206:
632:. In contrast, teams that fail to qualify for the Championship Pool play only one additional "Placement Round" game against the team that finished in the same position in the opposite pool for the purposes of determining final tournament ranking. For these teams, there is little else to play for since there is no form of relegation (and, with the expansion of the field to sixteen teams, no "pre-qualifying tournament") and seeding is based solely on the performances of the participating teams and not the past results of the provinces and territories they represent.
603:, since 2000. After 33 games, when every club has played every other club three times, the division is split into two halves. Clubs play a further five matches, against the teams in their half of the division. This can (and often does) result in the team placed seventh having a higher points total than the team placed sixth (because their final five games are considerably easier), nevertheless, a team in the bottom half never receives a higher final ranking than a team which qualified for the top half.
744:) are each played several times by different players. For each such board the score achieved by each north–south (NS) pair is then measured against all the other NS pairs playing the same board. Thus pairs are rewarded for playing the same cards better than others have played them. There is a predetermined schedule of fixtures depending on the number of pairs and boards to be played, to ensure a good mix of opponents, and that no pair plays the same board or the same opponents twice (see
383:
375:(again, a fixture is one name for a tournament-match that determines who, out of two or three or more, will advance; a fixture may consist of one or more game-matches between competitors). Points are awarded for each fixture, with competitors ranked based either on total number of points or average points per fixture. Usually each competitor plays an equal number of fixtures, in which case rankings by total points and by average points are equivalent. The English
862:. The right to become a contender may be awarded through a tournament, as in chess, or through a ranking system: the ranking systems used by boxing's governing bodies are controversial and opaque. If the champion retires or dies, then the current top challenger may be declared champion or the title may be vacant until a match between two challengers is held. Prior to 1920, the reigning Wimbledon champion received a bye to the final; the official name of the
671:, and many other individual games, many tournaments over one or more years contribute to a player's ranking. However, many team sports involve teams in only one major tournament per year. In European sport, including football, this constitutes the sole ranking for the following season; the top teams from each division of the league are promoted to a higher division, while the bottom teams from a higher division are relegated to a lower one.
760:, as players are eliminated, the number of tables is gradually reduced, with the remaining players redistributed among the remaining tables. Play continues until one player has won all of the chips in play. Finishing order is determined by the order in which players are eliminated: last player remaining gets first place, last player eliminated gets second, previous player eliminated gets third, etc.
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1027:, with openings for unranked players in the qualifying draw. Total prize money ranged from $ 25,000 to $ 75,000 per circuit. ATP points were awarded on the basis of a player's ranking within the circuit and from 1987 onwards on the basis of the conversion of a player's circuit points into ATP points. Players successful at this level of pro tennis would move on to play
643:(an elite pan-European club competition) exempt. The league then splits. The top seven teams are joined by the Euroleague representative for a second home-and-away season, with no results carrying over from the first phase. These eight teams compete for four spots in a final playoff. The bottom five teams play their own home-and-away league, but their previous results
893:. Another ladder system is to give competitors a certain number of ranking points at the start. If two competitors play each other, then the winner will gain a percentage of the loser's ranking points. In this way competitors that join later will generally start in the middle, since top competitors already have won ranking points and bottom competitors have lost them.
217:, only the top-ranked competitors in a fixture progress; in 2-competitor games, only the winner progresses. All other competitors are eliminated. This ensures a winner is decided with the minimum number of fixtures. However, most competitors will be eliminated after relatively few matches; a single bad or unlucky performance can nullify many preceding excellent ones.
410:, the second matchday in the first stage (today's Groups Stage) would depend on the results of the first matchday of the same stage, the third matchday would depend on the results of both the first and the second matchday, and so on, in contrast to the predetermination of all Groups Stage fixtures upon the initial draw.
394:, each competitor plays all the others an equal number of times, once in a single round-robin tournament and twice in a double round-robin tournament. This is often seen as producing the most reliable rankings. However, for large numbers of competitors it may require an unfeasibly large number of rounds. A
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Tournaments of value have come to legitimise what are often seen as marginalised practices that sit outside of popular culture. For example, the Grammy Award ceremony helped to shape country music as a viable commercial field, and Booker Prize ceremony helped to create new fields of literary fiction.
884:
The ladder is an extension of the challenge system. All competitors are ranked on a "ladder". New contestants join the bottom of the ladder. Any contestant can challenge a competitor ranked slightly higher; if the challenger wins the match (or the challenge is refused) they swap places on the ladder.
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attempts to determine a winner reliably, based on a smaller number of fixtures. Unlike regular Groups format, fixtures are scheduled one round at a time and depending on the results of the previous one; a competitor will play another who has a similar record in previous rounds of the tournament. This
327:(OVC) for men since 2011 and women from 2011 through 2014. From 2019 forward, the WCC tournaments will return to the aforementioned format, but add an extra round so that all 10 current conference members will participate (the OVC tournament does not involve all of the league's members, currently 12).
487:
Other general framework conditions should also be as equal as possible for all competitors. For example, all competitors should have approximately the same regeneration time between matches. As a consequence, both participants playing a match should, as a rule, have played the same number of matches
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are rare or impossible, competitors are typically ranked by number of wins, with ties counting half; each competitors' listings are usually ordered Wins–Losses(–Ties). Where ties are more common, this may be 2 points for a win and 1 for a tie, which is mathematically equivalent but avoids having too
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The tournament should determine the actually best competitor as the competition winner with the greatest possible probability. The final rankings should also reflect the true strength of the competitors as accurately as possible. (For example, the round-robin tournament is significantly better than
413:
Another tournament system that attempts to reduce the number of fixtures per competitor is the Pot System. Under that system, competitors are divided to different "pots" based on predetermined ranking and are drawn to play one rival from each pot, including their own pot. For example, in a 36-team
306:
An extreme form of the knockout tournament is the stepladder format where the strongest team (or individual, depending on the sport) is assured of a berth at the final round while the next strongest teams are given byes according to their strength/seeds; for example, in a four team tournament, the
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using a complicated formula. Seeds 1, 4, 5, 8, 9, 12, 13 and 16 and placed in Pool A while seeds 2, 3, 6, 7, 10, 11, 14 and 15 are placed in Pool B. After each team has played seven games, the top four teams from each pool advance to the "Championship Pool." Carrying over their entire round robin
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Two U.S. college conferences operate a tournament format in basketball that combines two stepladder tournaments into one—that is, both halves of the bracket are organized as stepladder tournaments. When eight teams are involved in the tournament, the bottom four teams play in the first round; the
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A competition involving a number of matches, each involving a subset of the competitors, with the overall tournament winner determined based on the combined results of these individual matches. These are common in those sports and games where each match must involve a small number of competitors:
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The primary objective of a tournament is to determine the winner of a competition. Ideally, the tournament should be designed in such a way that all participants have an equal chance to compete and progress, regardless of factors like seeding or scheduling. The influence of luck or chance on the
201:
plays in at least one fixture per round. The top-ranked competitors in each fixture progress to the next round. As rounds progress, the number of competitors and fixtures decreases. The final round, usually known as the final or cup final, consists of just one fixture; the winner of which is the
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Groups I and II in all zones, plus Group III in the Europe/Africa Zone only, are conducted in a round-robin format. The bottom two teams in each group are relegated to the next group down, assuming one exists, while the top two teams in Groups II and III are promoted to the next-higher
481:
The tournament should ensure the decisive importance of each match for the final ranking. Meaningless matches for one or both participants, tactical results, collusion at the expense of third parties should be excluded by the rules of the tournament. (This is always fulfilled in the
595:, teams played a double round-robin, at which point they were split into a top "championship" group and a bottom "relegation" group; each played a separate double round-robin, with results of all 32 matches counting for ranking each group. A similar system is also used by the
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Tournaments of value go beyond game show and simple contests as the tournament itself emerges as being more significant, bestowing status and prestige on the winner and, in the process, shapes industry practices and acts as institutional mechanisms for shaping social fields.
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and before that the Super Six, features two teams from each of four preliminary groups (previously three teams from two preliminary groups), who do not replay the teams they have already played, but instead reuse the original results in the new league table. Formerly in the
1011:, maintain several tiers of satellites. A player can thus start out at one tier (not necessarily the lowest one) and play their way to a higher tier. The entry fee for each tier is always higher than the fee for the tier below it, with the first tier being the cheapest.
338:
both use the stepladder format if a team wins all elimination round (group stage) games. This format has been adopted to other sports in both leagues, and to other leagues. If no team wins all elimination round games, the playoffs remain in the usual two-round playoff
1039:, and were officially the second tier of tournaments after the main tour and predated the introduction of challenger events in 1978, they then became the third tier of events and were discontinued following the 2006 season as the circuit moved exclusively to one-week
414:
World Cup, teams would be divided into 3 pots, with each team playing 3 matches - one against a Pot A team, one against Pot B team, and one against a team from Pot C. All teams are then placed in one general standing the defines qualification to the following stage.
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carry over. These teams are competing to avoid relegation, with the bottom team automatically relegated and the second-from-bottom team forced to play a mini-league with the second- and third-place teams from the second level for a place in the top league.
307:
fourth and third seed figure in the first round, then the winner goes to the semifinals against the second seed, while the survivor faces the first seed at the final. Four
American sports organizations either currently use this format, or have in the past:
440:: each of the teams in Group A played each of the teams in Group B, with the groups ranked separately based on the results. (Groups C and D intertwined similarly.) An elaboration of this system is the Mitchell movement in duplicate bridge, discussed
681:
The first-round losers in the top-level World Group compete in playoff ties against the winners of the second-round ties in Group I of the competition's three regional zones, with the winners of each playoff tie remaining in or promoted to the World
508:
The tournament should correspond to the sport-specific, organisational and temporal framework conditions of the specific competition, e.g. competition duration, minimum and maximum number of matches in total and individually for each competitor,
462:, which de-emphasizes ties in favor of playing to a decisive result. These are usually ordered Wins–Ties–Losses. If there are more than two competitors per fixture, points may be ordinal (for example, 3 for first, 2 for second, 1 for third).
433:. For example, NFL teams play two games against each of the other three teams in their division, one game against six of the other twelve teams in their conference, and one game against five of the sixteen teams in the other conference.
1059:. It is a smaller tournament that leads up to a major pinball championship, where participants have the opportunity to win their entry into the larger tournament. Applying the satellite tournament concept to pinball was first done by
275:(AFL), allow the teams with the best record before the playoffs to lose a game without being eliminated, whereas lesser qualifiers are not. Several of the most prominent leagues in Australia use such a system, such as the AFL and the
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In the three regional zones, Group II is conducted in a knockout format. The winner of the knockout tournament is promoted to Group I of its zone. The first-round losers then play relegation ties, with the losers relegated to Group
518:
Many tournaments are held in multiple stages, with the top teams in one stage progressing to the next. American professional team sports have a "regular season" (group tournament) acting as qualification for the "post season" or
302:
meetings, fastest losers may progress in a running event held over several rounds; e.g. the qualifiers for a later round might be the first 4 from each of 6 heats, plus the 8 fastest losers from among the remaining runners.
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a "tournament" is a tournament in the first sense above, composed of multiple "events", which are tournaments in the second sense. Some events may be single-elimination, double-elimination, or Swiss style. However,
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for men) starting in 2018. The change was intended to allow the expansion of the main stage of the tournament from twelve to sixteen teams while keeping the round robin at eleven games. The teams are seeded using
180:
used if the scores are level after both matches conclude. In this case, the first tiebreak-match is extra time (modified game-match with reduced duration) and the second tiebreak-match is a penalty shoot-out.
662:
Where the number of competitors is larger than a tournament format permits, there may be multiple tournaments held in parallel, with competitors assigned to a particular tournament based on their ranking. In
700:
The losers in World Group II play ties against the four zonal Group I winners (two from Europe/Africa and one each from Asia/Oceania and
Americas), with the winners playing in World Group II the following
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Groups III and IV in each zone are contested in a round-robin format. The top two teams in each group are promoted, while the bottom two teams are relegated (assuming there is a lower group in their zone).
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often have repechage rounds for the "fastest loser" from the heats. The winners of these progress, but are at a disadvantage in later rounds owing to the extra effort expended during the repechage.
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A satellite tournament is either a minor tournament or event on a competitive sporting tour or one of a group of such tournaments that form a series played in the same country or region.
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are tournaments in the second sense, but not the first, having matches spread across many venues over a period of up to a season. Many tournaments meet both definitions; for example, the
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results should be minimised. The tournament should also be an exciting and engaging event for participants and spectators. Hence the following requirements for an ideal tournament:
231:
A triple-elimination tournament allows a competitor to lose two games and creates a third bracket or fourth bracket which are usually followed by a playoff. It is commonly used in
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is decided between the winners of separate champion and challenger tournaments, respectively for yachts from the country of the reigning champion, and of all other countries. The
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In professional tennis, satellite circuits were four-week tournaments (five before 1987), typically organised by a country's national tennis association and overseen by the
436:
American sports are also unusual in providing fixtures between competitors who are, for ranking purposes, in different groups. Another, systematic, example of this was the
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The four first-round losers in World Group I compete in playoff ties against the four winners in World Group II, with the winners remaining in or promoted to World Group I.
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For the spectators, exciting matches between the best pretenders to the championship are desirable. Therefore, the proportion of such games should be as high as possible.
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in New
Zealand rugby union is a challenge trophy between provincial teams, in which the holders of the Shield retain it until they are beaten by a challenging province.
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events. The men's satellite tournaments began as early as 1971 such as the
Pacific Southwest Satellite played in Inglewood, California was a standalone event won by
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A 16-player single elimination tournament: 12 games have been played, and the winner of Lisa vs Ernie will play the winner of Andrew vs Robert, in the final round.
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tournament, a tie between two nations involves five rubbers between the nations' players. The team that wins the most rubbers wins the tie. In the later rounds of
1351:
Taheri, Babak; Gori, Keith; O’Gorman, Kevin; Hogg, Gillian; Farrington, Thomas (2016-01-02). "Experiential liminoid consumption: the case of nightclubbing".
347:
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records with them, Championship Pool teams play one game against each of the four teams in the opposite pool, with the top four teams qualifying for the
335:
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Tiebreak criteria should be transparent and based on sporting merit only. (Problematic in the round-robin tournament and in the Swiss system tournament)
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of association football also used such a system through its 2011–12 season, but now uses a pure knockout playoff. Similar systems are used in cricket's
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has a unique system. In its first phase, 12 of the league's 13 clubs compete in a full home-and-away season, with the country's representative in the
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950:
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survivors will face the #3 and #4 seeds, and the winners of those matches take on the top two seeds in the semifinals. This format was used by the
124:. Tournaments "are temporally demarcated events, participation in which confers levels of status and prestige amongst all participating members".
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finals tournament, the first round has been a group stage with groups of four teams, the top two qualifying for the "knockout stage" played as a
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stage in a multi-stage tournament. The competitors are divided into multiple groups, which play separate round-robins in parallel. Measured by a
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While tournament structures attempt to provide an objective format for determining the best competitor in a game or sport, other methods exist.
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may be used in 2-competitor games to allow each competitor a single loss without being eliminated from the tournament. All losers from the main
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926:
636:
1308:
Anand, N.; Jones, Brittany C. (2008-09-01). "Tournament
Rituals, Category Dynamics, and Field Configuration: The Case of the Booker Prize".
1226:
Garud, Raghu (2008-09-01). "Conferences as Venues for the
Configuration of Emerging Organizational Fields: The Case of Cochlear Implants".
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allows the top (and bottom) competitors to be determined with fewer rounds than a round-robin, though the middle rankings are unreliable.
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in 2013 to promote both the show and the tournaments at the show. Since then, some other major tournaments have begun using the concept.
1024:
176:. The scores of each leg are added, and the team with the higher aggregate score wins the fixture, with extra time, and if necessary, a
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games (in a series against the same opponent) before being eliminated (e.g. in a best-of-7 games series, the winner must win 4 games).
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824:
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Main Event. Although there are some land-based satellite tournaments (usually for very high-stakes tournaments), most of them are
567:. As well as a fixed number of qualifiers from each group, some may be determined by comparing between different groups: at the
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96:. Such tournaments allow large numbers to compete against each other in spite of the restriction on numbers in a single match.
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This promotion and relegation occurs mainly in league tournaments, but also features in Davis Cup and Fed Cup tennis:
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The winner of the competition is to be determined at the end of the tournament in a final of the two best competitors.
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operated independently from the BCS, and two other polls were part of the BCS formula. The BCS was replaced by the
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Example of a round-robin tournament with ten participating teams: each team plays each other team, over nine days
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In a "shootout" tournament, players do not change tables until every table has been reduced to one player.
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Thompson, Alex; Stringfellow, Lindsay; Maclean, Mairi; MacLaren, Andrew; O’Gorman, Kevin (2015-03-24).
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Thompson, Alex; Stringfellow, Lindsay; Maclean, Mairi; MacLaren, Andrew; O’Gorman, Kevin (2015-03-24).
68:
One or more competitions held at a single venue and concentrated into a relatively short time interval.
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used this format in all of its three seasons of existence. For an example of its playoff system, see
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that grew from a system devised for the
Victorian Football League, the historic predecessor to the
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In this format, champions retain their title until they are defeated by an opponent, known as the
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single-elimination tournament, but usually not in the last rounds of the round-robin tournament).
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1175:"Gone to Pot? What works and what does not — by the man who tried to convince UEFA back in 2013"
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reflects a similar arrangement which applied only in that tournament's very early years. The
323:(WCC) for its men's and women's tournaments from 2003 through 2013, and has been used by the
161:) and if necessary one or more tiebreak-matches between the competitors. For example, in the
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tournaments do not, since there are no distinct matches within the tournament. In contrast,
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917:, this is rarely significant in sports and games. Though unofficial, the polls run by the
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730:
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enter a losers' bracket, the winner of which plays off against the main bracket's winner.
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This article is about tournaments in general. For the tournaments of the Middle Ages, see
543:, the top competitors in each group qualify for the next stage. In most editions of the
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Sometimes, results from an earlier phase are carried over into a later phase. In the
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A champion may be selected by an authorised or self-appointed group, often after a
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1023:. They were played by players who were ranked outside the top few hundred by the
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64:. More specifically, the term may be used in either of two overlapping senses:
1271:"Tournament Rituals in the Evolution of Fields: the Case of the Grammy Awards"
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in which points are calculated based on the teams' results in all competitive
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in the tournament so far. (Not fulfilled in the double-elimination tournament)
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team sports, weaker teams are given an easier slate of fixtures as a form of
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Ladders are common in internal club competitions in individual sports, like
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There may be other considerations besides reliability of rankings. In some
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1396:"Puppets of necessity? Celebritisation in structured reality television"
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1104:"Puppets of necessity? Celebritisation in structured reality television"
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of
European rugby league before being scrapped after the 2014 season.
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tournaments. Some tournaments have two group stages, for example the
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in cricket did not require an equal number of matches prior to 1963.
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93:
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The hierarchy of divisions may be linear, or tree-like, as with the
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is a qualifying event. Winners of these satellites usually win the
551:. This format is common in many international team events, such as
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738:" are the most widespread. In these events, a number of deals (or
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381:
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965:; since then, all polls have operated independently from the CFP.
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events use a stepladder final, usually involving five bowlers.
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involving at least three competitors, all participating in a
933:, a quasi-official national championship (to this day, the
905:. While common in non-competitive activities, ranging from
575:, the best four of six third-place sides qualified; at the
41:"Tourney" redirects here. For the town in Saint Lucia, see
610:
for the
Canadian championship curling tournaments (the
1043:, the modern denomination for a satellite tournament.
999:
fee to a larger, more prestigious tournament like the
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the single-elimination tournament in these respects).
586:, the second stage, known as the Super Eight since
444:, where north–south pairs play east–west pairs.
425:. Sometimes schedules are weighted in favour of
579:the best one of five third-place sides did so.
246:, requiring a competitor to lose a majority of
606:A multi-stage pool system was implemented by
371:involves all competitors playing a number of
8:
402:For clarification, this means in hypothesis
805:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
149:) may involve one or more game-matches (or
1269:Anand, N.; Watson, Mary R. (2004-02-01).
825:Learn how and when to remove this message
348:2009 Women's Professional Soccer Playoffs
197:is divided into successive rounds; each
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441:
291:tournaments, and were also used by the
921:and others were prestigious titles in
238:Some elimination tournaments are in a
949:until the final season of the BCS in
523:" (single-elimination tournament). A
458:many half-points in the listings, or
104:meet the first definition, but while
7:
803:adding citations to reliable sources
466:General requirements for tournaments
1025:Association of Tennis Professionals
100:These two senses are distinct. All
27:Sports event with a number of teams
767:Alternatives to tournament systems
599:and its historic predecessor, the
460:3 points for a win and 1 for a tie
25:
1061:Northwest Pinball and Arcade Show
1322:10.1111/j.1467-6486.2008.00782.x
1240:10.1111/j.1467-6486.2008.00783.x
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72:often precisely two, as in most
1403:Journal of Marketing Management
1353:Journal of Marketing Management
1111:Journal of Marketing Management
1021:International Tennis Federation
713:English football league pyramid
637:top Slovenian basketball league
565:1999–2000 UEFA Champions League
449:Group tournament ranking system
1:
1365:10.1080/0267257X.2015.1089309
1310:Journal of Management Studies
1275:Academy of Management Journal
1228:Journal of Management Studies
1202:"MatchVision POTs Format (c)"
612:Scotties Tournament of Hearts
549:single-elimination tournament
222:double-elimination tournament
215:single-elimination tournament
122:Wimbledon tennis championship
108:tournaments meet the second,
1415:10.1080/0267257X.2014.988282
1123:10.1080/0267257X.2014.988282
453:In 2-competitor games where
438:2006 Women's Rugby World Cup
336:NCAA Basketball Championship
332:UAAP Basketball Championship
269:family of tournament systems
1160:County Championship history
945:of college football). From
541:points-based ranking system
344:Women's Professional Soccer
36:Tournament (disambiguation)
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1055:is modeled after those in
1051:A satellite tournament in
991:A satellite tournament in
937:does not officially award
746:duplicate bridge movements
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655:
446:
406:adopts a Swiss System for
311:Since the mid-1960s, most
273:Australian Football League
40:
29:
925:prior to the creation in
923:American college football
850:. This system is used in
959:College Football Playoff
931:Bowl Championship Series
860:World Chess Championship
658:Promotion and relegation
652:Promotion and relegation
330:In the Philippines, the
601:Scottish Premier League
514:Multi-stage tournaments
396:Swiss system tournament
392:round-robin tournament
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325:Ohio Valley Conference
210:
195:elimination tournament
34:. For other uses, see
1078:Apertura and Clausura
1029:ATP Challenger Series
1001:World Series of Poker
593:Swiss Football League
431:traditional rivalries
408:UEFA Champions League
385:
321:West Coast Conference
285:Indian Premier League
279:in rugby league. The
277:National Rugby League
208:
170:UEFA Champions League
32:tournament (medieval)
979:Satellite tournament
970:Tournaments of value
799:improve this section
597:Scottish Premiership
577:1999 Rugby World Cup
359:A group tournament,
185:Knockout tournaments
174:played over two legs
114:association football
94:competitive debating
92:, and many forms of
1041:Futures tournaments
1031:or even top-flight
1007:. Some sites, like
856:lineal championship
852:professional boxing
569:1986 FIFA World Cup
561:1982 FIFA World Cup
377:County Championship
253:Some formats use a
191:knockout tournament
1459:Tournament systems
719:Bridge tournaments
678:In the Davis Cup:
614:for women and the
388:
211:
202:overall champion.
172:, each fixture is
1181:. 7 February 2021
880:Ladder tournament
835:
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758:poker tournaments
752:Poker tournaments
584:Cricket World Cup
355:Group tournaments
178:penalty shoot-out
116:leagues like the
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864:FA Challenge Cup
830:
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816:
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725:Duplicate bridge
694:In the Fed Cup:
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342:The now-defunct
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102:golf tournaments
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1083:Tennis tour
858:), and the
736:Pair events
537:round-robin
525:group stage
110:stroke play
90:board games
74:team sports
54:competition
1211:9 November
1185:9 November
1089:References
1037:Mike Estep
1009:PokerStars
848:challenger
641:Euroleague
553:World Cups
533:pool stage
369:conference
199:competitor
106:match play
86:card games
50:tournament
43:La Tourney
1431:0267-257X
1381:145243798
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1338:146564280
1330:1467-6486
1287:0001-4273
1248:1467-6486
1206:vimeo.com
1139:0267-257X
898:Selection
842:Challenge
786:does not
625:bonspiels
529:pool play
429:or other
300:athletics
287:and most
255:repechage
163:Davis Cup
1453:Category
1439:56206894
1295:20159560
1256:42923843
1163:Cricinfo
1147:56206894
1067:See also
1033:ATP Tour
669:Scrabble
521:playoffs
373:fixtures
365:division
334:and the
281:A-League
262:regattas
240:best-of-
1053:pinball
1047:Pinball
955:AP Poll
929:of the
807:removed
792:sources
701:season.
563:or the
557:Olympic
535:) is a
531:or the
339:format.
289:curling
233:curling
226:bracket
152:rubbers
140:fixture
84:, many
18:Tourney
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953:, the
915:Oscars
911:cinema
887:squash
741:boards
705:group.
682:Group.
361:league
259:Rowing
244:series
166:tennis
1435:S2CID
1399:(PDF)
1377:S2CID
1334:S2CID
1291:JSTOR
1252:S2CID
1143:S2CID
1107:(PDF)
1057:poker
993:poker
987:Poker
854:(see
665:Chess
442:below
390:In a
213:In a
58:sport
52:is a
1427:ISSN
1369:ISSN
1326:ISSN
1283:ISSN
1244:ISSN
1213:2021
1187:2021
1135:ISSN
963:2014
951:2013
947:2005
935:NCAA
927:1998
903:vote
891:pool
889:and
790:any
788:cite
686:III.
635:The
588:2007
571:and
509:etc.
455:ties
404:UEFA
158:legs
146:heat
131:(or
88:and
80:and
62:game
1419:hdl
1411:doi
1361:doi
1318:doi
1236:doi
1127:hdl
1119:doi
941:in
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909:to
801:by
756:In
748:).
729:In
555:or
367:or
298:In
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134:tie
60:or
1455::
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