Glossary of fencing - Knowledge (XXG)

1407:

the front leg from the knee. Do not bend the front ankle, or lift up on the ball of the front foot. This means that the front foot must move forward prior to the body weight shifting forward. As the front leg extends, energetically push erect body forward with the rear leg. Rear arm extends during forward motion as a counterbalance. Land on the front heel and glide down into final position, with front shin perpendicular to the ground, and both heels on the floor. During this action, the torso should remain relatively erect, and not be thrown forward. Often, the back foot can be pulled along behind during an energetic lunge. It is important, and a fundamental characteristic of the lunge, to fully extend the back leg, obtaining full power from this spring-like extension.

1263:, who watch for hits in a dry fencing bout. The judges watch for hits on the fencer opposite their end of the strip. A judge acknowledges a hit by raising their hand, attracting the attention of the referee (or president of the jury). A judge cannot interpret the right-of-way (foil and sabre), only vote on the touches as described by the referee. In electronically scored foil bouts, hand-judges can be used to watch for a fencer who may be covering valid target area with the unarmed hand. The jury is hardly used anymore due to electric fencing and replays where the referee can watch again to see who made the touch. 1909:. A cross-bar style guard not utilized in modern fencing. The quillions (usually two), on historical swords, extend from the top of the hilt, perpendicular to the line of the blade, on the same plane as the edge(s) of the blade. In simple medieval swords, the quillions usually form the entire guard. In later, more complex hilts, rings and other protective structures were extended in front of the quillions. One or two fingers can be wrapped above the quillions, providing better control of the weapon but endangering some fingers. In Olympic fencing weapons, the Italian grip is the only one that retains quillions. 1622:. In foil, the opponent's blade should not only be deflected away from the target, but away from off-target areas as well. An attack that is deflected off the valid target but onto invalid target still retains right-of-way. In sabre, the opponent's blade need only be deflected away from valid target, since off-target touches do not stop the phrase. Sabre parries must be particularly clean and clear to avoid the possibility of whip-over touches. In épée, a good parry is simply any one that gains enough time for the riposte; opposition parries and 1774:. An attempt to push the opponent's blade aside or out of line from engaged blades. A press can precede a direct or indirect attack, depending on the opponent's reaction, but should be followed by an immediate threat (a full or partial extension). A press which is not followed by a threat may invite a disengage from the opponent, and an attack thereby. From an engagement, press smoothly on the opponent's foible, taking their blade out of line, and perhaps provoking a response. The thumb and fingers should provide the force behind this action. 655:. Another indirect attack, being an attack or deception that passes around the opponent's tip. Following a feint, the blade is pulled up and over the opponent's parrying blade. In foil, this requires use of the fingers and wrist only, since moving the blade backwards at any time during this move invalidates the established right-of-way. Done in proper time, and with proper distance, with the point never being moved backwards, the cut-over retains right-of-way during its entire execution. 2098: 1031: 901: 525:. A parry that moves in a circle to end up in the same position in which it started. A circle-parry usually traps an attack coming in a different line, but in the same high/low line. Thus, the parry 'Circle-Six' (circular outside-high) is effective against attacks in the Four line (inside-high). While commonly referred to as a "counter-parry," due to the circular motion of the parry, a circle parry does not necessarily need to be done in response to a riposte. 1582:

guard of the defender's. This provides the greatest control over the opponent's blade. In sabre, the guard should be turned appropriately using the fingers to protect the wrist. Parries generally cover one of the 'lines' of the body. The simplest parries move the blade in a straight line. Other parries move the blade in a circular, semicircular, or diagonal manner. There are eight basic parries, and many derivatives of these eight. (see

2238:. A counter-attack that attempts to take advantage of an uncertain attack. A properly performed stop hit allows a fencer to counter-attack into an oncoming attack, hit the opponent, and then still parry the oncoming attack (allowing a possible valid riposte as well). It may try to break the continuance of an attack by 'stopping' into it. However, it is still a counter-attack, and does not have right-of-way against a continuous attack. 3126: 31: 3146: 542:(French 'body-to-body') The action of two fencers coming into physical contact with one another with any portion of their bodies or hilts. This is illegal in foil and sabre bouts, and is cause for the referee (director) to halt the fencing action. In épée, it does not violate the spirit of the game, but contact may not be accompanied with any brutality or forcefulness (intentional or not). 1438:

approximately 10 times slower in maraging steel than in carbon-steel. It is a fencing urban myth that a maraging steel blade is designed to break flat; the breakage patterns are identical: both maraging and non-maraging blades break with the same degree of jaggedness. The sole reason for requiring a maraging steel blade (or a non-maraging one that has the same longevity under

1736:

compression and friction. The pommel traditionally acts as a counterweight on non-orthopedic grips of foils and épées, and on all sabres. In electric sabre, it is covered with plastic as to not interfere with the detection of valid hits by allowing stray currents. Orthopedic (pistol-grip) weapons use only a pommel nut, usually fitting inside a cylindrical hole in the grip.

2893: 3136: 1727:

opponent does not have right of way. This can be likened to a spear poking up from the ground: if one throws oneself upon it, one has only oneself to blame. A successful attack on the blade will invalidate a point-in-line or cause the opponent to withdraw their arm. In épée, point-in-line has no right of way advantages, but is still an effective tactic.

1918:

push further down than the supinated wrist (in Quarte). If the point and hand are lifted, this parry can also cover the inside low line with a sweeping action upwards, carrying the opponents point over the outside shoulder. In sabre, the blade is held above the head to protect from head cuts, but should still point slightly forward ready for riposte.

1696:. A partial garment worn under the jacket for padding or for safety. Usually Consists of a sleeve and a chest/abdomen covering, which provides additional padding and protection. An underarm plastron is seamless under the weapon arm, providing no weak seams for a broken blade to rip through. An over-plastron is worn to provide additional padding. 2471:

Note that the vocabulary here is primarily a glossary of modern fencing terms. Over time, the terminology has evolved, and different terminology may be found in Medieval and Renaissance sources. In many cases, English, French, Italian, and even German terminology may be used (often interchangeably)

2428:

In sabre, a touch that results from the foible of the blade whipping over the opponent's guard or blade when parried. Whip-overs are usually not counted, and formerly were a way of saying that even though the blade hit, it was parried prior to body contact, and was not valid. However, with the advent

2276:

The area delimited for valid hits in that weapon. Foil target area consists of the entire torso, including the groin and the bottom of the mask which covers the lame, and down to the waist in back. Head, arms and legs are considered off-target in foil. Épée uses the entire body for target. Sabre uses

1754:

the part of a fencer, often accompanied with a movement forward. In calling the actions in a foil or sabre bout, a referee may indicate preparation on the part of one fencer, meaning the fencer was moving forward without establishing right-of-way, and was vulnerable to an attack made during this time.

1683:

A modern, orthopedic grip, often shaped vaguely like a small pistol (generally with more protrusions than a real pistol’s grip). Varieties are known by names such as Belgian, German, Russian, and Visconti. Orthopedic grips were introduced to aid a fencer who has lost some fingers and was unable to

1581:

A simple defensive action designed to deflect an attack, performed with the forte of the blade. A parry is usually only wide enough to allow the attacker's blade to just miss; any additional motion is wasteful. A well-executed parry should take the foible of the attacker's blade with the forte and/or

1406:

The most basic and common attacking movement in modern fencing. This description adheres basically to the French school of fencing, and describes the legwork involved. The actions of the hand/arm/blade are considered separately from this discussion. From en garde, push the front heel out by extending

964:

An offensive movement resembling an attack in all but its continuance. It is an attack into one line with the intention of switching to another line before the attack is completed. A feint is intended to draw a reaction from an opponent. This is the ‘intention’, and the reaction is generally a parry,

825:

A compound offensive action that describes a complete circle around the opponent's blade, and finishes in the opposite line. The full circle is done in reaction to the opponent’s attempt to parry the attack with one or more parries, generally circular in nature. An attempt to perform a doublé against

602:

A second, third, or further riposte in a fencing 'phrase' or encounter. A counter-riposte is the offensive action following the parry of any riposte. They are numbered so that the riposte is the offensive action following the parry of the attack, counterattack or renewal, the first counter-riposte is

467:

A preparation done in the middle of an attack made with the intention of eliciting a reaction (typically an attempted parry) that provides an opening for the fencer to score a touch with either a new attack, remise, or reprise. Example: Fencer A makes a lunge but withdraws their arm during the lunge;

2112:

A fencing weapon with a flat blade and knuckle guard, used with cutting or thrusting actions; a military sword popular in the 18th to 20th centuries; any cutting sword used by cavalry. The modern fencing sabre is descended from the dueling sabre of Italy and Germany, which was straight and thin with

2074:

The rules for awarding the point in the event of a double touch in foil or sabre. The concept involved in being the first to establish a valid threat to an opponent's target area. Extending is the usual means to establishing this threat. Breaking the extended arm during an attack means relinquishing

2024:

An immediate, direct replacement of an attack that missed, was short, or was parried, without withdrawing the arm. A remise is a direct continuation, meaning that no deceptions or changes of line occur with the continuation (replacement) of the attack. In foil and sabre, a remise does not have right

1753:

Any action that precedes the actual launch of an attack. Preparation usually consists of actions against the opponent's blade to take it out of line, or to provoke a reaction. In foil and sabre, any action that occurs during a phrase or conversation that precedes the establishment of right-of-way on

1735:

Derives from the old French word for 'apple'. This fastener affixes the grip and guard to the tang of the blade. It has female threading, but unlike a nut the threaded hole does not pass through. It is screwed onto the distal end of the tang, locking guard, grip and electric connector is position by

1280:

The electrically conductive jacket worn by foil and sabre fencers. In foil, the lamé extends on the torso from the shoulders to the groin area. It also covers the back. In sabre, the lamé covers both arms, the torso from the shoulders to the waist, and the back. Sabreurs also wear a conductive glove

989:

A cut that lands with the point, often involving some whip of the foible of the blade to strike at a concealed target. In foil and épée, flick attacks often start out without the point directly threatening the target area, and comes in with a circular action, to allow the blade to bend at the end of

373:

A footwork preparation, consisting of a jump forwards. It is most often, but not always, immediately followed by a lunge. It is typically faster than a standard advance but generally covers a much shorter distance. The balestra may be used in order to shift the fencer into a more offensive stance or

2248:

The fencing area, 14 metres (46 ft) long and between 1.5 and 2 metres (4.9 and 6.6 ft) wide. Going off the side of the strip with one foot or both halts the fencing action and gets a penalty of the loss of 1 metre (3.3 ft). The last 2 metres (6.6 ft) on each end are hash-marked,

2045:

A new attack executed immediately after a return to the en garde position. Specifically, this most often refers to the movement of bringing up the back foot from the lunge and lunging again to renew the attack against an opponent who caused the initial attack to miss by retreating. A reprise may be

1917:

Parry #5; blade up and to the inside, wrist pronated. The point is higher than the hand. This parry, more than any other, is subject to different interpretations in different schools (in foil and épée). In foil and épée, this parry generally covers the inside high line, since the pronated wrist can

1819:

In the 1995 revision of the rules for all weapons, priority also refers to rules dealing with a tie score. Priority is awarded when time expires with a tied score. The priority is determined by the flip of a coin at the start of the last minute, and the winner of the toss wins the bout if the score

980:

means 'arrow' in French. The rear leg is brought in front of the front leg and the fencer sprints past the opponent. This action is currently not allowed during sabre bouts, because the front and rear legs must not cross. In épée, a quick pass is essential, since the defending fencer is allowed one

247:

An advance followed immediately by a lunge. The extension can occur before or during the advance, but always before the lunge. A good long-distance attack, especially in combination with Handwork. An advance followed by a lunge might have a tempo of 1-2---3, but an advance-lunge should have a tempo

1458:

In sabre, a circular cut. A moulinet often consists of a parry, usually prime or seconde, moving thence into a circular cut. This action, while flashy and impressive, is slow (since the action pivots around the wrist and elbow) and is rarely used in modern sabre. In historical fencing, this is the

1426:

A special glove-cover worn by sabre fencers on their weapon hand. Covered by a type of brocaded fabric with inwoven metal threads that serve as a conductive surface that aids in the practice of electric fencing, the manchette is worn on the hand and wrist. The manchette is conductive up to but not

816:

A double touch. In épée, two attacks that arrive within 40 ms of each other, resulting in a touch for both opponents. This time margin is handled by the scoring machines, which lock out any touches after the time limit. In foil and saber double touches use right of way to determine who is awarded

799:

A type of feint. Disengages are usually executed in conjunction with an extension/attack, though technically, they are just a deception around the opponent’s blade. To use in an attack, feint an attack with an extension and avoid the opponent's attempt to parry or press the blade, using as small a

458:

A type of historical military sword and fencing weapon popular in the 18th and 19th centuries, similar to a heavy sabre. Beginning only in the late 20th century, this term came to be inappropriately applied to almost any straight-bladed, double-edged, single-handed cutting sword, especially of the

2750:

Ce sont, dit-il, des epees pointues, dont l’extremite porte un bouton rive a 4 militetres au-dessous de la pointe. Le fil poisse s’enroule sur ce bouton comme sur les boutons ordinaires et tient mieux, car il y a plus de prise. On peut lui donner l’epaisseur qu’on veut et, par consequent, laisser

1940:

a precursor to the rapier. As the styles of combat changed, and heavy armor was lightened, the rapier became more focused on the use of the point, and less on heavy cutting strokes. Hilts were designed to allow the forefinger to wrap around a quillion and provide better control. Hilts could be of

1551:

or in opposition, which maintains contact with the blade and pushes against the opponent's action, deflecting it into the laterally opposite line from that in which it was directed. Opposition parries are correctly executed by using leverage rather than strength to deflect the incoming blade. Cf.

303:

A friendly combat between two fencers, where score may or may not be kept, and is generally not a part of any competition. Formerly, public exhibitions (spectator events) were often conducted as assaults, rather than as round-robin or direct-elimination events, especially with a few fencers. (See

282:

Stamping the front foot to the ground, to produce a sound to distract or startle the opponent. This may be made during an advance, or directly from an en garde position. It may precede a lunge, or be used merely as a distraction. An appel is also sometimes called a 'half-advance'. This action may

1437:

A special steel alloy used for making blades rated for international competition. Usually stronger and more durable than conventional carbon-steel blades, but more importantly, it tends to break less frequently than carbon-steel blades. This is because propagation of micro-cracks in the blade is

1075:

A recovery from a lunge, performed by pulling the rear leg up into en garde, rather than pulling the front leg and body backwards. Can be used to gain ground on the opponent more secretly than a standard advance, and when used sparingly can surprise the opponent by changing the expected distance

577:

An attack made against, or into, an attack initiated by the opponent. In foil and sabre, a counter-attack does not have the right-of-way against the opponent’s initiated attack. Counter-attacking is a common tactic in épée, where one may gain a touch by hitting first, and avoiding the opponent’s

421:

A severe penalty. A black card is used to indicate the most serious offences in a fencing competition. The offending fencer is expelled immediately from the event or tournament, regardless of whether they had any prior warnings. A black card can also be used to expel a third party disrupting the

1949:

A return to en garde stance from any other position, generally by pulling backwards into en garde. Recovery from a lunge occurs by reversing the motions in a lunge, and recovering the extended arm last of all. A forward recovery involves moving the rear foot forward to return to en garde. For a

533:

Also composed attack. An attack or riposte incorporating one or more feints to the opposite line that the action finishes in. A compound attack does not necessarily lose right of way during its execution; it just comprises more than one indirect action. Compound attacks are usually used to draw

496:

An engagement of the opponent's blade in the opposite line. Changes of engagement are sometimes performed to place one fencer's blade on the side of the opponent's blade that they feel has an advantage, or could be just to fool with the opponent. Often, a bout with a left-handed fencer versus a

1744:

The technique of gripping a weapon's handle closer to the pommel in order to extend the fencer's reach by a few inches. Posting is a trade-off: the fencer loses a little control over their blade work in return for the greater reach. This is most commonly done in épée, where there is no need to

1726:

An established threat made with the extended arm. A point-in-line is a static threat, created by one fencer by extending the weapon and arm prior to any actions in a phrase. In foil and sabre, a point-in-line has right of way, therefore, if the line is not withdrawn, any attack launched by the

1301:

The means of referring to a position or area on a fencer's body. The idea behind 'lines' is that the torso, as facing the viewer in 'en garde' is bisected both laterally and vertically. There are then four quadrants of the body. The quadrants which are above the lateral line are referred to as

2285:

There is first intention which is a simple attack or thrust. There is second intention in which the attacker seeks to deceive their opponent before the actual thrust. Third intention goes further with two or more actions intended to deceive or place the defender in a position favorable to the

2140:

2. A gesture of respect and civility performed with the weapon. Performed at the start and end of a bout (match, assault, etc.), and also at the start and end of a lesson. At the start of a bout, it is traditional, and expected, to salute the adversary, the referee of the bout, any

2746:

Enfin l’extremite meme de la lame a ete l’objet d’une innovation interessante. M. Ambroise Baudry, estimant que le bouton classique, avec les glissements et les passes, ne realise qu’imparfaitement le coup net et bien arrete de l’epee demouchetee, a imagine et emploie exclusivement dans son

1310:. The fencer's left-hand-side, referred to as chest, is the inside. The fencer's right-hand-side, referred to as flank, is the outside. This is reversed for left-handed fencers. The lower chest side quadrant is then referred to as 'inside low line'. The common parries in foil and epée are: 483:

A method of parrying an offensive action executed by prise-de-fer or in opposition. The defender rotates their blade around their opponent's during the final stages of the offensive action and thus deflects it from the target in the same line as the offensive action was directed. Cf.

2157:

the one intended to score. The fencer may initiate a move, anticipating (or intending to draw) a certain response from the opponent, against which a second action is planned. For example, lunge attack (anticipating that it will be parried), parry the riposte, and hit with a

238:

moves first, beginning by lifting the toes. The leg is straightened at the knee, pushing the heel out in front. Land on the heel, and then bring the back foot up to en garde stance. Also, the term advance is used in general for any movement forward by either step, cross, or

1745:

establish right of way and hitting first can award the touch. Technically it is not legal to slide the hand down the grip during an offensive action (see FIE t.16), so a fencer who wishes to post must do it while the action is stopped, or they risk a possible penalty.

1123:. A cup-shaped metal (steel or aluminum) weapon part which protects the hand. Foils use small concentrically mounted bell guards, épées use larger offset-mounted bell guards, and sabres have a knuckle guard that wraps around the hilt to protect from cuts to the hand. 940:

The simplest action of attacking. A simple offensive action, consisting of extending the weapon arm forward. The point should move in the smoothest possible line towards the target, without wavering. Excess motion can ruin the control needed for precise, consistent

1107:. A very large historical cutting sword, not used in contemporary fencing, generally double-edged, intended for use with both hands. Great swords could be as tall as the swordsman, and were often used as front-line offensive weapons in late 17th-century warfare. 856:

During an encounter between two fencers, the point at which the fencers are close enough to join blades, or to make an effective attack. Blade contact is also referred to as an engagement, whether just standing there, during a parry, attack au fer, or prise de

2249:

to warn a fencer before they back off the end of the strip. Going off the back of the piste with both feet results in a hit being awarded to the opponent. After each touch, fencers begin again at the center of the strip, 4 metres (13 ft) apart.

1664:

There are two types of patinandos, speed and tempo. They are advance lunges but with different tempos. The speed patinando is a fast step and a lunge, while the tempo patinando is a slow step (to get a slow response from one's opponent) and a fast

787:) A term no longer commonly used in English referring to the referee in a bout. In foil and sabre, the director determines the priority of touches according to the rules of right of way; the director is also responsible for enforcing rules. See 724:

An attack made with the edge of the blade. Cuts, that is, attempts to hit with the edge, are only valid in sabre. It is not a chopping movement as those are used to transmit impulse which is advisable for point heavy weapons like axes and maces

1656:, or cross forward. A forwards footwork action. The rear foot moves in front of forward foot on the body's inside. From the crossed position, the front foot moves forward into the 'en garde' stance. Note: Passing forward is illegal in sabre. 1243:

A traditional hilt with finger rings and crossbar. Used only in foil and épée. The Italian grip provides more grip than the French grip, but less than a pistol-grip. The finger rings and crossbar are descendants of the swords that used

409:; An action in which one fencer forces the opponent's blade into the diagonally opposite line, (that is, from high line to low line on the opposite side, or vice versa) by taking it with the guard and forte of their own blade. See also 2294:

that "The great fencer uses the latter (2nd intention) predominantly, exploiting their value and comparative safety to the utmost. But this is not all. Against intelligent adversaries, he frequently uses the third and even the fourth

1958:

Used to indicate repeated minor rule infractions or a major rule infraction by one of the fencers; results in a point being given to the other fencer, and often the annulment of any touch which would have been made by the offending

800:

circular motion as possible. Circle under the opponent's blade. The first extension must be a believable feint in order to draw a reaction. Be prepared to proceed forward with a straight attack if no parry response is forthcoming.

382:

A simple preparatory motion. A sharp controlled blow to the middle or 'weak' of the opponents blade, with the objective of provoking a reaction or creating an opening. The action should knock the opponent's blade aside or out of

565:. An attack or feint that slides along the opponent's blade. In performing a sliding action along the opponent’s blade, it is generally the goal to establish leverage by moving forte against foible, or forte to forte. Also see, 1537:

1. A method of executing an offensive or counter-offensive action whereby the fencer maintains blade contact throughout the action in order to control the opponent's weapon and prevent it from hitting. Cf.

2217:

Also court sword. A light duelling sword, not used in modern fencing, popular in the 18th century. These were, as often as not, a fashion accessory as much as a gentleman’s weapon, and were decorated as such. The

1935:

A long, double-edged thrusting sword, not used in modern fencing, popular in the 16th and 17th centuries. Rapiers began as swords which were designed to use the point, in addition to heavy cuts. Some consider the

2086:

2. An attack with right-of-way following a valid parry. A simple (or direct) riposte goes straight from the parry position to the target. A riposte may attack in any line. Consider its equivalent in a

364:

A type of historical heavy sabre, not used in contemporary fencing, generally single-edged with a ‘false edge’ down the top third of the back of the blade. Typified by a basket hilt. In use from the 16th to 20th

430:

The insulated wire that runs under a fencer's jacket, connecting the electrical competition weapon to the reel, and thence to the scoring machine. The body cord also connects to the lamé causing it to become

2472:

for the same thing. It should also be noted that American and British English differ in several points of fencing terminology, though some effort has been made in this article to indicate both conventions.

2462:

deflecting the incoming attack by maintaining contact with the blade and changing the point of contact between the blades, moving from a position of poor leverage to one using the forte for strong leverage.

1967:

An additional offensive action made after a previous offensive action (attack, riposte, counterattack or renewal) has failed and made with some further blade action, such as feints and disengages. See also

1396:. A larger cutting sword, not used in contemporary fencing, that could be use with one or two hands. Manuals detailing the use of such swords are among the earliest extant, dating back to the 14th century. 2207:

Parry #6; blade up and to the outside, wrist supinated. The point is higher than the hand. Covers the outside high line. This is generally the parry taught as the basic en garde position in foil and épée.

2174:

A parry that moves from a high line to a low line, or vice versa. The parry can also cross the body. The parry must be made in a semicircle to provide the enveloping movement needed to trap the attacking

439:

An assault at which the score is kept. Usually refers to a match between two fencers in a competition. This is the term used in the US to generally denote any combat between fencers, replacing the terms

1046:

A fencing weapon with rectangular cross-section blade and a small bell guard. More generally, any sword that has been buttoned or had its point turned back to render it less dangerous for practice.

755:

An avoidance of an attempt to take the blade. A derobement is a reaction to the opponent's attempt to entrap, beat, press or take the blade, in a circular, lateral, vertical or diagonal motion.

1642:. A backwards footwork action. The front foot moves behind the rear foot on the body's outside. Landing on the ball of the front foot, the rear foot moves backwards to the 'en garde' stance. 534:

multiple reactions from an opponent, or against an opponent who uses complex parries. A counter-attack into a compound attack must hit a clear tempo ahead of the compound attack to be valid.

3243: 1028:

The top third of the blade. This section of the blade is weaker in terms of leverage, and is used for beats, presses, and other motions where speed is needed and leverage is not crucial.

611:

Attempting to score by provoking an opponent to make a defensive reaction then defending against that reaction. Example: Fencer executes an attack which will purposefully fall short (see

915:

A fencing weapon with triangular cross-section blade and a large bell guard; also a light dueling sword of similar design, popular in the mid-19th century, which was also called an

2319:

Parry #3; blade up and to the outside, wrist pronated. The point is significantly higher than the hand. Covers the outside high line. This is the basic en garde position in sabre.

1816:

In sabre and foil, the rules that decide which fencer will be awarded the touch in the event that they both attack simultaneously; sometimes used synonymously with "right-of-way."

2145:

rules now state that failure to salute an opponent and shake their hand at the end of a bout is an offense punishable by a black card - meaning elimination from the competition.

1067:) is the bottom third of the blade, so named for the strength in leverage that it provides. Fencers should always perform parries with the forte and never hit opponents with it. 468:

Fencer B attempts to parry fencer A's lunge but fails to because fencer A withdrew their arm/blade. Fencer A makes an immediate remise against Fencer B who is now vulnerable.

676:; an action in which one fencer forces the opponent's blade into the high or low line on the same side, by taking it with the guard and forte of their own blade. See also 3344: 3182: 1808:

Parry #1: blade down and to the inside, wrist pronated. The point is significantly lower than the hand. Covers the inside low-line. (This is a rare sabre parry.)

1193:

Fencing at closed distance, where the distance between the two fencers is such that the weapon must be withdrawn before the point can threaten or hit the target.

2166:

Parry #2; blade down and to the outside, wrist pronated. The point is significantly lower than the hand. Covers the outside low line in sabre, replacing octave.

1718:

named a three-pointed prong attachment that could catch on the opponent's clothing, used in competitive fencing to better simulate the catch of a sharp weapon.

316:

The initial offensive action made by extending the sword arm and continuously threatening the valid target of the opponent with the point (or blade at sabre).

2066:

The basic backwards movement. Rear foot reaches backwards and is firmly planted, then front leg pushes body weight backwards smoothly into 'en garde' stance.

2856: 2430: 2142: 1439: 2129:

A sort of choreographed demonstration of arms, consisting of sets of fencers saluting, attacking, parrying, drilling and performing set routines in chorus.

830:

parry results in the attack running onto the opponent’s blade, and parrying itself. For a compound action deceiving lateral or semi-circular parries, see

2137:

1. A blade action performed before a bout or lesson. Indicates respect and good sportsmanship. A handshake is usually exchanged after a bout.

3448: 3443: 3418: 1515:

A compound offensive action consisting of a disengage feint followed by a disengage to deceive a lateral, diagonal or semi-circular parry. See also

3533: 3349: 3200: 893:

An action to seize the opponent's blade in one line and lead it (without losing contact) through a full circle to end in the same line. See also

2303:

A type of épée body wire/connector; also an old-fashioned tip that would snag clothing to make it easier to detect hits in the pre-electric era.

3223: 1289:

The main direction of an attack (e.g., high/low, inside/outside), often equated to the parry that must be made to deflect the attack; see also

603:

the offensive action following the parry of the riposte, the second counter-riposte follows the parry of the first counter-riposte, and so on.

3233: 1020:, but ends with a hop, skipping past the opponent. The rear leg is not brought in front of the front leg to ensure compliance with the rules. 981:

attack after the pass, so long as the defender's attack is in one action, with or without a parry, initiated before the pass is completed.

2004:

An offensive action made immediately after a previous offensive action has missed or been parried. There are three types of renewal: the

1281:

cover called a manchette on their weapon hand. The lamé is connected to the body cord with an alligator clip causing it to be conductive.

3270: 3213: 578:

attack. Counter-attacks, especially in épée, are often accompanied by an action on the blade (beat, opposition, prise-de-fer, transfer).

2725: 3175: 513:. A beat that is preceded by a circle under the opponent's blade. This can provoke a reaction with a beat from an unexpected quarter. 3361: 3297: 2826: 2616: 38: 3368: 3285: 2760: 1782:

French adjective for 'ready'. Spoken by the director at outset to ask if fencers are ready to fight. Full commencing phrase is

256:

Command used to commence action between fencers. French imperative meaning 'go' or 'come on!' Full phrase spoken at outset is

3428: 3373: 2907: 2546:

German medieval fencing term for a curving pass of the blade, as opposed to a straight blade action, the Cross, Quer or Twer.

1480:. Originally used in sabre, to defend the back against a passing or overtaking opponent. Covers the outside line on the back. 3528: 3501: 3433: 3168: 1704:

In foil and épée, the point is the only part of the blade with which to score points. The point may also be used in sabre.

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Parry #8; blade down and to the outside, wrist supinated. The point is lower than the hand. Covers the outside low line.

3488: 3334: 2912: 2183:

Parry #7; blade down and to the inside, wrist supinated. The point is lower than the hand. Covers the inside low line.

1893:

Parry #4; blade up and to the inside, wrist supinated. The point is higher than the hand. Covers the inside high line.

1712:

In electric fencing, the spring-loaded component that completes the button at the tip of the blade. Historically, the

3438: 3292: 3280: 3238: 1474:

Parry #9 (literally, French for 'ninth'); blade behind the back, pointing down; alternatively, similar to elevated

3398: 3393: 3302: 3218: 1459:

circular motion of the fighter's blade around the opponent's blade. The hilt does not move during this maneuver.

3468: 3463: 3423: 2524:

1. Spoken by the director at outset to ask if fencers are ready to fence. Full commencing phrase is

1138:

An order spoken by the referee or director of a fencing bout in order to direct the fencers to cease fencing.

3413: 3265: 3255: 3228: 2958: 775:

An attack or riposte that finishes in the same line in which it was formed, with no feints out of that line.

932:

An evasive move to dodge or sidestep the attacker’s attack, generally followed with an attack of one's own.

3483: 3453: 3408: 3020: 2731: 2489: 2754:

Cette pointe ne presente donc aucun danger, mais elle marque le coupe et arrete le tireur qui est touche.

3322: 2819: 2433:

has resolved this by introducing a new standard of stiffness for sabre blades (put into effect in 1999).

1677: 1411:, of the Italian school of fencing, wrote an extensive description of how the lunge should be executed. 763:

A method of executing a riposte (or counter-riposte) by leaving contact with the opponent's blade. Cf.

2141:

additional judges for the bout, and then, optionally, others (the timekeeper, scorekeeper, etc.). The

1527:

deflecting the incoming attack without ever losing contact with the blade from the initial engagement.

3065: 2494:

1. Spoken by the director at outset to alert fencers to take their positions. From French

3458: 3317: 3312: 3260: 3139: 3111: 3005: 2943: 2101:

A sabre fencer. Valid target (everything from the waist up, including the arms and head) is in red.

969: 2727:

Popular Mechanics "Noncarbon steel in fencing weapons reduces the chances of breakage and injury."

3473: 3149: 3025: 2948: 2938: 2846: 2627: 956:

An attack that is intended to miss or fall short, so as to produce a reaction from the opponent.

841:

Fencing without electric scoring aids. "Dry" weapons have plastic or rubber buttons on the tips.

2097: 3478: 3329: 3275: 3086: 3055: 2917: 2761:

https://www.benjaminarms.com/research/fencing-sword-specifications/french-epee-specifications/

1274: 1030: 900: 3523: 3378: 3129: 2990: 2985: 2812: 1545:

2. An opposition parry is a parry taken against an offensive action executed by

3081: 3060: 3050: 3010: 2975: 2970: 2962: 2933: 2882: 2598:

1. A powerful, diagonally descending blow. Technique used in German Longsword (

2559:

1. Spoken by the director to start or resume a bout. Full commencing phrase is

2376: 2371: 2351: 2336: 2328: 2242: 2106: 1575: 1400: 1063: 226:

The situation in a bout when the opposing blades are not touching; opposite of engagement.

865:

Spoken at outset to alert fencers to take defensive positions. Full commencing phrase is

1209:

An attack or riposte that finishes in a line different from that in which it was formed.

343:(French) A warning; used to indicate a minor rule infraction by one of the fencers. See 3000: 2877: 2219: 1834:; an engagement of the blades that attempts to control the opponent's weapon. See also 1431: 1040: 2390:

The action of hitting an opponent at the end of a feint, after a successful deception.

3517: 3101: 2379:

word for 'touched' is used to acknowledge a hit, called out by the fencer who is hit.

2311:

An attack made by moving the sword parallel to its length and landing with the point.

1172:. Italian grip weapons will also have quillions and a ricasso as a part of the hilt. 2199:

In foil and sabre, two attacks for which the right-of-way is too close to determine.

1628:

are commonly used, since they do not release the opponent's blade to allow a remise.

586:

A second, third, or further parry done in the fencing 'phrase,' typically against a

3106: 3015: 1824: 1531: 1237: 1159: 887: 659: 497:

right-handed will see both of them jockey for position with changes of engagements.

406: 399: 459:

Medieval and Renaissance eras. The broadsword is not used in contemporary fencing.

2075:

right-of-way. An opponent can take right-of-way by parrying the opponent's blade.

3091: 2083:

1. An attack made immediately after a parry of the opponent's attack.

1155: 1080: 30: 17: 2783: 3096: 2684: 2211: 1564:

The direction away from the front of the body. (The right for a right-hander.)

1442:

testing) is that fewer blade breaks means less potential for follow-on injury.

1097: 452: 235: 2872: 2363: 2277:

all the body area above the waist, except the hands and the back of the head.

909: 283:

also be used to halt a bout, often by stamping the trailing foot insistently.

3045: 2454:, 'warning'. Used to indicate a minor rule infraction by one of the fencers. 2287: 1408: 1386: 358: 2795: 1233:

A line that is intentionally left open to encourage the opponent to attack.

990:

the attack, placing the point on target, possibly by whipping past a parry.

2666: 2340:). Used by the referee to declare that a touch has been made. The phrase 3160: 2995: 2892: 2835: 1334:(inside-low). Angled (up-and-down) parries can also be used. In sabre, 46: 2650:

Sixth edition, Glossary, pp 107–111, Kendall/Hunt Dubuque Iowa, (1976)

1217:

The direction to the front of the body. (The left for a right-hander.)

1055: 1929: 2355:; English: 'no touch') indicates that the hit should not be counted. 2153:

In general, a term used to imply that the first action initiated is

2712: 716:). In sabre, crossing the feet while moving forwards is prohibited. 696:

An advance or retreat by crossing one leg over the other; see also

2980: 1950:

center recovery, both feet move towards the center simultaneously.

1937: 1874:

Having the hand in a position where the palm faces downwards. See

1086:

A traditional hilt with a slightly curved grip and a large pommel.

395:

to deflect the opponents blade, creating an opening for a riposte.

2429:

of electric sabre, whip-overs are being allowed more often. The

1427:

exceeding the wrist area. It is worn in conjunction with a lamé.

1175: 3164: 2808: 177: 2759:

Claude la Marche, 1898. Unknown source, but accessible thus:

53: 29: 2804: 2747:

enseignement et dans ses assauts l’epee a pointe d’arret.

2222:

was developed as a training sword for smallsword practice.

2257:

The position of the hand when the palm is facing up. See

904:

An Épée fencer. Valid target (the entire body) is in red.

1146:

The part of the sword held by the fencer. Comprises the

1941:

complex 'swept-hilt' design, or shaped like a deep cup.

2398:

A type of body-wire/connector, used in foil and sabre.

374:

as a way of altering the tempo of the fencing phrase.

2751:

libre la longueur des points qu’on juge convenable.

1762:

Offering one's blade for engagement by the opponent.

1225:

Forcing an attack through the parry, using strength.

3074: 3034: 2957: 2926: 2900: 2865: 1150:(be it a basket, bell guard, quillons, etc.), the 1034:A foil fencer. Valid target (the torso) is in red. 391:The parry of an incoming thrust or attack using a 1673:An attack that passes the target without hitting. 1450:The aggregate of bouts between two fencing teams. 234:The 'advance' is the basic forward movement. The 2016:(made after returning to the en garde position). 871:('On guard! Ready? Go!' For two female fencers, 2744: 808:Moving the target to avoid an attack; dodging. 3176: 2820: 2191:An attack or riposte that involves no feints. 590:or counter-riposte, and often as a result of 327:An attack on the opponent's blade, such as a 218:When a judge cannot tell if a touch was made. 8: 2599: 2566: 2560: 2531: 2525: 2507: 2501: 2495: 2449: 2341: 1795: 1789: 1783: 1713: 1651: 1637: 1623: 1546: 1475: 1377: 1371: 1365: 1359: 1353: 1347: 1341: 1335: 1329: 1323: 1317: 1311: 1015: 1009: 999: 975: 916: 878: 872: 866: 711: 701: 269: 263: 257: 178:Historical and foreign fencing terminology 2025:of way over an immediate riposte. See also 1830:(French: literally 'take the steel'); also 3183: 3169: 3161: 2827: 2813: 2805: 2711:Association for Renaissance Martial Arts, 2467:Historical and foreign fencing terminology 1539: 619:from the opponent, then responding to the 1014:'. Rather the fencer starts as if with a 2121:(French: 'room') A fencing hall or club. 2096: 2046:direct, indirect, or compound. See also 1029: 899: 2639: 2707: 2705: 1201:An attack which is correctly executed. 2671:FIE: International Fencing Federation 2660: 2658: 2656: 2370: 2350: 2335: 1382:is used in sabre to protect the head. 1062: 591: 7: 3135: 2665:federation international d'escrime. 2479: 2441: 2421: 2406: 2269: 2095: 1926: 1886: 1572: 1488: 1467: 1419: 1271: 1252: 1186: 1131: 1094: 949: 849: 733: 476: 355: 211: 2857:Fédération Internationale d'Escrime 2673:. International Fencing Federation. 2667:"Introduction To The Three Weapons" 1996:. The mediator of the fencing bout. 707: 3345:Australian and New Zealand punting 1290: 25: 2617:Glossary of Italian fencing terms 2573:2. 'Let's go, come on' 2113:sharp edges, but had a blunt end. 2055: 2034: 2009: 1553: 894: 697: 685: 612: 566: 410: 332: 39:Glossary of Italian fencing terms 3144: 3134: 3125: 3124: 2891: 1855: 1163: 344: 3201:Sports terms named after people 3145: 2538:2. 'ready, prepared' 2012:(indirect or compound) and the 1875: 1859: 1346:to guard the inside-high line, 764: 485: 197: 3534:Glossaries of fighting systems 2908:Fencing at the Summer Olympics 2713:Historical Fencing Terminology 2258: 1843: 1: 1863: 1615: 1504: 677: 640: 620: 616: 292: 192: 2784:Why Study Classical Fencing? 2685:"Beat Parry in Foil Fencing" 2607:2. 'Wrathful hew' 2500:. Full commencing phrase is 2047: 2030: 2026: 2013: 1977: 1969: 1607: 1587: 1364:on the inside-low line, and 831: 788: 628: 587: 187: 3350:North American horse racing 2913:World Fencing Championships 2798:(Accessed December 5, 2012) 2051: 2005: 1973: 1851: 1611: 1599: 1595: 1591: 1516: 1167: 965:which can then be deceived. 744: 182: 3550: 2796:Frequently Asked Questions 2715:(accessed 5 December 2012) 2691:. ExpertVillage Leaf Group 2614: 1839: 1820:is tied when time expires. 1619: 1603: 1583: 1173: 681: 624: 45:glossary of terms used in 36: 3497: 3234:Australian rules football 3209: 3196: 3120: 2889: 2842: 1847: 1835: 1788:(For two female fencers, 328: 305: 262:(For two female fencers, 2794:Whitman College Fencing 2734:. July 1996. p. 73. 3449:Skiing and snowboarding 3444:Skiing and snowboarding 1785:En garde! Prêts? Allez! 1684:use a traditional grip. 1259:The four officials, or 868:En garde! Prêts? Allez! 259:En garde! Prêts? Allez! 3419:Professional wrestling 2774:Aldo Nadi "On Fencing" 2765: 2732:The Hearst Corporation 2600: 2567: 2561: 2532: 2526: 2508: 2502: 2496: 2450: 2342: 2102: 1796: 1790: 1784: 1714: 1652: 1638: 1624: 1547: 1540:#Detachment in a parry 1476: 1378: 1372: 1366: 1360: 1354: 1348: 1342: 1336: 1330: 1324: 1318: 1312: 1035: 1016: 1010: 1000: 976: 917: 905: 879: 873: 867: 837:Dry (USA) / Steam (UK) 712: 702: 270: 264: 258: 168: 163: 158: 153: 148: 143: 138: 133: 128: 123: 118: 113: 108: 103: 98: 93: 88: 83: 78: 73: 68: 63: 34: 2927:Modern fencing topics 2368:French pronunciation: 2348:French pronunciation: 2333:French pronunciation: 2100: 1394:hand-and-a-half sword 1060:French pronunciation: 1033: 903: 826:an opponent who does 759:Detachment in a parry 33: 27:Terms used in fencing 3529:Glossaries of sports 3224:Association football 3191:Glossaries of sports 2413:Thrust-avoiding leap 1352:becomes more erect, 492:Change of engagement 3112:Martial arts manual 2944:High school fencing 2852:Glossary of fencing 2648:Basic Foil Fencing, 2290:stated in his book 1740:Pomelling (Posting) 1328:(outside-low), and 2949:Wheelchair fencing 2939:Collegiate fencing 2847:History of fencing 2646:Charles Simonian, 2628:Outline of fencing 2601:Kunst Des Fechtens 2331:word for 'touch' ( 2170:Semicircular parry 2103: 1694:underarm protector 1036: 906: 35: 3510: 3509: 3271:Canadian football 3214:American football 3158: 3157: 3087:Modern pentathlon 2918:Fencing World Cup 2901:Main competitions 2352:[pɑdətuʃ] 1306:, those below as 1008: – a 'saber 998:A portmanteau of 592:#Second-intention 331:attack. Also see 287:Arrêt à bon temps 16:(Redirected from 3541: 3185: 3178: 3171: 3162: 3148: 3147: 3140:Commons category 3138: 3137: 3128: 3127: 3075:Related articles 2895: 2829: 2822: 2815: 2806: 2799: 2792: 2786: 2781: 2775: 2772: 2766: 2763: 2742: 2736: 2735: 2722: 2716: 2709: 2700: 2699: 2697: 2696: 2681: 2675: 2674: 2662: 2651: 2644: 2603: 2570: 2564: 2535: 2529: 2511: 2505: 2499: 2491: 2453: 2374: 2369: 2354: 2349: 2345: 2339: 2334: 2158:counter-riposte. 2149:Second-intention 1832:taking the blade 1799: 1793: 1787: 1717: 1655: 1641: 1627: 1550: 1523:Opposition parry 1479: 1381: 1375: 1369: 1363: 1357: 1351: 1345: 1339: 1333: 1327: 1321: 1316:(outside-high), 1315: 1105:two-handed sword 1076:between fencers. 1071:Forward recovery 1066: 1061: 1019: 1013: 1003: 979: 920: 882: 876: 870: 736:Debile or Debole 715: 705: 273: 267: 261: 222:Absence of blade 58: 21: 18:Touché (fencing) 3549: 3548: 3544: 3543: 3542: 3540: 3539: 3538: 3514: 3513: 3511: 3506: 3493: 3298:Contract bridge 3205: 3192: 3189: 3159: 3154: 3116: 3082:List of fencers 3070: 3030: 2953: 2934:Olympic fencing 2922: 2896: 2887: 2861: 2838: 2833: 2803: 2802: 2793: 2789: 2782: 2778: 2773: 2769: 2764: 2758: 2743: 2739: 2724: 2723: 2719: 2710: 2703: 2694: 2692: 2683: 2682: 2678: 2664: 2663: 2654: 2645: 2641: 2636: 2624: 2619: 2613: 2590: 2578: 2551: 2543: 2516: 2483: 2478: 2469: 2459: 2445: 2440: 2425: 2420: 2410: 2405: 2395: 2384: 2372:[tuˈʃe] 2367: 2360: 2347: 2332: 2324: 2316: 2308: 2300: 2282: 2281:Third intention 2273: 2268: 2254: 2245: 2227: 2214: 2204: 2196: 2188: 2180: 2171: 2163: 2150: 2134: 2126: 2125:Salut des armes 2118: 2109: 2094: 2080: 2071: 2063: 2042: 2021: 2001: 1985: 1964: 1955: 1946: 1932: 1925: 1914: 1898: 1890: 1885: 1871: 1827: 1813: 1805: 1779: 1767: 1759: 1750: 1741: 1732: 1723: 1709: 1701: 1689: 1680: 1670: 1661: 1647: 1633: 1578: 1571: 1561: 1534: 1524: 1512: 1500: 1492: 1487: 1471: 1466: 1455: 1447: 1434: 1423: 1418: 1403: 1389: 1322:(inside-high), 1298: 1286: 1277: 1270: 1256: 1251: 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3290: 3289: 3288: 3286:computer chess 3283: 3281:chess problems 3273: 3268: 3263: 3258: 3253: 3248: 3247: 3246: 3244:derived idioms 3236: 3231: 3226: 3221: 3216: 3210: 3207: 3206: 3204: 3203: 3197: 3194: 3193: 3190: 3188: 3187: 3180: 3173: 3165: 3156: 3155: 3153: 3152: 3142: 3132: 3121: 3118: 3117: 3115: 3114: 3109: 3104: 3099: 3094: 3089: 3084: 3078: 3076: 3072: 3071: 3069: 3068: 3063: 3058: 3053: 3048: 3042: 3040: 3032: 3031: 3029: 3028: 3023: 3018: 3013: 3008: 3003: 2998: 2993: 2988: 2983: 2978: 2973: 2967: 2965: 2955: 2954: 2952: 2951: 2946: 2941: 2936: 2930: 2928: 2924: 2923: 2921: 2920: 2915: 2910: 2904: 2902: 2898: 2897: 2890: 2888: 2886: 2885: 2880: 2875: 2869: 2867: 2863: 2862: 2860: 2859: 2854: 2849: 2843: 2840: 2839: 2834: 2832: 2831: 2824: 2817: 2809: 2801: 2800: 2787: 2776: 2767: 2756: 2737: 2717: 2701: 2676: 2652: 2638: 2637: 2635: 2632: 2631: 2630: 2623: 2620: 2615:Main article: 2612: 2609: 2608: 2605: 2596: 2591: 2588: 2586: 2584: 2579: 2576: 2574: 2571: 2557: 2552: 2549: 2547: 2544: 2541: 2539: 2536: 2522: 2517: 2514: 2512: 2492: 2484: 2481: 2477: 2474: 2468: 2465: 2464: 2463: 2460: 2458:Yielding parry 2457: 2455: 2446: 2443: 2439: 2436: 2435: 2434: 2426: 2423: 2419: 2416: 2415: 2414: 2411: 2408: 2404: 2401: 2400: 2399: 2396: 2393: 2391: 2385: 2382: 2380: 2361: 2358: 2356: 2325: 2322: 2320: 2317: 2314: 2312: 2309: 2306: 2304: 2301: 2298: 2296: 2283: 2280: 2278: 2274: 2271: 2267: 2264: 2263: 2262: 2255: 2252: 2250: 2246: 2241: 2239: 2228: 2225: 2223: 2215: 2210: 2208: 2205: 2202: 2200: 2197: 2194: 2192: 2189: 2186: 2184: 2181: 2178: 2176: 2172: 2169: 2167: 2164: 2161: 2159: 2151: 2148: 2146: 2138: 2135: 2132: 2130: 2127: 2124: 2122: 2119: 2116: 2114: 2110: 2105: 2093: 2090: 2089: 2088: 2084: 2081: 2078: 2076: 2072: 2069: 2067: 2064: 2061: 2059: 2043: 2040: 2038: 2022: 2019: 2017: 2008:(direct), the 2002: 1999: 1997: 1986: 1983: 1981: 1965: 1962: 1960: 1956: 1953: 1951: 1947: 1944: 1942: 1933: 1928: 1924: 1921: 1920: 1919: 1915: 1912: 1910: 1899: 1896: 1894: 1891: 1888: 1884: 1881: 1880: 1879: 1872: 1869: 1867: 1828: 1823: 1821: 1817: 1814: 1811: 1809: 1806: 1803: 1801: 1780: 1777: 1775: 1768: 1765: 1763: 1760: 1757: 1755: 1751: 1748: 1746: 1742: 1739: 1737: 1733: 1730: 1728: 1724: 1721: 1719: 1710: 1708:Pointe d'arrêt 1707: 1705: 1702: 1699: 1697: 1690: 1687: 1685: 1681: 1676: 1674: 1671: 1668: 1666: 1662: 1659: 1657: 1648: 1645: 1643: 1634: 1632:Pass backwards 1631: 1629: 1579: 1574: 1570: 1567: 1566: 1565: 1562: 1559: 1557: 1543: 1535: 1530: 1528: 1525: 1522: 1520: 1513: 1510: 1508: 1501: 1498: 1496: 1493: 1490: 1486: 1483: 1482: 1481: 1472: 1469: 1465: 1462: 1461: 1460: 1456: 1453: 1451: 1448: 1445: 1443: 1435: 1432:Maraging steel 1430: 1428: 1424: 1421: 1417: 1414: 1413: 1412: 1404: 1399: 1397: 1390: 1385: 1383: 1299: 1296: 1294: 1291:#Point-in-line 1287: 1284: 1282: 1278: 1273: 1269: 1266: 1265: 1264: 1257: 1254: 1250: 1247: 1246: 1245: 1241: 1236: 1234: 1231: 1228: 1226: 1223: 1220: 1218: 1215: 1212: 1210: 1207: 1204: 1202: 1199: 1196: 1194: 1191: 1188: 1184: 1181: 1180: 1179: 1174:Main article: 1144: 1141: 1139: 1136: 1133: 1129: 1126: 1125: 1124: 1113: 1110: 1108: 1101: 1096: 1092: 1089: 1088: 1087: 1084: 1079: 1077: 1073: 1070: 1068: 1064:[fɔrt] 1052: 1049: 1047: 1044: 1039: 1037: 1026: 1023: 1021: 996: 993: 991: 987: 984: 982: 973: 968: 966: 962: 959: 957: 954: 951: 947: 944: 943: 942: 938: 935: 933: 927: 924: 922: 913: 908: 898: 891: 886: 884: 863: 860: 858: 854: 851: 847: 844: 843: 842: 839: 836: 834: 823: 820: 818: 814: 811: 809: 806: 803: 801: 797: 794: 792: 781: 778: 776: 773: 770: 768: 761: 758: 756: 753: 750: 748: 738: 735: 731: 728: 727: 726: 722: 719: 717: 694: 691: 689: 663: 658: 656: 649: 646: 644: 637: 634: 632: 609: 606: 604: 600: 597: 595: 584: 581: 579: 575: 573:Counter-attack 572: 570: 548: 545: 543: 540: 537: 535: 531: 528: 526: 519: 516: 514: 503: 500: 498: 494: 491: 489: 481: 478: 474: 471: 470: 469: 465: 462: 460: 456: 451: 449: 437: 434: 432: 428: 425: 423: 419: 416: 414: 403: 398: 396: 389: 386: 384: 380: 377: 375: 371: 368: 366: 362: 357: 353: 350: 349: 348: 341: 338: 336: 322: 320:Attaque au fer 319: 317: 314: 311: 309: 301: 298: 296: 289: 286: 284: 280: 277: 275: 254: 251: 249: 245: 242: 240: 232: 229: 227: 224: 221: 219: 216: 213: 209: 206: 201: 200: 195: 190: 185: 180: 172: 171: 166: 161: 156: 151: 146: 141: 136: 131: 126: 121: 116: 111: 106: 101: 96: 91: 86: 81: 76: 71: 66: 60: 55: 54: 52: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3546: 3535: 3532: 3530: 3527: 3525: 3522: 3521: 3519: 3503: 3500: 3499: 3496: 3490: 3487: 3485: 3482: 3480: 3477: 3475: 3472: 3470: 3467: 3465: 3462: 3460: 3457: 3455: 3452: 3450: 3447: 3445: 3442: 3440: 3437: 3435: 3432: 3430: 3427: 3425: 3422: 3420: 3417: 3415: 3412: 3410: 3407: 3405: 3402: 3400: 3397: 3395: 3392: 3390: 3387: 3385: 3382: 3380: 3377: 3375: 3372: 3370: 3367: 3363: 3362:Italian terms 3360: 3359: 3358: 3355: 3351: 3348: 3346: 3343: 3342: 3341: 3338: 3336: 3333: 3331: 3328: 3324: 3321: 3320: 3319: 3316: 3314: 3311: 3309: 3306: 3304: 3301: 3299: 3296: 3294: 3291: 3287: 3284: 3282: 3279: 3278: 3277: 3274: 3272: 3269: 3267: 3264: 3262: 3259: 3257: 3254: 3252: 3249: 3245: 3242: 3241: 3240: 3237: 3235: 3232: 3230: 3227: 3225: 3222: 3220: 3217: 3215: 3212: 3211: 3208: 3202: 3199: 3198: 3195: 3186: 3181: 3179: 3174: 3172: 3167: 3166: 3163: 3151: 3143: 3141: 3133: 3131: 3123: 3122: 3119: 3113: 3110: 3108: 3105: 3103: 3102:Swordsmanship 3100: 3098: 3095: 3093: 3090: 3088: 3085: 3083: 3080: 3079: 3077: 3073: 3067: 3064: 3062: 3059: 3057: 3054: 3052: 3049: 3047: 3044: 3043: 3041: 3038: 3033: 3027: 3024: 3022: 3019: 3017: 3014: 3012: 3009: 3007: 3004: 3002: 2999: 2997: 2994: 2992: 2989: 2987: 2984: 2982: 2979: 2977: 2974: 2972: 2969: 2968: 2966: 2964: 2960: 2956: 2950: 2947: 2945: 2942: 2940: 2937: 2935: 2932: 2931: 2929: 2925: 2919: 2916: 2914: 2911: 2909: 2906: 2905: 2903: 2899: 2894: 2884: 2881: 2879: 2876: 2874: 2871: 2870: 2868: 2864: 2858: 2855: 2853: 2850: 2848: 2845: 2844: 2841: 2837: 2830: 2825: 2823: 2818: 2816: 2811: 2810: 2807: 2797: 2791: 2788: 2785: 2780: 2777: 2771: 2768: 2762: 2755: 2752: 2748: 2741: 2738: 2733: 2729: 2728: 2721: 2718: 2714: 2708: 2706: 2702: 2690: 2686: 2680: 2677: 2672: 2668: 2661: 2659: 2657: 2653: 2649: 2643: 2640: 2633: 2629: 2626: 2625: 2621: 2618: 2610: 2606: 2602: 2597: 2595: 2592: 2587: 2585: 2583: 2580: 2575: 2572: 2569: 2563: 2558: 2556: 2553: 2548: 2545: 2540: 2537: 2534: 2528: 2523: 2521: 2518: 2513: 2510: 2504: 2498: 2493: 2488: 2485: 2480: 2475: 2473: 2466: 2461: 2456: 2452: 2451:avertissement 2447: 2442: 2437: 2432: 2427: 2422: 2417: 2412: 2407: 2402: 2397: 2392: 2389: 2386: 2381: 2378: 2373: 2365: 2362: 2357: 2353: 2344: 2343:pas de touche 2338: 2337:[tuʃ] 2330: 2326: 2321: 2318: 2313: 2310: 2305: 2302: 2297: 2293: 2289: 2284: 2279: 2275: 2270: 2265: 2260: 2256: 2251: 2247: 2244: 2243:Strip (piste) 2240: 2237: 2233: 2229: 2224: 2221: 2216: 2213: 2209: 2206: 2201: 2198: 2193: 2190: 2185: 2182: 2177: 2173: 2168: 2165: 2160: 2156: 2152: 2147: 2144: 2139: 2136: 2131: 2128: 2123: 2120: 2115: 2111: 2108: 2104: 2099: 2091: 2087:conversation. 2085: 2082: 2077: 2073: 2068: 2065: 2060: 2057: 2056:#Redoublement 2053: 2049: 2044: 2039: 2036: 2035:#Redoublement 2032: 2028: 2023: 2018: 2015: 2011: 2010:#Redoublement 2007: 2003: 1998: 1995: 1991: 1987: 1982: 1979: 1975: 1971: 1966: 1961: 1957: 1952: 1948: 1943: 1939: 1934: 1931: 1927: 1922: 1916: 1911: 1908: 1904: 1900: 1895: 1892: 1887: 1882: 1877: 1873: 1868: 1865: 1861: 1857: 1853: 1849: 1845: 1841: 1837: 1833: 1829: 1826: 1822: 1818: 1815: 1810: 1807: 1802: 1798: 1792: 1786: 1781: 1776: 1773: 1769: 1764: 1761: 1756: 1752: 1747: 1743: 1738: 1734: 1729: 1725: 1722:Point-in-line 1720: 1716: 1715:point d'arrêt 1711: 1706: 1703: 1698: 1695: 1691: 1686: 1682: 1679: 1675: 1672: 1667: 1663: 1658: 1654: 1649: 1644: 1640: 1639:passe arriere 1635: 1630: 1626: 1621: 1618:). See also 1617: 1613: 1609: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1593: 1589: 1585: 1580: 1577: 1573: 1568: 1563: 1558: 1555: 1554:#Ceding parry 1549: 1544: 1541: 1536: 1533: 1529: 1526: 1521: 1518: 1514: 1509: 1506: 1502: 1497: 1494: 1489: 1484: 1478: 1473: 1468: 1463: 1457: 1452: 1449: 1444: 1441: 1436: 1433: 1429: 1425: 1420: 1415: 1410: 1405: 1402: 1398: 1395: 1391: 1388: 1384: 1380: 1374: 1368: 1362: 1356: 1350: 1344: 1338: 1332: 1326: 1320: 1314: 1309: 1305: 1300: 1295: 1292: 1288: 1283: 1279: 1276: 1272: 1267: 1262: 1258: 1253: 1248: 1242: 1239: 1235: 1232: 1227: 1224: 1219: 1216: 1211: 1208: 1203: 1200: 1195: 1192: 1187: 1182: 1177: 1171: 1170: 1165: 1161: 1157: 1153: 1149: 1145: 1140: 1137: 1132: 1127: 1122: 1118: 1114: 1109: 1106: 1102: 1099: 1095: 1090: 1085: 1082: 1078: 1074: 1069: 1065: 1057: 1053: 1048: 1045: 1042: 1038: 1032: 1027: 1022: 1018: 1012: 1007: 1002: 997: 992: 988: 983: 978: 974: 971: 967: 963: 958: 955: 950: 945: 939: 934: 931: 928: 923: 919: 914: 911: 907: 902: 896: 895:#Prise de fer 892: 889: 885: 881: 875: 869: 864: 859: 855: 850: 845: 840: 835: 833: 829: 824: 819: 815: 810: 807: 802: 798: 793: 790: 786: 782: 777: 774: 769: 766: 762: 757: 754: 749: 746: 742: 739: 734: 729: 723: 718: 714: 713:passe arriere 709: 704: 699: 698:#Pass forward 695: 690: 687: 686:#Prise de fer 683: 679: 675: 671: 667: 664: 661: 657: 654: 650: 645: 642: 638: 633: 630: 626: 622: 618: 614: 613:#False attack 610: 605: 601: 596: 593: 589: 585: 582:Counter-parry 580: 576: 571: 568: 567:#Prise de fer 564: 560: 556: 552: 549: 544: 541: 538:Corps-à-corps 536: 532: 527: 524: 523:counter-parry 520: 515: 512: 508: 504: 499: 495: 490: 487: 482: 477: 472: 466: 461: 457: 454: 450: 447: 443: 438: 433: 429: 424: 420: 415: 412: 411:#Prise de fer 408: 404: 401: 397: 394: 390: 385: 381: 376: 372: 367: 363: 360: 356: 351: 346: 342: 339:Avertissement 337: 334: 333:#Prise de fer 330: 326: 323: 318: 315: 310: 307: 302: 297: 294: 290: 285: 281: 276: 272: 266: 260: 255: 250: 246: 243:Advance-Lunge 241: 237: 233: 228: 225: 220: 217: 212: 207: 199: 196: 194: 191: 189: 186: 184: 181: 179: 176: 175: 174: 170: 167: 165: 162: 160: 157: 155: 152: 150: 147: 145: 142: 140: 137: 135: 132: 130: 127: 125: 122: 120: 117: 115: 112: 110: 107: 105: 102: 100: 97: 95: 92: 90: 87: 85: 82: 80: 77: 75: 72: 70: 67: 65: 62: 61: 51: 49: 48: 40: 32: 19: 3474:Trampolining 3464:Table tennis 3429:Rugby league 3374:Gaelic games 3356: 3107:Dueling scar 3036: 3021:Displacement 3016:Prise de fer 2851: 2790: 2779: 2770: 2753: 2749: 2745: 2740: 2726: 2720: 2693:. Retrieved 2688: 2679: 2670: 2647: 2642: 2593: 2581: 2568:Fertig? Los! 2555:interjection 2554: 2533:Fertig? Los! 2519: 2509:Fertig? Los! 2486: 2470: 2387: 2291: 2236:stop-in-time 2235: 2231: 2195:Simultaneous 2154: 2070:Right-of-way 1993: 1989: 1963:Redoublement 1906: 1902: 1856:#Envelopment 1831: 1825:Prise de Fer 1771: 1758:Presentation 1693: 1646:Pass forward 1625:prise-de-fer 1548:prise-de-fer 1393: 1307: 1303: 1260: 1238:Italian grip 1168: 1164:#pistol grip 1160:Italian grip 1151: 1147: 1120: 1116: 1104: 1005: 952:False attack 929: 827: 812:Double touch 804:Displacement 784: 740: 673: 669: 665: 652: 635:Coup d'arrêt 607:Counter-time 562: 558: 554: 550: 522: 517:Circle-parry 510: 507:counter-beat 506: 479:Ceding parry 445: 441: 392: 345:#Yellow card 324: 173: 44: 42: 3434:Rugby union 3256:Board games 3092:Knife fight 3035:Equipment ( 2689:youtube.com 2444:Yellow card 2299:Three prong 2272:Target area 2232:stop thrust 1907:cross-guard 1876:#Supination 1860:#Opposition 1749:Preparation 1678:Pistol grip 1653:passe avant 1189:In-fighting 1166:), and the 1156:French grip 1098:Great sword 1081:French grip 888:Envelopment 765:#Opposition 703:passé avant 511:change-beat 501:Circle-beat 486:#Opposition 463:Broken-time 431:conductive. 387:Beat parry 3518:Categories 3484:Water polo 3479:Volleyball 3409:Pickleball 3404:Motorsport 3389:Ice hockey 3384:Gymnastics 3340:Equestrian 3308:Cue sports 3251:Basketball 3097:Half-sword 2695:2022-08-28 2634:References 2490:/ɛngaːʁdɛ/ 2383:Trompement 2295:intention" 2292:On Fencing 2286:attacker. 2259:#Pronation 2253:Supination 2212:Smallsword 1844:#Expulsion 1532:Opposition 1244:quillions. 1229:Invitation 1221:Insistence 1121:bell guard 852:Engagement 817:the touch. 751:Derobement 692:Cross over 453:Broadsword 417:Black card 405:also Lie, 365:centuries. 248:of 1--2-3. 239:ballestra. 236:front foot 198:References 43:This is a 37:See also: 3489:Wing Chun 3335:Disc golf 3229:Athletics 3046:Body cord 2963:Bladework 2577:Schielhau 2520:adjective 2424:Whip-over 2394:Two prong 2388:(Archaic) 2288:Aldo Nadi 2226:Stop hit 1994:president 1870:Pronation 1864:#Transfer 1660:Patinando 1616:#Neuvieme 1505:#En garde 1422:Manchette 1409:Aldo Nadi 1387:Longsword 1370:replaces 1358:replaces 1340:replaces 1304:high line 936:Extension 930:(Archaic) 795:Disengage 785:Directeur 741:(Archaic) 678:#Transfer 674:semi-bind 666:(Archaic) 641:#Stop hit 621:#Stop hit 617:#Stop hit 551:(Archaic) 426:Body cord 359:Backsword 325:(Archaic) 293:#Stop hit 188:Italian 3502:Category 3293:Climbing 3239:Baseball 3130:Category 3037:glossary 3026:Priority 2959:Footwork 2757:— 2622:See also 2562:En Garde 2527:En Garde 2503:En Garde 2497:en garde 2482:en Garde 2048:#Renewal 2031:#Reprise 2027:#Renewal 2014:#Reprise 1990:director 1978:#Reprise 1970:#Renewal 1954:Red card 1945:Recovery 1897:Quillion 1812:Priority 1794:becomes 1772:pressure 1688:Plastron 1608:#Septime 1588:#Seconde 1499:On Guard 1470:Neuvieme 1454:Moulinet 1331:septieme 1308:low line 1205:Indirect 877:becomes 861:En garde 832:#One-two 789:#Referee 779:Director 653:cut-over 629:#Riposte 588:#riposte 563:glissade 369:Balestra 268:becomes 193:See also 183:German 57:Contents 3524:Fencing 3459:Surfing 3399:Kho kho 3394:Kabaddi 3357:Fencing 3318:Cycling 3313:Curling 3303:Cricket 3261:Bowling 3219:Archery 3150:Outline 2996:Riposte 2866:Weapons 2836:Fencing 2611:Italian 2589:Zornhau 2375:): the 2179:Septime 2162:Seconde 2079:Riposte 2062:Retreat 2052:#Remise 2041:Reprise 2006:#Remise 2000:Renewal 1984:Referee 1974:#Remise 1959:fencer. 1903:quillon 1852:#Croisé 1612:#Octave 1600:#Quinte 1596:#Quarte 1592:#Tierce 1560:Outside 1517:#Doublé 1511:One-two 1373:septime 1355:seconde 1197:In-time 925:Esquive 745:#Foible 623:with a 446:assault 407:Liement 299:Assault 230:Advance 214:Abstain 47:fencing 3469:Tennis 3424:Rowing 3006:Flèche 2991:Remise 2986:Attack 2515:fertig 2487:phrase 2476:German 2377:French 2364:Touché 2359:Touché 2329:French 2323:Touche 2315:Tierce 2307:Thrust 2187:Simple 2175:blade. 2133:Salute 2020:Remise 1930:Rapier 1913:Quinte 1889:Quarte 1840:#Press 1797:prêtes 1731:Pommel 1665:lunge. 1620:#Lines 1604:#Sixte 1584:#Prime 1491:Octave 1379:Quinte 1361:octave 1349:quarte 1337:tierce 1325:octave 1319:quarte 1261:judges 1213:Inside 1169:pommel 1024:Foible 1017:flèche 1011:flèche 1001:flèche 994:Flunge 977:Flèche 970:Flèche 880:prêtes 821:Doublé 783:(also 771:Direct 706:) and 682:#Coulé 660:Croisé 625:#Parry 422:match. 312:Attack 271:prêtes 252:Allez! 3414:Poker 3330:Darts 3323:parts 3276:Chess 3266:Bowls 3061:Forte 3051:Piste 3011:Flick 2981:Feint 2976:Lunge 2971:Parry 2883:Sabre 2542:Krumb 2448:also 2230:also 2203:Sixte 2117:Salle 2107:Sabre 1988:also 1938:estoc 1901:Also 1848:#Bind 1836:#Beat 1804:Prime 1791:prêts 1778:Prêts 1770:Also 1766:Press 1700:Point 1692:Also 1669:Passé 1650:Also 1636:Also 1576:Parry 1477:sixte 1446:Match 1401:Lunge 1392:also 1367:prime 1343:sixte 1313:sixte 1297:Lines 1154:(see 1148:guard 1134:Halt! 1115:also 1111:Guard 1103:also 1056:forte 1050:Forte 1006:lunge 985:Flick 960:Feint 941:hits. 874:prêts 725:only. 670:cross 668:also 651:also 647:Coupé 561:, or 559:glisé 555:graze 553:Also 546:Coulé 521:also 505:Also 442:match 383:line. 378:Beat 329:#beat 306:#Bout 304:also 278:Appel 265:prêts 3454:Sumo 3379:Golf 3066:Grip 3056:Lamé 3001:Ward 2878:Foil 2873:Épée 2594:noun 2582:noun 2409:Volt 2327:The 2220:Foil 2054:and 2033:and 1976:and 1503:See 1285:Line 1275:Lamé 1255:Jury 1176:Hilt 1152:grip 1142:Hilt 1119:and 1117:bell 1054:The 1041:Foil 1004:and 910:Épée 857:fer. 743:See 639:see 627:and 444:and 435:Bout 400:Bind 393:beat 291:see 2550:los 2431:FIE 2155:not 2143:FIE 1440:FIE 828:not 720:Cut 509:or 3520:: 2961:/ 2730:. 2704:^ 2687:. 2669:. 2655:^ 2604:). 2565:. 2530:. 2506:. 2234:, 2050:, 2029:, 1992:, 1972:, 1905:, 1862:, 1858:, 1854:, 1850:, 1846:, 1842:, 1838:, 1800:.) 1614:, 1610:, 1606:, 1602:, 1598:, 1594:, 1590:, 1586:, 1376:. 1162:, 1158:, 883:.) 684:, 680:, 672:, 557:, 308:.) 274:.) 50:. 3184:e 3177:t 3170:v 3039:) 2828:e 2821:t 2814:v 2698:. 2438:Y 2418:W 2403:V 2366:( 2346:( 2266:T 2261:. 2092:S 2058:. 2037:. 1980:. 1923:R 1883:Q 1878:. 1866:. 1569:P 1556:. 1542:. 1519:. 1507:. 1485:O 1464:N 1416:M 1293:. 1268:L 1249:J 1183:I 1128:H 1091:G 1058:( 946:F 921:. 897:. 846:E 791:. 767:. 747:. 730:D 710:( 700:( 688:. 643:. 631:. 594:. 569:. 488:. 473:C 448:. 413:. 352:B 347:. 335:. 295:. 208:A 169:Y 164:W 159:V 154:T 149:S 144:R 139:Q 134:P 129:O 124:N 119:M 114:L 109:J 104:I 99:H 94:G 89:F 84:E 79:D 74:C 69:B 64:A 20:)

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Index