852:
864:
1947:
469:
31:
505:
103:
836:
291:
821:
58:
80:
694:, coastal and inland southern California, and even the Central Valley. A single tree planted in a suburb of San Diego in the 1940s or 1950s has grown tall and straight, and to a large size, 108 feet (33 m). Shipley Nature Center states it can grow to 148 ft (45 m) in height in cultivation. It is sold by at least ten different
486:
There is much space between the branches. The leaf color is said to be generally gray-yellow-green. The cones are generally smaller than 13.5 cm (5.3 in) in width. The sharp tips at the end of the scales are generally less than 6 mm (0.24 in) in length. The seed is generally less
522:
The branches are crowded together. The leaf color is gray-blue-green. The cones are generally larger than 13.5 cm (5.3 in) in width. The sharp tips at the end of the scales are generally larger than 6 mm (0.24 in) in length. The seed is larger than 11mm wide, medium brown to
777:
and on Santa Rosa Island are deemed to count as the wild population, not the trees planted around San Diego and wider
California. In the 1970s it was estimated that the population in the TPSR and on Santa Rosa Island was about 9,000 individuals, but many of these trees have since died due to
623:
The seeds are eaten by birds and rodents. Like most pine tree species, the seeds have a wing attached to them, but in this species it is papery, breaks off easily, and is entirely non-functional, so this tree is entirely reliant upon animals to disperse its seeds. The scrub jay
1767:
The Torrey pine is planted as ornamental trees, with better soil and with controlled watering, it lends to being a fast growing tree to heights of 148 feet. This pine is drought tolerant as the tap roots can go as deep as 200 feet to find moisture. The tree is also shade
583:
of a much more extensive Ice Age distribution. Coastal fog during spring and summer along the San Diego and Santa Rosa Island coast provides just enough moisture to supplement the fairly low winter rainfall, allowing for survival of the species in the wild habitat zone.
630:) is the most important species when it comes to dispersal of the seeds (on the mainland). Scrub jays and perhaps also squirrels are thought to be spreading the species into adjacent parklands from gardens around San Diego.
2366:
790:. There were only a hundred trees surviving in the early 20th century. As of 2016 it is thought by the California Native Plant Society that the population of this species is some 3,000 individuals. In 2011,
863:
2371:
2376:
761:, as well as numerous local roads and businesses (e.g., Torrey Pines Bank, Torrey Pines Property Management Company, Torrey Pines Landscape Company, and Torrey Pines Law Group.)
2336:
413:, structures that function as a flower but look like a small cone, which for the Torrey pine look like a yellow bud in a male strobilus and like a small red cone in a female.
2341:
2381:
2386:
2158:
354:
2210:
612:
down 60 centimeters (24 in) seeking moisture and nutrients. A mature tree may have roots extending 75 meters (246 ft). Exposed trees battered by
1699:
397:
tree growing to 8–17 meters (26–56 ft) tall in the wild, with 25–30 centimeters (9.8–11.8 in) long leaves ('needles') in groups of five. The
1417:
Moore, Gerry; Kershner, Bruce; Craig Tufts; Daniel
Mathews; Gil Nelson; Spellenberg, Richard; Thieret, John W.; Terry Purinton; Block, Andrew (2008).
1750:
409:' that have a particular number of needles for each pine species; in the Torrey pine there are five needles in each fascicle. Like all pines, it has
2106:
2396:
2171:
2119:
579:. The presence of Torrey pines along the semi-arid coast of San Diego and Santa Rosa Island (rainfall less than 15 inches per year) is probably a
1016:
802:
was 4,500 individuals. He states that there is a slow decline of the numbers, especially of the trees not found within the TPSR on the mainland.
835:
2259:
1716:
Houses replaced avocado groves on the East County land that surrounds the Torrey pine. Torrey pines are widely planted as an ornamental species
1672:
1426:
671:
851:
2356:
2351:
420:(or "gorilla's nest"), an unusually dense cluster of needles that looks somewhat like a bird's nest, caused by disease or other causes.
102:
2361:
774:
742:
1180:
346:
2145:
2044:
1392:
1329:
87:
2391:
842:
338:
2176:
1930:
401:
are stout and heavy, typically 8–15 cm (3.1–5.9 in) long and broad, and contain large, hard-shelled, but edible,
568:
330:
62:
39:
572:
334:
1652:. US Department of Agriculture (USDA), Forest Service (USFS), Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory
820:
1499:"The influence of summertime fog and overcast clouds on the growth of a coastal Californian pine: A tree-ring study"
2272:
2215:
936:
576:
342:
277:
234:
1127:
1821:"Torrey Pines Property Management Company, San Diego Property Management, Apartments for Rent in San Diego, CA"
1703:
1371:
1308:
1270:
754:
750:
746:
2277:
1614:
758:
642:
431:. These are said to be distinguished by the following characteristics, as well as possibly differing in the
2098:
1209:
2093:
2023:
2013:
1961:
626:
1047:
261:
218:
2124:
281:
1024:
608:, growing slowly in dry, sandy soil. The root system is extensive. A tiny seedling may quickly send a
2225:
2057:
1999:
1510:
869:
Torrey pine mature bark and nameplate in
Mildred E. Mathias Botanical Garden, Los Angeles, California
635:
2085:
1645:
809:, near the native habitat, and construction projects and citizens require a permit for its removal.
468:
30:
1584:
1102:
806:
550:
47:
2202:
1676:
1355:
1292:
1258:
1197:
The witch's broom or gorrila's nest is an abnormal area of growth on the tree of uncertain origin.
914:
504:
2308:
1534:
601:
97:
2264:
2163:
961:
2233:
2031:
1555:
1526:
1422:
580:
406:
290:
202:
2300:
2238:
1912:
1518:
909:
738:
428:
417:
2189:
1497:
Williams, A. Park; Still, Christopher J.; Fischer, Douglas T.; Leavitt, Steven W. (2008).
687:
605:
1153:
2251:
1514:
2346:
2246:
366:
127:
1939:
1442:
1184:
990:
2330:
2184:
1563:
900:
787:
695:
326:
67:
1538:
891:
487:
than 11 mm (0.43 in) wide, and light to dark brown in color. Considered a
2313:
2049:
2036:
1917:
827:
791:
613:
436:
398:
1468:
1073:
2197:
2132:
1993:
783:
779:
722:
646:
528:
492:
373:
1984:
1235:
1522:
710:
683:
424:
322:
140:
1728:
2070:
1498:
718:
691:
554:
432:
410:
2290:
1888:
1530:
2285:
1978:
714:
667:
663:
440:
402:
350:
180:
2111:
645:, which is the process of subjecting seeds to (moist) cold, encourages
609:
593:
444:
378:
170:
160:
150:
2137:
2008:
617:
1955:
1842:"San Diego Landscape Designers Contractors Torrey Pines Landscaping"
616:
are often twisted into beautiful sculptural shapes resembling large
2150:
2075:
1866:
1798:
1419:
National
Wildlife Federation Field Guide to Trees of North America
726:
114:
1443:"Pinus torreyana Parry ex Carrière subsp. insularis J. R. Haller"
2062:
1820:
795:
394:
318:
190:
1959:
1841:
885:
883:
1925:
1787:(Thesis). San Diego, California: San Diego State University.
794:, assessing the conservation status of this species for the
549:
is restricted to trees growing in a narrow strip along the
741:
it is considered a local icon, where it lends its name to
2367:
Natural history of the
California chaparral and woodlands
805:
The Torrey pine is protected by a city tree ordinance in
769:
There is some disagreement about the total population of
1931:
Calscape, California Native Plant
Society: Torrey Pine (
376:, an American botanist, after whom the coniferous genus
1700:"Residents say tree too big, too old for neighborhood"
639:
have been confirmed to feed on this tree in the wild.
2372:
Natural history of the
Channel Islands of California
1048:"Tree Identification: Pinus torreyana - Torrey Pine"
1968:
1210:"Welcome to My Garden!: Torrey Pines State Reserve"
405:. Like all pines, its needles are clustered into '
620:, and rarely exceed 12 m (39 ft) tall.
1579:
1577:
1575:
1573:
1128:"Natural Treasure: The One and Only Torrey Pine"
686:in the wild, Torrey pine is often planted as an
2377:Natural history of San Diego County, California
355:California coastal sage and chaparral ecoregion
1550:
1548:
1354:Haller, J. Robert; Vivrette, Nancy J. (2012).
1291:Haller, J. Robert; Vivrette, Nancy J. (2012).
1257:Haller, J. Robert; Vivrette, Nancy J. (2012).
1702:. Union-Tribune Publishing Co. Archived from
915:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T42424A2979186.en
8:
782:, drought and a series of infestations of a
557:. There is also a population of the variety
2337:IUCN Red List critically endangered species
1609:
1607:
1605:
1956:
416:Torrey pines are sometimes afflicted with
289:
78:
56:
29:
20:
913:
798:, estimated that the total population of
2342:NatureServe critically imperiled species
1782:Patterns of reproduction in Torrey pine
985:
983:
449:
38:A Torrey pine on the northeast coast of
2382:Taxa named by Charles Christopher Parry
1015:C. Michael Hogan (September 11, 2008).
879:
816:
1650:Fire Effects Information System (FEIS)
773:. In general, only the populations in
498:coast at Del Mar in San Diego County
7:
2226:9d5dc732-5ff2-437d-aad7-78722a35766d
1467:Earle, Christopher J., ed. (2018).
1072:Earle, Christopher J., ed. (2018).
991:"Pinus torreyana Parry ex Carrière"
901:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1926:Torrey Pines State Natural Reserve
1560:A Natural History of Western Trees
1421:. New York: Sterling. p. 84.
775:Torrey Pines State Natural Reserve
743:Torrey Pines State Natural Reserve
16:Species of pine tree in California
14:
1698:Anne Krueger (February 6, 2007).
1625:. California Native Plant Society
523:more-or-less black. Considered a
2387:Taxa named by Élie-Abel Carrière
2278:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:282913-2
1780:McMaster, Gregory Scott (1980).
1181:"Torrey Pine with witch's broom"
1132:Naturaltreasureucsd.blogspot.com
862:
850:
834:
819:
503:
467:
101:
1364:in Jepson Flora Project (eds.)"
1301:in Jepson Flora Project (eds.)"
1263:in Jepson Flora Project (eds.)"
1103:"Chaparral and Riparian Plants"
1017:"Torrey Pine (Pinus torreyana)"
786:, as well as being stressed by
525:Critically Imperiled Subspecies
489:Critically Imperiled Subspecies
2397:Trees of Mediterranean climate
1751:"Torrey Pine, Pinus torreyana"
1:
1889:"How can I cut my tree down?"
1673:"germination of Torrey pines"
1671:Santiago (January 25, 2005).
633:The caterpillars of the moth
331:critically endangered species
40:Santa Rosa Island, California
1757:. Conifers Reference Library
1154:"Life Cycle - torreypinedo2"
2357:Endemic flora of California
1046:Lisa (September 22, 2010).
2413:
2352:Pinus taxa by common names
1393:"NatureServe Explorer 2.0"
1330:"NatureServe Explorer 2.0"
937:"NatureServe Explorer 2.0"
841:A wild Torrey pine grove,
698:in California as of 2020.
2362:Trees of Northern America
1940:Jepson Manual Treatment:
1523:10.1007/s00442-008-1025-y
1214:Loresgardens.blogspot.com
857:Strobili on a Torrey pine
709:has been considered as a
545:The extant population of
393:is a broad, open-crowned
297:
288:
267:
260:
98:Scientific classification
96:
76:
54:
45:
37:
28:
23:
1867:"Torrey Pines Law Group"
1397:explorer.natureserve.org
1372:University of California
1334:explorer.natureserve.org
1309:University of California
1271:University of California
941:explorer.natureserve.org
755:Torrey Pines High School
751:Torrey Pines Golf Course
747:Torrey Pines State Beach
333:growing only in coastal
1731:. Shipley Nature Center
1644:Esser, Lora L. (1993).
1556:Peattie, Donald Culross
1477:The Gymnosperm Database
1082:The Gymnosperm Database
968:. National Park Service
759:Torrey Pines Gliderport
666:were once eaten by the
1052:Lh2treeid.blogspot.com
627:Aphelocoma californica
2392:Edible nuts and seeds
1918:USDA Plants Profile:
1729:"TORREY PINE HABITAT"
649:in Torrey pine seeds
349:. The Torrey pine is
84:Critically Imperiled
63:Critically Endangered
908:: e.T42424A2979186.
826:Torrey pine: female
682:Although considered
636:Gloveria arizonensis
347:Santa Barbara County
1801:. December 17, 2010
1799:"Torrey Pines Bank"
1706:on January 31, 2017
1515:2008Oecol.156..601W
1447:Ucjeps.berkeley.edu
995:Ucjeps.berkeley.edu
962:"Santa Rosa Island"
890:Farjon, A. (2013).
551:Southern California
518:(Haller) Silba 1990
48:Conservation status
1134:. February 7, 2011
1021:GlobalTwitcher.com
602:coastal sage scrub
534:Santa Rosa Island
2324:
2323:
2234:Open Tree of Life
1962:Taxon identifiers
1913:USDA PLANTS entry
1891:. City of Del Mar
1784:(Pinus torreyana)
1679:on April 25, 2012
1646:"Pinus torreyana"
1589:Nature Collective
1566:. pp. 96–97.
1428:978-1-4027-3875-3
1370:. Regents of the
1307:. Regents of the
1269:. Regents of the
1216:. August 17, 2008
843:Santa Rosa Island
581:relict population
575:off the coast of
569:Santa Rosa Island
567:in two groves on
538:
537:
447:, etc.) profile.
339:Santa Rosa Island
305:
304:
298:Natural range of
253:P. torreyana
91:
71:
2404:
2317:
2316:
2304:
2303:
2294:
2293:
2281:
2280:
2268:
2267:
2255:
2254:
2242:
2241:
2229:
2228:
2219:
2218:
2206:
2205:
2193:
2192:
2180:
2179:
2167:
2166:
2154:
2153:
2141:
2140:
2128:
2127:
2115:
2114:
2102:
2101:
2089:
2088:
2079:
2078:
2066:
2065:
2053:
2052:
2040:
2039:
2027:
2026:
2017:
2016:
2004:
2003:
2002:
1989:
1988:
1987:
1957:
1901:
1900:
1898:
1896:
1885:
1879:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1863:
1857:
1856:
1854:
1852:
1838:
1832:
1831:
1829:
1827:
1817:
1811:
1810:
1808:
1806:
1795:
1789:
1788:
1777:
1771:
1770:
1764:
1762:
1747:
1741:
1740:
1738:
1736:
1725:
1719:
1718:
1713:
1711:
1695:
1689:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1675:. Archived from
1668:
1662:
1661:
1659:
1657:
1641:
1635:
1634:
1632:
1630:
1611:
1600:
1599:
1597:
1595:
1581:
1568:
1567:
1552:
1543:
1542:
1494:
1488:
1487:
1485:
1483:
1464:
1458:
1457:
1455:
1453:
1439:
1433:
1432:
1414:
1408:
1407:
1405:
1403:
1389:
1383:
1382:
1380:
1378:
1351:
1345:
1344:
1342:
1340:
1326:
1320:
1319:
1317:
1315:
1288:
1282:
1281:
1279:
1277:
1254:
1248:
1247:
1245:
1243:
1232:
1226:
1225:
1223:
1221:
1206:
1200:
1199:
1194:
1192:
1187:on April 5, 2012
1183:. Archived from
1176:
1170:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1158:Sites.google.com
1150:
1144:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1124:
1118:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1099:
1093:
1092:
1090:
1088:
1069:
1063:
1062:
1060:
1058:
1043:
1037:
1036:
1034:
1032:
1023:. Archived from
1012:
1006:
1005:
1003:
1001:
987:
978:
977:
975:
973:
958:
952:
951:
949:
947:
933:
927:
926:
924:
922:
917:
887:
866:
854:
838:
823:
739:San Diego County
519:
507:
483:
471:
450:
341:, offshore from
335:San Diego County
293:
273:
106:
105:
85:
82:
81:
65:
60:
59:
33:
21:
2412:
2411:
2407:
2406:
2405:
2403:
2402:
2401:
2327:
2326:
2325:
2320:
2312:
2307:
2299:
2297:
2289:
2284:
2276:
2271:
2263:
2258:
2250:
2245:
2237:
2232:
2224:
2222:
2214:
2209:
2201:
2196:
2188:
2183:
2175:
2170:
2162:
2157:
2149:
2144:
2136:
2131:
2123:
2118:
2110:
2105:
2097:
2092:
2084:
2082:
2074:
2069:
2061:
2056:
2048:
2043:
2035:
2030:
2022:
2020:
2014:pinus-torreyana
2012:
2007:
2000:Pinus torreyana
1998:
1997:
1992:
1983:
1982:
1977:
1970:Pinus torreyana
1964:
1949:Pinus torreyana
1942:Pinus torreyana
1933:Pinus torreyana
1920:Pinus torreyana
1909:
1904:
1894:
1892:
1887:
1886:
1882:
1872:
1870:
1865:
1864:
1860:
1850:
1848:
1846:Tplandscape.com
1840:
1839:
1835:
1825:
1823:
1819:
1818:
1814:
1804:
1802:
1797:
1796:
1792:
1779:
1778:
1774:
1760:
1758:
1749:
1748:
1744:
1734:
1732:
1727:
1726:
1722:
1709:
1707:
1697:
1696:
1692:
1682:
1680:
1670:
1669:
1665:
1655:
1653:
1643:
1642:
1638:
1628:
1626:
1617:Pinus torreyana
1613:
1612:
1603:
1593:
1591:
1583:
1582:
1571:
1554:
1553:
1546:
1496:
1495:
1491:
1481:
1479:
1471:Pinus torreyana
1466:
1465:
1461:
1451:
1449:
1441:
1440:
1436:
1429:
1416:
1415:
1411:
1401:
1399:
1391:
1390:
1386:
1376:
1374:
1358:Pinus torreyana
1353:
1352:
1348:
1338:
1336:
1328:
1327:
1323:
1313:
1311:
1295:Pinus torreyana
1290:
1289:
1285:
1275:
1273:
1261:Pinus torreyana
1256:
1255:
1251:
1241:
1239:
1234:
1233:
1229:
1219:
1217:
1208:
1207:
1203:
1190:
1188:
1178:
1177:
1173:
1163:
1161:
1160:. July 22, 2011
1152:
1151:
1147:
1137:
1135:
1126:
1125:
1121:
1111:
1109:
1101:
1100:
1096:
1086:
1084:
1076:Pinus torreyana
1071:
1070:
1066:
1056:
1054:
1045:
1044:
1040:
1030:
1028:
1027:on May 25, 2012
1014:
1013:
1009:
999:
997:
989:
988:
981:
971:
969:
966:Channel Islands
960:
959:
955:
945:
943:
935:
934:
930:
920:
918:
894:Pinus torreyana
889:
888:
881:
877:
870:
867:
858:
855:
846:
839:
830:
824:
815:
771:Pinus torreyana
767:
735:
707:Pinus torreyana
704:
696:plant nurseries
688:ornamental tree
680:
672:Native American
660:
655:
606:plant community
598:Pinus torreyana
590:
571:, a California
560:Pinus torreyana
547:Pinus torreyana
543:
517:
511:Pinus torreyana
481:
475:Pinus torreyana
391:Pinus torreyana
388:
382:is also named.
367:species epithet
363:
314:Pinus torreyana
300:Pinus torreyana
284:
275:
271:Pinus torreyana
269:
256:
100:
92:
83:
79:
72:
61:
57:
50:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2410:
2408:
2400:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2329:
2328:
2322:
2321:
2319:
2318:
2314:wfo-0000481576
2305:
2295:
2282:
2269:
2256:
2243:
2230:
2220:
2207:
2194:
2181:
2168:
2155:
2142:
2129:
2116:
2103:
2090:
2080:
2067:
2054:
2041:
2028:
2018:
2005:
1990:
1974:
1972:
1966:
1965:
1960:
1954:
1953:
1945:
1937:
1928:
1923:
1915:
1908:
1907:External links
1905:
1903:
1902:
1880:
1869:. June 1, 2020
1858:
1833:
1812:
1790:
1772:
1742:
1720:
1690:
1663:
1636:
1601:
1569:
1544:
1509:(3): 601–611.
1489:
1459:
1434:
1427:
1409:
1384:
1346:
1321:
1283:
1249:
1238:. Project Noah
1227:
1201:
1171:
1145:
1119:
1094:
1064:
1038:
1007:
979:
953:
928:
878:
876:
873:
872:
871:
868:
861:
859:
856:
849:
847:
840:
833:
831:
825:
818:
814:
811:
766:
763:
734:
731:
703:
700:
679:
676:
659:
656:
654:
651:
643:Stratification
589:
586:
573:Channel Island
542:
539:
536:
535:
532:
520:
508:
500:
499:
496:
484:
472:
464:
463:
460:
457:
454:
423:There are two
387:
384:
362:
359:
303:
302:
295:
294:
286:
285:
276:
265:
264:
258:
257:
250:
248:
244:
243:
232:
228:
227:
216:
212:
211:
200:
196:
195:
188:
184:
183:
178:
174:
173:
168:
164:
163:
158:
154:
153:
148:
144:
143:
138:
131:
130:
125:
118:
117:
112:
108:
107:
94:
93:
77:
74:
73:
55:
52:
51:
46:
43:
42:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2409:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2334:
2332:
2315:
2310:
2306:
2302:
2296:
2292:
2287:
2283:
2279:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2221:
2217:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2160:
2156:
2152:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2081:
2077:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2019:
2015:
2010:
2006:
2001:
1995:
1991:
1986:
1980:
1976:
1975:
1973:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1958:
1952:
1951:Photo gallery
1950:
1946:
1944:
1943:
1938:
1936:
1934:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1921:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1910:
1906:
1890:
1884:
1881:
1868:
1862:
1859:
1847:
1843:
1837:
1834:
1822:
1816:
1813:
1800:
1794:
1791:
1786:
1783:
1776:
1773:
1769:
1756:
1752:
1746:
1743:
1730:
1724:
1721:
1717:
1705:
1701:
1694:
1691:
1678:
1674:
1667:
1664:
1651:
1647:
1640:
1637:
1629:September 28,
1624:
1620:
1618:
1615:"Torrey Pine
1610:
1608:
1606:
1602:
1590:
1586:
1585:"Torrey Pine"
1580:
1578:
1576:
1574:
1570:
1565:
1564:Bonanza Books
1561:
1557:
1551:
1549:
1545:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1493:
1490:
1478:
1474:
1472:
1463:
1460:
1448:
1444:
1438:
1435:
1430:
1424:
1420:
1413:
1410:
1398:
1394:
1388:
1385:
1377:September 28,
1373:
1369:
1368:Jepson eFlora
1365:
1363:
1359:
1350:
1347:
1335:
1331:
1325:
1322:
1314:September 28,
1310:
1306:
1305:Jepson eFlora
1302:
1300:
1296:
1287:
1284:
1276:September 28,
1272:
1268:
1267:Jepson eFlora
1264:
1262:
1253:
1250:
1237:
1236:"Torrey Pine"
1231:
1228:
1215:
1211:
1205:
1202:
1198:
1186:
1182:
1175:
1172:
1159:
1155:
1149:
1146:
1133:
1129:
1123:
1120:
1108:
1104:
1098:
1095:
1083:
1079:
1077:
1068:
1065:
1053:
1049:
1042:
1039:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1011:
1008:
996:
992:
986:
984:
980:
967:
963:
957:
954:
942:
938:
932:
929:
916:
911:
907:
903:
902:
897:
895:
886:
884:
880:
874:
865:
860:
853:
848:
844:
837:
832:
829:
822:
817:
812:
810:
808:
803:
801:
797:
793:
789:
788:air pollution
785:
781:
776:
772:
764:
762:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
732:
730:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
701:
699:
697:
693:
689:
685:
677:
675:
673:
669:
665:
657:
652:
650:
648:
644:
640:
638:
637:
631:
629:
628:
621:
619:
615:
614:coastal winds
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
587:
585:
582:
578:
577:Santa Barbara
574:
570:
566:
565:
561:
556:
552:
548:
540:
533:
530:
526:
521:
516:
512:
509:
506:
502:
501:
497:
494:
490:
485:
480:
476:
473:
470:
466:
465:
462:Distribution
461:
458:
455:
452:
451:
448:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
421:
419:
418:witch's broom
414:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
385:
383:
381:
380:
375:
372:is named for
371:
368:
360:
358:
356:
352:
348:
344:
343:Santa Barbara
340:
336:
332:
328:
327:United States
324:
320:
316:
315:
310:
301:
296:
292:
287:
283:
279:
274:
272:
266:
263:
262:Binomial name
259:
255:
254:
249:
246:
245:
242:
241:
237:
233:
230:
229:
226:
225:
221:
217:
214:
213:
210:
209:
205:
201:
198:
197:
194:
193:
189:
186:
185:
182:
179:
176:
175:
172:
169:
166:
165:
162:
159:
156:
155:
152:
149:
146:
145:
142:
139:
136:
133:
132:
129:
128:Tracheophytes
126:
123:
120:
119:
116:
113:
110:
109:
104:
99:
95:
89:
75:
69:
64:
53:
49:
44:
41:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
1969:
1948:
1941:
1932:
1919:
1893:. Retrieved
1883:
1871:. Retrieved
1861:
1849:. Retrieved
1845:
1836:
1824:. Retrieved
1815:
1803:. Retrieved
1793:
1785:
1781:
1775:
1766:
1759:. Retrieved
1754:
1745:
1733:. Retrieved
1723:
1715:
1708:. Retrieved
1704:the original
1693:
1681:. Retrieved
1677:the original
1666:
1654:. Retrieved
1649:
1639:
1627:. Retrieved
1622:
1616:
1592:. Retrieved
1588:
1562:. New York:
1559:
1506:
1502:
1492:
1480:. Retrieved
1476:
1470:
1462:
1450:. Retrieved
1446:
1437:
1418:
1412:
1400:. Retrieved
1396:
1387:
1375:. Retrieved
1367:
1361:
1357:
1349:
1337:. Retrieved
1333:
1324:
1312:. Retrieved
1304:
1298:
1294:
1286:
1274:. Retrieved
1266:
1260:
1252:
1240:. Retrieved
1230:
1218:. Retrieved
1213:
1204:
1196:
1189:. Retrieved
1185:the original
1174:
1162:. Retrieved
1157:
1148:
1136:. Retrieved
1131:
1122:
1110:. Retrieved
1107:Sci.sdsu.edu
1106:
1097:
1085:. Retrieved
1081:
1075:
1067:
1055:. Retrieved
1051:
1041:
1029:. Retrieved
1025:the original
1020:
1010:
998:. Retrieved
994:
970:. Retrieved
965:
956:
944:. Retrieved
940:
931:
921:November 11,
919:. Retrieved
905:
899:
893:
845:, California
804:
800:P. torreyana
799:
792:Aljos Farjon
780:forest fires
770:
768:
765:Conservation
736:
706:
705:
681:
661:
641:
634:
632:
625:
622:
597:
591:
563:
559:
558:
546:
544:
541:Distribution
524:
514:
510:
488:
478:
474:
437:phellandrene
422:
415:
390:
389:
377:
369:
364:
317:) is a rare
313:
312:
308:
306:
299:
270:
268:
252:
251:
239:
235:
231:Subsection:
223:
219:
207:
203:
191:
141:Gymnospermae
134:
121:
24:Torrey pine
18:
2252:kew-2562222
2198:NatureServe
2133:iNaturalist
1994:Wikispecies
1710:January 31,
972:January 30,
784:bark beetle
723:New Zealand
678:Cultivation
647:germination
592:The native
529:NatureServe
493:NatureServe
482:(Kral 1993)
459:Description
386:Description
374:John Torrey
321:species in
309:Torrey pine
88:NatureServe
2331:Categories
2247:Plant List
2021:Calflora:
1179:jiobrien.
875:References
828:pine cones
711:plantation
684:endangered
456:Subspecies
425:subspecies
329:. It is a
323:California
240:Ponderosae
199:Subgenus:
147:Division:
2099:233500955
1851:August 6,
1826:August 6,
1805:August 6,
1768:tolerant.
1683:August 9,
1656:August 6,
1594:April 22,
1503:Oecologia
1452:August 9,
1402:April 20,
1362:insularis
1339:April 20,
1299:torreyana
1242:August 6,
1220:August 6,
1164:August 6,
1138:August 6,
1112:August 6,
1087:August 6,
1057:August 9,
1031:August 9,
1000:August 9,
946:April 20,
719:Australia
713:tree for
692:San Diego
670:tribe of
664:pine nuts
564:insularis
555:San Diego
553:coast in
515:insularis
479:torreyana
433:terpenoid
429:varieties
407:fascicles
403:pine nuts
370:torreyana
337:, and on
247:Species:
238:subsect.
224:Trifoliae
215:Section:
161:Pinopsida
151:Pinophyta
111:Kingdom:
2291:24900222
2286:Tropicos
2203:2.147567
2164:10194227
2151:282913-2
1985:Q2746149
1979:Wikidata
1755:redOrbit
1623:Calscape
1558:(1953).
1539:11172462
1531:18368424
715:forestry
702:Forestry
674:people.
668:Kumeyaay
441:limonene
411:strobili
361:Taxonomy
181:Pinaceae
177:Family:
68:IUCN 3.1
2301:7149729
2112:5285764
2063:1059927
1895:May 11,
1873:June 1,
1761:May 31,
1735:May 31,
1511:Bibcode
1360:subsp.
1297:subsp.
813:Gallery
807:Del Mar
733:Culture
717:use in
690:around
610:taproot
594:habitat
588:Ecology
445:cineole
379:Torreya
353:to the
351:endemic
187:Genus:
171:Pinales
167:Order:
157:Class:
115:Plantae
86: (
66: (
2298:uBio:
2260:PLANTS
2239:635132
2223:NZOR:
2216:268870
2177:183391
2086:pintor
2083:FEIS:
2009:ARKive
1537:
1529:
1482:May 4,
1425:
1191:May 4,
757:, and
618:bonsai
435:(beta-
222:sect.
206:subg.
2347:Pinus
2190:42424
2159:IRMNG
2138:78587
2125:28565
2076:PIUTO
2037:4J2JZ
1535:S2CID
727:Kenya
562:var.
513:var.
477:var.
453:Image
399:cones
282:Carr.
278:Parry
208:Pinus
192:Pinus
135:Clade
122:Clade
2273:POWO
2265:PITO
2211:NCBI
2185:IUCN
2172:ITIS
2146:IPNI
2120:GRIN
2107:GBIF
2071:EPPO
2050:3870
2045:CNPS
2024:6525
1897:2014
1875:2020
1853:2013
1828:2013
1807:2013
1763:2014
1737:2014
1712:2016
1685:2013
1658:2013
1631:2020
1596:2020
1527:PMID
1484:2014
1454:2013
1423:ISBN
1404:2022
1379:2020
1341:2022
1316:2020
1278:2020
1244:2013
1222:2013
1193:2014
1166:2013
1140:2013
1114:2013
1089:2013
1059:2013
1033:2013
1002:2013
974:2018
948:2022
923:2021
906:2013
796:IUCN
725:and
662:The
658:Food
653:Uses
604:, a
395:pine
365:The
319:pine
307:The
2309:WFO
2094:FNA
2058:EoL
2032:CoL
1519:doi
1507:156
910:doi
737:In
600:is
596:of
527:by
491:by
427:or
345:in
280:ex
2333::
2311::
2288::
2275::
2262::
2249::
2236::
2213::
2200::
2187::
2174::
2161::
2148::
2135::
2122::
2109::
2096::
2073::
2060::
2047::
2034::
2011::
1996::
1981::
1844:.
1765:.
1753:.
1714:.
1648:.
1621:.
1604:^
1587:.
1572:^
1547:^
1533:.
1525:.
1517:.
1505:.
1501:.
1475:.
1445:.
1395:.
1366:.
1332:.
1303:.
1265:.
1212:.
1195:.
1156:.
1130:.
1105:.
1080:.
1050:.
1019:.
993:.
982:^
964:.
939:.
904:.
898:.
882:^
753:,
749:,
745:,
729:.
721:,
443:,
439:,
357:.
325:,
236:P.
220:P.
204:P.
137::
124::
1935:)
1899:.
1877:.
1855:.
1830:.
1809:.
1739:.
1687:.
1660:.
1633:.
1619:"
1598:.
1541:.
1521::
1513::
1486:.
1473:"
1469:"
1456:.
1431:.
1406:.
1381:.
1356:"
1343:.
1318:.
1293:"
1280:.
1259:"
1246:.
1224:.
1168:.
1142:.
1116:.
1091:.
1078:"
1074:"
1061:.
1035:.
1004:.
976:.
950:.
925:.
912::
896:"
892:"
624:(
531:.
495:.
311:(
90:)
70:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
