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was hit by a torpedo but it had no effect. A second spread missed their target but a final shot hit the ship at 5:08 am, sinking the vessel, killing twenty-eight men and sending another twenty-two into the water. The action occurred early in the morning, and the gunners aboard had not been able to
1650:
s pump room on portside amidships while she was steaming on a non-evasive course at 9.2 knots. The torpedo tore a twenty-foot hole in the ship and oil sprayed everywhere, causing a fire. The pump room flooded along with one of the ship's tanks and the cargo aboard caught on fire. Nine officers,
1776:
recovered 29 of their bodies. Some of the dead were wearing civilian clothing and had wallets with U.S. currency and identification cards, suggesting that the submarine had been involved in landing German agents on the mainland. A nighttime military funeral was held for the dead
Germans at
1983:
with depth charges. The attack was successful and the U-boat sank with 29 hands. Seventeen survivors then went adrift in lifeboats for two days; when they were rescued by
American forces, only seven remained. The submarine rests in 110' feet of water near Cape Hatteras, NC.
1899:
knew right away that they were under attack by a submarine and he suspected where the
Germans would fire their next torpedo from. The Americans maneuvered and dropped five depth charges, and when sonar detected the U-boat again,
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rifles, .30 cal machine guns and depth charges could be used to defend the ship. Of a 25-man complement, six
American seamen were killed in battle and the eighteen remaining went adrift. The Germans suffered no casualties though
1772:, which opened fire with a 3-inch (76 mm) gun and machine guns. The destroyer hit the U-boat once before she submerged, and then dropped 11 depth charges, sinking the sub. All 46 German crew members were killed; the
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which missed but a second hit the trawler and it quickly sank with all thirty-seven hands. Two bodies were eventually recovered by the
Americans who buried the dead on Ocracoke, creating the British Cemetery there.
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1406:, 8 nautical miles (15 km) N of Diamond Shoals. At 3:15 pm a single torpedo hit the ship and it slowly sank. The master, all forty-seven crewmen, and seven Royal Navy gunners escaped without harm. The
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1279:. One of them struck the tanker at the tanks on the starboard side and the ship immediately began to burn and sink. The U-boat then fired additional torpedoes; one struck the
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who proceeded to shadow the vessels until later that night. Krech attacked after assuming he had been detected by the
British ships - firing a spread of torpedoes at the
557:
227:
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was a one-gun
American tanker of 14,054 tons, sunk 16 nautical miles (30 km) east-northeast of Diamond Shoals on June 28, 1942. At 6:16 pm, Horst Degen's
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322:
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left the scene but was ordered to return and pick up the German submariners still in the water. Fifteen
Germans were killed and 33 survivors were taken to
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see a target. It took seven torpedoes altogether to destroy the ship. The Master and twenty-one crew members were rescued later on by the naval trawler
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in order to save torpedoes. Armor-piercing rounds splashed all around the
American ship for an hour and a half before she sank. Because of a faulty
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also hit mines that night but were saved from sinking. Some of the dead washed up on
Ocracoke Island and were interred with the men of HMT
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witnessed the attack on the horizon but was unable to engage. Arriving two hours later, the Americans rescued the British and took them to
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happened on July 7, 1942, near Cape Hatteras, and was the last sinking of a German submarine in Torpedo Alley. American
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moved accordingly and dropped two more charges, forcing the Germans to surface. Then a short surface action occurred as
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fired a torpedo from her stern and began firing with her deck gun, but the American destroyer evaded all of the shots.
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but these failed to destroy their target. At 5:40 in the morning on May 11, the U-boat fired a single torpedo at the
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evacuated their ship and the Americans ceased fire after dropping one last depth charge as the submarine sank. The
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2308:"NOAA - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration - NOAA Locates U.S. Navy Ship Sunk in World War II Battle"
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to search for a U-boat spotted in the area. When the vessels arrived they were discovered by Captain Lieutenant
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and sank. Thirty-three men went down with the ship and only eighteen survived. Two other tankers and the
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was an 8,702-ton armed British tanker. She was attacked east of Cape Hatteras at position
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on radar at a range of 2,700 yards. As the German submarine attempted to head south, the
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2329:"William Rockefeller (American Steam tanker) - Ships hit by German U-boats during WWII"
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arrived to rescue survivors. Fifty-five men out of fifty-seven were killed on the
1303:. Twenty-three survivors from both ships were later rescued by American forces.
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The first of three German U-boats sunk during the battle for Torpedo Alley was
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2287:"USS YP-389 (American A/S trawler) - Ships hit by German U-boats during WWII"
2119:"Empire Gem (British Motor tanker) - Ships hit by German U-boats during WWII"
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2140:"Venore (American Steam merchant) - Ships hit by German U-boats during WWII"
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German casualties in Torpedo Alley totaled 100 dead and forty captured.
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2233:. Seattle: United States Army Center of Military History. p. 96.
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1738:, sunk at midnight on April 13, 1942. While operating within sight of
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but they all missed. The British then maneuvered and began dropping
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four days earlier. The British trawler struck one mine at position
1945:
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on June 9, 1942 after being rescued by a US Coast Guard seaplane.
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picked up a sonar contact just before a torpedo exploded nearby.
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then turned to starboard and closed to within 300 yards of the
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serving in American waters off North Carolina. On June 15, the
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surfaced the following morning around 5:20 am and delivered a
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evacuated the ship and were picked up twenty minutes later by
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A plaque on Ocracoke Island commemorating those killed on HMT
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in 1942, and over 5,000 people were killed, many of whom were
1936:
lie in 115' of water, 26 miles South of Beaufort inlet, NC.
1908:
opened fire with machine guns and prepared to ram the enemy
2441:
Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II
1238:, armed with one 4-inch (100 mm) gun, one 12-pounder
16:
One of the Atlantic graveyards during the Second World War
2436:
Naval battles of World War II involving the United States
1932:
for his victory over the Germans. The remains of the
1602:
decided to surface the submarine and engage with his
1299:
gunners and another seventeen men were killed on the
1271:. A few hours later, at about 2:40 am on January 24,
1203:. Torpedo Alley encompassed the area surrounding the
2072:"The Type VIIC boat U-701 - German U-boats of WWII"
2044:"The Type VIIC boat U-352 - German U-boats of WWII"
2266:"1942 HMS Kingston Ceylonite (FY 214) ASW Trawler"
2098:"The Type VIIB boat U-85 - German U-boats of WWII"
1662:which then depth charged the area inconclusively.
1466:were deployed from their base at Morehead City to
1287:and shortly after an American motor lifeboat from
1598:in the early morning on June 19. German Captain
1522:in convoy KN-109 when she unknowingly entered a
1275:attacked by firing a spread of torpedoes at the
1191:. Almost 400 ships were sunk, mostly during the
2446:Naval battles of World War II involving Germany
2014:
2012:
21:
495:
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8:
1283:, which also sank. Both vessels sent out an
1207:, including Cape Lookout and Cape Hatteras.
2268:. Freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com
2230:Guarding the United States and Its Outposts
1176:, named for the high number of attacks on
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1720:The funeral for twenty-nine Germans from
1670:which sank the American ship at position
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1234:was a recently built 10,600-ton British
2163:. Sunkenshipsouterbanks.com. 1942-01-23
2008:
1928:, the following day. Jester received a
1912:. Before the range closed, the crew of
1846:, was destroyed on May 9, 1942, by the
2451:Military history of the Atlantic Ocean
2397:"History and Disposition of the U-701"
1610:in the trawler's 3-inch (76 mm)
1264:and the unarmed American merchantman
7:
1997:List of shipwrecks of North Carolina
1594:was destroyed during an action with
1588:The small 170-ton American trawler
1250:on the night of January 23, 1942,
14:
1643:released a torpedo which hit the
1799:Graveyard of the Atlantic Museum
1174:graveyards of the Atlantic Ocean
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1504:The next warship sunk was the
1391:On April 14 the armed British
1:
436:Utah prisoner of war massacre
1651:thirty-five crewmen and six
1289:Ocracoke Coast Guard Station
2371:"German sub sank near U.S."
2046:. uboat.net. Archived from
1842:, under Captain Lieutenant
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1977:396th Bombardment Squadron
1823:delivering prisoners from
1848:United States Coast Guard
1726:Hampton National Cemetery
1623:sustained slight damage.
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469:Saint Pierre and Miquelon
442:Central and South America
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26:
1791:Cape Hatteras Lighthouse
1260:detected the unescorted
297:Estevan Point Lighthouse
2376:. The Augusta Chronicle
2331:. uboat.net. 1942-06-28
2227:Conn, Stetson (2000) .
2209:. uboat.net. 1942-04-14
2142:. uboat.net. 1942-01-24
2121:. uboat.net. 1942-01-24
1740:Bodie Island Lighthouse
246:American Theater (WWII)
1979:attacked the surfaced
1959:
1950:German survivors from
1834:
1752:detected the surfaced
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1701:without loss of life.
1451:was a 443-ton British
1443:
259:Battle of the Atlantic
135:Harold Rainsford Stark
124:Commanders and leaders
33:Battle of the Atlantic
2374:chronicle.augusta.com
1956:Naval Station Norfolk
1949:
1818:
1789:is now on display at
1760:closed to 700 yards.
1719:
1437:
1351:on April 10, 1942 by
193:Casualties and losses
2404:sanctuaries.noaa.gov
1831:Charleston Navy Yard
409:Fire balloon attacks
59:, Mid Atlantic Ocean
2310:. Noaanews.noaa.gov
1962:The destruction of
1865: /
1685: /
1645:William Rockefeller
1636:William Rockefeller
1629:William Rockefeller
1547: /
1335: /
1258:Robert-Richard Zapp
553:Blockade of Germany
421:Great Papago Escape
176:Robert-Richard Zapp
2421:WWII German UBoats
2022:. Thomaslegion.net
1974:United States Army
1972:aircraft from the
1960:
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1616:.30-06 Springfield
1516:Kingston Ceylonite
1510:, another British
1507:Kingston Ceylonite
1499:Kingston Ceylonite
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1408:United States Navy
1359:Captain Lieutenant
372:Lordsburg killings
1897:Maurice D. Jester
1869:34.350°N 76.583°W
1689:35.183°N 75.117°W
1551:36.867°N 75.850°W
1455:. On May 10, the
1421:Norfolk, Virginia
1339:35.583°N 75.100°W
1240:anti-aircraft gun
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209:
208:
201:
200:397 ships sunk
195:
194:
190:
189:
155:
126:
125:
121:
120:
105:
103:United Kingdom
79:
78:
74:
73:
70:
69:
68:German victory
66:
62:
61:
57:North Carolina
54:
52:
48:
47:
44:
36:
35:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2463:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2433:
2431:
2422:
2419:
2418:
2414:
2405:
2398:
2391:
2388:
2375:
2372:
2366:
2363:
2351:
2345:
2342:
2330:
2324:
2321:
2309:
2303:
2300:
2288:
2282:
2279:
2267:
2261:
2258:
2247:on 2007-12-25
2246:
2242:
2240:1-4102-0192-9
2236:
2232:
2231:
2223:
2220:
2208:
2202:
2199:
2188:on 2012-07-11
2187:
2183:
2182:"San Delfino"
2177:
2174:
2162:
2156:
2153:
2141:
2135:
2132:
2120:
2114:
2111:
2099:
2093:
2091:
2089:
2085:
2073:
2067:
2065:
2061:
2050:on 2010-11-05
2049:
2045:
2039:
2037:
2033:
2021:
2015:
2013:
2009:
2002:
1998:
1995:
1994:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1982:
1978:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1966:
1957:
1953:
1948:
1942:
1939:
1938:
1937:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1898:
1895:
1891:
1890:
1884:
1878:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1840:
1832:
1828:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1811:
1808:
1807:
1806:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1750:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1736:
1727:
1723:
1718:
1712:
1709:
1708:
1704:
1702:
1698:
1669:
1668:coup de grâce
1665:
1661:
1660:
1654:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1637:
1630:
1626:
1625:
1624:
1622:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1592:
1584:
1580:
1579:
1578:
1576:
1572:
1571:
1566:
1560:
1531:
1530:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1512:naval trawler
1509:
1508:
1500:
1496:
1495:
1494:
1491:
1487:
1486:depth charges
1483:
1479:
1478:
1473:
1472:Gunther Krech
1469:
1465:
1464:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1449:
1441:
1436:
1430:
1426:
1425:
1424:
1422:
1418:
1417:
1412:
1409:
1405:
1404:
1399:
1398:
1397:Empire Thrush
1394:
1387:
1386:Empire Thrush
1383:
1382:
1381:
1379:
1378:Morehead City
1375:
1374:
1367:
1364:. At 3:47 am
1363:
1360:
1356:
1355:
1348:
1319:
1318:
1310:
1306:
1305:
1304:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1269:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1254:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1232:
1224:
1220:
1219:
1215:
1210:
1208:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1162:Torpedo Alley
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1134:
1130:
1129:
1128:
1127:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1105:
1100:
1098:
1097:26 April 1944
1095:
1093:
1090:
1089:
1088:
1087:
1079:
1078:Bay of Biscay
1076:
1075:
1074:
1073:
1069:
1067:
1066:SL 140/MKS 31
1064:
1062:
1061:SL 139/MKS 30
1059:
1057:
1056:SL 138/MKS 28
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1041:ONS 20/ON 206
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1031:ONS 18/ON 202
1029:
1027:
1024:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1001:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
990:
989:HX 229/SC 122
987:
985:
982:
980:
977:
975:
972:
970:
967:
965:
962:
960:
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
946:
945:
944:
938:
935:
933:
930:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
895:
893:
890:
888:
885:
883:
882:
878:
876:
873:
871:
868:
866:
863:
861:
858:
856:
853:
851:
848:
846:
843:
841:
838:
836:
833:
831:
828:
826:
823:
821:
818:
816:
815:
811:
809:
806:
804:
801:
799:
796:
794:
793:
789:
787:
784:
782:
781:Torpedo Alley
779:
777:
774:
772:
771:
767:
766:
765:
764:
758:
755:
753:
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
716:
715:
711:
709:
706:
705:
704:
703:
699:
697:
694:
692:
689:
687:
684:
682:
679:
677:
674:
672:
669:
665:
662:
661:
660:
659:
655:
653:
650:
648:
645:
644:
643:
642:
636:
633:
631:
630:
626:
624:
621:
619:
616:
614:
611:
609:
606:
604:
601:
599:
596:
594:
591:
589:
586:
584:
581:
580:
579:
578:
572:
569:
568:
567:
566:
559:
556:
554:
551:
549:
546:
542:
539:
537:
534:
532:
531:United States
529:
528:
527:
524:
523:
520:
515:
505:
500:
498:
493:
491:
486:
485:
482:
470:
467:
466:
463:
462:
458:
456:
455:
451:
449:
446:
445:
441:
440:
437:
434:
432:
429:
427:
426:Santa Fe riot
424:
422:
419:
417:
416:
412:
410:
407:
405:
402:
400:
397:
395:
394:
390:
388:
385:
383:
380:
378:
375:
373:
370:
368:
365:
363:
362:
358:
356:
353:
351:
348:
346:
343:
341:
340:Torpedo Alley
338:
336:
333:
331:
328:
327:
324:
323:United States
321:
320:
317:
316:
312:
310:
309:
305:
303:
300:
298:
295:
291:
288:
287:
286:
283:
281:
278:
277:
274:
271:
270:
267:
264:
263:
260:
257:
256:
253:
248:
238:
233:
231:
226:
224:
219:
218:
215:
202:
198:~5,000 killed
197:
196:
191:
188:
183:
177:
172:
166:
161:
156:
154:
150:
145:
141:
136:
132:
128:
127:
122:
118:
106:
104:
92:
91:United States
81:
80:
75:
67:
64:
63:
58:
53:
50:
49:
45:
42:
41:
37:
34:
30:
25:
22:Torpedo Alley
20:
2403:
2390:
2378:. Retrieved
2373:
2365:
2354:. Retrieved
2344:
2333:. Retrieved
2323:
2312:. Retrieved
2302:
2291:. Retrieved
2281:
2270:. Retrieved
2260:
2249:. Retrieved
2245:the original
2229:
2222:
2211:. Retrieved
2201:
2190:. Retrieved
2186:the original
2176:
2165:. Retrieved
2161:"Empire Gem"
2155:
2144:. Retrieved
2134:
2123:. Retrieved
2113:
2102:. Retrieved
2076:. Retrieved
2052:. Retrieved
2048:the original
2024:. Retrieved
1986:
1980:
1964:
1961:
1951:
1940:
1933:
1917:
1913:
1905:
1901:
1888:
1883:Cape Lookout
1838:
1836:
1825:
1820:
1809:
1786:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1748:
1734:
1731:
1721:
1710:
1663:
1658:
1653:armed guards
1644:
1640:
1635:
1633:
1628:
1620:
1595:
1590:
1587:
1582:
1575:Bedfordshire
1574:
1569:
1528:
1515:
1506:
1503:
1498:
1490:Bedfordshire
1489:
1481:
1476:
1462:
1457:Bedfordshire
1456:
1448:Bedfordshire
1447:
1445:
1440:Bedfordshire
1439:
1429:Bedfordshire
1428:
1415:
1402:
1396:
1390:
1385:
1373:Norwich City
1372:
1365:
1353:
1316:
1313:
1308:
1300:
1292:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1267:
1261:
1252:
1246:. While off
1244:machine guns
1230:
1227:
1222:
1189:World War II
1180:shipping by
1165:
1161:
1159:
1149:7–8 May 1945
1144:5–6 May 1945
1139:Point Judith
1132:
1125:
1124:
1103:
1085:
1084:
1071:
942:
941:
897:27 September
880:
813:
791:
780:
769:
762:
761:
713:
701:
657:
640:
639:
628:
576:
575:
564:
563:
541:St. Lawrence
460:
453:
431:Point Judith
414:
399:Port Chicago
392:
387:Fort Stanton
367:Fort Stevens
360:
339:
314:
307:
285:St. Lawrence
77:Belligerents
29:World War II
2395:Hoyt, Joe.
2352:. uboat.net
2289:. uboat.net
2100:. uboat.net
2074:. uboat.net
1887:USCGC
1872: /
1692: /
1600:Horst Degen
1554: /
1366:San Delfino
1342: /
1317:San Delfino
1309:San Delfino
1205:Outer Banks
1102:Capture of
865:Bell Island
814:Connecticut
629:Nordseetour
571:River Plate
448:River Plate
404:Fort Lawton
355:Los Angeles
302:Bowmanville
290:Bell Island
205:40 captured
165:Karl Dönitz
144:Ernest King
2430:Categories
2356:2012-11-21
2335:2012-11-21
2314:2012-11-21
2293:2012-11-21
2272:2012-11-21
2251:2011-04-01
2213:2012-11-21
2192:2011-04-01
2167:2012-11-21
2146:2012-11-21
2125:2012-11-21
2104:2012-11-21
2078:2012-11-21
2054:2012-11-21
2026:2012-11-21
2003:References
1930:Navy Cross
1922:Charleston
1894:Lieutenant
1608:firing pin
1570:Bainbridge
1297:Royal Navy
1295:including
1293:Empire Gem
1277:Empire Gem
1262:Empire Gem
1231:Empire Gem
1223:Empire Gem
770:Postmaster
702:Rheinübung
203:100 killed
2380:11 August
1747:USS
1744:destroyer
1657:USS
1604:deck guns
1568:USS
1565:destroyer
1414:USS
1197:civilians
1072:Stonewall
1046:Sept-Îles
999:Black May
902:SG 6/LN 6
558:Gibraltar
536:Caribbean
361:Pastorius
266:Caribbean
46:1942–1945
1991:See also
1803:Hatteras
1793:and the
1783:Virginia
1524:sea mine
1416:Asterion
1266:SS
1242:and six
1133:Teardrop
1092:Lyme Bay
803:27 March
714:Bismarck
526:Americas
51:Location
27:Part of
1860:76°35′W
1857:34°21′N
1779:Hampton
1680:75°07′W
1677:35°11′N
1614:, only
1542:75°51′W
1539:36°52′N
1453:trawler
1393:steamer
1330:75°06′W
1327:35°35′N
1185:U-boats
881:Laconia
792:Neuland
686:4 April
461:Pelikan
454:Bolívar
393:Pelikan
345:Ellwood
308:Kiebitz
117:Germany
2237:
1918:Icarus
1910:U-boat
1906:Icarus
1902:Icarus
1889:Icarus
1885:, the
1881:, off
1821:Icarus
1819:USCGC
1742:, the
1659:CG-470
1591:YP-389
1583:YP-389
1482:Lowman
1463:Lowman
1411:Q-ship
1357:under
1301:Venore
1281:Venore
1268:Venore
1256:under
1236:tanker
1182:German
1178:Allied
1168:, off
1120:BX 141
1110:HX 300
1051:ON 207
1036:SC 143
1019:SC 130
1014:SC 129
1009:HX 237
994:HX 231
979:HX 228
974:SC 121
964:ON 166
959:SC 118
937:ON 154
932:ON 153
927:ON 144
922:SC 107
917:SL 125
912:HX 212
907:SC 104
892:SC 100
875:ON 127
860:ON 122
850:ON 115
845:ON 113
825:6 June
752:HX 156
722:HX 133
696:HX 126
691:OB 318
681:HX 112
676:OB 293
664:HX 106
658:Berlin
415:Elster
273:Canada
114:
100:
88:
65:Result
2400:(PDF)
1981:U-701
1965:U-701
1952:U-701
1941:U-701
1914:U-352
1839:U-352
1826:U-352
1810:U-352
1774:Roper
1770:Roper
1758:Roper
1749:Roper
1664:U-701
1648:'
1641:U-701
1621:U-701
1596:U-701
1529:U-701
1477:U-558
1403:U-203
1354:U-203
1164:, or
1115:WEP 3
1104:U-505
1026:Faith
1004:ONS 5
984:UGS 6
954:SG 19
887:SQ 36
870:QS 33
855:SC 94
840:QS 15
835:SL 78
830:HG 84
820:ON 92
808:OG 82
798:ON 67
786:SC 67
757:HG 76
747:SC 48
742:HG 73
737:SC 42
732:OG 71
727:OG 69
671:HG 53
652:SC 20
647:SC 19
635:HX 90
623:HX 84
618:HX 79
608:HX 72
598:HX 65
588:HX 49
583:HX 47
2382:2015
2235:ISBN
1934:U352
1787:U-85
1766:U-85
1762:U-85
1754:U-85
1735:U-85
1722:U-85
1711:U-85
1581:USS
1497:HMT
1461:HMT
1459:and
1427:HMT
1371:HMT
1314:The
1273:U-66
1253:U-66
1228:The
1199:and
1160:The
1126:1945
1086:1944
969:UC 1
949:TM 1
943:1943
763:1942
641:1941
613:SC 7
603:SC 2
577:1940
565:1939
55:off
43:Date
1829:to
1801:in
1724:at
1627:SS
1474:of
1384:SS
1307:SS
1285:SOS
1221:SS
1187:in
2432::
2402:.
2087:^
2063:^
2035:^
2011:^
1924:,
1805:.
1781:,
1577:.
1423:.
1380:.
31:,
2406:.
2384:.
2359:.
2338:.
2317:.
2296:.
2275:.
2254:.
2216:.
2195:.
2170:.
2149:.
2128:.
2107:.
2081:.
2057:.
2029:.
1833:.
1728:.
1442:.
503:e
496:t
489:v
236:e
229:t
222:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.