Ottoman Greece - Knowledge (XXG)

246: 1346: 1051: 1125: 1942: 1751: 905:. The Greeks were given some privileges and freedom, but they also suffered from the malpractices of its administrative personnel over which the central government had only remote and incomplete control. Despite losing their political independence, the Greeks remained dominant in the fields of commerce and business. The consolidation of Ottoman power in the 15th and the 16th centuries rendered the Mediterranean safe for Greek shipping, and Greek shipowners became the empire's maritime carriers and made tremendous profits. After the Ottoman defeat at the 1074: 1090: 1272:) died. During their life-times they served as cavalrymen in the Sultan's army, living well on the proceeds of their estates with the land being tilled largely by peasants. Many Ottoman timariots were descended from the pre-Ottoman Christian nobility, and shifted their allegiance to the Ottomans following the conquest of the Balkans. Conversion to Islam was not a requirement, and as late as the fifteenth century many timariots were known to be Christian, although their numbers gradually decreased over time. 1106: 1958: 53: 1637: 1622: 1039: 2326:

help being struck by the propensity of the Greeks to flee misfortune. The routes they chiefly took were: first, to the predominantly Greek territories, which were either still free or Frankish-controlled (that is to say, the Venetian fortresses in the Despotate of Morea, as well as in the Aegean and Ionian Islands) or else to Italy and the West generally; second, to remote mountain districts in the interior where the conqueror's yoke was not yet felt."

1400:(Greek Muslims who were secret practitioners of the Greek Orthodox faith) in order to avoid heavy taxes and at the same time express their identity by maintaining their secret ties to the Greek Orthodox Church. Crypto-Christians officially ran the risk of being killed if they were caught practicing a non-Muslim religion once they converted to Islam. There were also instances of Greeks from theocratic or Byzantine nobility embracing Islam such as 1415:, according to a Byzantine historian, freely admitted Christians into his society while trying to grow his empire, in the early Ottoman period. Later, although the Turkish ruler attempted to pacify the local population with a restoration of peacetime rule of law, the Christian population also became subject to special taxes and the tribute of Christian children to the Ottoman state to feed the ranks of the 1541:) were produced and inspired from the way of life of the Greek people, brigands and the armed conflicts during the centuries of Ottoman rule. Klephtic songs (Greek: Κλέφτικα τραγούδια), or ballads, are a subgenre of the Greek folk music genre and are thematically oriented on the life of the klephts. Prominent conflicts were immortalised in several folk tales and songs, such as the epic ballad 2117: 1883: 1563: 656: 1213: 1438: 1191:

maintain a military establishment and to collect taxes. The military establishment was feudal in character. The Sultan's cavalry were allotted land, either large allotments or small allotments based on the rank of the individual cavalryman. All non-Muslims were forbidden to ride a horse which made traveling more difficult. The Ottomans divided Greece into six

1179: 208: 191: 1229: 1992:. They also gained support from sympathizers in Western Europe, as well as covert assistance from Russia. The organization secured Capodistria, who became Russian Foreign Minister after leaving the Ionian Islands, as the leader of the planned revolt. On March 25 (now Greek Independence Day) 1821, the Orthodox Bishop 1492:, elite units of the Ottoman army. There was much resistance to this. For example, Greek folklore tells of mothers crippling their sons to avoid their abduction. Nevertheless, entrance into the corps (accompanied by conversion to Islam) offered Greek boys the opportunity to advance as high as governor or even 1467:

Like in the rest of the Ottoman Empire, Greeks had to carry a receipt certifying their payment of jizya at all times or be subject to imprisonment. Most Greeks did not have to serve in the Sultan's army, but the young boys that were taken away and converted to Islam were made to serve in the Ottoman

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as the leader of all Orthodox, Greeks or not, within the empire. The Patriarch was accountable to the Sultan for the good behavior of the Orthodox population, and in exchange he was given wide powers over the Orthodox communities, including the non-Greek Slavic peoples. The Patriarch controlled the

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The Greek revolt was precipitated on March 25, 1821, when Bishop Germanos of Patras raised the flag of revolution over the Monastery of Agia Lavra in the Peloponnese. The cry "Freedom or Death" became the motto of the revolution. The Greeks experienced early successes on the battlefield, including

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Vacalopoulos, p. 45. "The Greeks never lost their desire to escape from the heavy hand of the Turks, bad government, the impressment of their children, the increasingly heavy taxation, and the sundry caprices of the conqueror. Indeed, anyone studying the last two centuries of Byzantine rule cannot

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The Greek uprising and the church. Bishop Germanos of old Patras blesses the Greek banner at the outset of the national revolt against the Ottomans on 25 March 1821. The solemnity of the scene was enhanced two decades later in this painting by T. Vryzakis….The fact that one of the Greek bishops,

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Under the Ottoman system of government, Greek society was at the same time fostered and restricted. With one hand the Turkish regime gave privileges and freedom to its subject people; with the other it imposed a tyranny deriving from the malpractices of its administrative personnel over which it

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The Ottomans basically installed this feudal system right over the top of the existing system of peasant tenure. The peasantry remained in possession of their own land and their tenure over their plot of land remained hereditary and inalienable. Nor was any military service ever imposed on the

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The Sultan sat at the apex of the government of the Ottoman Empire. Although he had the trappings of an absolute ruler, he was actually bound by tradition and convention. Ottoman rule of the provinces was characterized by two main functions. The local administrators within the provinces were to

2019:, the Greeks succeeded in capturing the Peloponnese and some other areas. Some of the first Greek actions were taken against unarmed Ottoman settlements, with about 40% of Turkish and Albanian Muslim residents of the Peloponnese killed outright, and the rest fleeing the area or being deported. 1738:, destined to become independent Greece's first head of state. By the end of the Napoleonic Wars in 1815, Greece had re-emerged from its centuries of isolation. British and French writers and artists began to visit the country, and wealthy Europeans began to collect Greek antiquities. These " 2093:

among the islands. The Greeks were disappointed at these restricted frontiers, but were in no position to resist the will of Britain, France and Russia, who had contributed mightily to Greek independence. By the Convention of May 11, 1832, Greece was finally recognized as a sovereign state.

1519:. In some cases, it was greatly feared as Greek families would often have to relinquish their own sons who would convert and return later as their oppressors. In other cases, the families bribed the officers to ensure that their children got a better life as a government officer. 1319:

courts and the schools, as well as the Church, throughout the Greek communities of the empire. This made Orthodox priests, together with the local magnates, called Prokritoi or Dimogerontes, the effective rulers of Greek towns and cities. Some Greek towns, such as Athens and

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exercised only remote and incomplete control. In fact the "rayahs" were downtrodden and exposed to the vagaries of Turkish administration and sometimes to the Greek landlords. The term rayah came to denote an underprivileged, tax-ridden and socially inferior population.

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On the other hand, the position of educated and privileged Greeks within the Ottoman Empire improved greatly in the 17th and 18th centuries. From the late 1600s Greeks began to fill some of the highest and most important offices of the Ottoman state. The

1423:(1512-1520), known as Selim the Grim, who attempted to stamp out Christianity from the Ottoman Empire. Selim ordered the confiscation of all Christian churches, and while this order was later rescinded, Christians were heavily persecuted during his era. 1704:(1774) gave Russia the right to make "representations" to the Sultan in defense of his Orthodox subjects, and the Russians began to interfere regularly in the internal affairs of the Ottoman Empire. This, combined with the new ideas let loose by the 2868:

Germanos of Old Patras, had enthusiastically blessed the Greek uprising at the onset (25 March 1821) and had thereby helped to unleash a holy war, was not to gain the church a satisfactory, let alone a dominant, role in the new order of things.

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Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall: Geschichte des osmanischen Reiches: Bd. 1574-1623, p. 442; note a. "Prete scorticato, la pelle sua piena di paglia portata in Constantinopoli con molte teste dei figli d'Albanesi, che avevano intelligenza colli

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that Muslims must pay as part of the 5 pillars of Islam. Failure to pay the jizya could result in the pledge of protection of the Christian's life and property becoming void, facing the alternatives of conversion, enslavement, or death.

1152:(though the large scale migration of Greeks to other parts of Europe, most notably Italian university cities, began far earlier, following the Crusader capture of Constantinople). This trend had also effect on the creation of the modern 2054:

in 1824, eventually led the Great Powers to intervene. In October 1827, the British, French and Russian fleets, on the initiative of local commanders, but with the tacit approval of their governments, destroyed the Ottoman fleet at the

1361:, although many did so on a superficial level in order to avert the socioeconomic hardships of Ottoman rule or because of the alleged corruption of the Greek clergy. The regions of Greece which had the largest concentrations of Ottoman 1050: 1769:

Greeks in various places of the Greek peninsula would at times rise up against Ottoman rule, mainly while taking advantage of wars the Ottoman Empire would engage in. Those uprisings were of mixed scale and impact. During the

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for military training in the Sultan's army. Such recruitment was sporadic, and the proportion of children conscripted varied from region to region. The practice largely came to an end by the middle of the seventeenth century.

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Maurus Reinkowski, "Ottoman "Multiculturalism"? The Example of the Confessional System in Lebanon". Lecture, Istanbul, 1997. Edited by the Orient-Institut der Deutschen Morgenlandischen Gesellschaft, Beirut,1999, pp. 15,

1815:) and the Peloponnese, led by the Melissinos brothers and others. They were crushed by the following year. Short-term revolts of local level occurred throughout the region such as the ones led by metropolitan bishop 1159:

The second entailed Greeks leaving the plains of the Greek peninsula and resettling in the mountains, where the rugged landscape made it hard for the Ottomans to establish either military or administrative presence.

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clung to some of the islands, but by the early 16th century, all of mainland Greece and most of the Aegean Islands were in Ottoman hands, excluding several port cities that were still held by the Venetians (notably

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and other towns. This worked to their disadvantage by provoking further sympathy for the Greeks in Britain and France. The Greeks were unable to establish a strong government in the areas they controlled, and

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Leonardos Filaras (1595–1673) devoted much of his career to coaxing Western European intellectuals to support Greek liberation. Two letters from Milton (1608–1674) attest Filaras's patriotic crusade.

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scholar born in Athens, and an early supporter of Greek liberation from Ottoman rule, spending much of his career in persuading Western European intellectuals to support Greek Independence.

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LEONARD PHILARAS or VILLERET (c. 1595–1673) Philaras was born in Athens of good family and spent his childhood there. His youth was passed in Rome, where he was educated, and his manhood

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revolt, etc.) The Orthodox Church assisted greatly in the preservation of the Greek heritage, and adherence to the Greek Orthodox faith became increasingly a mark of Greek nationality.

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Greeks paid a land tax and a heavy tax on trade, the latter taking advantage of the wealthy Greeks to fill the state coffers. Greeks, like other Christians, were also made to pay the

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peasant by the Ottoman government. All non-Muslims were in theory forbidden from carrying arms, but this was ignored. Indeed, in regions such as Crete, almost every man carried arms.

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rose to great power under the Sultan's protection and gained religious control over the entire Orthodox population of the empire, whether it spoke Greek, Albanian, Latin or Slavic.

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in October 1831. To prevent further experiments with republican government, the Great Powers, especially Russia, insisted that Greece should be a monarchy, and the Bavarian Prince

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The klephts were descendants of Greeks who fled into the mountains to avoid the Turks in the fifteenth century and who remained active as brigands into the nineteenth century.

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The five century period of Ottoman rule had a profound impact in Greek society, as new elites emerged. The Greek land-owning aristocracy that traditionally dominated the

5025: 6134: 5058: 2035:. Inconclusive fighting between Greeks and Ottomans continued until 1825 when the Sultan sent a powerful fleet and army who were mainly Bedouin and some Sudanese from 3748: 2170: 1708:

of 1789, began to reconnect the Greeks with the outside world and led to the development of an active nationalist movement, one of the most progressive of the time.

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A conference in London in 1830 proposed a fully independent Greek state (and not autonomous as previously proposed). The final borders were defined during the

1677:, and it was among the Phanariotes that the modern Greek nationalist movement was born. Many Greek merchants and travelers were influenced by the ideas of the 6519: 6092: 1669:

of Constantinople, became increasingly powerful. Their travels to Western Europe as merchants or diplomats brought them into contact with advanced ideas of

6382: 4022: 1488:, meaning "child gathering"), whereby every Christian community was required to give one son in five to be raised as a Muslim and enrolled in the corps of 938:

by the Ottomans. They were essentially bureaucrats and tax collectors and gained a negative reputation for corruption and nepotism. On the other hand, the

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territory and did not fall to the Ottomans until 1571 and 1670. The only part of the Greek-speaking world that was never under Ottoman rule is the

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islands, in the middle of the Aegean, were officially annexed by the Ottomans in 1579 although they had been under vassal status since the 1530s.

1268:) directly under the Sultan's authority. This land could not be sold or inherited, but reverted to the Sultan's possession when the fief-holder ( 2043:

to suppress the revolution, promising to him the rule of Peloponnese, however they were eventually defeated in the Battle of Navarino in 1827.

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Over the course of the eighteenth century Ottoman landholdings, previously fiefs held directly from the Sultan, became hereditary estates (

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The consolidation of Ottoman rule was followed by two distinct trends of Greek migration. The first entailed Greek intellectuals, such as

6795: 6540: 4952: 4411: 4384: 3532: 2070:, the final battle of the war. They then advanced to seize as much territory as possible before the Western powers imposed a ceasefire. 1941: 448: 4399: 2066:

against the Ottomans. Under their protection, the Greeks were able to reorganize, form a new government and defeat the Ottomans in the

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The Patriarchate of Constantinople in general remained loyal to the Ottomans against the western threats (as for example during the

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The atrocities that accompanied this expedition, together with sympathy aroused by the death of the poet and leading philhellene

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Finlay, George (1856). The History of Greece under Othoman and Venetian Domination. London: William Blackwood and Sons. p 210-3

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Christians deemed them to have "turned-Turk" and therefore saw them as traitors to their original ethno-religious communities.

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In October 1828, the French landed troops in the Peloponnese to evacuate it from Ibrahim's army, while Russia was since April

1731:, which possessed local autonomy. This was the first time Greeks had governed themselves since the fall of Trebizond in 1461. 1653:), which could be sold or bequeathed to heirs. The new class of Ottoman landlords reduced the hitherto free Greek peasants to 849:). The mountains of Greece were largely untouched and were a refuge for Greeks who desired to flee Ottoman rule and engage in 548: 6052: 5140: 4369: 3572: 3100: 1904: 1584: 91: 3855: 3717: 3712: 1802: 151: 1750: 6444: 6386: 4731: 4447: 4432: 3969: 3587: 2879: 2552:(The Macedonians during the Revolution of 1821), 3rd improved edition, Thessaloniki: Society of Macedonian Studies, 1967. 1385:, despite often retaining elements of their Greek culture and language, were classified simply as "Muslim", although most 1249: 963: 607: 103: 4146: 5380: 3819: 3522: 3176: 1697: 4751: 4588: 1283:. The Ottomans required that male children from Christian peasant villages be conscripted and enrolled in the corps of 6849: 6342: 6003: 5410: 5041: 5005: 4792: 4628: 4603: 4553: 4522: 4125: 3895: 6352: 3640: 1823: 117: 6835: 5903: 1984:

in 1814. The members of the organization planned a rebellion with the support of wealthy Greek exile communities in

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The preaching of Islam: a history of the propagation of the Muslim faith By Sir Thomas Walker Arnold, pg. 137-138

2074: 1936: 1816: 1701: 710: 544: 490: 141: 4309: 1323:, retained municipal self-government, while others were put under Ottoman governors. Several areas, such as the 6291: 6201: 6186: 6057: 5993: 5938: 5860: 5765: 5495: 5455: 5440: 4859: 4777: 4231: 4185: 3870: 3722: 2880:

Prousis, Theophilus C., "Smyrna in 1821: A Russian View" (1992). History Faculty Publications. 16, pp. 145, 146

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While most of mainland Greece and the Aegean islands was under Ottoman control by the end of the 15th century,

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Setton, Kenneth Meyer (1991), Venice, Austria, and the Turks in the Seventeenth Century, DIANE Publishing p189

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The preaching of Islam: a history of the propagation of the Muslim faith By Sir Thomas Walker Arnold, pg. 143

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suffered a tragic fate and was almost completely destroyed. The new leading class in Ottoman Greece were the

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Greek Christian families were, however, subject to a system of brutal forced conscription known as the

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to search and conscript new Janissaries and was killed by Greek rebels who resisted the burden of the

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The Greek anthology in France and in the Latin writers of the Netherlands to the year 1800 Volume 28

1957: 52: 6681: 6635: 6454: 6449: 6418: 6327: 6261: 6231: 6226: 6216: 6018: 5998: 5790: 5735: 5715: 5585: 5435: 5405: 5350: 5345: 5335: 5315: 5285: 5220: 5180: 5125: 5080: 4990: 4970: 4721: 4618: 4502: 4497: 4350: 4246: 4151: 3875: 3840: 3727: 1967: 894: 632: 432: 304: 282: 275: 6788: 6362: 1636: 1621: 6830: 6726: 6665: 6660: 6555: 6266: 6241: 6236: 6173: 6107: 6082: 6038: 5923: 5880: 5775: 5695: 5675: 5665: 5595: 5545: 5485: 5460: 5430: 5370: 5250: 5235: 4975: 4822: 4797: 4668: 4663: 4658: 4598: 4568: 4548: 4215: 4073: 3890: 3845: 3790: 3425: 3415: 3400: 3135: 2688: 2056: 2004: 1993: 1831: 1794: 1779: 1685:

was initiated at the beginning of the 19th century in many Ottoman-ruled Greek cities and towns.

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became prominent in the imperial capital of Constantinople as businessmen and diplomats, and the

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A secret Greek nationalist organization called the "Friendly Society" or "Company of Friends" (

1787: 6767: 6721: 6706: 6645: 6585: 6408: 6246: 6221: 6196: 6097: 6044: 5953: 5825: 5785: 5755: 5685: 5620: 5610: 5570: 5555: 5490: 5445: 5305: 5265: 5165: 4931: 4716: 4633: 4593: 4573: 4558: 4482: 4442: 4427: 4360: 4294: 4263: 4210: 4205: 4093: 3964: 3885: 3809: 3800: 3633: 3616: 3420: 3405: 2937: 2922: 2907: 2856: 2787: 2780: 2645: 2619: 2598: 2591: 2587: 2516: 2512: 2506: 2398: 2347: 2213: 2193: 1950: 1798: 1705: 1678: 1515:. The rebels were subsequently beheaded and their severed heads were displayed in the city of 1397: 1096: 1080: 906: 886:. It was in the Ionian Islands that modern Greek statehood was born, with the creation of the 850: 846: 829: 790: 508: 439: 234: 1700:

which broke out in 1768, the Greeks did not rebel, disillusioning their Russian patrons. The

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and the Venetians in the Peloponnese. Greek irregulars also aided the Venetians through the

1735: 1528: 1459:, or Islamic poll-tax which all non-Muslims in the empire were forced to pay instead of the 1396:, such as Saint Efraim the Neo-Martyr or Saint Demetrios the Neo-martyr while others became 1145: 925: 902: 806: 637: 617: 409: 368: 320: 288: 255: 198: 161: 962:

was the last remnant of the Byzantine Empire to hold out against the Ottomans. However, it

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corps. Violent persecutions of Christians did nevertheless take place under the reign of

1332: 1186:" in 1801. Almost all the Balkan peninsula was called "land of the Romans" by the Ottomans 1111: 871: 562: 517: 402: 350: 6072: 2769: 1001: 3980: 2682: 2253:, The Greek Struggle for Independence, 1821-1833. University of California Press, p. 16. 6716: 6711: 6691: 6565: 6550: 6413: 6398: 6390: 6301: 6256: 6211: 6139: 6077: 6008: 5865: 5740: 5700: 5625: 5470: 5280: 5260: 5215: 5100: 5085: 4817: 4746: 4736: 4608: 4200: 4068: 4040: 3795: 3512: 3359: 3334: 3313: 3229: 3145: 3130: 3115: 3072: 3057: 3012: 2571: 2206: 2175: 2102: 2023: 1985: 1854: 1720: 1693: 1546: 1503:

resulted in grave consequences. For example, in 1705 an Ottoman official was sent from

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Treatment of Christian subjects varied greatly under the rule of the Ottoman Sultans.

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The conquered land was parceled out to Ottoman soldiers, who held it as feudal fiefs (

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Capodistria, who had been Greece's governor since 1828, had been assassinated by the

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Finley, The history of Greece under Othman and Venetian Domination, 1856 pp. 330-334

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and their lands into Venetian possession, for which Epifani then acted as governor.

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The preaching of Islam: a history of the propagation of the Muslim faith By Sir

2266: 2155: 1882: 1866: 1682: 1674: 1662: 1562: 1405: 1284: 1173: 1169: 1149: 1057: 934: 821: 756: 571: 58: 1742:" were to play an important role in mobilizing support for Greek independence. 1148:, migrating to other parts of Western Europe and influencing the advent of the 5928: 4437: 4346: 4113: 4108: 3955: 3652: 3208: 2729:Απόστολου Βακαλόπουλου, Ιστορία του Νέου Ελληνισμού, Γ’ τομ., Θεσσαλονίκη 1968 2112: 2051: 1996:

proclaimed a national uprising. The Ottomans, in retaliation orchestrated the

1862: 1839: 1835: 1670: 1512: 1477: 1393: 1301: 1009: 939: 882:(from 1479 to 1481 and from 1485 to 1500), but remained under the rule of the 838: 760: 262: 121: 6317: 6163: 5745: 4120: 4048: 3950: 3930: 3850: 3517: 3491: 3430: 3244: 2975: 2573:

Mittheilungen aus der Geschichte und Dichtung der Neu-Griechen. Zweiter Band

2130: 1783: 1727:. The islands were elevated to the status of a French dependency called the 1489: 1469: 1416: 1412: 1370: 1280: 1233: 1212: 879: 612: 62: 17: 2623: 2194:

Bruce Merry, Encyclopedia of Modern Greek Literature, oTurkocracy, p. 442.

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on behalf of Venice against the Turks in Southern Peloponnese. They put

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was not fully integrated into the Ottoman Empire, but was under Ottoman

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was proclaimed in 1822 (preceded by the creation of the autonomous

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dynasty. That was followed by an Ottoman victory during the 1389

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The Ottoman advance into Greece was preceded by victory over the

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248 pages Publisher: Cambridge University Press (May 20, 2004)

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in 1460. The Greeks held out in the Peloponnese until 1460, and

3984: 3165: 2984: 2288:"Greece During the Byzantine Period: The Peloponnese advances" 2022:

The Ottomans recovered, and retaliated in turn with savagery,

2003:

Simultaneous risings were planned across Greece, including in

1876: 1853:

and triggered armed unrest in both the Greek mainland and the

1643:, intellectual and forerunner of the Greek War of Independence 1556: 958:

After the fall of Constantinople to the Ottomans in 1453, the

1657:, leading to further poverty and depopulation in the plains. 1468:

military. In addition, girls were taken in order to serve as

1357:

As a rule, the Ottomans did not require the Greeks to become

2059:. This was the decisive moment in the war of independence. 1869:

and engaged the Turkish fleet in naval battles until 1790.

816:

in 1453, then advanced southwards into Greece and captured

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Annibale Santorre di Rossi de Pomarolo, Count of Santarosa

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the capture of Athens in June 1822, but infighting ensued.

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History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey: Volume I

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Osman's Dream: The Story of the Ottoman Empire, 1300–1923

1857:. In 1778, a Greek fleet of seventy vessels assembled by 997:

all of which resulted in the repulsion of the Ottomans.

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were never ruled by the Ottomans, with the exception of

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Douglas Dakin,the Greek struggle for independence, 1972

2684:

Notes and observations on the Ionian Islands and Malta

1475:

These practices are called the "tribute of children" (

1099:" (1571) prevented the Ottomans from expanding further 801:

and the co-ruler of the last emperor from the Serbian

793:

in 1371. The Serbian forces were then led by the King

709:, lasting from the mid-15th century to the successful 1945:"The destruction of the Ottoman flagship in Chios by 966:

in 1460, completing the conquest of mainland Greece.

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Athens: A History, From Ancient Ideal To Modern City

6805: 6674: 6603: 6533: 6497: 6488: 6437: 6381: 6300: 6158: 5894: 5066: 5034: 4961: 4918: 4870: 4831: 4760: 4697: 4541: 4465: 4420: 4322: 4277: 4224: 4173: 4164: 4134: 4039: 4030: 3904: 3833: 3772: 3741: 3560: 3505: 3484: 3477: 3454: 3383: 3327: 3263: 3222: 3199: 3088: 3050: 3019: 1688:Greek nationalism was also stimulated by agents of 170: 80: 70: 32: 2816:, University of California Press, (1973) pp. 26–27 2205: 697:The vast majority of the territory of present-day 2702:American Baptist Foreign Mission Society (1848). 2429:Crypto-Christians of the Trabzon Region of Pontos 901:did not correspond to the contemporary notion of 751:were not incorporated in the Ottoman Empire. The 2706:. American Baptist Missionary Union. p. 25. 2447: 2445: 2934:History of the Balkans, 18th and 19th Centuries 2375: 2373: 2371: 2369: 2367: 2365: 2363: 2262: 2260: 1734:Among those who held office in the islands was 1537:After the 16th century, many Greek folk songs ( 1000:Other areas that remained part of the Venetian 6029:Sophie de Marbois-Lebrun, Duchess of Plaisance 2958:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1977. 2936:. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1983. 2853:The Oxford illustrated history of Christianity 2814:The Greek Struggle for Independence, 1821–1833 1849:(Greek: Ορλωφικά) which took place during the 1805:broke out in the peninsula such as in Epirus, 1719:seized Venice in 1797, they also acquired the 1499:Opposition of the Greek populace to taxing or 3996: 3177: 2996: 2855:. Oxford University Press. pp. 521–524. 2267:http://press.princeton.edu/chapters/i9187.pdf 1665:, a class of wealthy Greeks who lived in the 678: 8: 4375:Republican French rule in the Ionian Islands 3011:Administrative regions and provinces of the 2537:Women and slavery in the late Ottoman Empire 1861:which harassed the Turkish squadrons in the 1845:A major uprising during that period was the 1545:of 1786, about the resistance warfare under 1044:Sultan Mehmed II's entry into Constantinople 2644:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 442. 2171:Timeline of Orthodoxy in Greece (1453–1821) 6740:The Reception of Lord Byron at Missolonghi 6494: 4390:Imperial French rule in the Ionian Islands 4170: 4036: 4003: 3989: 3981: 3481: 3184: 3170: 3162: 3003: 2989: 2981: 2550:Οι Μακεδόνες κατά την Επανάστασιν του 1821 2495:, (Greenwood Publishing Group, 2005) p.121 2212:. Marshall Cavendish. 2009. p. 1478. 1128:A map of the territorial expansion of the 701:was at some point incorporated within the 685: 671: 219: 51: 3214:Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople 2618:. Cornell University Press. p. 188. 2342:. London: Faber & Faber Pub. p. 1923:Learn how and when to remove this message 1723:, thus ending the four hundredth year of 1603:Learn how and when to remove this message 1351:Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople 1306:Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople 789:to the north. The Ottomans first won the 2493:Daily life in the medieval Islamic world 2077:with the northern frontier running from 1956: 1940: 1749: 1711:Greece was peripherally involved in the 1635: 1344: 1211: 1177: 1123: 932:(πρόκριτοι in Greek), which were called 4900:Areopagus of Eastern Continental Greece 2976:Macedonian Question: Turkish Domination 2669:The Age of Revolution: Europe 1789-1848 2642:Encyclopedia of modern Greek literature 2186: 1236:quarter, the historical centre of the 1034: 233: 222: 6520:Auguste Regnaud de Saint-Jean d'Angély 6093:Auguste Regnaud de Saint-Jean d'Angély 2314:History of Byzantine State and Society 1819:in Thessaly (1600) and Epirus (1611). 1427:Taxation and the "tribute of children" 985:, which remained Venetian until 1797. 812:With no further threats, the Ottomans 29: 3653:6th Ottoman–Venetian War (Morean War) 3641:5th Ottoman–Venetian War (Cretan War) 2951:. Hellenic International Press, 1984. 2671:, Part 1, Chapter 7, II, pp. 140–142. 2397:. Albany: SUNY Press. pp. 90–2. 2395:The Nature of the Early Ottoman State 1725:Venetian rule over the Ionian Islands 7: 4895:Senate of Western Continental Greece 4872:Greek regional councils and statutes 1905:adding citations to reliable sources 1793:Before and after the victory of the 1585:adding citations to reliable sources 6796:The Apotheosis of Athanasios Diakos 6541:Jean Baptiste Bory de Saint-Vincent 5026:Proposals for the monarch of Greece 4412:United States of the Ionian Islands 2316:. Stanford University Press, 1997. 2033:fell to fighting amongst themselves 1782:and Epifani, were leading bands of 739:). Some regions, however, like the 6747:Greece on the Ruins of Missolonghi 4910:Military-Political System of Samos 2151:Ionian Islands under Venetian rule 1335:, remained virtually independent. 25: 4981:Protocol of St. Petersburg (1826) 4405:1st Regiment Greek Light Infantry 3543:1st Regiment Greek Light Infantry 2965:. Rutgers University Press, 1976. 2294:. Online Encyclopaedia Britannica 2105:was chosen to be its first King. 1327:in the Peloponnese, and parts of 1252:, which is a landmark of today's 1205:, who established his capital in 897:. However, the Ottoman system of 5042:Greek expedition to Syria (1825) 2576:. Coblenz: Jacob Hölscher. 1825. 2539:Cambridge University Press, 2010 2146:List of former mosques in Greece 2115: 1881: 1772:Ottoman–Venetian War (1463–1479) 1561: 1104: 1088: 1072: 1049: 1037: 989:withstood three major sieges in 814:besieged and took Constantinople 654: 244: 206: 189: 57:View of the Caryatid Porch, the 27:Period of Ottoman rule of Greece 3749:Orthodoxy in Greece (1453–1821) 2906:. New York: Basic Books, 2005. 2000:and similar pogroms in Smyrna. 1998:Constantinople massacre of 1821 1892:needs additional citations for 1572:needs additional citations for 1083:" (1538) by Ohannes Umed Behzad 721:in 1800), is known in Greek as 713:that broke out in 1821 and the 6836:Garden of Heroes (Missolonghi) 5934:François-René de Chateaubriand 4400:Adriatic campaign of 1807–1814 4370:Fall of the Republic of Venice 2921:. New American Library, 1962. 2381:Modern Greece: A Short History 2339:Modern Greece: A Short History 1553:Emergence of Greek nationalism 1: 6445:London Philhellenic Committee 4433:Eastern Orthodox Christianity 4356:Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792) 4337:Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774) 3970:Princely Academy of Bucharest 3675:Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774) 2949:The Greek War of Independence 1851:Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774) 1628:(c. 1595 – 1673) was a 1543:To tragoudi tou Daskalogianni 1250:Phanar Greek Orthodox College 1016:, centered on the islands of 888:Republic of the Seven Islands 867:, and the Venetians retained 325: 309: 293: 185: 175:Sultans of the Ottoman Empire 6576:Eugène Emmanuel Amaury Duval 5381:Michail Komninos Afentoulief 3820:Evangelical School of Smyrna 3523:Greek Battalion of Balaklava 2768:George Childs Kohn (Editor) 2588:Folk Poetry of Modern Greece 2418:Douglas Dakin, 1973, p. 16. 1692:, the Orthodox ruler of the 6812:25 March (Independence Day) 5047:Russo-Turkish War (1828–29) 4905:Provisional Regime of Crete 4126:Gregory V of Constantinople 3896:White Tower of Thessaloniki 3856:Çelebi Sultan Mehmed Mosque 2963:The Greek Nation, 1453–1669 2505:Waterfield, Robert (2005). 1838:in their operations on the 1381:). Under the millet logic, 735:, "Turkish rule"; English: 6893: 6373:Soliman Pasha al-Faransawi 6068:Karl von Normann-Ehrenfels 5904:António Figueira d'Almeida 5516:Konstantinos Mavromichalis 5226:Germanos III of Old Patras 4962:International Conferences, 4310:Thourios or Patriotic hymn 4257:Panagiotis Anagnostopoulos 3774:Modern Greek Enlightenment 3370:Vilayet of the Archipelago 1934: 1617:Modern Greek Enlightenment 1614: 1526: 1430: 1392:Some Greeks either became 1299: 1216:"The Hyperian Fountain at 1167: 65:in Ottoman Athens in 1750s 6515:Antoine Virgile Schneider 5841:Konstantinos Vlachopoulos 5601:Konstantinos Nikolopoulos 5521:Kyriakoulis Mavromichalis 5116:Constantin Denis Bourbaki 5055: 4920:Greek national assemblies 4456: 4323:European intervention and 4300:Pamphlet of Rigas Feraios 4084:Konstantinos Kolokotronis 4064:Dionysius the Philosopher 4019: 4012:Greek War of Independence 3905:Greeks outside the Empire 3881:New Mosque (Thessaloniki) 3866:Fethiye Mosque (Ioannina) 3718:Cretan Revolt (1897–1898) 3713:Cretan Revolt (1866–1869) 3698:Greek War of Independence 3685:Treaty of Kuchuk-Kainarja 3355:Eyalet of the Archipelago 2961:Vacalopoulos, Apostolis. 2687:. Smith, Elder. pp. 2336:Woodhouse, C. M. (1998). 2075:London Conference of 1832 1937:Greek War of Independence 1873:Greek War of Independence 1865:, captured the island of 1817:Dionysius the Philosopher 1702:Treaty of Kuchuk-Kainarji 1142:Georgius Plethon Gemistos 776:sacking of Constantinople 736: 732: 711:Greek War of Independence 416:Frankish and Latin states 202: 188: 180: 152:Cretan revolt (1866–1869) 142:Greek War of Independence 50: 45: 6353:Koca Hüsrev Mehmed Pasha 6292:Christoforos Zachariadis 6202:Alexandros Kantakouzinos 6187:Anastasios Christopoulos 6058:Julius Michael Millingen 5861:Christoforos Zachariadis 5766:Sotirios Theocharopoulos 5496:Alexandros Mavrokordatos 5456:Leonardos Leonardopoulos 5441:Konstantinos Lagoumitzis 5021:Treaty of Constantinople 4342:Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca 4232:Ellinoglosso Xenodocheio 4186:Athanasios Christopoulos 4147:Souliote War (1789–1793) 3871:Hafiz Ahmed Agha Library 3723:Greco-Turkish War (1897) 3658:7th Ottoman–Venetian War 3629:4th Ottoman–Venetian War 3624:3rd Ottoman–Venetian War 3612:2nd Ottoman–Venetian War 3600:1st Ottoman–Venetian War 2851:McManners, John (2001). 2827:"Greek Independence Day" 2026:the Greek population of 1755:Battle of Chios (Chesma) 1310:The Sultan regarded the 1014:Duchy of the Archipelago 527:Second Hellenic Republic 39:Tourkokratía stin Elláda 35:Τουρκοκρατία στην Ελλάδα 6782:The Archipelago on Fire 6546:Léon-Jean-Joseph Dubois 6525:Camille Alphonse Trézel 6272:Konstantinos Xenokratis 6169:Danubian Principalities 6113:Auguste Hilarion Touret 5871:Germanos Zapheiropoulos 5746:Nikitas Stamatelopoulos 5646:Anagnostis Papageorgiou 5506:Demetrios Mavromichalis 5386:Alexandros Kontostavlos 5011:London Protocol of 1830 5001:London Protocol of 1829 4996:London Protocol of 1828 3861:Fethiye Mosque (Athens) 3825:New Academy (Moscopole) 2704:The Missionary magazine 2511:. Basic Books. p. 1406:Misac Palaeologos Pasha 715:First Hellenic Republic 581:Third Hellenic Republic 549:Collaborationist regime 500:First Hellenic Republic 449:Venetian Ionian Islands 6616:Fotis Chrysanthopoulos 6581:Pierre-Narcisse Guérin 6207:Georgios Kantakouzinos 5661:Christoforos Perraivos 5531:Dimitrios Meletopoulos 5526:Petrobey Mavromichalis 5511:Georgios Mavromichalis 5501:Antonios Mavromichalis 5396:Georgios Kountouriotis 5376:Theodoros Kolokotronis 5361:Apostolis Kolokotronis 5326:Georgakis Kapsokalyvas 5276:Antonios Kalamogdartis 5201:Georgios Filippopoulos 5156:Dimitrakis Deligiannis 5146:Hatzimichalis Dalianis 5131:Giannis Chondrogiannis 4964:treaties and protocols 4305:Salpisma Polemistirion 4269:Society of the Phoenix 3101:Bosnia and Herzegovina 2614:Hutton, James (1946). 1971: 1954: 1824:Cretan War (1645–1669) 1812:Chronicle of Galaxeidi 1766: 1644: 1633: 1523:Influence on tradition 1450: 1402:John Tzelepes Komnenos 1354: 1257: 1225: 1187: 1133: 1066:Siege of Rhodes (1522) 960:Despotate of the Morea 743:and various temporary 707:Ottoman rule in Greece 512:(1832-1924, 1935-1973) 33:Ottoman rule in Greece 6821:Eleftheria i thanatos 6761:The Massacre at Chios 6656:Anastasios Polyzoidis 6651:Panagiotis Papatsonis 6604:Historians/Memoirists 6561:Guillaume-Abel Blouet 6510:Antoine Simon Durrieu 6505:Nicolas Joseph Maison 6460:Lazaros Kountouriotis 6424:Alexander I of Russia 6182:Athanasios Agrafiotis 6014:Henrik Nikolai Krøyer 5851:Liolios Xirolivaditis 5836:Alexakis Vlachopoulos 5796:Melchisedek Tsouderos 5771:Zafeirakis Theodosiou 5691:Anastasios Polyzoidis 5651:Dimitrios Papanikolis 5641:Grigorios Papaflessas 5561:Panagiotis Michanidis 5416:Lykourgos Krestenitis 5401:Lazaros Kountouriotis 5256:Konstantinos Gouvelis 5151:Dimitrios Deligeorgis 4885:Directorate of Achaea 4191:Theoklitos Farmakidis 3708:Epirus Revolt of 1854 3548:Alexandros Ypsilantis 3462:Principality of Samos 3436:Sanjak of Nakşa Berre 2947:Paroulakis, Peter H. 2919:The Age of Revolution 2917:Hobsbawm, Eric John. 2640:Merry, Bruce (2004). 2393:Lowry, Heath (2003). 2208:World and Its Peoples 2085:, and including only 1963:The Massacre at Chios 1960: 1944: 1753: 1746:Uprisings before 1821 1639: 1624: 1449:(oil on canvas, 1825) 1440: 1348: 1340:Dionysios Skylosophos 1316:Greek Orthodox Church 1231: 1215: 1181: 1127: 1062:Knights of Saint John 944:Greek Orthodox Church 893:Ottoman Greece was a 770:, the remnant of the 195:Frankish/Latin Greece 114:Ottoman–Venetian wars 6754:Le siège de Corinthe 6702:François Pouqueville 6641:Konstantinos Metaxas 6429:Nicholas I of Russia 6348:Mahmud Dramali Pasha 6282:Demetrios Ypsilantis 6277:Alexander Ypsilantis 6150:James Jakob Williams 6118:Edward John Trelawny 6034:Vasos Mavrovouniotis 6024:Ernst Michael Mangel 5989:Frank Abney Hastings 5919:Paul Marie Bonaparte 5856:Demetrios Ypsilantis 5816:Thanasoulas Valtinos 5726:Theofanis Siatisteus 5631:Dimitrios Panourgias 5541:Konstantinos Metaxas 5476:Yiannis Makriyiannis 5466:Lykourgos Logothetis 5451:Georgios Lechouritis 5421:Stamatis Krestenitis 5366:Ioannis Kolokotronis 5341:Georgios Karaiskakis 5331:Anastasios Karatasos 5311:Ioannis Kapodistrias 5301:Konstantinos Kanaris 5296:Athanasios Kanakaris 5211:Panagiotakis Fotilas 5196:Yiannis Dyovouniotis 5176:Konstantinos Dimidis 5161:Kanellos Deligiannis 5136:Dimitrios Christidis 5111:Laskarina Bouboulina 5006:Treaty of Adrianople 4890:Peloponnesian Senate 4380:Septinsular Republic 4325:Greek involvement in 4285:Adelphiki Didaskalia 3742:Influence on culture 2829:. www.britannica.com 2462:Thomas Walker Arnold 2099:Mavromichalis family 2017:Ali Pasha of Tepelen 1901:improve this article 1729:Septinsular Republic 1581:improve this article 1312:Ecumenical Patriarch 964:fell to the Ottomans 948:Ecumenical Patriarch 768:Eastern Roman Empire 719:Septinsular Republic 536:4th of August Regime 482:Septinsular Republic 137:Septinsular Republic 6636:Lambros Koutsonikas 6480:Rothschild & Co 6455:Jean-Gabriel Eynard 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2312:Treadgold, Warren. 1803:series of conflicts 1698:Russian-Ottoman War 1690:Catherine the Great 1683:Greek Enlightenment 1201:accountable to the 895:multiethnic society 747:possessions of the 491:War of Independence 433:Early modern Greece 283:Helladic chronology 6850:Presidential Guard 6831:Propylaea (Munich) 6727:Theodoros Vryzakis 6666:Spyridon Trikoupis 6661:Georgios Tertsetis 6631:Ambrosios Frantzis 6556:Stamatis Voulgaris 6358:Reşid Mehmed Pasha 6267:Tudor Vladimirescu 6242:Giorgakis Olympios 6237:Anastasios Manakis 6108:Friedrich Thiersch 6083:Theobald Piscatory 6039:Johann Jakob Meyer 5924:Karl Rudolf Brommy 5881:Marigo Zarafopoula 5776:Emmanouil Tombazis 5696:Konstantinos Rados 5676:Dionysios Petrakis 5666:Nikolaos Petimezas 5596:Diamantis Nikolaou 5546:Hatzigiannis Mexis 5486:Anastasios Manakis 5461:Georgios Liologlou 5431:Nikolaos Kriezotis 5371:Panos Kolokotronis 5251:Dimitrios Gouvelis 5236:Konstantinos Gofas 5141:Panagiotis Danglis 4976:Congress of Verona 4290:Asma Polemistirion 4216:Eugenios Voulgaris 4074:Panagiotis Benakis 3891:Tzistarakis Mosque 3846:Aslan Pasha Mosque 3791:Eugenios Voulgaris 3506:Outside the Empire 3426:Sanjak of Inebahti 3416:Sanjak of Ioannina 3401:Sanjak of Salonica 2902:Finkel, Caroline. 2775:2013-11-09 at the 2770:Dictionary of Wars 2718:Chronique de Morée 2716:Longnon, J. 1949. 2535:Madeline C. Zilfi 2473:Paroulakis, p. 11. 2057:Battle of Navarino 1994:Germanos of Patras 1972: 1955: 1832:Francesco Morosini 1767: 1717:Napoleon Bonaparte 1645: 1634: 1626:Leonardos Philaras 1451: 1355: 1349:The emblem of the 1258: 1226: 1197:, each ruled by a 1188: 1138:Basilios Bessarion 1134: 1132:from 1307 to 1683. 884:Republic of Venice 378:Hellenistic Greece 6859: 6858: 6768:The Free Besieged 6722:Dionysios Solomos 6707:Alexander Pushkin 6646:Panoutsos Notaras 6599: 6598: 6586:Charles Lenormant 6409:Edward Codrington 6404:Stratford Canning 6247:Yiannis Pharmakis 6222:Georgios Lassanis 6197:Stefanos Kanellos 6098:Giuseppe Rosaroll 6045:Ellinika Chronika 5954:Giacinto Collegno 5826:Meletis Vasileiou 5786:Ioannis Trikoupis 5756:Joseph Stephanini 5706:Panagiotis Rodios 5686:Kyriakos Pittakis 5621:Andronikos Paikos 5611:Antonis Oikonomou 5571:Nikolaos Mykonios 5556:Antonios Miaoulis 5491:Manto Mavrogenous 5446:Georgios Lassanis 5306:Stefanos Kanellos 5266:Dimitrios Indares 5166:Athanasios Diakos 5016:London Conference 4932:Executive of 1822 4928:First (Epidaurus) 4443:Constitutionalism 4428:Greek nationalism 4395:Albanian Regiment 4361:French Revolution 4318: 4317: 4295:Hellenic Nomarchy 4264:Philomuse Society 4211:Adamantios Korais 4206:Theophilos Kairis 4160: 4159: 4094:Cosmas of Aetolia 3978: 3977: 3965:Flanginian School 3886:Osman Shah Mosque 3810:Kaplaneios School 3801:Theophilos Kairis 3556: 3555: 3538:Albanian Regiment 3421:Sanjak of Preveza 3411:Sanjak of Eğriboz 3406:Sanjak of Tirhala 3159: 3158: 2912:978-0-465-02396-7 2890:Jelavich, p. 217. 2548:Vasdravellis, I. 2491:James E. Lindsay 2379:C. M. Woodhouse, 2219:978-0-7614-7902-4 1951:Nikiphoros Lytras 1933: 1932: 1925: 1842:and Peloponnese. 1809:(recorded in the 1799:Battle of Lepanto 1778:Kladas brothers, 1706:French Revolution 1681:and a new Age of 1679:French Revolution 1613: 1612: 1605: 1398:Crypto-Christians 1377:, and Crete (see 1097:Battle of Lepanto 1081:Battle of Preveza 954:Ottoman expansion 907:Battle of Lepanto 851:guerrilla warfare 795:Vukašin of Serbia 791:Battle of Maritsa 695: 694: 661:Greece portal 585: 576: 567: 558: 540: 531: 522: 513: 509:Kingdom of Greece 504: 495: 486: 462: 453: 444: 420: 391: 382: 373: 364: 355: 332: 316: 300: 218: 217: 214: 213: 157:Greco-Turkish War 126:Second Morean War 88:Ottoman expansion 41: 16:(Redirected from 6884: 6826:Pedion tou Areos 6682:Eugène Delacroix 6611:Dimitrios Ainian 6495: 6490:Morea expedition 6475:Ioannis Varvakis 6470:Georgios Stavros 6333:Ismael Gibraltar 6318:Sultan Mahmud II 6192:Diamandi Djuvara 6131: 5994:Carl von Heideck 5969:Vincenzo Gallina 5944:Giuseppe Chiappe 5876:Evangelos Zappas 5806:Theodoros Tzinis 5801:Kitsos Tzavellas 5781:Iakovos Tombazis 5751:Georgios Stavros 5731:Georgios Sisinis 5721:Georgios Sekeris 5656:Emmanouel Pappas 5636:Nakos Panourgias 5616:Ioannis Orlandos 5591:Theodoros Negris 5581:Alexander Negris 5551:Andreas Miaoulis 5481:Ioannis Mamouris 5426:Antonios Kriezis 5356:Ioannis Kolettis 5321:Stamatios Kapsas 5271:Isaiah of Salona 5241:Vasileios Goudas 5231:Georgios Gevidis 5206:Asimakis Fotilas 5106:Tousias Botsaris 4986:Treaty of London 4953:Fifth (Nafplion) 4880:Messenian Senate 4674:Chios expedition 4624:Greek civil wars 4252:Emmanuil Xanthos 4242:Nikolaos Skoufas 4171: 4089:Lambros Katsonis 4079:Nikolaos Galatis 4037: 4005: 3998: 3991: 3982: 3815:Athonite Academy 3754:Greek folk music 3733:First Balkan War 3703:Morea expedition 3568:Ottoman conquest 3528:Lambros Katsonis 3482: 3446:Sanjak of Rhodes 3391:Sanjak of Kavala 3365:Salonica Vilayet 3186: 3179: 3172: 3163: 3005: 2998: 2991: 2982: 2954:Shaw, Stanford. 2891: 2888: 2882: 2877: 2871: 2870: 2848: 2842: 2841: 2835: 2834: 2823: 2817: 2810: 2804: 2801: 2795: 2766: 2760: 2757: 2751: 2748: 2742: 2736: 2730: 2727: 2721: 2714: 2708: 2707: 2699: 2693: 2692: 2678: 2672: 2665: 2659: 2658: 2637: 2631: 2630: 2611: 2605: 2586:Roderick Beaton 2584: 2578: 2577: 2568: 2562: 2559: 2553: 2546: 2540: 2533: 2527: 2526: 2502: 2496: 2489: 2483: 2480: 2474: 2471: 2465: 2458: 2452: 2449: 2440: 2437: 2431: 2426: 2420: 2415: 2409: 2408: 2390: 2384: 2377: 2358: 2357: 2333: 2327: 2323: 2317: 2310: 2304: 2303: 2301: 2299: 2284: 2278: 2275: 2269: 2264: 2255: 2254: 2245: 2239: 2233: 2227: 2226: 2211: 2202: 2196: 2191: 2125: 2120: 2119: 2118: 1980:) was formed in 1968:Eugène Delacroix 1928: 1921: 1917: 1914: 1908: 1885: 1877: 1859:Lambros Katsonis 1736:John Capodistria 1608: 1601: 1597: 1594: 1588: 1565: 1557: 1529:Greek folk music 1146:Marcos Mousouros 1108: 1092: 1076: 1053: 1041: 1012:until 1540, the 926:Byzantine Empire 903:multiculturalism 820:in 1456 and the 807:Battle of Kosovo 797:, the father of 738: 734: 705:. The period of 687: 680: 673: 659: 658: 657: 597:History by topic 583: 574: 565: 556: 538: 529: 520: 511: 502: 493: 484: 460: 451: 442: 418: 410:Byzantine Greece 389: 380: 371: 369:Classical Greece 362: 354:(1100 BC–750 BC) 353: 330: 329: 1750–1050 327: 323: 314: 313: 3100–1100 311: 307: 298: 297: 3100–1000 295: 291: 276:Greek Bronze Age 256:Neolithic Greece 248: 238: 220: 210: 199:Byzantine Greece 193: 186: 162:First Balkan War 55: 37: 30: 21: 6892: 6891: 6887: 6886: 6885: 6883: 6882: 6881: 6862: 6861: 6860: 6855: 6816:Hymn to Liberty 6801: 6775:Hymn to Liberty 6670: 6621:Ioannis Filimon 6595: 6571:Prosper Baccuet 6529: 6484: 6465:Ioannis Papafis 6433: 6377: 6296: 6252:Michael Soutzos 6172: 6166: 6154: 6145:Olivier Voutier 6125: 6063:August Myhrberg 6053:Jonathan Miller 5979:Constantin Guys 5959:Charles Fabvier 5909:Joseph Balestra 5890: 5886:Nikolaos Zervas 5821:Dimitrios Varis 5761:Ioannis Stratos 5711:Dionysios Romas 5681:Andreas Pipinos 5606:Ioannis Notaras 5536:Andreas Metaxas 5391:Panos Koronaios 5191:Georgios Drakos 5171:Dionysis Diakos 5121:Stefanos Chalis 5096:Markos Botsaris 5091:Kostas Botsaris 5076:Chian Committee 5062: 5051: 5030: 4963: 4957: 4943:Third (Troezen) 4938:Second (Astros) 4914: 4866: 4827: 4761:Naval conflicts 4756: 4693: 4537: 4528:3rd Messolonghi 4523:2nd Messolonghi 4518:1st Messolonghi 4461: 4452: 4416: 4365:Napoleonic Wars 4329:Napoleonic Wars 4326: 4324: 4314: 4273: 4220: 4156: 4130: 4026: 4015: 4009: 3979: 3974: 3900: 3829: 3768: 3737: 3552: 3501: 3473: 3450: 3441:Sanjak of Sakız 3396:Sanjak of Drama 3379: 3345:Salonica Eyalet 3340:Ioannina Eyalet 3323: 3259: 3218: 3195: 3190: 3160: 3155: 3141:North Macedonia 3084: 3046: 3015: 3009: 2972: 2899: 2894: 2889: 2885: 2878: 2874: 2863: 2850: 2849: 2845: 2832: 2830: 2825: 2824: 2820: 2812:Dakin, Douglas 2811: 2807: 2802: 2798: 2777:Wayback Machine 2767: 2763: 2758: 2754: 2749: 2745: 2737: 2733: 2728: 2724: 2715: 2711: 2701: 2700: 2696: 2680: 2679: 2675: 2667:Eric Hobsbawm, 2666: 2662: 2652: 2639: 2638: 2634: 2613: 2612: 2608: 2585: 2581: 2570: 2569: 2565: 2560: 2556: 2547: 2543: 2534: 2530: 2523: 2504: 2503: 2499: 2490: 2486: 2481: 2477: 2472: 2468: 2459: 2455: 2450: 2443: 2438: 2434: 2427: 2423: 2416: 2412: 2405: 2392: 2391: 2387: 2378: 2361: 2354: 2335: 2334: 2330: 2324: 2320: 2311: 2307: 2297: 2295: 2286: 2285: 2281: 2276: 2272: 2265: 2258: 2252: 2246: 2242: 2234: 2230: 2220: 2204: 2203: 2199: 2192: 2188: 2184: 2121: 2116: 2114: 2111: 2068:Battle of Petra 1939: 1929: 1918: 1912: 1909: 1898: 1886: 1875: 1797:in 1571 at the 1763:Ivan Aivazovsky 1748: 1713:Napoleonic Wars 1667:Phanar district 1619: 1609: 1598: 1592: 1589: 1578: 1566: 1555: 1535: 1525: 1441:A Muslim Greek 1435: 1429: 1308: 1300:Main articles: 1298: 1238:Greek community 1176: 1166: 1122: 1115: 1112:Siege of Candia 1109: 1100: 1093: 1084: 1077: 1068: 1054: 1045: 1042: 1028:until 1617 and 956: 780:Latin Crusaders 691: 655: 653: 648: 647: 598: 590: 589: 586: 577: 568: 559: 545:Axis occupation 541: 532: 523: 518:National Schism 514: 505: 496: 487: 477: 467: 466: 463: 454: 445: 435: 425: 424: 421: 412: 405: 403:Medieval Greece 395: 394: 390:(146 BC–330 AD) 383: 374: 372:(500 BC–323 BC) 365: 363:(800 BC–480 BC) 356: 351:Greek Dark Ages 346: 336: 335: 328: 317: 312: 301: 296: 285: 278: 268: 267: 258: 236: 229: 197: 184: 166: 66: 36: 34: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6890: 6888: 6880: 6879: 6877:Ottoman Empire 6874: 6872:Ottoman Greece 6864: 6863: 6857: 6856: 6854: 6853: 6843: 6838: 6833: 6828: 6823: 6818: 6813: 6809: 6807: 6803: 6802: 6800: 6799: 6792: 6785: 6778: 6771: 6764: 6757: 6750: 6743: 6736: 6729: 6724: 6719: 6717:Andreas Kalvos 6714: 6712:Karl Krazeisen 6709: 6704: 6699: 6694: 6692:Peter von Hess 6689: 6684: 6678: 6676: 6672: 6671: 6669: 6668: 6663: 6658: 6653: 6648: 6643: 6638: 6633: 6628: 6623: 6618: 6613: 6607: 6605: 6601: 6600: 6597: 6596: 6594: 6593: 6588: 6583: 6578: 6573: 6568: 6566:Gabriel Bibron 6563: 6558: 6553: 6551:Pierre Peytier 6548: 6543: 6537: 6535: 6531: 6530: 6528: 6527: 6522: 6517: 6512: 6507: 6501: 6499: 6492: 6486: 6485: 6483: 6482: 6477: 6472: 6467: 6462: 6457: 6452: 6447: 6441: 6439: 6435: 6434: 6432: 6431: 6426: 6421: 6416: 6414:Henri de Rigny 6411: 6406: 6401: 6399:George Canning 6395: 6393: 6379: 6378: 6376: 6375: 6370: 6365: 6360: 6355: 6350: 6345: 6340: 6335: 6330: 6325: 6320: 6314: 6312: 6302:Ottoman Empire 6298: 6297: 6295: 6294: 6289: 6284: 6279: 6274: 6269: 6264: 6259: 6257:Roxani Soutzos 6254: 6249: 6244: 6239: 6234: 6229: 6224: 6219: 6214: 6212:Rallou Karatza 6209: 6204: 6199: 6194: 6189: 6184: 6178: 6176: 6156: 6155: 6153: 6152: 6147: 6142: 6140:David Urquhart 6137: 6132: 6120: 6115: 6110: 6105: 6100: 6095: 6090: 6088:Maxime Raybaud 6085: 6080: 6078:Maurice Persat 6075: 6070: 6065: 6060: 6055: 6050: 6049: 6048: 6036: 6031: 6026: 6021: 6016: 6011: 6009:Karl Krazeisen 6006: 6001: 5996: 5991: 5986: 5981: 5976: 5971: 5966: 5961: 5956: 5951: 5946: 5941: 5939:Richard Church 5936: 5931: 5926: 5921: 5916: 5911: 5906: 5900: 5898: 5892: 5891: 5889: 5888: 5883: 5878: 5873: 5868: 5866:Andreas Zaimis 5863: 5858: 5853: 5848: 5843: 5838: 5833: 5828: 5823: 5818: 5813: 5808: 5803: 5798: 5793: 5788: 5783: 5778: 5773: 5768: 5763: 5758: 5753: 5748: 5743: 5741:Zisis Sotiriou 5738: 5733: 5728: 5723: 5718: 5713: 5708: 5703: 5701:Ioannis Rangos 5698: 5693: 5688: 5683: 5678: 5673: 5668: 5663: 5658: 5653: 5648: 5643: 5638: 5633: 5628: 5626:Georgios Panou 5623: 5618: 5613: 5608: 5603: 5598: 5593: 5588: 5583: 5578: 5573: 5568: 5563: 5558: 5553: 5548: 5543: 5538: 5533: 5528: 5523: 5518: 5513: 5508: 5503: 5498: 5493: 5488: 5483: 5478: 5473: 5471:Andreas Londos 5468: 5463: 5458: 5453: 5448: 5443: 5438: 5433: 5428: 5423: 5418: 5413: 5408: 5403: 5398: 5393: 5388: 5383: 5378: 5373: 5368: 5363: 5358: 5353: 5348: 5343: 5338: 5333: 5328: 5323: 5318: 5313: 5308: 5303: 5298: 5293: 5288: 5283: 5281:George Kalaras 5278: 5273: 5268: 5263: 5261:Angelis Govios 5258: 5253: 5248: 5246:Ioannis Gouras 5243: 5238: 5233: 5228: 5223: 5218: 5216:Angelis Gatsos 5213: 5208: 5203: 5198: 5193: 5188: 5183: 5178: 5173: 5168: 5163: 5158: 5153: 5148: 5143: 5138: 5133: 5128: 5123: 5118: 5113: 5108: 5103: 5101:Notis Botsaris 5098: 5093: 5088: 5086:Fotos Bomporis 5083: 5078: 5072: 5070: 5064: 5063: 5056: 5053: 5052: 5050: 5049: 5044: 5038: 5036: 5032: 5031: 5029: 5028: 5023: 5018: 5013: 5008: 5003: 4998: 4993: 4988: 4983: 4978: 4973: 4967: 4965: 4959: 4958: 4956: 4955: 4950: 4948:Fourth (Argos) 4945: 4940: 4935: 4924: 4922: 4916: 4915: 4913: 4912: 4907: 4902: 4897: 4892: 4887: 4882: 4876: 4874: 4868: 4867: 4865: 4864: 4857: 4850: 4843: 4835: 4833: 4829: 4828: 4826: 4825: 4820: 4815: 4810: 4805: 4800: 4795: 4790: 4785: 4780: 4775: 4770: 4764: 4762: 4758: 4757: 4755: 4754: 4749: 4744: 4739: 4734: 4729: 4724: 4719: 4714: 4709: 4707:Constantinople 4703: 4701: 4695: 4694: 4692: 4691: 4686: 4681: 4676: 4671: 4666: 4661: 4656: 4651: 4646: 4641: 4636: 4631: 4626: 4621: 4616: 4611: 4606: 4601: 4596: 4591: 4586: 4581: 4576: 4571: 4566: 4561: 4556: 4551: 4545: 4543: 4539: 4538: 4536: 4535: 4530: 4525: 4520: 4515: 4510: 4505: 4500: 4495: 4490: 4485: 4480: 4475: 4469: 4467: 4463: 4462: 4457: 4454: 4453: 4451: 4450: 4445: 4440: 4435: 4430: 4424: 4422: 4418: 4417: 4415: 4414: 4409: 4408: 4407: 4402: 4397: 4392: 4387: 4382: 4377: 4372: 4358: 4353: 4344: 4339: 4333: 4331: 4320: 4319: 4316: 4315: 4313: 4312: 4307: 4302: 4297: 4292: 4287: 4281: 4279: 4275: 4274: 4272: 4271: 4266: 4261: 4260: 4259: 4254: 4249: 4244: 4234: 4228: 4226: 4222: 4221: 4219: 4218: 4213: 4208: 4203: 4201:Anthimos Gazis 4198: 4193: 4188: 4183: 4177: 4175: 4168: 4162: 4161: 4158: 4157: 4155: 4154: 4149: 4144: 4138: 4136: 4132: 4131: 4129: 4128: 4123: 4118: 4117: 4116: 4106: 4101: 4096: 4091: 4086: 4081: 4076: 4071: 4069:Daskalogiannis 4066: 4061: 4056: 4051: 4045: 4043: 4034: 4032:Ottoman Greece 4028: 4027: 4020: 4017: 4016: 4010: 4008: 4007: 4000: 3993: 3985: 3976: 3975: 3973: 3972: 3967: 3958: 3953: 3948: 3943: 3938: 3933: 3928: 3923: 3918: 3908: 3906: 3902: 3901: 3899: 3898: 3893: 3888: 3883: 3878: 3873: 3868: 3863: 3858: 3853: 3848: 3843: 3837: 3835: 3831: 3830: 3828: 3827: 3822: 3817: 3812: 3803: 3798: 3796:Anthimos Gazis 3793: 3788: 3778: 3776: 3770: 3769: 3767: 3766: 3761: 3756: 3751: 3745: 3743: 3739: 3738: 3736: 3735: 3730: 3725: 3720: 3715: 3710: 3705: 3700: 3695: 3689: 3688: 3687: 3682: 3672: 3671: 3670: 3665: 3655: 3650: 3649: 3648: 3638: 3637: 3636: 3626: 3621: 3620: 3619: 3609: 3608: 3607: 3597: 3596: 3595: 3590: 3585: 3583:Constantinople 3580: 3575: 3564: 3562: 3558: 3557: 3554: 3553: 3551: 3550: 3545: 3540: 3535: 3530: 3525: 3520: 3515: 3513:Iacob Heraclid 3509: 3507: 3503: 3502: 3500: 3499: 3494: 3488: 3486: 3479: 3475: 3474: 3472: 3471: 3465: 3458: 3456: 3452: 3451: 3449: 3448: 3443: 3438: 3433: 3428: 3423: 3418: 3413: 3408: 3403: 3398: 3393: 3387: 3385: 3381: 3380: 3378: 3377: 3372: 3367: 3362: 3360:Janina Vilayet 3357: 3352: 3347: 3342: 3337: 3335:Rumelia Eyalet 3331: 3329: 3325: 3324: 3322: 3321: 3316: 3311: 3302: 3297: 3292: 3287: 3282: 3277: 3267: 3265: 3261: 3260: 3258: 3257: 3252: 3247: 3242: 3237: 3232: 3230:Ottoman Greeks 3226: 3224: 3220: 3219: 3217: 3216: 3211: 3205: 3203: 3197: 3196: 3193:Ottoman Greece 3191: 3189: 3188: 3181: 3174: 3166: 3157: 3156: 3154: 3153: 3148: 3143: 3138: 3133: 3128: 3123: 3118: 3113: 3108: 3103: 3098: 3092: 3090: 3086: 3085: 3083: 3082: 3081: 3080: 3075: 3073:Southern Syria 3065: 3060: 3054: 3052: 3048: 3047: 3045: 3044: 3039: 3034: 3029: 3023: 3021: 3017: 3016: 3013:Ottoman Empire 3010: 3008: 3007: 3000: 2993: 2985: 2979: 2978: 2971: 2970:External links 2968: 2967: 2966: 2959: 2952: 2945: 2930: 2915: 2898: 2895: 2893: 2892: 2883: 2872: 2861: 2843: 2818: 2805: 2796: 2792:978-1579582043 2761: 2752: 2743: 2731: 2722: 2709: 2694: 2673: 2660: 2650: 2632: 2606: 2603:978-0521604208 2579: 2563: 2554: 2541: 2528: 2521: 2497: 2484: 2475: 2466: 2453: 2441: 2432: 2421: 2410: 2403: 2385: 2359: 2353:978-0571197941 2352: 2328: 2318: 2305: 2292:britannica.com 2279: 2270: 2256: 2240: 2228: 2218: 2197: 2185: 2183: 2180: 2179: 2178: 2176:Hellenoturkism 2173: 2168: 2163: 2158: 2153: 2148: 2143: 2138: 2133: 2127: 2126: 2110: 2107: 1935:Main article: 1931: 1930: 1889: 1887: 1880: 1874: 1871: 1747: 1744: 1721:Ionian Islands 1694:Russian Empire 1611: 1610: 1569: 1567: 1560: 1554: 1551: 1547:Daskalogiannis 1524: 1521: 1428: 1425: 1387:Greek Orthodox 1379:Cretan Muslims 1373:, neighboring 1369:, notably the 1325:Mani Peninsula 1297: 1294: 1242:Constantinople 1222:Edward Dodwell 1207:Constantinople 1165: 1164:Administration 1162: 1154:Greek diaspora 1130:Ottoman Empire 1121: 1118: 1117: 1116: 1110: 1103: 1101: 1094: 1087: 1085: 1078: 1071: 1069: 1060:and defending 1055: 1048: 1046: 1043: 1036: 983:Ionian Islands 955: 952: 876:Ionian Islands 753:Mani Peninsula 741:Ionian islands 703:Ottoman Empire 693: 692: 690: 689: 682: 675: 667: 664: 663: 650: 649: 646: 645: 640: 635: 630: 625: 620: 615: 610: 605: 599: 596: 595: 592: 591: 588: 587: 578: 572:Military Junta 569: 560: 542: 533: 524: 521:(1914/15-1917) 515: 506: 497: 488: 478: 473: 472: 469: 468: 465: 464: 458:Ottoman Greece 455: 446: 440:Venetian Crete 436: 431: 430: 427: 426: 423: 422: 413: 406: 401: 400: 397: 396: 393: 392: 384: 381:(323 BC–31 BC) 375: 366: 360:Archaic Greece 357: 347: 344:Ancient Greece 342: 341: 338: 337: 334: 333: 318: 302: 286: 279: 274: 273: 270: 269: 266: 265: 259: 254: 253: 250: 249: 241: 240: 231: 230: 223: 216: 215: 212: 211: 201: 178: 177: 172: 168: 167: 165: 164: 159: 154: 149: 144: 139: 134: 129: 111: 100:Constantinople 84: 82: 78: 77: 72: 68: 67: 56: 48: 47: 43: 42: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6889: 6878: 6875: 6873: 6870: 6869: 6867: 6851: 6847: 6844: 6842: 6841:Royal Phalanx 6839: 6837: 6834: 6832: 6829: 6827: 6824: 6822: 6819: 6817: 6814: 6811: 6810: 6808: 6804: 6798: 6797: 6793: 6791: 6790: 6786: 6784: 6783: 6779: 6777: 6776: 6772: 6770: 6769: 6765: 6763: 6762: 6758: 6756: 6755: 6751: 6749: 6748: 6744: 6742: 6741: 6737: 6735: 6734: 6730: 6728: 6725: 6723: 6720: 6718: 6715: 6713: 6710: 6708: 6705: 6703: 6700: 6698: 6695: 6693: 6690: 6688: 6685: 6683: 6680: 6679: 6677: 6673: 6667: 6664: 6662: 6659: 6657: 6654: 6652: 6649: 6647: 6644: 6642: 6639: 6637: 6634: 6632: 6629: 6627: 6626:George Finlay 6624: 6622: 6619: 6617: 6614: 6612: 6609: 6608: 6606: 6602: 6592: 6589: 6587: 6584: 6582: 6579: 6577: 6574: 6572: 6569: 6567: 6564: 6562: 6559: 6557: 6554: 6552: 6549: 6547: 6544: 6542: 6539: 6538: 6536: 6532: 6526: 6523: 6521: 6518: 6516: 6513: 6511: 6508: 6506: 6503: 6502: 6500: 6496: 6493: 6491: 6487: 6481: 6478: 6476: 6473: 6471: 6468: 6466: 6463: 6461: 6458: 6456: 6453: 6451: 6448: 6446: 6443: 6442: 6440: 6438:Financial aid 6436: 6430: 6427: 6425: 6422: 6420: 6417: 6415: 6412: 6410: 6407: 6405: 6402: 6400: 6397: 6396: 6394: 6392: 6388: 6384: 6380: 6374: 6371: 6369: 6368:Ibrahim Pasha 6366: 6364: 6361: 6359: 6356: 6354: 6351: 6349: 6346: 6344: 6341: 6339: 6336: 6334: 6331: 6329: 6326: 6324: 6323:Hurshid Pasha 6321: 6319: 6316: 6315: 6313: 6311: 6307: 6303: 6299: 6293: 6290: 6288: 6285: 6283: 6280: 6278: 6275: 6273: 6270: 6268: 6265: 6263: 6260: 6258: 6255: 6253: 6250: 6248: 6245: 6243: 6240: 6238: 6235: 6233: 6230: 6228: 6225: 6223: 6220: 6218: 6215: 6213: 6210: 6208: 6205: 6203: 6200: 6198: 6195: 6193: 6190: 6188: 6185: 6183: 6180: 6179: 6177: 6175: 6170: 6165: 6161: 6157: 6151: 6148: 6146: 6143: 6141: 6138: 6136: 6133: 6129: 6124: 6123:German Legion 6121: 6119: 6116: 6114: 6111: 6109: 6106: 6104: 6101: 6099: 6096: 6094: 6091: 6089: 6086: 6084: 6081: 6079: 6076: 6074: 6071: 6069: 6066: 6064: 6061: 6059: 6056: 6054: 6051: 6047: 6046: 6042: 6041: 6040: 6037: 6035: 6032: 6030: 6027: 6025: 6022: 6020: 6017: 6015: 6012: 6010: 6007: 6005: 6004:George Jarvis 6002: 6000: 5997: 5995: 5992: 5990: 5987: 5985: 5982: 5980: 5977: 5975: 5974:Thomas Gordon 5972: 5970: 5967: 5965: 5962: 5960: 5957: 5955: 5952: 5950: 5949:Lord Cochrane 5947: 5945: 5942: 5940: 5937: 5935: 5932: 5930: 5927: 5925: 5922: 5920: 5917: 5915: 5912: 5910: 5907: 5905: 5902: 5901: 5899: 5897: 5893: 5887: 5884: 5882: 5879: 5877: 5874: 5872: 5869: 5867: 5864: 5862: 5859: 5857: 5854: 5852: 5849: 5847: 5846:Pieros Voidis 5844: 5842: 5839: 5837: 5834: 5832: 5831:Domna Visvizi 5829: 5827: 5824: 5822: 5819: 5817: 5814: 5812: 5811:Loukas Vagias 5809: 5807: 5804: 5802: 5799: 5797: 5794: 5792: 5789: 5787: 5784: 5782: 5779: 5777: 5774: 5772: 5769: 5767: 5764: 5762: 5759: 5757: 5754: 5752: 5749: 5747: 5744: 5742: 5739: 5737: 5734: 5732: 5729: 5727: 5724: 5722: 5719: 5717: 5714: 5712: 5709: 5707: 5704: 5702: 5699: 5697: 5694: 5692: 5689: 5687: 5684: 5682: 5679: 5677: 5674: 5672: 5669: 5667: 5664: 5662: 5659: 5657: 5654: 5652: 5649: 5647: 5644: 5642: 5639: 5637: 5634: 5632: 5629: 5627: 5624: 5622: 5619: 5617: 5614: 5612: 5609: 5607: 5604: 5602: 5599: 5597: 5594: 5592: 5589: 5587: 5584: 5582: 5579: 5577: 5576:Zachos Milios 5574: 5572: 5569: 5567: 5566:Spyros Milios 5564: 5562: 5559: 5557: 5554: 5552: 5549: 5547: 5544: 5542: 5539: 5537: 5534: 5532: 5529: 5527: 5524: 5522: 5519: 5517: 5514: 5512: 5509: 5507: 5504: 5502: 5499: 5497: 5494: 5492: 5489: 5487: 5484: 5482: 5479: 5477: 5474: 5472: 5469: 5467: 5464: 5462: 5459: 5457: 5454: 5452: 5449: 5447: 5444: 5442: 5439: 5437: 5434: 5432: 5429: 5427: 5424: 5422: 5419: 5417: 5414: 5412: 5409: 5407: 5404: 5402: 5399: 5397: 5394: 5392: 5389: 5387: 5384: 5382: 5379: 5377: 5374: 5372: 5369: 5367: 5364: 5362: 5359: 5357: 5354: 5352: 5349: 5347: 5344: 5342: 5339: 5337: 5334: 5332: 5329: 5327: 5324: 5322: 5319: 5317: 5314: 5312: 5309: 5307: 5304: 5302: 5299: 5297: 5294: 5292: 5289: 5287: 5284: 5282: 5279: 5277: 5274: 5272: 5269: 5267: 5264: 5262: 5259: 5257: 5254: 5252: 5249: 5247: 5244: 5242: 5239: 5237: 5234: 5232: 5229: 5227: 5224: 5222: 5219: 5217: 5214: 5212: 5209: 5207: 5204: 5202: 5199: 5197: 5194: 5192: 5189: 5187: 5184: 5182: 5179: 5177: 5174: 5172: 5169: 5167: 5164: 5162: 5159: 5157: 5154: 5152: 5149: 5147: 5144: 5142: 5139: 5137: 5134: 5132: 5129: 5127: 5124: 5122: 5119: 5117: 5114: 5112: 5109: 5107: 5104: 5102: 5099: 5097: 5094: 5092: 5089: 5087: 5084: 5082: 5079: 5077: 5074: 5073: 5071: 5069: 5065: 5061: 5060: 5059:Personalities 5054: 5048: 5045: 5043: 5040: 5039: 5037: 5033: 5027: 5024: 5022: 5019: 5017: 5014: 5012: 5009: 5007: 5004: 5002: 4999: 4997: 4994: 4992: 4989: 4987: 4984: 4982: 4979: 4977: 4974: 4972: 4969: 4968: 4966: 4960: 4954: 4951: 4949: 4946: 4944: 4941: 4939: 4936: 4933: 4929: 4926: 4925: 4923: 4921: 4917: 4911: 4908: 4906: 4903: 4901: 4898: 4896: 4893: 4891: 4888: 4886: 4883: 4881: 4878: 4877: 4875: 4873: 4869: 4863: 4862: 4858: 4856: 4855: 4851: 4849: 4848: 4844: 4842: 4841: 4837: 4836: 4834: 4830: 4824: 4821: 4819: 4816: 4814: 4811: 4809: 4806: 4804: 4801: 4799: 4796: 4794: 4791: 4789: 4786: 4784: 4781: 4779: 4776: 4774: 4771: 4769: 4766: 4765: 4763: 4759: 4753: 4750: 4748: 4745: 4743: 4740: 4738: 4735: 4733: 4730: 4728: 4725: 4723: 4720: 4718: 4715: 4713: 4710: 4708: 4705: 4704: 4702: 4700: 4696: 4690: 4687: 4685: 4682: 4680: 4677: 4675: 4672: 4670: 4667: 4665: 4662: 4660: 4657: 4655: 4652: 4650: 4647: 4645: 4642: 4640: 4637: 4635: 4632: 4630: 4627: 4625: 4622: 4620: 4617: 4615: 4612: 4610: 4607: 4605: 4602: 4600: 4597: 4595: 4592: 4590: 4587: 4585: 4582: 4580: 4577: 4575: 4572: 4570: 4567: 4565: 4562: 4560: 4557: 4555: 4552: 4550: 4547: 4546: 4544: 4540: 4534: 4533:2nd Acropolis 4531: 4529: 4526: 4524: 4521: 4519: 4516: 4514: 4511: 4509: 4506: 4504: 4501: 4499: 4496: 4494: 4493:1st Acropolis 4491: 4489: 4486: 4484: 4481: 4479: 4476: 4474: 4471: 4470: 4468: 4464: 4460: 4455: 4449: 4446: 4444: 4441: 4439: 4436: 4434: 4431: 4429: 4426: 4425: 4423: 4419: 4413: 4410: 4406: 4403: 4401: 4398: 4396: 4393: 4391: 4388: 4386: 4383: 4381: 4378: 4376: 4373: 4371: 4368: 4367: 4366: 4362: 4359: 4357: 4354: 4352: 4348: 4345: 4343: 4340: 4338: 4335: 4334: 4332: 4330: 4321: 4311: 4308: 4306: 4303: 4301: 4298: 4296: 4293: 4291: 4288: 4286: 4283: 4282: 4280: 4276: 4270: 4267: 4265: 4262: 4258: 4255: 4253: 4250: 4248: 4245: 4243: 4240: 4239: 4238: 4237:Filiki Eteria 4235: 4233: 4230: 4229: 4227: 4225:Organizations 4223: 4217: 4214: 4212: 4209: 4207: 4204: 4202: 4199: 4197: 4196:Rigas Feraios 4194: 4192: 4189: 4187: 4184: 4182: 4179: 4178: 4176: 4172: 4169: 4167: 4163: 4153: 4150: 4148: 4145: 4143: 4140: 4139: 4137: 4133: 4127: 4124: 4122: 4119: 4115: 4112: 4111: 4110: 4107: 4105: 4102: 4100: 4097: 4095: 4092: 4090: 4087: 4085: 4082: 4080: 4077: 4075: 4072: 4070: 4067: 4065: 4062: 4060: 4057: 4055: 4052: 4050: 4047: 4046: 4044: 4042: 4038: 4035: 4033: 4029: 4025: 4024: 4018: 4013: 4006: 4001: 3999: 3994: 3992: 3987: 3986: 3983: 3971: 3968: 3966: 3962: 3959: 3957: 3954: 3952: 3949: 3947: 3944: 3942: 3939: 3937: 3934: 3932: 3929: 3927: 3924: 3922: 3919: 3917: 3913: 3910: 3909: 3907: 3903: 3897: 3894: 3892: 3889: 3887: 3884: 3882: 3879: 3877: 3874: 3872: 3869: 3867: 3864: 3862: 3859: 3857: 3854: 3852: 3849: 3847: 3844: 3842: 3839: 3838: 3836: 3832: 3826: 3823: 3821: 3818: 3816: 3813: 3811: 3807: 3804: 3802: 3799: 3797: 3794: 3792: 3789: 3787: 3786:Rigas Feraios 3783: 3780: 3779: 3777: 3775: 3771: 3765: 3764:Greek cuisine 3762: 3760: 3757: 3755: 3752: 3750: 3747: 3746: 3744: 3740: 3734: 3731: 3729: 3726: 3724: 3721: 3719: 3716: 3714: 3711: 3709: 3706: 3704: 3701: 3699: 3696: 3693: 3690: 3686: 3683: 3681: 3678: 3677: 3676: 3673: 3669: 3666: 3664: 3661: 3660: 3659: 3656: 3654: 3651: 3647: 3644: 3643: 3642: 3639: 3635: 3632: 3631: 3630: 3627: 3625: 3622: 3618: 3615: 3614: 3613: 3610: 3606: 3603: 3602: 3601: 3598: 3594: 3591: 3589: 3586: 3584: 3581: 3579: 3576: 3574: 3571: 3570: 3569: 3566: 3565: 3563: 3559: 3549: 3546: 3544: 3541: 3539: 3536: 3534: 3531: 3529: 3526: 3524: 3521: 3519: 3516: 3514: 3511: 3510: 3508: 3504: 3498: 3495: 3493: 3490: 3489: 3487: 3483: 3480: 3476: 3469: 3466: 3463: 3460: 3459: 3457: 3453: 3447: 3444: 3442: 3439: 3437: 3434: 3432: 3429: 3427: 3424: 3422: 3419: 3417: 3414: 3412: 3409: 3407: 3404: 3402: 3399: 3397: 3394: 3392: 3389: 3388: 3386: 3382: 3376: 3375:Ottoman Crete 3373: 3371: 3368: 3366: 3363: 3361: 3358: 3356: 3353: 3351: 3348: 3346: 3343: 3341: 3338: 3336: 3333: 3332: 3330: 3326: 3320: 3317: 3315: 3312: 3310: 3306: 3303: 3301: 3298: 3296: 3293: 3291: 3288: 3286: 3283: 3281: 3278: 3276: 3272: 3269: 3268: 3266: 3264:Major centres 3262: 3256: 3253: 3251: 3248: 3246: 3243: 3241: 3238: 3236: 3235:Greek Muslims 3233: 3231: 3228: 3227: 3225: 3221: 3215: 3212: 3210: 3207: 3206: 3204: 3202: 3198: 3194: 3187: 3182: 3180: 3175: 3173: 3168: 3167: 3164: 3152: 3149: 3147: 3144: 3142: 3139: 3137: 3134: 3132: 3129: 3127: 3124: 3122: 3119: 3117: 3114: 3112: 3109: 3107: 3104: 3102: 3099: 3097: 3094: 3093: 3091: 3087: 3079: 3076: 3074: 3071: 3070: 3069: 3066: 3064: 3061: 3059: 3056: 3055: 3053: 3049: 3043: 3040: 3038: 3035: 3033: 3030: 3028: 3025: 3024: 3022: 3018: 3014: 3006: 3001: 2999: 2994: 2992: 2987: 2986: 2983: 2977: 2974: 2973: 2969: 2964: 2960: 2957: 2953: 2950: 2946: 2943: 2942:0-521-27458-3 2939: 2935: 2931: 2928: 2927:0-451-62720-2 2924: 2920: 2916: 2913: 2909: 2905: 2901: 2900: 2896: 2887: 2884: 2881: 2876: 2873: 2869: 2864: 2862:0-19-285439-9 2858: 2854: 2847: 2844: 2840: 2828: 2822: 2819: 2815: 2809: 2806: 2800: 2797: 2793: 2789: 2786: 2785:1-57958-204-4 2782: 2778: 2774: 2771: 2765: 2762: 2756: 2753: 2747: 2744: 2741: 2735: 2732: 2726: 2723: 2719: 2713: 2710: 2705: 2698: 2695: 2690: 2686: 2685: 2677: 2674: 2670: 2664: 2661: 2657: 2653: 2651:0-313-30813-6 2647: 2643: 2636: 2633: 2629: 2625: 2621: 2617: 2610: 2607: 2604: 2600: 2597: 2596:0-521-60420-6 2593: 2589: 2583: 2580: 2575: 2574: 2567: 2564: 2561:Shaw, p. 114. 2558: 2555: 2551: 2545: 2542: 2538: 2532: 2529: 2524: 2522:0-465-09063-X 2518: 2514: 2510: 2509: 2501: 2498: 2494: 2488: 2485: 2479: 2476: 2470: 2467: 2463: 2457: 2454: 2448: 2446: 2442: 2436: 2433: 2430: 2425: 2422: 2419: 2414: 2411: 2406: 2404:0-7914-5636-6 2400: 2396: 2389: 2386: 2382: 2376: 2374: 2372: 2370: 2368: 2366: 2364: 2360: 2355: 2349: 2345: 2341: 2340: 2332: 2329: 2322: 2319: 2315: 2309: 2306: 2293: 2289: 2283: 2280: 2274: 2271: 2268: 2263: 2261: 2257: 2251: 2250:Douglas Dakin 2248: 2244: 2241: 2238: 2232: 2229: 2225: 2221: 2215: 2210: 2209: 2201: 2198: 2195: 2190: 2187: 2181: 2177: 2174: 2172: 2169: 2167: 2164: 2162: 2159: 2157: 2154: 2152: 2149: 2147: 2144: 2142: 2141:Greek Muslims 2139: 2137: 2134: 2132: 2129: 2128: 2124: 2123:Greece portal 2113: 2108: 2106: 2104: 2100: 2095: 2092: 2088: 2084: 2080: 2076: 2071: 2069: 2065: 2060: 2058: 2053: 2049: 2044: 2042: 2041:Ibrahim Pasha 2038: 2034: 2029: 2025: 2020: 2018: 2014: 2010: 2006: 2001: 1999: 1995: 1991: 1990:United States 1987: 1983: 1979: 1978: 1977:Filiki Eteria 1969: 1965: 1964: 1959: 1952: 1948: 1943: 1938: 1927: 1924: 1916: 1906: 1902: 1896: 1895: 1890:This section 1888: 1884: 1879: 1878: 1872: 1870: 1868: 1864: 1860: 1856: 1852: 1848: 1843: 1841: 1837: 1833: 1829: 1825: 1820: 1818: 1814: 1813: 1808: 1804: 1800: 1796: 1791: 1789: 1785: 1781: 1777: 1773: 1764: 1760: 1757:, during the 1756: 1752: 1745: 1743: 1741: 1737: 1732: 1730: 1726: 1722: 1718: 1714: 1709: 1707: 1703: 1699: 1695: 1691: 1686: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1672: 1668: 1664: 1658: 1656: 1652: 1651: 1642: 1641:Rigas Feraios 1638: 1631: 1627: 1623: 1618: 1607: 1604: 1596: 1593:November 2016 1586: 1582: 1576: 1575: 1570:This section 1568: 1564: 1559: 1558: 1552: 1550: 1548: 1544: 1540: 1534: 1530: 1522: 1520: 1518: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1497: 1495: 1491: 1487: 1484: 1480: 1479: 1473: 1471: 1465: 1462: 1458: 1457: 1448: 1445:portrayed by 1444: 1439: 1434: 1433:Greek Muslims 1426: 1424: 1422: 1418: 1414: 1409: 1407: 1403: 1399: 1395: 1390: 1388: 1384: 1383:Greek Muslims 1380: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1364: 1363:Greek Muslims 1360: 1352: 1347: 1343: 1341: 1336: 1334: 1331:(Sfakia) and 1330: 1326: 1322: 1317: 1313: 1307: 1303: 1295: 1293: 1289: 1286: 1282: 1277: 1273: 1271: 1267: 1263: 1255: 1251: 1247: 1246:Ottoman times 1243: 1239: 1235: 1230: 1223: 1219: 1214: 1210: 1208: 1204: 1200: 1196: 1195: 1185: 1180: 1175: 1171: 1163: 1161: 1157: 1155: 1151: 1147: 1143: 1139: 1131: 1126: 1119: 1113: 1107: 1102: 1098: 1091: 1086: 1082: 1075: 1070: 1067: 1063: 1059: 1052: 1047: 1040: 1035: 1033: 1031: 1027: 1023: 1019: 1015: 1011: 1007: 1003: 998: 996: 992: 988: 984: 980: 976: 972: 967: 965: 961: 953: 951: 949: 945: 941: 937: 936: 931: 927: 922: 920: 916: 912: 908: 904: 900: 896: 891: 889: 885: 881: 877: 873: 870: 866: 863: 859: 854: 852: 848: 844: 840: 836: 831: 827: 823: 819: 815: 810: 808: 804: 800: 796: 792: 788: 783: 781: 777: 773: 769: 764: 762: 758: 754: 750: 746: 742: 730: 726: 725: 720: 716: 712: 708: 704: 700: 688: 683: 681: 676: 674: 669: 668: 666: 665: 662: 652: 651: 644: 641: 639: 636: 634: 631: 629: 626: 624: 621: 619: 616: 614: 611: 609: 606: 604: 601: 600: 594: 593: 582: 579: 573: 570: 564: 561: 554: 550: 546: 543: 537: 534: 528: 525: 519: 516: 510: 507: 501: 498: 492: 489: 483: 480: 479: 476: 475:Modern Greece 471: 470: 459: 456: 450: 447: 441: 438: 437: 434: 429: 428: 417: 414: 411: 408: 407: 404: 399: 398: 388: 385: 379: 376: 370: 367: 361: 358: 352: 349: 348: 345: 340: 339: 322: 319: 306: 303: 290: 287: 284: 281: 280: 277: 272: 271: 264: 261: 260: 257: 252: 251: 247: 243: 242: 239: 232: 227: 221: 209: 205: 204:Modern Greece 200: 196: 192: 187: 183: 179: 176: 173: 169: 163: 160: 158: 155: 153: 150: 148: 147:Epirus Revolt 145: 143: 140: 138: 135: 133: 130: 127: 123: 119: 115: 112: 109: 105: 101: 97: 93: 89: 86: 85: 83: 79: 76: 73: 69: 64: 60: 54: 49: 44: 40: 31: 19: 6794: 6789:Loukis Laras 6787: 6780: 6773: 6766: 6759: 6752: 6745: 6738: 6731: 6591:Edgar Quinet 6363:Yussuf Pasha 6073:Hadži-Prodan 6043: 5984:Emmanuel Han 5964:Adam Friedel 5914:Samuel Barff 5896:Philhellenes 5057: 4860: 4853: 4846: 4839: 4712:Thessaloniki 4458: 4385:Greek Legion 4278:Publications 4181:John Caradja 4142:Orlov Revolt 4031: 4021: 3960: 3911: 3805: 3781: 3680:Orlov Revolt 3578:Thessalonica 3561:Wars/Battles 3533:Greek Legion 3468:Cretan State 3350:Morea Eyalet 3304: 3280:Thessaloniki 3270: 3192: 3120: 3037:Tripolitania 2962: 2955: 2948: 2933: 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Retrieved 2291: 2282: 2277:Clogg, 2002 2273: 2243: 2231: 2223: 2207: 2200: 2189: 2096: 2072: 2061: 2045: 2021: 2002: 1975: 1973: 1961: 1919: 1910: 1899:Please help 1894:verification 1891: 1847:Orlov Revolt 1844: 1821: 1810: 1792: 1768: 1759:Orlov Revolt 1754: 1740:philhellenes 1733: 1710: 1687: 1659: 1648: 1646: 1599: 1590: 1579:Please help 1574:verification 1571: 1542: 1538: 1536: 1517:Thessaloniki 1500: 1498: 1494:Grand Vizier 1485: 1482: 1481:) (in Greek 1476: 1474: 1466: 1454: 1452: 1410: 1391: 1356: 1337: 1309: 1290: 1278: 1274: 1265: 1261: 1259: 1232:View of the 1198: 1192: 1189: 1158: 1135: 1120:Ottoman rule 1032:until 1715. 1024:until 1579, 1002:Stato da Màr 999: 968: 957: 933: 929: 923: 913:(especially 898: 892: 865:fell in 1571 855: 811: 799:Prince Marko 784: 772:Roman Empire 765: 749:Stato da Mar 737:"Turkocracy" 733:Τουρκοκρατία 724:Tourkokratia 723: 722: 706: 696: 623:Constitution 457: 387:Roman Greece 181: 132:Orlov revolt 96:Thessalonica 38: 18:Tourkokratia 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2739:Spagnoli" 2464:, pg. 128 2383:, p. 101. 2131:Dragomans 2005:Macedonia 1788:Vardounia 1784:stratioti 1509:Macedonia 1417:Janissary 1413:Bayezid I 1371:Vallaades 1367:Macedonia 1281:devshirme 1234:Phanarion 1209:in 1453. 1199:Sanjakbey 977:remained 935:kocabaşis 930:prokritoi 890:in 1800. 880:Kefalonia 826:Venetians 782:in 1204. 633:Ethnonyms 563:Civil War 81:Including 63:Acropolis 46:1371–1912 6498:Military 6160:Moldavia 4861:Karteria 4823:Navarino 4798:Gerontas 4717:Navarino 4669:Phaleron 4664:Kamatero 4659:Arachova 4599:Vasilika 4584:Vasilika 4569:Valtetsi 4549:Kalamata 4488:Livadeia 4483:Navarino 4054:Proestoi 3759:Rebetiko 3692:Souliote 3478:Military 3328:Division 3285:Ioannina 3255:Proestoi 3106:Bulgaria 2794:Page 155 2773:Archived 2298:28 April 2109:See also 2091:Cyclades 2089:and the 1988:and the 1650:chifliks 1539:dimotika 1533:Rebetiko 1296:Religion 1270:timariot 1256:quarter. 1182:Map of " 1056:Ottoman 1004:include 979:Venetian 946:and the 911:Catholic 858:Cyclades 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4788:Andros 4768:Eresos 4752:Cyprus 4727:Naousa 4604:Trench 4564:Gravia 4478:Salona 4473:Patras 4466:Sieges 4459:Events 4174:People 4135:Events 4041:People 3946:Vienna 3921:Venice 3916:London 3782:People 3646:Candia 3593:Lesbos 3573:Thrace 3470:(1898) 3464:(1834) 3275:Patras 3271:Cities 3223:People 3146:Serbia 3131:Kosovo 3121:Greece 3116:Cyprus 3089:Europe 3058:Arabia 3020:Africa 2940: 2925: 2910: 2859: 2790: 2783: 2648: 2622: 2601: 2594: 2519: 2401: 2350: 2216: 2136:Giaour 2087:Euboia 2064:at war 2039:under 2013:Cyprus 2011:, and 1982:Odessa 1826:, the 1807:Phocis 1776:Maniot 1774:, the 1765:(1848) 1443:Mamluk 1375:Epirus 1333:Epirus 1321:Rhodes 1262:timars 1218:Pherae 1203:Sultan 1026:Sifnos 971:Cyprus 874:. The 862:Cyprus 818:Athens 699:Greece 618:Church 305:Minoan 237:Greece 228:on the 108:Lesbos 92:Thrace 75:Greece 6310:Egypt 6135:Serbs 6130:] 4832:Ships 4813:Volos 4803:Souda 4783:Samos 4773:Chios 4747:Kasos 4742:Psara 4737:Chios 4689:Petra 4639:Morea 4579:Lalas 4421:Ideas 3941:Odesa 3668:Corfu 3663:Morea 3588:Morea 3314:Hydra 3309:Chios 3068:Syria 3032:Egypt 2161:Rayah 2083:Volos 2037:Egypt 2028:Chios 2009:Crete 1949:" by 1761:, by 1630:Greek 1461:Zakat 1456:jizya 1365:were 1329:Crete 1254:Fener 1095:The " 1079:The " 1030:Tinos 1022:Paros 1018:Naxos 987:Corfu 975:Crete 869:Crete 843:Parga 787:Serbs 729:Greek 104:Morea 6389:and 6162:and 4847:Aris 4818:Itea 4649:Mani 4609:Peta 4503:Arta 4363:and 4327:the 3694:wars 3063:Iraq 3051:Asia 2938:ISBN 2923:ISBN 2908:ISBN 2857:ISBN 2788:ISBN 2781:ISBN 2691:–28. 2646:ISBN 2620:OCLC 2599:ISBN 2592:ISBN 2517:ISBN 2399:ISBN 2348:ISBN 2300:2012 2214:ISBN 2103:Otto 2079:Arta 1673:and 1531:and 1404:and 1304:and 1264:and 1172:and 1144:and 1020:and 1008:and 995:1716 991:1537 973:and 917:and 856:The 845:and 828:and 766:The 6675:Art 4349:of 2513:285 2344:100 2237:16. 2081:to 2050:at 1903:by 1583:by 1507:in 1244:in 1240:of 1220:", 755:in 613:Art 331:BC) 315:BC) 299:BC) 6868:: 6385:, 6304:, 6128:el 3963:: 3914:: 3808:: 3784:: 3307:: 3273:: 2865:. 2836:. 2689:27 2654:. 2626:. 2515:. 2444:^ 2362:^ 2346:. 2290:. 2259:^ 2222:. 2007:, 1801:a 1549:. 1496:. 1408:. 1156:. 1140:, 853:. 841:, 837:, 809:. 763:. 731:: 555:) 551:, 326:c. 310:c. 294:c. 124:, 120:, 106:, 102:, 98:, 94:, 6852:) 6848:( 6171:) 6167:( 4934:) 4930:( 4004:e 3997:t 3990:v 3185:e 3178:t 3171:v 3004:e 2997:t 2990:v 2944:. 2929:. 2914:. 2525:. 2407:. 2356:. 2302:. 1970:. 1953:. 1926:) 1920:( 1915:) 1911:( 1897:. 1606:) 1600:( 1595:) 1591:( 1577:. 1353:. 727:( 686:e 679:t 672:v 547:( 324:( 308:( 292:( 128:) 116:( 110:) 90:( 20:)

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