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testing to determine drug resistance profiles, MDR- or XDR-TB patients may develop resistance to additional drugs and can continue to spread the disease to others. TDR-TB is relatively poorly documented, as many countries do not test patient samples against a broad enough range of drugs to diagnose such a comprehensive array of resistance. The
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The emergence of TDR-TB has been documented in four major publications. However, it is not recognized by the World Health
Organization. This is because the term defined as "totally drug resistant", has not been applied to the disease of tuberculosis. Certain strains of TB have not been properly
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TDR-TB has resulted from further mutations within the bacterial genome to confer resistance, beyond those seen in XDR- and MDR-TB. Development of resistance is associated with poor management of cases. As of 2011, drug susceptibility testing is done in less than 5% of TB cases globally
Without
70:. The term was first presented in 2006, in which it showed that TB was resistant to many second line drugs and possibly all the medicines used to treat the disease. Lack of testing made it unclear which drugs the TDR-TB were resistant to.
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103:. They treated him with unconventional drugs that are not usually used for TB in extremely high doses. He stayed in that hospital for over nineteen months, but left cured of TB.
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named
Oswaldo Juarez. Juarez was in the United States for school and to study the English language. About a year later he was voluntarily sent to
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88:' Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases has set up the TDR Tuberculosis Specimen Bank to archive specimens of TDR-TB.
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There have been a few examples of cases in several countries, including India, Iran, and Italy. Cases of TDR-TB have also been reported in the
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Nathanson CM, Cuevas LE, Cunningham J, Perkins MD, Peeling RW, Guillerm M, Moussy F, Ramsay A (November 2010).
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172:"Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in India: Current evidence on diagnosis & management"
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Singla D, Tewari R, Kumar A, Raghava GP, Open Source Drug
Discovery Consortium (March 2013).
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Prasad, Rajendra; Singh, Abhijeet; Balasubramanian, Viswesvaran; Gupta, Nikhil (March 2017).
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310:"Totally Drug Resistant TB | Extremely, TDR, Italy, United States, India, curing TDR, WHO"
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348:"Designing of inhibitors against drug tolerant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (H37Rv)"
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strains that are resistant to a wider range of drugs than strains classified as
280:"The TDR Tuberculosis Specimen Bank: a resource for diagnostic test developers"
34:. Extensively drug resistant tuberculosis is tuberculosis that is resistant to
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142:"WHO | Drug-resistant TB: Totally drug-resistant TB FAQ"
46:, and any of the three second line injectable TB drugs (
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Tuberculosis that is resistant to more drugs than XDR-TB
58:). TDR-TB has been identified in three countries;
95:. The first case was found in a young man from
228:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of April 2024 (
74:tested to be deemed resistant due to lack of
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245:"Totally drug-resistant TB emerges in India"
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113:Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis
32:extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis
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176:The Indian Journal of Medical Research
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20:Totally drug-resistant tuberculosis
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119:Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis
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406:Antibiotic-resistant bacteria
243:Rowland, Katherine (2012).
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101:A.G. Holley State Hospital
352:Chemistry Central Journal
257:10.1038/nature.2012.9797
189:10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_177_16
26:) is a generic term for
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28:tuberculosis
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249:Nature News
52:capreomycin
395:Categories
324:2019-08-15
156:2019-08-15
126:References
40:rifampicin
358:(1): 49.
198:0971-5916
80:testing.
56:kanamycin
36:isoniazid
384:23497593
341:MDRIpred
314:TB Facts
296:20937188
265:84692169
216:28749390
121:(MDR-TB)
115:(XDR-TB)
107:See also
77:in vitro
48:amikacin
375:3639817
207:5555056
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42:, any
24:TDR-TB
261:S2CID
68:Italy
60:India
380:PMID
292:PMID
230:link
212:PMID
194:ISSN
97:Peru
64:Iran
38:and
370:PMC
360:doi
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202:PMC
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180:145
146:WHO
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