38:, the place names of the Kerguelen Islands are "witnesses both to the gradual discovery made by Europeans, and to the intellectual civilization of those same Europeans. Over a thousand toponyms have been left on the archipelago by explorers, hunters, fishermen, scientists and navies from all over the world, from the time of its discovery in 1772 to the present day. In addition, they give a geographical portrait of the islands, as well as a zoological and botanical description: they make up their natural history.’’
2074:
31:, and have remained without a permanent population ever since. The only residents were during an attempt to set up a farm, a few occasional occupations for whaling activities, and since the 1950s, a French scientific presence. Its toponymy was thus given ex nihilo, by the various explorers, whalers and sealers who frequented its waters and anchorages, and then in the 20th century, once French possession of the archipelago had been reaffirmed, by a few French institutions.
151:, to produce a map of the islands. The map gave some twenty toponyms to points or places visible from the sea. The most important of these is the name of the archipelago itself: îles de la Désolation, or terre de Kerguelen. The former name was used for over a century by American and British whalers and sealers, before falling into disuse; the latter was used by naval and scientific missions and became the sole name at the beginning of the 20th century.
265:, who named a number of places for their own use. These were descriptive names for fishing boats or barges. Some of these names were recorded on a handwritten map drawn by British captain Robert Rhodes, commanding the Hillsborough when he arrived in Kerguelen waters in 1799. This map (known as the "Rhodes map"), now held by the British Hydrographic Department, was used in 1840 by Sir
269:, who arrived with the Erebus and Terror in 1840. Recopied, it was also used by the commander of the Challenger in 1874, who gave it to the commander Fairfax of the Volage, who in turn passed it on to the German commander of La Gazelle, enabling us to find certain names, gallacised, in today's toponymy. These include:
340:
The
English hunter John Nunn was shipwrecked off the Kerguelens in 1825. He published his account in 1850, accompanied by a map of the archipelago's rough contours. The map bears some forty names, probably used by whalers and sealers at the time of the shipwreck. Some thirty of them have survived and
46:
The first toponymy of the archipelago, the names given by Yves Joseph de
Kerguelen have almost all survived to the present day. This toponymy mainly derives from the names of the expedition's ships and officers, the navigator's native Brittany, the royal family, Kerguelen's patrons and ministers. For
383:
This last toponym shows the difficulty of francization. Bear up Bay was first translated in 1913 on the French Navy map as "Baie
Laissez-Porter", then in 1915 as "Baie du Repos". In 1922, in La GĂ©ographie, Rallier du Baty explains: "This name is difficult to translate. "To bear up" in maritime
533:. The ship carried out hydrographic surveys of the northeast coast of the archipelago. The mission assigned some fifty toponyms, named after crew members and mission scientists, as well as the great Prussian figures of the time, such as Bismarck, Kaiser and Kronprintz. In 1915, during the
1872:
Les membres de l'IGN ayant participé à ces trois campagnes et au levé de la carte sont : – H. Guichard, H. de
Corbiac et P. Cormier, ingénieurs géographes, – H. Journoud et B. Frölich, ingénieurs des travaux géographiques de l'État, – JC Boujon, ingénieur de
404:
passed through the
Kerguelen Islands in 1840. He drew up a fairly accurate map showing the toponyms in use at the time among whalers and sealers, a toponymy that was becoming increasingly abundant. For example, his map includes the names, then in English, of:
701:
638:
695:
favor names to honor a departed personality or expedition member, commemorate a road incident, the passage of a ship, highlight a resemblance, recall a metropolitan geographical name, events in local life,
154:
Other toponyms given by Cook refer to members of the
British royal family, British ministers of the time, scientists under his protection or some of his officers. There are also a few descriptive toponyms:
537:, the French Navy's Hydrographic Service removed all those that reminded them of the enemy, for example more than twenty. Twenty-three remain in today's toponymy, francized for descriptive toponyms.
384:
English means "to let carry", as opposed to "to luff" or "to heave", which means "to loft": "to come upright to the wind". It was translated again in 1970 by the
Commission de toponymie into "
506:, oceanographer and lieutenant on the Challenger. A British Admiralty hydrographer, J. Evans, will also be honored with Mont Evans, the distinctive, steep mountain south of the
292:). The original name was Cascade River, meaning both the river (currently, Rivière du Nord) cascading down from the Chateau Mountains and the narrow bay into which it emptied.
90:
164:(Christmas Harbour), where Kerguelen docked and sheltered on his arrival in Kerguelen on Christmas Day 1776. Initially, the name had been given to what Kerguelen had named
1950:
633:, entrusted the validation of the toponymy of the Austral lands to a commission created by decree N°.16 of June 27, 1966. It was made up of four members appointed by him:
257:
As soon as the maps drawn up by
Kerguelen and especially Cook became known, the waters of the archipelago were frequented by British and especially American
55:
appear. During these two expeditions, the island having been little explored, the coastal topography and remarkable points visible from the sea were named.
490:, visited Kerguelen in January 1874. The expedition attributed some fifty toponyms, most of which still exist today. Twenty-two are named after members of
2775:
170:(harbour ). But the name became so popular that it was subsequently retained in official toponymy, but only to refer to the site at the head of the bay.
669:
2474:
1943:
1840:
106:
689:
respect for the blanks on the map at the time, with new toponyms left to the care of the future teams who will carry out the reconnaissance.
676:
The commission held ten meetings between
December 1966 and May 1971, with Mr. Roly, the TAAF administrator's representative, in attendance.
28:
630:
193:
1936:
1919:
1902:
234:
47:
the latter, it's worth noting the political aspect of toponymy. While the first toponyms were drawn up by ministers in the court of
2028:
409:
141:
sailed along the north, east, and southeast coasts of the archipelago, confirming its insularity. He commissioned his lieutenant,
2073:
117:
1833:
Des profondeurs océaniques au laboratoire. 1, Les premières explorations de l'océan profond par le H.M.S. Challenger (1872–1876)
529:, was aboard La Gazelle from October 1874 to February 1875. They set up a canvas camp on the edge of Betsy Cove, at the head of
298:(or Betsey, north of the Courbet peninsula, in Baie Accessible), probably the name of a hunting boat, a common name at the time.
70:
2176:
1141:
2638:
204:
2126:
692:
avoid names relating to living persons given after 1950, except in the case of heads of state or eminent personalities.
673:
in Paris, was in charge of carrying out the necessary bibliographical research and drawing up the corresponding files.
491:
185:
2449:
2156:
1082:
946:
229:, but the name remains today only for the pass that gives access to it. It is framed by Cape George (named after King
2043:
1326:
1166:
110:
51:, the second expedition, after which Kerguelen sought rehabilitation, saw the names of new ministers in the court of
2454:
2136:
2770:
2116:
2053:
414:
196:(and not George Campbell, lieutenant on the HMS Challenger during the 1879 expedition, as was thought for a while).
173:
134:
2403:
2302:
2171:
2096:
1296:
650:
526:
66:
2161:
463:
whose physician on theErebus, the second ship of the expedition, had discovered new species in the vicinity only.
2262:
2106:
645:
507:
2507:
2408:
2232:
2166:
2146:
2111:
1331:
2197:
657:
2658:
1505:
1291:
1128:
1066:
683:
pre-eminence of the French language for the naming of surnames constituting simple geographical designations.
2131:
1687:
1366:
2734:
2598:
2537:
1709:
1387:
886:
753:
366:
308:
214:
2760:
2613:
2563:
2464:
2398:
2378:
2322:
2267:
2141:
1115:
1074:
318:
280:
226:
2618:
2558:
2383:
2058:
1554:
1174:
1034:
385:
376:
76:
2704:
2517:
2502:
2459:
2444:
2439:
2413:
2332:
2327:
2121:
1318:
1197:
951:
514:
487:
476:
379:(Bear up Bay , southeast of the Loranchet peninsula), evokes a particularly well-protected and calm bay.
62:
2688:
2297:
2252:
1692:
1593:
988:
727:
604:
596:
2683:
2603:
2512:
2434:
2272:
2202:
1451:
1427:
1371:
1307:
1161:
956:
941:
854:
837:
373:, southwest of Loranchet Peninsula), evokes this important object in the life of 19th-century hunters.
2709:
2678:
2663:
2633:
2593:
2542:
2497:
2388:
2358:
2222:
2033:
1636:
1622:
1577:
1435:
1020:
876:
664:
530:
289:
273:
80:
35:
2643:
2608:
2588:
2583:
2573:
2373:
2363:
2277:
2192:
2063:
1732:
1664:
1588:
1482:
1477:
1446:
862:
370:
346:
328:
86:
2729:
2724:
2673:
2653:
2648:
2578:
2527:
2368:
2307:
2151:
2048:
1398:
1376:
1133:
1087:
823:
773:
585:
503:
357:
350:
341:
evoke, often with originality, the life, and its harshness, of sailors at the time. They include:
200:
166:
96:
23:, an archipelago in the southern Indian Ocean, were discovered uninhabited on February 12, 1772 by
2628:
2568:
2532:
2492:
2418:
2342:
2282:
2257:
1761:
work on the archipelago in 1961, had already left three toponyms: l'anse de la
Caverne, Ă©peron du
1659:
1549:
1283:
1123:
1101:
933:
881:
815:
612:
324:
240:
2668:
2337:
2227:
2091:
1896:
719:
499:
436:
2714:
2482:
2317:
2292:
2287:
2247:
2217:
2207:
1993:
419:
295:
467:
Other names related to this expedition were given following the Challenger expedition in 1874.
2765:
2101:
2008:
1988:
1983:
1959:
1915:
1836:
442:
220:
189:
102:
20:
2755:
2242:
1978:
1805:(in French). Commission territoriale de toponymie avec le concours de Gracie Delépine. 1973.
446:
401:
266:
534:
397:
363:
Rochers du DĂ©sespoir (northern coast of the Courbet peninsula, at the entrance to the bay.
2023:
517:
between November 1874 and February 1875 aboard the Volage and Supply also left its mark.
2719:
2212:
2038:
1973:
460:
314:
243:, the bay being "because of certain white areas of earth or rocks in the bottom of it",
160:
1891:(in French). Terres australes et antarctiques françaises / La Documentation française.
2749:
208:
142:
707:
These campaigns attributed twenty-six names, which were taken up by the Commission:
353:), depicts the tormented relief of a valley reminiscent of a slag heap in a furnace.
2522:
2393:
2237:
2083:
483:
262:
176:, after the young Prince of Wales George Augustus of Hanover, the future George IV.
2013:
2623:
2018:
2003:
1998:
482:, a British scientific mission led by Professor Charles Wyville Thomson, aboard
179:
2487:
1757:
304:
Brisants Kent (north of Baie Accessible), probably the name of a whaling ship.
230:
147:
138:
121:
1862:(in French). Comité national français pour les recherches antarctiques. 1970.
2312:
495:
345:
Ravin du Bol de Punch du Diable (Devils Punch Bowl, on the western shore of
52:
498:, the highest point in the archipelago, named after James Clark Ross, and
225:
Passe Royale: Cook originally named the whole of what is now the Gulf of
182:, after Lord Howe, then commander of the British armies in North America.
48:
24:
258:
1928:
42:
Toponymy by Yves Joseph de Kerguelen de Trémarec – 1772 and 1773
1932:
670:
Bibliothèque de documentation internationale contemporaine
513:
The British astronomical mission that came to observe the
686:
maintenance of names given during missions prior to 1950.
711:
List of toponyms provided by the IGN team of geographers
629:
In 1966, Pierre Rolland, Superior Administrator of the
637:
Hervé Durand de Corbiac, chief engineer-geographer at
1751:
List of toponyms given by the Commission de toponymie
807:
List of toponyms given by the Commission de toponymie
700:
It was based on the map of Kerguelen produced by the
704:(IGN, by its French acronym) between 1964 and 1967.
311:), probably the name of a whaling or sealing vessel.
2697:
2551:
2473:
2427:
2351:
2185:
2081:
1966:
541:
List of place names given by the La Gazelle mission
445:is one of the two ships on the expedition with the
288:Baie des Cascades (north of Courbet Peninsula, in
217:(now collapsed), north of the Loranchet Peninsula.
99:, from the Rolland, ship of the second expedition
521:Toponymy of the German La Gazelle mission – 1874
471:Toponymy during the Challenger expedition – 1874
625:Work of the Toponymy Commission – 1966 to 1971
1944:
1860:La carte de reconnaissance des îles Kerguélen
233:) and Point Charlotte (named after his wife,
8:
307:Baie de l'Éclipse (on the east coast of the
1914:. Blanche (in French). Ă©ditions Gallimard.
1831:Aitken, Frédéric; Foulc, Jean-Numa (2018).
1951:
1937:
1929:
16:Archipelago in the southern Indian Ocean.
2177:Presque-isle de la Société de géographie
1777:
1894:
1747:The commission will assign 270 names.
803:The commission will assign 270 names.
525:A German astronomical mission, led by
432:Ross himself names only three places:
653:, lecturer at the Sorbonne, geologist
7:
1854:
1852:
1797:
1795:
1793:
1791:
1789:
1787:
1785:
1783:
1781:
679:It endeavored to follow five rules:
285:Anse du Bon coin (Snugg Corner Cove)
29:Yves Joseph de Kerguelen de Trémarec
459:is the common English name for the
356:Pointe du Cuir Salé (west coast of
1109:Doudart-de-Lagrée (Hauts-Fonds du)
656:Gaston Rouillon, Deputy Director,
14:
2776:Archipelagoes of the Indian Ocean
1755:Gaston Rouillon, who carried out
492:the Erebus and Terror expeditions
116:Pointe Tromelin, named after the
2157:Presque-isle of Prince de Galles
2072:
203:), named after the Scotsman Sir
248:Toponymy of whalers and sealers
111:Secretary of State for the Navy
73:, the expedition's second ship,
2137:Presque-isle of La Bourdonnais
1889:Toponymie des Terres australes
1803:Toponymie des Terres australes
702:Institut GĂ©ographique National
1:
2117:Presque-isle of Entrecasteaux
1901:: CS1 maint: date and year (
1818:A Voyage to the Pacific Ocean
1496:Petit Saint-Hubert (Étang du)
1142:Entrecasteaux (Presqu'île d')
1028:Commandant Loranchet (ĂŽle du)
331:), an important nesting site.
174:The Prince of Wales Peninsula
129:Toponymy of James Cook – 1776
2303:Mont Raymond Rallier du Baty
2097:Presque-isle of Bougainville
1083:Discovery (Presqu'île de la)
947:Bougainville (Presqu'île du)
398:his expedition to Antarctica
91:Étienne-François de Choiseul
67:Louis Aleno de Saint-AloĂĽarn
2552:Main gulfs, bays and fjords
1459:Ornithologue (Pointe de l')
1327:La Bourdonnais (Presqu'île)
1167:Explorateur (Glacier de l')
392:James Clark Ross map – 1840
2792:
2263:Mont Henri Rallier du Baty
2107:Presque-isle of Cumberland
1835:(in French). p. 250.
1531:Quarantaine (Éperon de la)
1499:Phoquiers (Presqu'île des)
891:Baleines Noires (Anse des)
646:Naval Hydrographic Service
335:
2167:Presque-isle of Rochegude
2162:Rallier du Baty Peninsula
2147:Presque-isle of Discovery
2112:Presque-isle of Discovery
2070:
1887:Gracie, Delépine (1973).
1537:Raoul Blanchard (Glacier)
1462:Orographie (Pointe de l')
1071:Deux BĂ©nitiers (Mont des)
859:Astronomie (Pointe de l')
58:Here are a few examples:
2404:Glacier Dumont d'Urville
2172:Presque-isle of Ronarc'h
2044:ĂŽles du Prince-de-Monaco
1910:Garde, François (2018).
1650:Telluromètre (Vallée du)
1644:Table Haute (Mont de la)
1559:RĂ©solution (Passe de la)
1351:Lions Marins (Plage des)
1297:Infernet (Glacier de l')
1138:Espérance (Pointe de l')
993:Chapelle (Colline de la)
812:AĂ©ronavale (Monts de l')
787:Quatre Points (Mont des)
658:French Polar Expeditions
323:Pointe aux Ĺ’ufs (tip of
199:Pointe Pringle (east of
145:, the future captain of
2659:Fjord des Portes Noires
2054:ĂŽle Saint-Lanne Gramont
1598:Sauveterre (Plateau de)
1506:Pilatte (Glacier de la)
1067:DĂ©solation (Baie de la)
999:Chasseurs (Rivière des)
724:Bout de l'An (CrĂŞte du)
570:Gazelle (Passage de la)
441:RĂ©cifts du Terror, the
400:, the British explorer
211:and a friend of Cook's.
34:According to historian
2132:Presque-isle of Joffre
2127:PĂ©ninsule Jeanne d'Arc
1737:Vulcain (La Coulée de)
1688:Trois MĂ©nestrels (Les)
1653:TempĂŞtes (Falaise des)
1641:Table de l'Oiseau (La)
1619:Six Lacs (Rivière des)
1585:Saint-Sylvestre (Mont)
1367:Marion Dufresne (Mont)
1354:Macrocystis (Anse des)
1348:Limnigraphe (Étang du)
1304:Jacques Boucart (Anse)
1280:HĂ©micycle (Mont de l')
1188:Fer Ă Cheval (Mont du)
1063:DĂ©couverte (Cap de la)
1060:Décharge (Étang de la)
1011:Chicanes (Rivière des)
870:Atlantis (Roche de l')
567:Gazelle (Bassin de la)
508:Jeanne d'Arc peninsula
425:Plage de la Demi-Lune,
192:), after Vice-Admiral
93:, minister of Louis XV
2599:Baie de la DĂ©solation
2538:Lac des Trois Cantons
2409:Glacier de l'Infernet
1710:Vendéenne (Lac de la)
1672:Tirelire (Mont de la)
1601:Schleinitz (Mont von)
1546:Recherche (Col de la)
1415:Moraines (Plaine des)
1388:Megalestris (Lac des)
1357:Magnétisme (Étang du)
1332:Lacs (Presqu'île des)
1301:Isabelle (Presqu'île)
1217:Gendarme (Glacier du)
1194:Flaques (Plateau des)
1057:Daniel Barbier (Mont)
1042:Cratère (La Table du)
985:Centaures (Étang des)
887:Baignoire (Lac de la)
834:Amphi (Rivière de l')
831:Amphi (Glacier de l')
758:MĂ©caniciens (Col des)
754:Malchance (Lac de la)
738:DĂ©route (Monts de la)
549:Beau Temps (Havre du)
546:Astronomes (Baie des)
451:Club-Moss Bay (today
388:", its current name.
367:Crique du Sac Ă Plomb
118:Chevalier de Tromelin
2614:Baie du Hillsborough
2564:Golfe des Baleiniers
2465:Rivière des Six Lacs
2399:Glacier de Plan-Praz
2379:Glacier Jean Brunhes
2323:Mont Wyville Thomson
2142:Presque-isle of Lacs
1816:Cook, James (1784).
1669:Timoniers (Anse des)
1656:Terres Froides (Les)
1582:Saint-Hubert (Étang)
1568:Robert Bureau (Mont)
1468:Ouest (Le Pas de l')
1424:Mouflons (Table des)
1288:Iceberg (Anse de l')
1244:Grande Barrière (La)
1220:GĂ©odes (Plateau des)
1211:Gallieni (Roches du)
1120:Durvillea (Anse des)
1116:Duguay-Trouin (Anse)
1075:Deux ĂŽlots (Lac des)
828:Alidade (Mont de l')
319:Baie du Hillsborough
281:Baie du Hillsborough
253:Map of Rhodes – 1799
227:Morbihan Royal Sound
2619:Baie Laissez-Porter
2384:Glacier de Chamonix
2152:Loranchet Peninsula
2059:Roches du Salamanca
1912:Marcher Ă Kerguelen
1607:Sérail (Rivière du)
1555:RĂ©serve (Lac de la)
1528:Pylones (Étang des)
1522:Poterne (Col de la)
1502:Pierre Lejay (Mont)
1443:Névés (Plateau des)
1412:Mischief (Roche du)
1403:Météo (Étang de la)
1339:Larzac (Plateau du)
1292:Impasse (Lac de l')
1247:Grande Bastide (La)
1202:Francès (Île de la)
1175:Faille (Mont de la)
1146:Entrelacs (Val des)
1129:Écubier (Lac de l')
1112:Dragons (Étang des)
1035:Courmayeur (Lac de)
1025:Collets (Étang des)
918:Belzébuth (Anse de)
915:Béliers (Étang des)
909:Beaulieu (Table de)
851:Artagnan (Monts d')
848:Armengaud (Plateau)
796:Trois Vallées (Les)
761:MĂ©ridien (Table du)
735:Cratère (Éperon du)
716:Aiguille Noire (L')
644:A. Duthu, Captain,
504:Thomas Henry Tizard
386:Baie Laissez-Porter
377:Baie Laissez-Porter
369:(Shot Bag Bay, in
358:Loranchet Peninsula
351:Loranchet Peninsula
207:, President of the
201:Loranchet Peninsula
124:port administrator.
69:, commander of the
2503:Lac des Deux ĂŽlots
2460:Rivière des Sables
2455:Rivière des Galets
2440:Rivière du Château
2414:Glacier La PĂ©rouse
2333:Puy Saint-Théodule
2328:Pic Saint-Allouarn
2122:Gallieni Peninsula
1740:Weazels (CĂ´te des)
1729:Vigie (Mont de la)
1697:Tuillière (Roches)
1440:Neiges (Piton des)
1336:Larmor (Vallée de)
1319:Joliot-Curie (Pic)
1277:Hautes Mares (Les)
1259:Grand Rempart (Le)
1256:Grand Plateau (Le)
1223:GĂ©ographe (Col du)
1205:Gabiers (Anse des)
1198:Français (Baie du)
1171:Faille (Col de la)
1149:Épaves (Plage des)
1095:Donatien Cot (Cap)
1048:CrĂŞtes (Piste des)
1031:Cornue (Lac de la)
996:Chasseneige (Mont)
973:Camp de CĂ©sar (Le)
952:Brèche (Lac de la)
924:Besace (Lac de la)
784:Quatre Mares (Les)
781:Porte du Vent (La)
744:Écume (Anse de l')
105:, named after the
63:Pic Saint-Allouarn
2771:Kerguelen Islands
2743:
2742:
2735:Port-Jeanne-d'Arc
2710:Port-aux-Français
2689:DĂ©troit de Tucker
2639:Golfe du Morbihan
2508:Lac d'Entr'Aigues
2253:Mont Étienne Peau
2102:Courbet Peninsula
1960:Kerguelen Islands
1842:978-1-78405-464-9
1720:VĂ©ronique (CrĂŞte)
1703:Vallée Haute (La)
1693:Truites (Lac des)
1678:Tournesol (Roche)
1604:Sélé (Glacier du)
1594:Saumons (Lac des)
1574:Rubis (Étang des)
1540:Rapides (Val des)
1490:Patanela (Cap du)
1471:Ouest (Val de l')
1409:Mille Névés (Les)
1323:Jussieu (Glacier)
1312:Jaspes (Mont des)
1265:G.R.I. (Étang du)
1250:Grande Casse (La)
1241:Grand Balcon (Le)
1235:Grâces (Mont des)
1208:Gaillard (Cap du)
1185:Fente (Lac de la)
1017:Claire (La Roche)
1014:Chionis (Port du)
1002:Château d'If (Le)
989:Chamonix (Lac de)
976:Canot (Pointe du)
970:Camp (Glacier du)
964:Camaret (Anse de)
938:Bornes (Mont des)
930:Blizzard (Col du)
897:Barrabé (Glacier)
799:Visée (Col de la)
741:Deux Frères (Les)
728:Brumes (Mont des)
667:, curator at the
620:Victoria (Bassin)
605:Passage (ĂŽles du)
597:Naumann (Glacier)
555:Breusing (Pointe)
336:Nunn's map – 1850
309:presqu'île Joffre
215:Pointe de l'Arche
190:Courbet Peninsula
107:Marquis de Boynes
21:Kerguelen Islands
2783:
2684:Baie de la Table
2654:Baie de l'Oiseau
2649:Baie Norvégienne
2604:Baie du Français
2513:Lac de Guilvinec
2450:Rivière de l'Est
2273:Pic Joliot-Curie
2268:Mont de l'Iseran
2243:Volcan du Diable
2203:Montagnes Vertes
2076:
1953:
1946:
1939:
1930:
1925:
1906:
1900:
1892:
1874:
1870:
1864:
1863:
1856:
1847:
1846:
1828:
1822:
1821:
1813:
1807:
1806:
1799:
1706:Vanhöffen (Bras)
1613:Signal (Mont du)
1571:Rois Mages (Les)
1487:Pascal (Glacier)
1452:Noroît (Baie du)
1432:Mousse (Anse du)
1428:Moules (ĂŽle aux)
1421:Moseley (Cirque)
1406:Milady (Rivière)
1392:MĂ©jean (Plateau)
1372:Marjolaine (Lac)
1342:Levant (ĂŽlot du)
1308:Jaspes (Lac des)
1274:Halage (Anse du)
1262:Grand TĂ©ton (Le)
1253:Grand Étang (Le)
1162:Euphrosine (Lac)
1152:Équerre (Val d')
1054:Cuvier (Glacier)
1045:Cratère (Pic du)
1008:Chaton (ĂŽlot du)
1005:Château-Gaillard
982:Castor et Pollux
957:Brunehilde (Lac)
942:Bouchet (Lac du)
894:Balthazar (Mont)
793:Secours (Col du)
747:Grésil (Mont du)
732:Chaotique (Mont)
593:Milieu (Port du)
515:transit of Venus
402:James Clark Ross
267:James Clark Ross
167:Baie de l'Oiseau
2791:
2790:
2786:
2785:
2784:
2782:
2781:
2780:
2746:
2745:
2744:
2739:
2693:
2679:Baie des Swains
2664:Baie de Recques
2634:Baie de Londres
2594:Baie Clémenceau
2559:Baie d'Audierne
2547:
2543:Lac du Val Mort
2498:Lac de Chamonix
2475:Principal Lakes
2469:
2423:
2389:Glacier Chasles
2359:Glacier Agassiz
2347:
2223:Pyramide Branca
2181:
2082:Peninsulas and
2077:
2068:
1962:
1957:
1922:
1909:
1893:
1886:
1883:
1878:
1877:
1871:
1867:
1858:
1857:
1850:
1843:
1830:
1829:
1825:
1815:
1814:
1810:
1801:
1800:
1779:
1774:
1753:
1726:Vieux Port (Le)
1717:VĂ©nus (Mont de)
1647:Taupinière (La)
1637:Supérieur (Lac)
1623:Skuas (ĂŽle aux)
1562:Rhèmes (Val de)
1516:Ponant (Cap du)
1474:Pacha (Anse du)
1418:Mortadelle (La)
1395:Melchior (Mont)
1345:Levant (Val du)
1226:Gergovie (Mont)
1191:Filon (Mont du)
1079:Diable (Col du)
961:Calliope (Mont)
838:Aphrodite (Lac)
820:Ailefroide (L')
809:
790:Retour (Val du)
713:
665:Gracie Delépine
651:Jacques Nougier
627:
579:Krille (Pointe)
564:Dimanche (Port)
552:Bobzien (ĂŽlots)
543:
535:First World War
523:
473:
428:Trou du Ressac.
394:
338:
290:Baie Accessible
274:Baie Accessible
255:
250:
235:Queen Charlotte
131:
81:Bay of Audierne
77:Baie d'Audierne
44:
36:Gracie Delépine
17:
12:
11:
5:
2789:
2787:
2779:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2748:
2747:
2741:
2740:
2738:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2720:Port-Christmas
2717:
2712:
2707:
2701:
2699:
2695:
2694:
2692:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2644:Baie du Noroît
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2609:Baie Greenland
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2589:Golfe Choiseul
2586:
2584:Baie de Chimay
2581:
2576:
2574:Fjord Bossière
2571:
2566:
2561:
2555:
2553:
2549:
2548:
2546:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2518:Lac d'Hermance
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2479:
2477:
2471:
2470:
2468:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2431:
2429:
2425:
2424:
2422:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2374:Glacier Buffon
2371:
2366:
2364:Glacier Ampère
2361:
2355:
2353:
2349:
2348:
2346:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2278:Mont Jullemier
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2213:Kerguelen Arch
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2193:Mont Citadelle
2189:
2187:
2183:
2182:
2180:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2088:
2086:
2079:
2078:
2071:
2069:
2067:
2066:
2064:ĂŽlot Solitaire
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2034:ĂŽle de l'Ouest
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1984:ĂŽles de Boynes
1981:
1976:
1970:
1968:
1964:
1963:
1958:
1956:
1955:
1948:
1941:
1933:
1927:
1926:
1920:
1907:
1882:
1879:
1876:
1875:
1865:
1848:
1841:
1823:
1808:
1776:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1752:
1749:
1745:
1744:
1743:Weineck (Mont)
1741:
1738:
1735:
1730:
1727:
1724:
1721:
1718:
1715:
1714:Ventoux (Mont)
1712:
1707:
1704:
1701:
1698:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1682:
1679:
1676:
1675:Tournelle (La)
1673:
1670:
1667:
1665:Tigre (Lac du)
1662:
1657:
1654:
1651:
1648:
1645:
1642:
1639:
1634:
1631:
1628:
1625:
1620:
1617:
1614:
1611:
1610:Sersey (Roche)
1608:
1605:
1602:
1599:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1583:
1580:
1578:Sabot (Lac du)
1575:
1572:
1569:
1566:
1563:
1560:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1544:
1541:
1538:
1535:
1532:
1529:
1526:
1523:
1520:
1519:Porthos (Mont)
1517:
1514:
1513:Poincaré (Cap)
1511:
1508:
1503:
1500:
1497:
1494:
1491:
1488:
1485:
1483:Parsifal (Lac)
1480:
1475:
1472:
1469:
1466:
1465:Ossau (Val d')
1463:
1460:
1457:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1441:
1438:
1436:Nathalie (Lac)
1433:
1430:
1425:
1422:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1410:
1407:
1404:
1401:
1396:
1393:
1390:
1385:
1382:
1381:Mawson (Monts)
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1361:
1358:
1355:
1352:
1349:
1346:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1321:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1305:
1302:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1286:
1281:
1278:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1260:
1257:
1254:
1251:
1248:
1245:
1242:
1239:
1238:Gracie (Étang)
1236:
1233:
1230:
1227:
1224:
1221:
1218:
1215:
1214:Gaspard (Mont)
1212:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1195:
1192:
1189:
1186:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1172:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1156:
1155:Éridan (Étang)
1153:
1150:
1147:
1144:
1139:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1118:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1077:
1072:
1069:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1046:
1043:
1040:
1037:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1021:Claudine (Lac)
1018:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1003:
1000:
997:
994:
991:
986:
983:
980:
977:
974:
971:
968:
965:
962:
959:
954:
949:
944:
939:
936:
931:
928:
925:
922:
921:Berlioz (Mont)
919:
916:
913:
910:
907:
904:
901:
900:Bas (Piste du)
898:
895:
892:
889:
884:
879:
874:
871:
868:
865:
860:
857:
852:
849:
846:
843:
840:
835:
832:
829:
826:
821:
818:
813:
808:
805:
801:
800:
797:
794:
791:
788:
785:
782:
779:
776:
771:
768:
765:
762:
759:
756:
751:
748:
745:
742:
739:
736:
733:
730:
725:
722:
717:
712:
709:
698:
697:
693:
690:
687:
684:
662:
661:
654:
648:
642:
626:
623:
622:
621:
618:
617:Toit (Mont du)
615:
610:
607:
602:
601:Neumayer (Cap)
599:
594:
591:
588:
583:
580:
577:
576:Husker (Passe)
574:
571:
568:
565:
562:
561:Credner (Port)
559:
556:
553:
550:
547:
542:
539:
531:Accessible Bay
522:
519:
488:HMS Challenger
472:
469:
465:
464:
461:Lycopodiopsida
453:Anse aux Choux
449:
439:
430:
429:
426:
423:
417:
412:
393:
390:
381:
380:
374:
371:Baie du Noroît
364:
361:
354:
347:Baie du Centre
337:
334:
333:
332:
329:Gulf of Whales
321:
312:
305:
302:
299:
293:
286:
283:
277:
276:
254:
251:
249:
246:
245:
244:
238:
223:
221:ĂŽles Nuageuses
218:
212:
197:
188:(north of the
183:
177:
171:
161:Port-Christmas
130:
127:
126:
125:
114:
103:ĂŽles de Boynes
100:
94:
87:Golfe Choiseul
84:
74:
65:, named after
43:
40:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2788:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2761:Archipelagoes
2759:
2757:
2754:
2753:
2751:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2730:Port-Douzième
2728:
2726:
2725:Port-Couvreux
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2702:
2700:
2696:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2674:Baie Rocheuse
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2579:Baie Bretonne
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2556:
2554:
2550:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2528:Lac Rochegude
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2480:
2478:
2476:
2472:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2432:
2430:
2426:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2369:Glacier Arago
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2356:
2354:
2350:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2308:Mont Richards
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2233:Mont Campbell
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2190:
2188:
2184:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2089:
2087:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2049:ĂŽle du Roland
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1979:ĂŽle Australia
1977:
1975:
1972:
1971:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1954:
1949:
1947:
1942:
1940:
1935:
1934:
1931:
1923:
1921:9782070148851
1917:
1913:
1908:
1904:
1898:
1890:
1885:
1884:
1880:
1869:
1866:
1861:
1855:
1853:
1849:
1844:
1838:
1834:
1827:
1824:
1819:
1812:
1809:
1804:
1798:
1796:
1794:
1792:
1790:
1788:
1786:
1784:
1782:
1778:
1771:
1769:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1759:
1750:
1748:
1742:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1733:Virgule (Lac)
1731:
1728:
1725:
1722:
1719:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1705:
1702:
1700:Uranie (Mont)
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:Tremplin (Le)
1683:
1681:Travers (Val)
1680:
1677:
1674:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1655:
1652:
1649:
1646:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1632:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1618:
1615:
1612:
1609:
1606:
1603:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1589:Saturne (Lac)
1587:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1573:
1570:
1567:
1564:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1545:
1543:Ravines (Les)
1542:
1539:
1536:
1534:Rambarde (La)
1533:
1530:
1527:
1524:
1521:
1518:
1515:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1501:
1498:
1495:
1492:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1473:
1470:
1467:
1464:
1461:
1458:
1456:Oppidium (L')
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1423:
1420:
1417:
1414:
1411:
1408:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1399:Mercure (Lac)
1397:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:Marches (Les)
1362:
1359:
1356:
1353:
1350:
1347:
1344:
1341:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:Jeannel (Cap)
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1279:
1276:
1273:
1271:Guillou (ĂŽle)
1270:
1268:Guéridon (Le)
1267:
1264:
1261:
1258:
1255:
1252:
1249:
1246:
1243:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1216:
1213:
1210:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1190:
1187:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1106:Double (Mont)
1105:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1053:
1051:Crozet (Mont)
1050:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1039:Courtine (La)
1038:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1004:
1001:
998:
995:
992:
990:
987:
984:
981:
979:Capitole (Le)
978:
975:
972:
969:
967:Camargue (La)
966:
963:
960:
958:
955:
953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
940:
937:
935:
932:
929:
927:Bessons (Les)
926:
923:
920:
917:
914:
911:
908:
905:
903:Bastille (La)
902:
899:
896:
893:
890:
888:
885:
883:
880:
878:
877:Austral (Lac)
875:
873:Auge (Val d')
872:
869:
866:
864:
861:
858:
856:
853:
850:
847:
844:
842:Aramis (Mont)
841:
839:
836:
833:
830:
827:
825:
822:
819:
817:
814:
811:
810:
806:
804:
798:
795:
792:
789:
786:
783:
780:
777:
775:
772:
769:
767:Montjoie (La)
766:
763:
760:
757:
755:
752:
749:
746:
743:
740:
737:
734:
731:
729:
726:
723:
721:
718:
715:
714:
710:
708:
705:
703:
694:
691:
688:
685:
682:
681:
680:
677:
674:
672:
671:
666:
659:
655:
652:
649:
647:
643:
640:
636:
635:
634:
632:
624:
619:
616:
614:
611:
608:
606:
603:
600:
598:
595:
592:
589:
587:
584:
582:Louise (Port)
581:
578:
575:
573:Hélène (Port)
572:
569:
566:
563:
560:
558:Cachée (Baie)
557:
554:
551:
548:
545:
544:
540:
538:
536:
532:
528:
520:
518:
516:
511:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
484:Captain Nares
481:
479:
470:
468:
462:
458:
454:
450:
448:
444:
440:
438:
435:
434:
433:
427:
424:
421:
418:
416:
413:
411:
408:
407:
406:
403:
399:
391:
389:
387:
378:
375:
372:
368:
365:
362:
359:
355:
352:
348:
344:
343:
342:
330:
326:
322:
320:
316:
313:
310:
306:
303:
300:
297:
294:
291:
287:
284:
282:
279:
278:
275:
272:
271:
270:
268:
264:
260:
252:
247:
242:
239:
236:
232:
228:
224:
222:
219:
216:
213:
210:
209:Royal Society
206:
202:
198:
195:
194:John Campbell
191:
187:
186:Mont Campbell
184:
181:
178:
175:
172:
169:
168:
163:
162:
158:
157:
156:
152:
150:
149:
144:
143:William Bligh
140:
136:
128:
123:
119:
115:
112:
108:
104:
101:
98:
97:ĂŽle du Roland
95:
92:
88:
85:
82:
78:
75:
72:
68:
64:
61:
60:
59:
56:
54:
50:
41:
39:
37:
32:
30:
26:
22:
2629:Fjord Larose
2569:Baie Blanche
2533:Lac Sibélius
2523:Lac Marville
2493:Lac Bontemps
2428:Watercourses
2419:Glacier Lamé
2394:Cook Ice Cap
2343:Mont Trapèze
2283:Mont de Lans
2258:Pic Guynemer
2238:Mont Crozier
2198:Les Mamelles
2084:Presque-isle
2024:ĂŽles Leygues
2009:Grande Terre
1911:
1888:
1881:Bibliography
1868:
1859:
1832:
1826:
1820:(in French).
1817:
1811:
1802:
1767:Butte Rouge.
1766:
1762:
1756:
1754:
1746:
1660:Thalie (Lac)
1630:Stoll (ĂŽlot)
1616:SinaĂŻ (Mont)
1493:Perché (Val)
1478:Pâris (Mont)
1447:Nicole (Lac)
1377:Maroon (ĂŽle)
1182:Fauve (Mont)
1134:Éliane (Lac)
1088:Dombes (Les)
934:Börgen (Lac)
912:Bedja (ĂŽlot)
906:Bastion (Le)
867:Athos (Mont)
863:Athéna (Lac)
845:Arènes (Les)
824:Alicia (Lac)
802:
778:Perdu (Mont)
764:Mirador (Le)
750:Kiosque (Le)
706:
699:
678:
675:
668:
663:
628:
613:Studer (Val)
590:Marie (Port)
586:Margot (Lac)
524:
512:
494:, including
477:
474:
466:
456:
452:
431:
395:
382:
339:
325:ĂŽle Violette
301:Port d'Hiver
256:
241:Baie blanche
205:John Pringle
165:
159:
153:
146:
137:, navigator
132:
79:, after the
57:
45:
33:
18:
2669:Baie Rhodes
2624:Baie Larose
2338:Mont Tizard
2228:Mont Bungay
2092:Cape Kidder
2039:ĂŽle du Port
1989:ĂŽle de CroĂż
1974:ĂŽle Altazin
1873:Strasbourg.
1723:Verrou (Le)
1550:Renée (Lac)
1510:Podium (Le)
1384:MĂ©doc (Lac)
1360:Marais (Le)
1229:Glacé (Col)
1158:Étrave (L')
1124:Eaton (Lac)
1102:Doris (Lac)
1098:Donjon (Le)
816:Aglaé (Lac)
774:Perdu (Lac)
770:Niñas (Île)
720:Blanc (Lac)
609:Rosa (Port)
500:Mont Tizard
437:Baie Rhodes
315:ĂŽle du Port
135:1776 voyage
133:During his
83:in Brittany
71:Gros Ventre
2750:Categories
2715:Port-Bizet
2488:Lake Armor
2483:Lac Ampère
2318:Mont Werth
2293:Mont Pâris
2288:Mont Lyall
2248:DĂ´me Rouge
2218:Le Bicorne
2208:Mont Amery
2029:ĂŽle Longue
1994:ĂŽles Davis
1772:References
1763:Gravimètre
1758:Gravimètre
1565:Rhigi (Le)
1525:Proue (La)
1284:HĂ©ra (Lac)
1232:Godet (Le)
882:Aval (Lac)
480:expedition
478:Challenger
447:HMS Erebus
443:HMS Terror
410:ĂŽle Longue
296:Anse Betsy
231:George III
148:HMS Bounty
139:James Cook
122:Port-Louis
27:navigator
2698:Locations
2313:Mont Ross
2186:Mountains
2014:ĂŽle Haute
1897:cite book
1633:Styx (Le)
1092:DĂ´me (Le)
855:Arve (L')
527:Dr Börgen
496:Mont Ross
457:club-moss
420:ĂŽle Noire
415:ĂŽle Verte
349:, on the
327:, in the
109:, French
53:Louis XVI
2766:Toponymy
2352:Glaciers
2019:ĂŽle Howe
2004:ĂŽle Gaby
1999:ĂŽle Foch
1627:Soc (Le)
502:, after
180:ĂŽle Howe
89:, after
49:Louis XV
2756:Islands
1967:Islands
1765:and la
396:During
263:sealers
259:whalers
120:, then
2705:Molloy
2445:Clarée
1918:
1839:
1179:Fallot
25:Breton
2298:Pouce
660:(EPF)
317:, in
2435:Arve
1916:ISBN
1903:link
1837:ISBN
696:etc.
631:TAAF
475:The
261:and
19:The
639:IGN
455:),
2752::
1899:}}
1895:{{
1851:^
1780:^
510:.
486:'
237:).
1952:e
1945:t
1938:v
1924:.
1905:)
1845:.
641:,
422:,
360:)
113:.
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