of Flanders
1373:Eustace of Boulogne
1281:Sweyn II of Denmark
1203:Earl of Northumbria
1152:Mason, Emma (2004)
536:Estrid Bjørnsdotter
444:Harald III Hardrada
414:William of Normandy
403:Exile and rebellion
308:Earl of Northumbria
251:Earl of Northumbria
233:Eleanor of Normandy
189:Earl of Northumbria
41:Earl of Northumbria
1602:Anglo-Saxon people
1597:Anglo-Norse people
1343:Leofwine Godwinson
1307:Battle of Hastings
1187:Peerage of England
742:Cumberland: Hougun
697:"Tostig Godwinson"
516:Battle of Hastings
273:
225:Judith of Flanders
119:Judith of Flanders
1579:
1578:
1526:Council of London
1407:Associated people
1393:Roger de Breteuil
1383:Robert of Mortain
1348:Hereward the Wake
1297:Battle of Fulford
1219:
1218:
1210:Succeeded by
1070:(Longman Harlow)
681:(Subscription or
528:Inge II of Norway
453:Battle of Fulford
304:Count of Flanders
221:Thorgil Sprakling
175:
174:
16:(Redirected from
1649:
1562:
1271:Harold Godwinson
1245:
1238:
1231:
1222:
1193:Preceded by
1183:
1149:
1117:
1108:
1087:
1085:
1084:
1063:
1051:
1029:
1028:
1010:
1004:
994:
988:
987:
985:
983:
971:
965:
964:
946:
940:
939:
937:
935:
923:
917:
916:
898:
892:
891:
873:
864:
850:
844:
838:
821:
820:
818:
816:
804:
798:
791:
785:
770:
764:
763:
755:
746:
738:
732:
731:
729:
727:
715:
709:
708:
706:
704:
693:
687:
686:
678:
660:
644:
637:
592:
581:. Dorset Press.
573:
562:. Dorset Press.
546:In popular books
541:Ketil Tostisson.
475:Harold Godwinson
363:Harold Godwinson
319:Pope Nicholas II
261:Kirkdale sundial
193:Harold Godwinson
183:
178:Tostig Godwinson
35:Tostig Godwinson
32:
21:
1657:
1656:
1652:
1651:
1650:
1648:
1647:
1646:
1592:House of Godwin
1582:
1581:
1580:
1575:
1547:Bayeux Tapestry
1535:
1479:
1475:Tower of London
1448:
1402:
1378:Eadric the Wild
1333:Gyrth Godwinson
1321:
1285:
1276:Harald Hardrada
1254:
1252:Norman Conquest
1249:
1215:
1206:
1198:
1170:
1141:
1111:
1097:, ed. (1911). "
1093:
1082:
1080:
1060:
1040:
1037:
1032:
1025:
1012:
1011:
1007:
995:
991:
981:
979:
973:
972:
968:
961:
948:
947:
943:
933:
931:
925:
924:
920:
913:
900:
899:
895:
888:
875:
874:
867:
851:
847:
839:
824:
814:
812:
806:
805:
801:
792:
788:
771:
767:
757:
756:
749:
739:
735:
725:
723:
717:
716:
712:
702:
700:
695:
694:
690:
680:
662:
661:
657:
653:
648:
647:
638:
631:
626:
599:
589:
576:
570:
554:
548:
496:
479:Stamford Bridge
467:
461:
405:
377:
371:
289:House of Godwin
259:Drawing of the
253:
241:Manor of Hougun
235:. In 1086, the
209:
197:Harald Hardrada
139:
136:Ketil Tostisson
110:
93:Stamford Bridge
91:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1655:
1653:
1645:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1584:
1583:
1577:
1576:
1574:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1554:
1549:
1543:
1541:
1537:
1536:
1534:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1511:Danish attacks
1508:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1487:
1485:
1481:
1480:
1478:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1456:
1454:
1450:
1449:
1447:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1429:Edgar Ætheling
1426:
1424:Edith the Fair
1421:
1416:
1410:
1408:
1404:
1403:
1401:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1329:
1327:
1323:
1322:
1320:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1293:
1291:
1287:
1286:
1284:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1262:
1260:
1256:
1255:
1250:
1248:
1247:
1240:
1233:
1225:
1217:
1216:
1211:
1208:
1199:
1194:
1190:
1189:
1181:
1180:
1169:
1168:External links
1166:
1165:
1164:
1150:
1139:
1125:
1109:
1095:Chisholm, Hugh
1078:
1064:
1058:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1030:
1023:
1005:
989:
966:
959:
941:
918:
911:
893:
886:
865:
845:
822:
799:
786:
765:
747:
733:
710:
688:
654:
652:
649:
646:
645:
628:
627:
625:
622:
621:
620:
615:
610:
605:
598:
595:
594:
593:
587:
574:
568:
556:Howarth, David
547:
544:
543:
542:
539:
532:Skule BĂĄrdsson
495:
492:
463:Main article:
460:
457:
404:
401:
373:Main article:
370:
367:
252:
249:
208:
205:
173:
172:
167:
163:
162:
157:
153:
152:
147:
141:
140:
138:
137:
134:
130:
128:
122:
121:
116:
112:
111:
106:
104:
100:
99:
88:
84:
83:
80:
76:
75:
72:
71:
66:
62:
61:
56:
52:
51:
48:
44:
43:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1654:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1589:
1587:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1561:
1560:
1555:
1553:
1552:Domesday Book
1550:
1548:
1545:
1544:
1542:
1540:Miscellaneous
1538:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1488:
1486:
1482:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1457:
1455:
1451:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1411:
1409:
1405:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1388:Ralph de Gael
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1338:Odo of Bayeux
1336:
1334:
1331:
1330:
1328:
1324:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1294:
1292:
1288:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1263:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1246:
1241:
1239:
1234:
1232:
1227:
1226:
1223:
1214:
1205:
1204:
1197:
1191:
1188:
1184:
1179:
1175:
1172:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1162:9781852853891
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1146:
1140:
1138:
1137:9781843830276
1134:
1130:
1126:
1124:
1123:9780198204428
1120:
1115:
1110:
1106:
1105:
1100:
1096:
1091:
1090:public domain
1079:
1077:
1076:9780582423817
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1059:9780520016712
1055:
1050:
1049:
1043:
1042:Barlow, Frank
1039:
1038:
1035:Other sources
1034:
1026:
1024:9781852853891
1020:
1016:
1009:
1006:
1002:
998:
997:Francis Drake
993:
990:
978:. p. 326
977:
970:
967:
962:
956:
952:
945:
942:
929:
922:
919:
914:
908:
904:
897:
894:
889:
883:
879:
872:
870:
866:
863:
862:0-7509-1388-6
859:
855:
849:
846:
842:
841:Chisholm 1911
837:
835:
833:
831:
829:
827:
823:
810:
803:
800:
796:
790:
787:
783:
779:
775:
769:
766:
761:
754:
752:
748:
744:
743:
737:
734:
721:
714:
711:
698:
692:
689:
684:
676:
672:
668:
667:
659:
656:
650:
642:
636:
634:
630:
623:
619:
616:
614:
611:
609:
606:
604:
601:
600:
596:
590:
588:0-88029-473-6
584:
580:
575:
571:
569:0-88029-014-5
565:
561:
557:
553:
552:
551:
545:
540:
537:
533:
529:
525:
524:
523:
519:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
493:
491:
489:
484:
480:
476:
472:
466:
458:
456:
454:
450:
445:
440:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
417:
415:
410:
402:
400:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
376:
368:
366:
364:
360:
356:
350:
348:
342:
340:
335:
331:
326:
324:
320:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
292:
290:
286:
285:Normanisation
282:
278:
270:
266:
262:
257:
250:
248:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
206:
204:
202:
198:
194:
190:
187:
179:
171:
168:
164:
161:
158:
154:
151:
148:
146:
142:
135:
132:
131:
129:
127:
123:
120:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
98:
94:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
70:
67:
63:
60:
57:
53:
49:
45:
42:
38:
33:
30:
19:
1632:1020s births
1460:Battle Abbey
1362:
1201:
1153:
1144:
1128:
1113:
1102:
1067:
1047:
1014:
1008:
1000:
992:
980:. Retrieved
969:
950:
944:
932:. Retrieved
926:Claus Krag.
921:
902:
896:
877:
853:
848:
813:. Retrieved
802:
797:. pp. 91–104
794:
789:
773:
768:
759:
741:
736:
724:. Retrieved
713:
701:. Retrieved
691:
664:
658:
643:. pp. 91–104
640:
578:
559:
549:
520:
500:York Minster
497:
468:
441:
433:Lincolnshire
418:
406:
378:
351:
343:
339:Vita Edwardi
338:
327:
293:
274:
268:
210:
177:
176:
108:York Minster
82:c. 1029
29:
1637:1066 deaths
1566:Norman yoke
334:Anglo-Saxon
330:Northumbria
186:Anglo-Saxon
55:Predecessor
1586:Categories
1326:Combatants
1207:1055–1065
982:18 October
960:0460106244
912:0460106244
887:0460106244
685:required.)
651:References
391:, Earl of
347:housecarls
207:Background
1453:Locations
793:DeVries.
530:and Duke
494:Aftermath
203:in 1066.
65:Successor
50:1055–1065
1470:Pevensey
1368:Waltheof
1044:(1970).
934:30 March
815:30 March
782:27830940
774:Traditio
726:30 March
703:30 March
597:See also
558:(1977).
425:Sandwich
1434:Ealdred
1419:Stigand
1290:Battles
1259:Leaders
1174:Tosti 2
1092::
999:(1790)
618:Normans
613:Vikings
514:at the
512:Normans
508:Bavaria
488:Riccall
429:Norfolk
316:visited
245:Cumbria
97:England
1484:Events
1363:Tostig
1358:Morcar
1213:Morcar
1196:Siward
1160:
1135:
1121:
1099:Tostig
1086:
1074:
1056:
1021:
957:
909:
884:
860:
780:
679:
608:Saxons
585:
566:
483:armour
449:Humber
397:Harold
393:Mercia
385:Morcar
381:thegns
312:Siward
166:Mother
156:Father
150:Godwin
115:Spouse
103:Burial
69:Morcar
59:Siward
18:Tostig
1353:Edwin
778:JSTOR
624:Notes
389:Edwin
359:Wales
355:Danes
300:Gyrth
296:Sweyn
170:Gytha
145:House
126:Issue
47:Reign
1158:ISBN
1133:ISBN
1119:ISBN
1072:ISBN
1054:ISBN
1019:ISBN
984:2021
955:ISBN
936:2016
907:ISBN
882:ISBN
858:ISBN
817:2016
728:2016
705:2016
583:ISBN
564:ISBN
504:Welf
471:York
431:and
298:and
215:and
87:Died
79:Born
1176:at
1101:".
671:doi
506:of
263:in
1588::
868:^
825:^
750:^
632:^
490:.
455:.
325:.
182:c.
95:,
1244:e
1237:t
1230:v
1062:.
1027:.
986:.
963:.
938:.
915:.
890:.
843:.
819:.
784:.
730:.
707:.
677:.
673::
591:.
572:.
538:.
180:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
