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870:, and can happen over seas, bays, and lakes worldwide. Approximately 160 waterspouts are currently reported per year across Europe, with the Netherlands reporting the most at 60, followed by Spain and Italy at 25, and the United Kingdom at 15. They are most common in late summer. In the Northern Hemisphere, September has been pinpointed as the prime month of formation. Waterspouts are also frequently observed off the east coast of Australia, with several being described by
948:. While some waterspouts are strong and tornadic in nature, most are much weaker and caused by different atmospheric dynamics. They normally develop in moisture-laden environments as their parent clouds are in the process of development, and it is theorized they spin as they move up the surface boundary from the horizontal shear near the surface, and then stretch upwards to the cloud once the low-level shear vortex aligns with a developing cumulus cloud or
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water and all the way up into the cloud. Even if the waterspout stops spinning, the fish in the cloud can be carried over land, buffeted up and down and around with the cloud's winds until its currents no longer keep the fish airborne. Depending on how far they travel and how high they are taken into the atmosphere, the fish are sometimes dead by the time they rain down. People as far as 160 km (100 miles) inland have experienced
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1045:. Eventually, the waterspout becomes a visible funnel from the water surface to the overhead cloud. The spray vortex can rise to a height of several hundred feet or more, and often creates a visible wake and an associated wave train as it moves. Finally, the funnel and spray vortex begin to dissipate as the inflow of warm air into the vortex weakens, ending the waterspout's life cycle.
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1073:, but simply occurring over water. A tornado which travels from land to a body of water would also be considered a tornadic waterspout. Since the vast majority of mesocyclonic thunderstorms in the United States occur in land-locked areas, true tornadic waterspouts are correspondingly rarer than their fair-weather counterparts in that country. However, in some areas, such as the
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1113:. The term "winter waterspout" is used to differentiate between the common warm season waterspout and this rare winter season event. There are a couple of critical criteria for the formation of a winter waterspout. Very cold temperatures need to be present over a body of water, which is itself warm enough to produce
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Though the majority of waterspouts occur in the tropics, they can seasonally appear in temperate areas throughout the world, and are common across the western coast of Europe as well as the
British Isles and several areas of the Mediterranean and Baltic Sea. They are not restricted to saltwater; many
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Depending on how fast the winds from a waterspout are whipping, anything that is within about 90 cm (1 yard) of the surface of the water, including fish of different sizes, frogs, and even turtles, can be lifted into the air. A waterspout can sometimes suck small animals such as fish out of the
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occurring over water rather than land, known as a "tornadic", "supercellular", or "mesocyclonic" waterspout, and accurately a "tornado over water". A fair weather waterspout has a five-part life cycle: formation of a dark spot on the water surface; spiral pattern on the water surface; formation of a
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The
International Centre for Waterspout Research (ICWR) is a non-governmental organization of individuals from around the world who are interested in the field of waterspouts from a research, operational and safety perspective. Originally a forum for researchers and meteorologists, the ICWR has
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Waterspouts that are not associated with a rotating updraft of a supercell thunderstorm are known as "non-tornadic" or "fair-weather" waterspouts. By far the most common type of waterspout, these occur in coastal waters and are associated with dark, flat-bottomed, developing convective cumulus
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There was a commonly held belief among sailors in the 18th and 19th centuries that shooting a broadside cannon volley dispersed waterspouts. Among others, Captain
Vladimir Bronevskiy claims that it was a successful technique, having been an eyewitness to the dissipation of a phenomenon in the
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The
Szilagyi Waterspout Index (SWI), developed by Canadian meteorologist Wade Szilagyi, is used to predict conditions favorable for waterspout development. The SWI ranges from −10 to +10, where values greater than or equal to zero represent conditions favorable for waterspout development.
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There are five stages to a fair-weather waterspout life cycle. Initially, a prominent circular, light-colored disk appears on the surface of the water, surrounded by a larger dark area of indeterminate shape. After the formation of these colored disks on the water, a pattern of light- and
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Waterspouts have long been recognized as serious marine hazards. Stronger waterspouts pose a threat to watercraft, aircraft and people. It is recommended to keep a considerable distance from these phenomena, and to always be on alert through weather reports. The United States
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They are most frequently seen in tropical and sub-tropical climates, with upwards of 400 per year observed in the
Florida Keys. They typically move slowly, if at all, since the cloud to which they are attached is horizontally static, being formed by vertical
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were twin waterspouts that made landfall in western Sicily, ravaging the coast and countryside before ultimately dissipating back again over the sea. In August 2024, a waterspout has been reported by some witnesses of the sinking of the large yacht
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of waterspout, each formed by distinct mechanisms. The most common type is a weak vortex known as a "fair weather" or "non-tornadic" waterspout. The other less common type is simply a classic
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Waterspouts are more frequent within 100 km (60 mi) from the coast than farther out at sea. They are common along the southeast U.S. coast, especially off southern
Florida and the
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1633:"Antarctic Diary Part 4: The S.Y. Aurora's stay in Commonwealth Bay Adelie Land waiting for Dr Douglas Mawson and the Far East Party to return, working on the Marconi Wireless"
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towers. Fair-weather waterspouts develop and dissipate rapidly, having life cycles shorter than 20 minutes. They usually rate no higher than EF0 on the
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863:. They are fairly common on the Great Lakes during late summer and early fall, with a record 66+ waterspouts reported over just a seven-day period in 2003.
834:. Some are also found on the East Coast of the United States, and the coast of California. Although rare, waterspouts have been observed in connection with
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Michalis V. Sioutasa & Alexander G. Keul (February 2007). "Waterspouts of the
Adriatic, Ionian and Aegean Sea and their meteorological environment".
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The terms "snow devil" and "snownado" describe a different phenomenon: a snow vortex close to the surface with no parent cloud, similar to a
1017:. Fair-weather waterspouts are very similar in both appearance and mechanics to landspouts, and largely behave as such if they move ashore.
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Sioutas, M.; Szilagyi, W.; Keul, A. (2013). "Waterspout outbreaks over areas of Europe and North
America: Environment and predictability".
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events, winds focusing down the axis of long lakes enhance wind convergence and increase the likelihood of a winter waterspout developing.
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More than one waterspout can occur simultaneously in the same vicinity. In 2012, as many as nine simultaneous waterspouts were reported on
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off the coast of Sicily and might have been the cause or an aggravating circumstance. Seven people died while 15 of 22 were rescued.
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expanded interest and contribution from storm chasers, the media, the marine and aviation communities and from private individuals.
940:, where their environment is less than two kilometers in width. The cloud from which they develop can be as innocuous as a moderate
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in 1969. Two flares with smoke trails (near base of photograph) have been discharged to indicate wind direction and general speed.
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Incidents of waterspouts causing severe damage and casualties are rare; however, there have been several notable examples. The
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2520:"The International Centre For Waterspout Research (ICWR), "understanding our atmosphere through global cooperation.""
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1209:. Fish can also be sucked up from rivers, but raining fish is not a common weather phenomenon.
1065:"Tornadic waterspouts", also accurately referred to as "tornadoes over water", are formed from
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Waterspout filmed off
Anglesey, Wales, by an RAF Search and Rescue crew, 15 November 2010
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2175:"15 January 2009: Lake Champlain Sea Smoke, Steam Devils, and Waterspouts: Chapters IV and V"
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in the United States. In May 2021, at least five simultaneous waterspouts were filmed near
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2011:
1665:; G. Roff; B. R. Morton; K. Labas; G. Dietachmayer; M. McCumber; R. Penc (December 1991).
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of sea spray, called a "cascade", appears around the dark spot with what appears to be an
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dark-colored spiral bands develops from the dark spot on the water surface. Then, a dense
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2414:"It's Raining Fish: Unusual objects sometimes fall from the sky, courtesy of waterspouts"
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of 1551 was the earliest recorded occurrence of a deadly waterspout. It struck the
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1784:"Astonishing moment FIVE waterspouts are seen at the same time off NSW coast"
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in a manner essentially identical to land-based tornadoes in connection with
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Pictures of cold-core waterspouts over Lake
Michigan on 30 September 2006
2371:
Kennedy, Barbie Latza Nadeau, Christian Edwards, Niamh (21 August 2024).
1968:
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when waterspouts are likely or have been sighted over coastal waters, or
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2033:
Waylon G. Collins; Charles H. Paxton; Joseph H. Golden (February 2000).
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Schwiesow, R.L.; Cupp, R.E.; Sinclair, P.C.; Abbey, R.F. (April 1981).
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1353:. Cartography by Stroud, Mark. (1st ed.). New York: W.W. Norton.
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A waterspout has been proposed as a reason for the abandonment of the
2373:"Fifth body found in search for those missing from sunken superyacht"
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rather than the subduction/adduction interaction between colliding
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1889:
National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office (30 April 2008).
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1109:, is a rare instance of a waterspout forming under the base of a
2075:"Rare: Waterspout tornado came ashore in Palermo, Sicily, Italy"
795:; and ultimately, decay. Most waterspouts do not suck up water.
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504:
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2599:(in Russian). Тип. Императорской Росс. Акад. 1837. p. 322.
2035:"The 12 July 1995 Pinellas County, Florida, Tornado/Waterspout"
1856:"Using the WSR-88D to Predict East Central Florida Waterspouts"
1114:
988:
Non-tornadic waterspouts seen from the beach at Kijkduin near
599:
2339:"A Waterspout Was Seen When a Luxury Yacht Sank. What Is It?"
2283:. Melbourne, FL: Southern Region Headquarters. Archived from
2010:. Melbourne, FL: Southern Region Headquarters. Archived from
1085:, tornadic waterspouts can make up half of the total number.
2275:
National Weather Service Forecast Office (25 January 2007).
2173:
National Weather Service Forecast Office (3 February 2009).
2002:
National Weather Service Forecast Office (25 January 2007).
1528:"Waterspout Velocity Measurements by Airborne Doppler Lidar"
1390:"A Comprehensive Glossary of Weather: Waterspout definition"
2060:
10.1175/1520-0434(2000)015<0122:TJPCFT>2.0.CO;2
1553:
10.1175/1520-0450(1981)020<0341:WVMBAD>2.0.CO;2
2277:"Graphical Hazardous Weather Outlook: Waterspout Threat"
2004:"Graphical Hazardous Weather Outlook: Waterspout Threat"
1181:
and numerous boats, and claiming hundreds of lives. The
70:. For the performance act of regurgitating fluids, see
42:
2523:
855:
have been reported on lakes and rivers including the
1807:
The Endeavour Journal of Sir Joseph Banks, 1768–1771
1061:, caused by a severe thunderstorm, 15 July 2005
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1602:"Several waterspouts filmed on Lake Michigan in US"
1121:above the water's surface. Like the more efficient
2243:
1346:
1032:Five stages of a fair-weather waterspout lifecycle
956:, have been shown to develop in a similar manner.
2547:The Universal Magazine of Knowledge and Pleasure
1777:
1775:
1710:"Rare waterspout forms in Montreal during storm"
1349:Extreme weather : a guide & record book
59:Vortex or tornado occurring over a body of water
2671:. International Centre for Waterspout Research.
2184:. Burlington, VT: Eastern Region Headquarters.
1708:Canadian Television News Staff (23 July 2008).
1596:
1594:
1166:when waterspouts are expected to move onshore.
770:is a rotating column of air that occurs over a
3785:List of atmospheric pressure records in Europe
1929:National Weather Service (12 September 2002).
3230:
2994:
2729:
2612:Mary Celeste: The Greatest Mystery of the Sea
747:
8:
2392:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1901:Central Region Headquarters. Archived from
62:For a pipe carrying water from a roof, see
26:
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1551:
4069:South-West Indian Ocean tropical cyclone
2580:The Adventures of Captain Robert Johnson
2458:. Landshut – GERMANY. pp. 129–130.
2456:5th European Conference on Severe Storms
1962:
1960:
32:This is an accepted version of this page
1849:
1847:
1744:"The Great Waterspout Outbreak of 2003"
1501:Jessica Hamilton Young (17 July 2016).
1451:Keith C. Heidorn. Islandnet.com (ed.).
1334:
880:
102:
28:
2695:10.1038/scientificamerican12251880-407
2385:
1924:
1922:
1920:
1794:from the original on 11 February 2022.
1737:
1735:
1503:"Waterspout comes ashore in Galveston"
1340:
1338:
1832:from the original on 11 February 2021
1720:from the original on 11 February 2022
1569:"Waterspout wows Tel Aviv waterfront"
1515:from the original on 28 October 2016.
1057:Tornadic waterspout off the coast of
890:A family of four waterspouts seen on
791:spray ring; development of a visible
7:
2818:Tropical cyclones and climate change
2596:Naval Memoirs of Vladimir Brovevskiy
2563:American Journal of Science and Arts
2465:from the original on 1 November 2023
2445:"A Waterspout Forecasting Technique"
2256:from the original on 12 January 2022
2191:from the original on 27 January 2017
1931:"Basic Spotter Training Version 1.2"
1891:"Threat Definitions for Waterspouts"
1760:from the original on 21 October 2005
1579:from the original on 11 January 2015
1400:from the original on 8 February 2022
4042:Mediterranean tropical-like cyclone
4035:North Indian Ocean tropical cyclone
3968:Mediterranean tropical-like cyclone
3851:East Asian-northwest Pacific storms
2550:. Vol. 6–7. 1750. p. 154.
2318:from the original on 1 October 2015
2223:from the original on 30 August 2022
2085:from the original on 29 August 2020
1967:Bruce B. Smith (22 February 2007).
1631:Taylor, Stanley (13 January 1913).
4130:Upper tropospheric cyclonic vortex
4076:Australian region tropical cyclone
2443:Szilagyi, W. (15 September 2009).
2412:Susan Cosier (17 September 2006).
1643:from the original on 28 March 2012
1612:from the original on 29 April 2021
1432:from the original on 27 March 2012
57:
2566:. S. Converse. 1849. p. 266.
2308:"Claude de la Sengle (1494–1557)"
2154:from the original on 1 April 2008
1983:from the original on 7 April 2019
1854:Choy, Barry K.; Spratt, Scott M.
806:areas, they are also reported in
798:While waterspouts form mostly in
4351:
4337:
3293:
2424:from the original on 21 May 2011
1292:
1278:
952:. Some weak tornadoes, known as
915:
899:
883:
778:in contact with the water and a
723:
4090:South Atlantic tropical cyclone
4049:Black Sea tropical-like cyclone
2652:south coast tornadic waterspout
2337:Sampson, Eve (20 August 2024).
2106:Journal of Atmospheric Research
1941:. pp. 4–24. Archived from
1809:. University of Sydney Library.
1742:Wade Szilagyi (December 2004).
1694:10.1175/1520-0493-119-12-2740.1
1255:during the 1806 campaign under
4083:South Pacific tropical cyclone
3846:Continental North Asian storms
2506:10.1016/j.atmosres.2012.09.013
2418:Scienceline (Physical Science)
2242:Auslan Cramb (7 August 2003).
2126:10.1016/j.atmosres.2005.08.009
1782:Elizabeth Daoud (4 May 2021).
1667:"A Great Salt Lake Waterspout"
1567:Lewis, Avi (3 November 2014).
1532:Journal of Applied Meteorology
1:
4380:Severe weather and convection
2689:(26): 407. 25 December 1880.
1979:Central Region Headquarters.
1820:Gibson, Jano (14 June 2007).
906:Four waterspouts seen in the
830:, and on rare occasions, the
66:. For regrowth on trees, see
4344:Tropical cyclones portal
3385:Great Sheffield Gale of 1962
3325:Moray Firth fishing disaster
2868:Ridiculously Resilient Ridge
2245:"Water Spout Hit Helicopter"
1752:. Vol. 48, no. 3.
967:, off the northern coast of
4194:Mesoscale convective vortex
4176:Mesoscale convective system
3778:List of European windstorms
3195:Pacific Northwest windstorm
1457:The Weather Doctor Almanach
1221:Illustration from the book
1200:Rain of animals § Fish
651:Severe weather terminology
113:Temperate and polar seasons
4411:
2685:. Historical perspective.
2583:. Thomas Tegg. p. B2.
1897:. Milwaukee/Sullivan, WI:
1345:Burt, Christopher (2004).
1197:
1177:of Valletta, sinking four
783:
61:
4331:
3958:Australian east coast Low
3901:Australian east coast low
3441:1992 New Year's Day Storm
3291:
3214:
2978:
2216:International Cloud Atlas
1826:The Sydney Morning Herald
874:during the voyage of the
774:, usually appearing as a
3469:Boxing Day Storm of 1998
3462:Christmas Eve storm 1997
2798:Annular tropical cyclone
1977:National Weather Service
1899:National Weather Service
1223:The Philosophy of Storms
1213:Research and forecasting
1156:National Weather Service
39:latest accepted revision
4258:Multiple-vortex tornado
3697:Friederike (David) 2018
3690:Eleanor (Burglind) 2018
3413:December 1981 windstorm
3371:North Sea flood of 1953
3284:Christmas Flood of 1717
2677:"Sand and Water spouts"
2577:Robert Johnson (1810).
2039:Weather and Forecasting
1822:"Waterspout off Sydney"
1160:special marine warnings
936:Waterspouts exist on a
894:, 9 September 1999
4199:Line echo wave pattern
4153:Mesoscale ocean eddies
3922:Southern Ocean cyclone
3010:Extratropical cyclones
2803:Bar (tropical cyclone)
2793:Central dense overcast
2707:Monthly Weather Review
2669:"Waterspout forecasts"
2079:Disasters News channel
1805:Banks, Joseph (1997).
1679:(12). AMS: 2741–2770.
1672:Monthly Weather Review
1226:
1150:
1062:
1033:
997:
926:, 29 January 2009
712:Tropical cyclone terms
88:
3571:Friedhelm/Bawbag 2011
3434:Burns' Day storm 1990
3318:Night of the Big Wind
3039:Post-tropical cyclone
2788:Rapid intensification
2702:"A Winter Waterspout"
1482:What Is a Waterspout?
1220:
1183:1851 Sicily tornadoes
1148:
1056:
1031:
1003:Enhanced Fujita scale
996:, 27 August 2006
987:
319:Extratropical cyclone
243:Air-mass thunderstorm
82:
4358:Tornadoes portal
4268:Anticyclonic tornado
4236:Low-topped supercell
4014:Cape Verde hurricane
3406:Gale of January 1976
2650:approaching the NSW
2618:. pp. 140–146.
2486:Atmospheric Research
2312:islalocalcouncil.com
2093:– via YouTube.
1749:Mariners Weather Log
1071:severe thunderstorms
1059:Punta Gorda, Florida
679:Weather modification
277:Anticyclonic tornado
4060:Southern Hemisphere
3998:Northern Hemisphere
3886:Southern Hemisphere
3841:Western Disturbance
3655:Thomas (Doris) 2017
3427:Great storm of 1987
3392:1968 Scotland storm
3332:Tay Bridge disaster
3311:Great Storm of 1824
3277:Great Storm of 1703
3247:European windstorms
3076:Northern Hemisphere
2894:South Atlantic High
2882:Southern Hemisphere
2858:North American High
2836:Northern Hemisphere
2682:Scientific American
2614:. Harlow, England:
2610:Begg, Paul (2007).
2498:2013AtmRe.123..167S
2118:2007AtmRe..83..542S
2051:2000WtFor..15..122C
2014:on 19 December 2005
1685:1991MWRv..119.2741S
1573:The Times of Israel
1544:1981JApMe..20..341S
1251:aboard the frigate
1225:, published in 1841
1097:, also known as an
944:, or as great as a
839:precipitation bands
814:(the Middle East),
793:condensation funnel
776:funnel-shaped cloud
674:Weather forecasting
510:Rain and snow mixed
336:Subtropical cyclone
29:Page version status
18:Tornadic waterspout
4007:Atlantic hurricane
3963:Lake Huron cyclone
3024:Anticyclonic storm
2899:South Pacific High
2863:North Pacific High
2778:High-pressure area
2768:Anticyclonic storm
2644:series of pictures
2420:. NYU Journalism.
2343:The New York Times
1905:on 9 November 2012
1608:. 20 August 2012.
1227:
1151:
1063:
1034:
998:
922:Waterspout in the
910:, 5 June 2009
861:St. Lawrence River
730:Weather portal
346:Atlantic hurricane
324:European windstorm
231:Volcanic lightning
192:Cumulonimbus cloud
89:
83:A waterspout near
35:
4367:
4366:
4327:
4326:
4323:
4322:
4319:
4318:
4263:Satellite tornado
4138:
4137:
4103:
4102:
4099:
4098:
4023:Pacific hurricane
3939:
3938:
3935:
3934:
3880:
3879:
3824:
3823:
3794:
3793:
3339:Eyemouth disaster
3255:14th-18th century
3203:
3202:
3163:
3162:
3044:Low-pressure area
2922:
2921:
2914:Subtropical ridge
2873:Subtropical ridge
2783:Low-pressure area
2753:Centers of action
2664:on 10 March 2007.
2625:978-1-4058-3621-0
2616:Pearson Education
2287:on 1 October 2006
2150:. 14 April 2003.
2081:. 6 August 2020.
1945:on 9 October 2007
1870:on 5 October 2006
1508:Houston Chronicle
1158:will often issue
1095:winter waterspout
1029:
1011:convective action
782:cloud. There are
764:
763:
16:(Redirected from
4402:
4356:
4355:
4354:
4342:
4341:
4340:
4216:
4149:
4092:
4085:
4078:
4071:
4061:
4051:
4044:
4037:
4025:
4016:
4009:
3999:
3994:
3906:Black nor'easter
3891:
3887:
3806:Black Sea storms
3787:
3780:
3762:
3755:
3748:
3741:
3734:
3727:
3720:
3713:
3706:
3699:
3692:
3685:
3678:
3671:
3664:
3657:
3650:
3643:
3636:
3629:
3622:
3615:
3608:
3601:
3594:
3587:
3580:
3573:
3566:
3559:
3552:
3545:
3538:
3531:
3524:
3517:
3510:
3492:
3485:
3478:
3471:
3464:
3457:
3450:
3448:Braer Storm 1993
3443:
3436:
3429:
3422:
3415:
3408:
3401:
3394:
3387:
3380:
3373:
3366:
3359:
3341:
3334:
3327:
3320:
3313:
3297:
3286:
3279:
3272:
3265:
3249:
3239:
3232:
3225:
3216:
3212:
3156:
3149:
3131:
3124:
3117:
3110:
3097:
3090:
3086:
3081:
3077:
3003:
2996:
2989:
2980:
2953:
2949:
2944:
2940:
2933:
2889:South Polar High
2843:North Polar High
2833:
2738:
2731:
2724:
2715:
2710:, February 1907.
2698:
2672:
2660:. Archived from
2630:
2629:
2607:
2601:
2600:
2591:
2585:
2584:
2574:
2568:
2567:
2558:
2552:
2551:
2542:
2536:
2535:
2533:
2531:
2522:. Archived from
2516:
2510:
2509:
2481:
2475:
2474:
2472:
2470:
2464:
2449:
2440:
2434:
2433:
2431:
2429:
2409:
2398:
2397:
2391:
2383:
2381:
2379:
2368:
2362:
2361:
2359:
2357:
2334:
2328:
2327:
2325:
2323:
2303:
2297:
2296:
2294:
2292:
2272:
2266:
2265:
2263:
2261:
2247:
2239:
2233:
2232:
2230:
2228:
2207:
2201:
2200:
2198:
2196:
2190:
2179:
2170:
2164:
2163:
2161:
2159:
2144:The Buffalo News
2136:
2130:
2129:
2112:(2–4): 542–557.
2101:
2095:
2094:
2092:
2090:
2071:
2065:
2064:
2062:
2030:
2024:
2023:
2021:
2019:
1999:
1993:
1992:
1990:
1988:
1964:
1955:
1954:
1952:
1950:
1937:. Key West, FL:
1926:
1915:
1914:
1912:
1910:
1886:
1880:
1879:
1877:
1875:
1866:. Archived from
1851:
1842:
1841:
1839:
1837:
1817:
1811:
1810:
1802:
1796:
1795:
1779:
1770:
1769:
1767:
1765:
1739:
1730:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1705:
1699:
1698:
1696:
1659:
1653:
1652:
1650:
1648:
1628:
1622:
1621:
1619:
1617:
1598:
1589:
1588:
1586:
1584:
1564:
1558:
1557:
1555:
1523:
1517:
1516:
1498:
1492:
1479:
1473:
1472:
1470:
1468:
1459:. Archived from
1453:"Water Twisters"
1448:
1442:
1441:
1439:
1437:
1416:
1410:
1409:
1407:
1405:
1386:
1373:
1372:
1352:
1342:
1302:
1297:
1296:
1288:
1286:Tornadoes portal
1283:
1282:
1281:
1257:Admiral Senyavin
1164:tornado warnings
1123:lake-effect snow
1030:
919:
903:
887:
836:lake-effect snow
756:
749:
742:
728:
727:
341:Tropical cyclone
253:Dry thunderstorm
148:Tropical seasons
91:
21:
4410:
4409:
4405:
4404:
4403:
4401:
4400:
4399:
4395:Weather hazards
4370:
4369:
4368:
4363:
4352:
4350:
4338:
4336:
4315:
4284:
4205:
4170:
4134:
4095:
4088:
4081:
4074:
4067:
4059:
4054:
4047:
4040:
4033:
4021:
4012:
4005:
3997:
3985:
3977:
3931:
3910:
3885:
3876:
3855:
3820:
3790:
3783:
3776:
3765:
3758:
3751:
3744:
3737:
3730:
3723:
3716:
3709:
3702:
3695:
3688:
3681:
3674:
3667:
3660:
3653:
3646:
3639:
3632:
3625:
3618:
3611:
3604:
3597:
3590:
3583:
3576:
3569:
3562:
3555:
3548:
3541:
3534:
3527:
3520:
3513:
3506:
3495:
3488:
3481:
3474:
3467:
3460:
3453:
3446:
3439:
3432:
3425:
3418:
3411:
3404:
3397:
3390:
3383:
3376:
3369:
3362:
3355:
3344:
3337:
3330:
3323:
3316:
3309:
3298:
3289:
3282:
3275:
3270:Burchardi flood
3268:
3263:Grote Mandrenke
3261:
3250:
3245:
3243:
3199:
3159:
3152:
3145:
3134:
3127:
3122:Great basin low
3120:
3113:
3108:Alberta clipper
3106:
3084:
3075:
3070:
3012:
3007:
2974:
2970:South Polar low
2965:North Polar low
2947:
2936:
2918:
2909:Australian High
2877:
2822:
2756:
2742:
2675:
2667:
2639:
2634:
2633:
2626:
2609:
2608:
2604:
2593:
2592:
2588:
2576:
2575:
2571:
2560:
2559:
2555:
2544:
2543:
2539:
2529:
2527:
2526:on 5 April 2012
2518:
2517:
2513:
2483:
2482:
2478:
2468:
2466:
2462:
2447:
2442:
2441:
2437:
2427:
2425:
2411:
2410:
2401:
2384:
2377:
2375:
2370:
2369:
2365:
2355:
2353:
2336:
2335:
2331:
2321:
2319:
2305:
2304:
2300:
2290:
2288:
2281:srh.weather.gov
2274:
2273:
2269:
2259:
2257:
2241:
2240:
2236:
2226:
2224:
2209:
2208:
2204:
2194:
2192:
2188:
2177:
2172:
2171:
2167:
2157:
2155:
2138:
2137:
2133:
2103:
2102:
2098:
2088:
2086:
2073:
2072:
2068:
2032:
2031:
2027:
2017:
2015:
2001:
2000:
1996:
1986:
1984:
1966:
1965:
1958:
1948:
1946:
1928:
1927:
1918:
1908:
1906:
1888:
1887:
1883:
1873:
1871:
1853:
1852:
1845:
1835:
1833:
1819:
1818:
1814:
1804:
1803:
1799:
1781:
1780:
1773:
1763:
1761:
1741:
1740:
1733:
1723:
1721:
1707:
1706:
1702:
1661:
1660:
1656:
1646:
1644:
1637:Antarctic Diary
1630:
1629:
1625:
1615:
1613:
1600:
1599:
1592:
1582:
1580:
1566:
1565:
1561:
1525:
1524:
1520:
1500:
1499:
1495:
1486:Weather Channel
1480:
1476:
1466:
1464:
1450:
1449:
1445:
1435:
1433:
1418:
1417:
1413:
1403:
1401:
1388:
1387:
1376:
1361:
1344:
1343:
1336:
1331:
1298:
1291:
1284:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1240:
1215:
1202:
1196:
1143:
1138:
1091:
1051:
1020:
982:
977:
969:New South Wales
934:
927:
920:
911:
904:
895:
888:
852:
847:
845:Characteristics
832:Great Salt Lake
760:
722:
717:
716:
692:
684:
683:
542:
532:
531:
444:
434:
433:
422:Ground blizzard
182:
172:
171:
150:
140:
139:
115:
75:
60:
55:
54:
53:
52:
51:
50:
34:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4408:
4406:
4398:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4372:
4371:
4365:
4364:
4362:
4361:
4347:
4332:
4329:
4328:
4325:
4324:
4321:
4320:
4317:
4316:
4314:
4313:
4308:
4303:
4298:
4292:
4290:
4286:
4285:
4283:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4271:
4270:
4265:
4260:
4250:
4245:
4244:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4222:
4220:
4213:
4207:
4206:
4204:
4203:
4202:
4201:
4191:
4186:
4180:
4178:
4172:
4171:
4169:
4168:
4163:
4157:
4155:
4146:
4140:
4139:
4136:
4135:
4133:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4111:
4109:
4105:
4104:
4101:
4100:
4097:
4096:
4094:
4093:
4086:
4079:
4072:
4064:
4062:
4056:
4055:
4053:
4052:
4045:
4038:
4031:
4026:
4019:
4018:
4017:
4002:
4000:
3991:
3979:
3978:
3976:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3949:
3947:
3941:
3940:
3937:
3936:
3933:
3932:
3930:
3929:
3924:
3918:
3916:
3912:
3911:
3909:
3908:
3903:
3897:
3895:
3888:
3882:
3881:
3878:
3877:
3875:
3874:
3869:
3863:
3861:
3857:
3856:
3854:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3832:
3830:
3826:
3825:
3822:
3821:
3819:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3802:
3800:
3796:
3795:
3792:
3791:
3789:
3788:
3781:
3773:
3771:
3767:
3766:
3764:
3763:
3756:
3749:
3742:
3735:
3728:
3721:
3714:
3707:
3700:
3693:
3686:
3679:
3672:
3665:
3658:
3651:
3644:
3637:
3630:
3627:Christina 2014
3623:
3616:
3609:
3602:
3595:
3588:
3581:
3574:
3567:
3560:
3553:
3546:
3539:
3532:
3525:
3518:
3511:
3503:
3501:
3497:
3496:
3494:
3493:
3486:
3479:
3472:
3465:
3458:
3451:
3444:
3437:
3430:
3423:
3416:
3409:
3402:
3399:Quimburga 1972
3395:
3388:
3381:
3374:
3367:
3360:
3352:
3350:
3346:
3345:
3343:
3342:
3335:
3328:
3321:
3314:
3306:
3304:
3300:
3299:
3292:
3290:
3288:
3287:
3280:
3273:
3266:
3258:
3256:
3252:
3251:
3244:
3242:
3241:
3234:
3227:
3219:
3209:
3205:
3204:
3201:
3200:
3198:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3171:
3169:
3165:
3164:
3161:
3160:
3158:
3157:
3150:
3147:Panhandle hook
3142:
3140:
3136:
3135:
3133:
3132:
3125:
3118:
3111:
3103:
3101:
3094:
3087:
3078:
3072:
3071:
3069:
3068:
3063:
3062:
3061:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3020:
3018:
3014:
3013:
3008:
3006:
3005:
2998:
2991:
2983:
2976:
2975:
2973:
2972:
2967:
2961:
2959:
2950:
2941:
2938:Synoptic scale
2930:
2924:
2923:
2920:
2919:
2917:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2885:
2883:
2879:
2878:
2876:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2839:
2837:
2830:
2824:
2823:
2821:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2764:
2762:
2758:
2757:
2751:of the world (
2743:
2741:
2740:
2733:
2726:
2718:
2712:
2711:
2699:
2673:
2665:
2655:
2646:from the boat
2638:
2637:External links
2635:
2632:
2631:
2624:
2602:
2586:
2569:
2553:
2537:
2511:
2476:
2435:
2399:
2363:
2329:
2298:
2267:
2234:
2202:
2165:
2131:
2096:
2066:
2045:(1): 122–134.
2025:
1994:
1956:
1916:
1881:
1843:
1812:
1797:
1771:
1731:
1700:
1663:Joanne Simpson
1654:
1623:
1590:
1559:
1538:(4): 341–348.
1518:
1493:
1474:
1463:on 19 May 2012
1443:
1411:
1394:geographic.org
1374:
1360:978-0393326581
1359:
1333:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1326:
1325:
1323:Tornadogenesis
1320:
1315:
1310:
1304:
1303:
1300:Weather portal
1289:
1273:
1270:
1239:
1236:
1214:
1211:
1195:
1192:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1090:
1087:
1050:
1047:
981:
978:
976:
973:
933:
930:
929:
928:
921:
914:
912:
905:
898:
896:
889:
882:
851:
848:
846:
843:
762:
761:
759:
758:
751:
744:
736:
733:
732:
719:
718:
715:
714:
709:
704:
702:Climate change
699:
693:
690:
689:
686:
685:
682:
681:
676:
671:
670:
669:
668:
667:
662:
657:
649:
644:
637:Severe weather
634:
629:
624:
619:
614:
613:
612:
607:
597:
596:
595:
585:
580:
579:
578:
573:
568:
563:
555:
554:
549:
543:
538:
537:
534:
533:
530:
529:
528:
527:
522:
517:
512:
502:
497:
496:
495:
485:
480:
475:
474:
473:
471:Megacryometeor
463:
458:
457:
456:
445:
440:
439:
436:
435:
432:
431:
430:
429:
424:
419:
414:
404:
399:
394:
389:
388:
387:
377:
376:
375:
370:
360:
355:
354:
353:
348:
338:
333:
332:
331:
326:
316:
311:
306:
301:
296:
291:
290:
289:
284:
279:
269:
268:
267:
257:
256:
255:
250:
245:
235:
234:
233:
223:
222:
221:
216:
211:
201:
200:
199:
194:
183:
178:
177:
174:
173:
170:
169:
164:
163:
162:
151:
146:
145:
142:
141:
138:
137:
132:
127:
122:
116:
111:
110:
107:
106:
100:
99:
72:Water spouting
58:
56:
47:29 August 2024
36:
30:
27:
25:
24:
23:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4407:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4377:
4375:
4360:
4359:
4348:
4346:
4345:
4334:
4333:
4330:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4293:
4291:
4287:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4255:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4228:
4227:
4224:
4223:
4221:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4208:
4200:
4197:
4196:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4181:
4179:
4177:
4173:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4161:Catalina eddy
4159:
4158:
4156:
4154:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4141:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4115:Cold-core low
4113:
4112:
4110:
4106:
4091:
4087:
4084:
4080:
4077:
4073:
4070:
4066:
4065:
4063:
4057:
4050:
4046:
4043:
4039:
4036:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4024:
4020:
4015:
4011:
4010:
4008:
4004:
4003:
4001:
3995:
3992:
3989:
3984:
3980:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3950:
3948:
3946:
3942:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3919:
3917:
3913:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3898:
3896:
3892:
3889:
3883:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3864:
3862:
3858:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3833:
3831:
3827:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3811:Icelandic Low
3809:
3807:
3804:
3803:
3801:
3797:
3786:
3782:
3779:
3775:
3774:
3772:
3768:
3761:
3757:
3754:
3750:
3747:
3743:
3740:
3736:
3733:
3729:
3726:
3722:
3719:
3715:
3712:
3708:
3705:
3701:
3698:
3694:
3691:
3687:
3684:
3680:
3677:
3673:
3670:
3666:
3663:
3659:
3656:
3652:
3649:
3645:
3642:
3638:
3635:
3631:
3628:
3624:
3621:
3617:
3614:
3610:
3607:
3603:
3600:
3596:
3593:
3589:
3586:
3582:
3579:
3575:
3572:
3568:
3565:
3561:
3558:
3554:
3551:
3547:
3544:
3540:
3537:
3533:
3530:
3526:
3523:
3519:
3516:
3512:
3509:
3505:
3504:
3502:
3498:
3491:
3487:
3484:
3480:
3477:
3473:
3470:
3466:
3463:
3459:
3456:
3452:
3449:
3445:
3442:
3438:
3435:
3431:
3428:
3424:
3421:
3417:
3414:
3410:
3407:
3403:
3400:
3396:
3393:
3389:
3386:
3382:
3379:
3375:
3372:
3368:
3365:
3361:
3358:
3354:
3353:
3351:
3347:
3340:
3336:
3333:
3329:
3326:
3322:
3319:
3315:
3312:
3308:
3307:
3305:
3301:
3296:
3285:
3281:
3278:
3274:
3271:
3267:
3264:
3260:
3259:
3257:
3253:
3248:
3240:
3235:
3233:
3228:
3226:
3221:
3220:
3217:
3213:
3210:
3206:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3172:
3170:
3166:
3155:
3154:November gale
3151:
3148:
3144:
3143:
3141:
3137:
3130:
3126:
3123:
3119:
3116:
3112:
3109:
3105:
3104:
3102:
3098:
3095:
3091:
3088:
3085:North America
3082:
3079:
3073:
3067:
3064:
3060:
3057:
3056:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3021:
3019:
3015:
3011:
3004:
2999:
2997:
2992:
2990:
2985:
2984:
2981:
2977:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2962:
2960:
2958:
2954:
2951:
2948:Surface-based
2945:
2942:
2939:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2925:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2904:Kalahari High
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2886:
2884:
2880:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2848:Siberian High
2846:
2844:
2841:
2840:
2838:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2825:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2765:
2763:
2759:
2754:
2750:
2746:
2739:
2734:
2732:
2727:
2725:
2720:
2719:
2716:
2709:
2708:
2703:
2700:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2683:
2678:
2674:
2670:
2666:
2663:
2659:
2656:
2653:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2640:
2636:
2627:
2621:
2617:
2613:
2606:
2603:
2598:
2597:
2590:
2587:
2582:
2581:
2573:
2570:
2565:
2564:
2557:
2554:
2549:
2548:
2541:
2538:
2525:
2521:
2515:
2512:
2507:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2487:
2480:
2477:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2446:
2439:
2436:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2408:
2406:
2404:
2400:
2395:
2389:
2374:
2367:
2364:
2352:
2348:
2344:
2340:
2333:
2330:
2317:
2313:
2309:
2302:
2299:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2271:
2268:
2255:
2251:
2250:The Telegraph
2246:
2238:
2235:
2222:
2218:
2217:
2212:
2206:
2203:
2187:
2183:
2176:
2169:
2166:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2140:"Waterspouts"
2135:
2132:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2100:
2097:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2070:
2067:
2061:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2029:
2026:
2013:
2009:
2005:
1998:
1995:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1969:"Waterspouts"
1963:
1961:
1957:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1925:
1923:
1921:
1917:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1885:
1882:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1850:
1848:
1844:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1816:
1813:
1808:
1801:
1798:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1778:
1776:
1772:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1750:
1745:
1738:
1736:
1732:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1704:
1701:
1695:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1673:
1668:
1664:
1658:
1655:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1627:
1624:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1597:
1595:
1591:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1563:
1560:
1554:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1522:
1519:
1514:
1510:
1509:
1504:
1497:
1494:
1490:
1487:
1483:
1478:
1475:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1447:
1444:
1431:
1427:
1426:
1421:
1415:
1412:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1385:
1383:
1381:
1379:
1375:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1356:
1351:
1350:
1341:
1339:
1335:
1328:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1305:
1301:
1295:
1290:
1287:
1276:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1266:
1260:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1237:
1235:
1231:
1224:
1219:
1212:
1210:
1208:
1201:
1193:
1191:
1189:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1175:Grand Harbour
1172:
1171:Malta tornado
1167:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1147:
1140:
1135:
1133:
1131:
1126:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1088:
1086:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1060:
1055:
1048:
1046:
1044:
1040:
1018:
1016:
1012:
1006:
1004:
995:
991:
986:
979:
974:
972:
971:, Australia.
970:
966:
962:
961:Lake Michigan
957:
955:
951:
947:
943:
939:
931:
925:
918:
913:
909:
902:
897:
893:
886:
881:
879:
877:
873:
869:
864:
862:
858:
849:
844:
842:
840:
837:
833:
829:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
796:
794:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
772:body of water
769:
757:
752:
750:
745:
743:
738:
737:
735:
734:
731:
726:
721:
720:
713:
710:
708:
707:Tornado terms
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
694:
688:
687:
680:
677:
675:
672:
666:
665:United States
663:
661:
658:
656:
653:
652:
650:
648:
645:
643:
640:
639:
638:
635:
633:
630:
628:
625:
623:
620:
618:
615:
611:
608:
606:
603:
602:
601:
598:
594:
591:
590:
589:
586:
584:
581:
577:
574:
572:
569:
567:
564:
562:
559:
558:
557:
556:
553:
550:
548:
547:Air pollution
545:
544:
541:
536:
535:
526:
523:
521:
518:
516:
513:
511:
508:
507:
506:
503:
501:
498:
494:
491:
490:
489:
486:
484:
481:
479:
476:
472:
469:
468:
467:
464:
462:
459:
455:
452:
451:
450:
447:
446:
443:
442:Precipitation
438:
437:
428:
425:
423:
420:
418:
415:
413:
410:
409:
408:
405:
403:
400:
398:
395:
393:
390:
386:
383:
382:
381:
378:
374:
371:
369:
366:
365:
364:
361:
359:
356:
352:
349:
347:
344:
343:
342:
339:
337:
334:
330:
327:
325:
322:
321:
320:
317:
315:
312:
310:
307:
305:
302:
300:
297:
295:
292:
288:
285:
283:
280:
278:
275:
274:
273:
270:
266:
263:
262:
261:
258:
254:
251:
249:
246:
244:
241:
240:
239:
236:
232:
229:
228:
227:
224:
220:
217:
215:
212:
210:
207:
206:
205:
202:
198:
195:
193:
190:
189:
188:
185:
184:
181:
176:
175:
168:
165:
161:
158:
157:
156:
153:
152:
149:
144:
143:
136:
133:
131:
128:
126:
123:
121:
118:
117:
114:
109:
108:
105:
101:
97:
93:
92:
86:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
48:
44:
40:
33:
19:
4349:
4335:
4279:
4248:Funnel cloud
4166:Haida Eddies
4125:Polar vortex
3683:Herwart 2017
3676:Ophelia 2017
3599:St Jude 2013
3578:Joachim 2011
3557:Xynthia 2010
3515:Jeanett 2002
3500:21st century
3420:Charley 1986
3357:Ulysses 1903
3349:20th century
3303:19th century
3180:Hatteras low
3175:Aleutian Low
3115:Colorado low
3049:Weather bomb
2749:anticyclones
2705:
2686:
2680:
2662:the original
2647:
2611:
2605:
2595:
2589:
2579:
2572:
2562:
2556:
2546:
2540:
2528:. Retrieved
2524:the original
2514:
2489:
2485:
2479:
2467:. Retrieved
2451:
2438:
2426:. Retrieved
2417:
2376:. Retrieved
2366:
2354:. Retrieved
2342:
2332:
2320:. Retrieved
2311:
2306:Abela, Joe.
2301:
2289:. Retrieved
2285:the original
2280:
2270:
2258:. Retrieved
2249:
2237:
2225:. Retrieved
2214:
2211:"Snow Devil"
2205:
2193:. Retrieved
2181:
2168:
2156:. Retrieved
2148:SUNY Buffalo
2143:
2134:
2109:
2105:
2099:
2087:. Retrieved
2078:
2069:
2042:
2038:
2028:
2016:. Retrieved
2012:the original
2008:srh.noaa.gov
2007:
1997:
1985:. Retrieved
1972:
1947:. Retrieved
1943:the original
1935:srh.noaa.gov
1934:
1907:. Retrieved
1903:the original
1895:crh.noaa.gov
1894:
1884:
1872:. Retrieved
1868:the original
1860:srh.noaa.gov
1859:
1834:. Retrieved
1825:
1815:
1806:
1800:
1788:7news.com.au
1787:
1762:. Retrieved
1747:
1722:. Retrieved
1713:
1703:
1676:
1670:
1657:
1645:. Retrieved
1636:
1626:
1614:. Retrieved
1605:
1581:. Retrieved
1572:
1562:
1535:
1531:
1521:
1506:
1496:
1477:
1465:. Retrieved
1461:the original
1456:
1446:
1434:. Retrieved
1423:
1420:"Waterspout"
1414:
1402:. Retrieved
1393:
1348:
1313:Funnel cloud
1265:Mary Celeste
1263:
1261:
1252:
1241:
1232:
1228:
1222:
1207:raining fish
1203:
1168:
1152:
1127:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1092:
1067:mesocyclones
1064:
1035:
1007:
999:
980:Non-tornadic
958:
950:thunderstorm
935:
908:Florida Keys
872:Joseph Banks
865:
853:
812:Western Asia
797:
767:
765:
483:Diamond dust
407:Winter storm
286:
238:Thunderstorm
76:
68:Water sprout
46:
37:This is the
31:
4306:Steam devil
4226:Mesocyclone
4120:Cut-off low
4108:Upper level
3945:Subtropical
3915:Other areas
3860:Other areas
3836:Asiatic Low
3760:Ciarán 2023
3746:Larisa 2023
3739:Eunice 2022
3725:Aurore 2021
3718:Dennis 2020
3704:Adrian 2018
3669:Xavier 2017
3641:Niklas 2015
3592:Andrea 2012
3585:Dagmar 2011
3536:Kyrill 2007
3522:Gudrun 2005
3508:Oratia 2000
3490:Martin 1999
3483:Lothar 1999
3476:Anatol 1999
3378:Debbie 1961
3364:Iberia 1941
3129:Bighorn Low
3100:Lee Cyclone
3093:Continental
2853:Azores High
2828:Anticyclone
2530:10 December
2492:: 167–179.
2322:11 November
2182:weather.gov
1973:weather.gov
1425:Answers.com
1318:Steam devil
1117:resembling
1111:snow squall
1083:Ionian Seas
994:Netherlands
857:Great Lakes
850:Climatology
824:Great Lakes
820:New Zealand
804:subtropical
697:Meteorology
632:Meteorology
520:Snow roller
515:Snow grains
478:Ice pellets
427:Snow squall
358:Storm surge
304:Anticyclone
260:Mesocyclone
248:Thundersnow
197:Arcus cloud
4374:Categories
4311:Fire whirl
4301:Dust devil
4280:Waterspout
4241:Wall cloud
3953:Kona storm
3872:Kona storm
3753:Babet 2023
3732:Malik 2022
3711:Ciara 2020
3606:Xaver 2013
3564:Berit 2011
3550:Klaus 2009
3185:Nor'easter
2808:Superstorm
2452:Pre-prints
2227:11 January
1874:25 October
1836:23 January
1764:25 October
1583:12 January
1467:6 December
1436:6 December
1329:References
1308:Fire whirl
1249:midshipman
1198:See also:
1130:dust devil
954:landspouts
938:microscale
924:Tasman Sea
892:Lake Huron
828:Antarctica
780:cumuliform
768:waterspout
691:Glossaries
627:Jet stream
566:Convection
552:Atmosphere
500:Cloudburst
363:Dust storm
329:Nor'easter
299:Fire whirl
294:Dust devil
287:Waterspout
214:Heat burst
209:Microburst
167:Wet season
155:Dry season
4275:Landspout
4231:Supercell
4211:Whirlwind
4144:Mesoscale
3927:Sudestada
3894:Australia
3816:Genoa low
3662:Zeus 2017
3648:Egon 2017
3634:Tini 2014
3620:Anne 2014
3613:Dirk 2013
3543:Emma 2008
3455:Lili 1996
3054:Sting jet
2813:Hypercane
2648:Nicorette
2388:cite news
2378:22 August
2356:22 August
2351:0362-4331
1909:27 August
1616:20 August
1107:snowspout
1103:ice devil
1089:Snowspout
990:The Hague
946:supercell
932:Formation
878:in 1770.
876:Endeavour
816:Australia
784:two types
622:Heat wave
617:Cold wave
561:Chemistry
412:Ice storm
402:Firestorm
314:Polar low
282:Landspout
265:Supercell
226:Lightning
204:Downburst
160:Harmattan
94:Part of
64:Downspout
4390:Vortices
4296:Gustnado
4189:Mesohigh
4184:Wake Low
3983:Tropical
3770:See also
3529:Per 2007
3190:Gulf low
3066:Rainband
3017:Concepts
2761:Concepts
2745:Cyclones
2469:22 April
2460:Archived
2422:Archived
2316:Archived
2254:Archived
2221:Archived
2186:Archived
2152:Archived
2089:6 August
2083:Archived
1987:21 March
1981:Archived
1830:Archived
1792:Archived
1758:Archived
1718:Archived
1714:CTV News
1641:Archived
1610:Archived
1606:BBC News
1577:Archived
1513:Archived
1430:Archived
1398:Archived
1369:55671731
1272:See also
1247:while a
1245:Adriatic
1188:Bayesian
1099:icespout
1075:Adriatic
1049:Tornadic
859:and the
800:tropical
493:Freezing
454:Freezing
417:Blizzard
96:a series
43:reviewed
4385:Tornado
4253:Tornado
4029:Typhoon
3988:Outline
3973:Thermal
3168:Oceanic
3034:Cyclone
2928:Cyclone
2494:Bibcode
2291:21 June
2260:21 June
2195:21 June
2158:21 July
2114:Bibcode
2047:Bibcode
2018:21 June
1949:21 July
1724:21 June
1681:Bibcode
1540:Bibcode
1404:10 July
1194:Natural
1179:galleys
1136:Impacts
1105:, or a
1039:annulus
992:in the
942:cumulus
788:tornado
647:Extreme
593:Physics
583:Climate
571:Physics
461:Graupel
449:Drizzle
397:Sirocco
380:Monsoon
351:Typhoon
309:Cyclone
272:Tornado
219:Derecho
104:Weather
85:Florida
3867:Arctic
3208:Europe
2622:
2428:17 May
2349:
1647:4 June
1367:
1357:
1079:Aegean
1015:fronts
822:, the
808:Europe
655:Canada
610:Season
540:Topics
385:Amihan
373:Haboob
368:Simoom
180:Storms
135:Autumn
130:Summer
125:Spring
120:Winter
4289:Minor
4219:Major
3799:Other
3139:Other
3029:Storm
2957:Polar
2773:Storm
2463:(PDF)
2448:(PDF)
2189:(PDF)
2178:(PDF)
1489:video
1253:Venus
1238:Myths
1141:Human
1119:steam
1101:, an
975:Types
965:Taree
660:Japan
588:Cloud
576:River
525:Slush
187:Cloud
3829:Asia
3059:List
2747:and
2620:ISBN
2532:2011
2471:2023
2430:2015
2394:link
2380:2024
2358:2024
2347:ISSN
2324:2015
2293:2009
2262:2009
2229:2023
2197:2009
2160:2008
2091:2020
2020:2009
1989:2021
1951:2008
1939:NOAA
1911:2009
1876:2006
1864:NOAA
1838:2010
1766:2006
1754:NOAA
1726:2009
1649:2013
1618:2012
1585:2021
1469:2010
1438:2010
1406:2014
1365:OCLC
1355:ISBN
1081:and
868:Keys
802:and
642:List
605:Mist
505:Snow
488:Rain
466:Hail
392:Gale
2691:doi
2502:doi
2490:123
2122:doi
2055:doi
1689:doi
1677:119
1548:doi
1115:fog
1043:eye
600:Fog
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2687:43
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