Collision avoidance system - Knowledge (XXG)

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the braking power will be boosted as the situation requires, up to a full brake application. Should the driver fail to react, the Pre-Safe Brake triggers autonomous vehicle braking. Pedestrian detection is active up to about 72 km/h (45 mph), and can reduce collisions with pedestrians autonomously from an initial speed of up to 50 km/h (31 mph). A radar sensor in the rear bumper monitors the traffic behind the vehicle. If the risk of an impact from the rear is detected, the rear hazard warning lights are activated to alert the driver of the vehicle behind (not on vehicles with USA/Canada coding). Anticipatory occupant protection measures, such as the reversible belt tensioners, are deployed. If the vehicle is stopped and the driver indicates a wish to remain stationary – by depressing the brake pedal, activating the hold function, or moving the selector lever to "P" – the system increases the brake pressure to keep the vehicle firmly braked during a possible rear-end collision. Pre-Safe Impulse works an early phase of the crash, before the resulting deceleration starts to increase, the front occupants are pulled away from the direction of impact and deeper into their seats by their seat belts. By the time the accident enters the phase when loads peak, the extra distance they are retracted by can be used while dissipating energy in a controlled fashion. Pre-acceleration and force limitation allow the occupants to be temporarily isolated from the effects of the crash, significantly reducing the risk and severity of injuries in a frontal collision.

430:. "Pre sense plus" works in four phases. The system first provides warning of an impending accident, activating hazard warning lights, closing windows and sunroof, and pre-tensioning front seat belts. The warning is followed by light braking to get the driver's attention. The third phase initiates autonomous partial braking at a rate of 3 m/s (9.8 ft/s). The fourth phase increases braking to 5 m/s (16.4 ft/s) followed by automatic full braking power, roughly half a second before projected impact. "Pre sense rear", is designed to reduce the consequences of rear-end collisions. The sunroof and windows are closed and seat belts are prepared for impact. The seats are moved forward to protect the car's occupants. 2015 introduced the "avoidance assistant" system that intervenes in the steering to help the driver avoid an obstacle. If an accident occurs, the "turning assistant" monitors opposing traffic when turning left at low speeds. In critical situations, it stops the car. "Multi collision brake assist" uses controlled braking maneuvers during the accident to aid the driver. Both systems were introduced on the 683:

ahead, helping detect an imminent collision. It provides a two-stage warning to alert the driver, and if the driver takes no action, the system automatically engages the brakes to mitigate the collision speed and impact. A predictive forward collision warning system warns the driver of risks that may be obscured from the driver's view. It senses the relative velocity and distance of a vehicle directly ahead, as well as a vehicle traveling in front of the preceding one. The forward emergency braking system judges that deceleration is required, it alerts the driver using both a screen display and sound, then generates a force that pushes the accelerator pedal up and applies partial braking to assist the driver in slowing the vehicle down. When the system judges that there is the possibility of a collision, it will automatically apply harder braking to help avoid one.

529:, with the tagline, "Safety for Everyone". The system uses two types of sensors: a millimeter-wave radar in the front grille and a monocular camera on the windshield. These sensors detect pedestrians and other objects with improved accuracy. Enhanced data processing capabilities allow the system to recognize surroundings, driver intentions, and vehicle conditions, enabling collaborative control over braking and steering. The system now includes six new functions, such as the Pedestrian Collision Mitigation Steering System, and assists in vehicle speed, following distance, and lane keeping. Honda continues to evolve its driver-assistive technologies globally to enhance safety and comfort. 960: 854:

detects pedestrians and issues a visual alert on the dashboard immediately in front of the driver if the system determines that there is a risk of collision. If the likelihood of a collision increases, the system issues an audio and visual alarm to encourage the driver to take evasive action, and the increased pre-collision braking force and automatic braking functions are activated. If the system determines that a collision cannot be avoided by braking alone and there is sufficient room for avoidance, steer assist is activated to steer the vehicle away from the pedestrian.

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include the E-Pretensioner's tugging on the shoulder portion of the seat belt two to three times as an additional tactile warning to the driver to take action. The third stage, in which the CMBS predicts that a collision is unavoidable, includes full seat belt slack take-up by the E-Pretensioner for more effective seat belt protection and automatic application of the brakes to lessen the severity of the predicted crash. The E-Pretensioner would also work to reduce seat belt slack whenever the brakes are applied, and the brake assist system is activated.

40: 703:(19 mph), the vehicle will reduce its speed automatically. It also allows the vehicle to engage braking assist, if there is a risk of a frontal collision and the driver suddenly applies the brakes. The speed difference to allow an automatic stop was raised to 50 km/h (31 mph) in 2013 with improved cameras. The adaptive cruise control was also upgraded in 2010 to allow automatic emergency braking in traffic, fully stopping the EyeSight vehicle when the car in front has come to a complete stop. 720: 411:. Automobile manufactures may describe the systems installed on their vehicles using different names to differentiate their marketing efforts. A particular automaker may have systems and sensors sourced from a variety of suppliers. Therefore, even a single car brand may offer various levels of technology sophistication and the: frequency of false alerts can be different from model to model and trim level to trim level, depending on the types of camera and/or laser-based systems installed. 471: 557:

to approaching vehicles at intersections; Lane Change Collision Mitigation, which helps avoid collisions during lane changes; and Collision Mitigation Braking, which provides braking assistance at turns. It also features Adaptive Cruise Control with Cornering Speed Assist, adjusting speed during cornering for smoother navigation. The application of Honda SENSING 360 will begin in 2022, starting from China, with the first vehicle equipped with Honda SENSING 360 being the

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pressure and apply – with maximum deceleration power – if necessary. In the case of a crash, the system can bring the vehicle to a standstill. Later iterations of the system on cars equipped with an Automatic Cruise Control system are improved by combining radar and camera detection during fog, rain, and other situations where normal camera operations may be compromised.

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markers) and throttle management (to prevent sudden unintended acceleration in forward and reverse) systems in 2013 with the improved cameras. EyeSight has been very popular, equipped on approximately 90% of all Legacy and Outbacks sold in Japan at the beginning of 2012, and the engineers responsible for its development won a prize from the Japanese government that year.

55: 690:(NHTSA). As of September 2019, Nissan considered the issue strictly as a "performance update" by issuing technical service bulletins—at least three since January 2019—that pertain to reprogramming the radar control unit, according to the agency. At least 553,860 cars are potentially affected from the 2017 and 2018 model years. 838:. The system is designed to determine if the driver is late in decelerating at an approaching stop sign, will then sound an alert, and can also pre-charge the brakes to provide braking force if deemed necessary. This system works in certain Japanese cities and requires Japan-specific road markings that are detected by a camera. 518:, using a radar-based system to monitor the situation ahead and provide brake assistance if the driver reacts with insufficient force on the brake pedal after a warning in the instrument cluster and a tightening of the seat belts. The Honda system was the first production system to provide automatic braking. 849:

2012: Higher speed APCS on the Lexus LS enables deceleration from up to 37 mph (60 km/h), compared to the previous of 25 mph (40 km/h). The higher-speed APCS uses the same technologies as the current APCs. This system increases the braking force up to twice that applied by average

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Subaru's system, branded "EyeSight", was announced in May 2008 using stereo camera technology to detect pedestrians and bicyclists. As initially announced, EyeSight enabled pre-collision braking control and adaptive cruise control at all speeds. It was rolled out in Japan to selected models in 2010;

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2021: Honda introduced the Honda SENSING 360 system, enhancing the original with omnidirectional sensing. This system helps eliminate blind spots and reduce collisions by using five millimeter-wave radar units and a front camera. Key features include Front Cross Traffic Warning, which alerts drivers

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received the radar- and camera-based crash imminent braking (radar technology detects a possible crash threat and alerts the driver. If the driver does not appear to react quickly enough or doesn't react at all, this feature intervenes to apply the brakes to avoid the crash. Forward collision alert,

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Beginning on the 2012 Ford Focus, Active City Stop was offered on the range-topping Titanium model, under the optional Sports Executive Pack. The system used windscreen-mounted cameras, radars, and lidars to monitor the road ahead. The system doesn't provide a warning, rather, it can prevent a crash

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2013: Pre-collision system with pedestrian-avoidance steer assist and steering bypass assist can help prevent collisions in cases where automatic braking alone is not sufficient, such as when the vehicle is traveling too fast or a pedestrian suddenly steps into the vehicle's path. An onboard sensor

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systems. Brake assist with preview function anticipates the need to apply emergency braking and pre-pressurize the brake system to help improve brake response. Intelligent brake assist (IBA) with forwarding emergency braking (FEB) (on QX80) uses radar to monitor the approaching speed of the vehicle

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as plus with cross-traffic assist. Pre-Safe with pedestrian detection and City Brake function is a combination of stereo camera and radar sensors to detect pedestrians in front of the vehicle. Visual and acoustic warnings are triggered when a hazard is spotted. If the driver then reacts by braking,

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on the steering column. This system monitors the driver's face to determine where the driver is looking. If the driver's head turns away from the road and a frontal obstacle is detected, the system will alert the driver using a buzzer, and if necessary, pre-charge the brakes and tighten the safety

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designed to prevent or reduce the severity of a collision. In its basic form, a forward collision warning system monitors a vehicle's speed, the speed of the vehicle in front of it, and the distance between the vehicles, so that it can provide a warning to the driver if the vehicles get too close,

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that visually resembles brake lamps. If the driver does not react, the system pre-charges the brakes and increases the brake assist sensitivity to maximize driver braking performance. Later versions would automatically apply the brakes to minimize pedestrian impacts. In some models of Volvos, the

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firmness, steering gear ratios, and torque to aid the driver's evasive steering measures. The lane departure warning system will make automatic steering adjustments to help ensure that the vehicle maintains its lane in case the driver fails to react. Driver Monitoring System was introduced on the

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Once an impending collision is detected, these systems provide a warning to the driver. When the collision becomes imminent, they can take action autonomously without any driver input (by braking or steering or both). Collision avoidance by braking is appropriate at low vehicle speeds (e.g. below

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introduced an advanced pre-collision system (APCS), added a twin-lens stereo camera located on the windshield, and a more sensitive radar to detect smaller "soft" objects such as animals and pedestrians. A near-infrared projector located in the headlights allows the system to work at night. With

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The pre-collision braking control was upgraded in 2010 to allow the vehicle to stop automatically if the speed difference between the EyeSight-equipped vehicle and the object in front is less than 30 km/h (19 mph) and the driver takes no action to slow down or stop. Above 30 km/h

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The system also incorporated an "E-Pretensioner", which worked in conjunction with the CMBS system with electric motors on the seat belts. When activated, the CMBS has three warning stages. The first warning stage includes audible and visual warnings to brake. If ignored, the second stage would

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A key feature of Honda SENSING Elite is the hands-off function, which assists in steering the vehicle when the driver has their hands off the wheel, supported by adaptive in-lane driving. This aids in maintaining lane position at a pre-set speed and keeping a proper following distance from the

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In 2013, "Driving Assistant Plus" was introduced on most models combining the front-facing camera, lane-departure warning, and in some cases front radar sensors to detect vehicles ahead. Should the driver not react to the warning of a potential collision, the system would gradually prime brake

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2018: Toyota released its updated Toyota Safety Sense 2.0 (TSS 2.0) to include Lane Tracing Assist, Road Sign Assist, and Low Light Pedestrian Detection with Daytime Bicyclist Detection which improves the Pre-Collision System. The first Japanese car model to receive (TSS 2.0) is the executive

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In 2013, color was added to the cameras, allowing the system to recognize brake lights and red stoplights ahead. Subaru also added active lane-keeping (keeping the vehicle in the middle of the lane, and applying steering force to keep the vehicle in the lane when unintentionally crossing lane

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2023: Honda SENSING 360+ builds on existing Honda SENSING 360 by adding a driver monitoring camera and high-definition maps. This updated system aims to reduce accidents caused by driver health issues or errors. It features Advanced Lane Driving with hands-off capability, Active Lane Change

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added a front-side millimeter-wave radar to detect potential side collisions primarily at intersections or when another vehicle crosses the center line. The latest version tilts the rear seat upward, placing the passenger in a more ideal crash position if it detects a front or rear impact.

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introduced pedestrian recognition as a part of the system. It uses a sensor fusion between a camera and the radar sensor. There is an "emergency assist" in case of a non-reacting driver, the car takes control of the brakes and the steering until a complete stop. This is also found in the

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The cost of optional AEB will depend, in part, on whether certain other safety systems are installed. The electronic and sensor systems that underpin adaptive cruise control and forward-collision warning systems, for example, are well-suited, if not prerequisites, to an AEB system.

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lane departure warning, side blind zone alert (using radar sensors on both sides of the vehicle, the system "looks" for other vehicles in the blind zone areas of the Impala and indicates their presence with LED-lit symbols in the outside mirrors. Rear cross-traffic alert features.

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Various vendors provide AEB components to automakers. The global automotive AEB system market consists of a few established companies that are manufacturers or suppliers of specialized AEB components or systems. For example, the main vendors for radar systems include

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Regulation 131 requires a system that can automatically detect a potential forward collision and activate the vehicle braking system to decelerate a vehicle to avoid or mitigate a collision. UN ECE regulation 152 says deceleration can be 5 meters per second squared.

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In 2018, Euro NCAP provided assessments for AEB city (since 2014), AEB interurban (since 2014), AEB pedestrian (since 2018), and AEB cyclist (since 2018). Since 2018, ANCAP has also provided assessments for AEB city, AEB interurban, AEB pedestrian, and cyclist.

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A collision avoidance system by steering is a new concept. It is considered by some research projects. Collision avoidance system by steering has some limitations: over-dependence on lane markings, sensor limitations, and interaction between driver and system.

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2017: Lexus introduced the updated Lexus Safety System+ 2.0 on the fifth-generation LS. In the US 2017 model year, Toyota sold more vehicles equipped with collision warnings than any other single brand with a total of 1.4 million sold or 56% of their fleet.

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2022: Honda updated the SENSING 360 system with new features including Advanced Lane Driving and Lane Change Assist with hands-off capability, a Driver Emergency Support System, and Exit Warning. These additions enhance existing features like

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from occurring at speeds between 3.6 and 30 km/h (2.2 and 18.6 mph). This speed was later raised to 50 km/h (31 mph) and was available on all models, the Trend, Sport, Titanium, ST, and RS (Limited Edition only).

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data, and sensors to monitor the vehicle’s surroundings and driver condition. It can control acceleration, braking, and steering for smooth driving and includes features like hands-off lane change assist and Traffic Jam Pilot for

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Lexus LS. The rear-end pre-collision system includes a rearward-facing millimeter-wave radar mounted in the rear bumper. The system adjusts the active head restraints by moving them upward and forward to reduce the risk of

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laser sensor that monitors the front of the roadway, and if a potential collision is detected, the safety belts will retract to reduce excess slack. Volvo now includes this safety device as an option in FH series trucks.

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The emergency steering function, known as ESF, is an automated steering function that detects a potential collision and automatically activates the steering system for a limited duration to avoid or mitigate a collision.

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for detecting whether the driver's eyes are properly open. It monitors the driver's eyes to detect the driver's level of wakefulness. This system is designed to work even if the driver is wearing sunglasses at night.

450:. "Active Protection" detects imminent accidents by pretensioning safety belts, closes windows and moonroof, brings the backrest of the front passenger seat to an upright position, and activates post-crash braking. A 3972: 122:) in the EU, agreements between carmakers and safety officials to make crash avoidance systems eventually standard, such as in the United States, to research projects including some manufacturer specific devices. 939:(automatic post-collision braking system) to automatically brake the car after an accident to avoid a second collision. City emergency braking automatically activates brakes at low speeds in urban situations. 710:

As of 2021, EyeSight is standard on the Ascent, Forester, Legacy, and Outback. It is also standard on all CVT-equipped Crosstrek, Impreza, and WRX. It became standard on the automatic-equipped BRZ as of 2022.

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Many vehicles have AEB fitted as standard. The AEB is not available for every car. When AEB is available as an option, its cost can be in the £180 (AEB city only) – £1300 (regular AEB) range.

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vehicle ahead. The system also includes active lane change assist with hands-off function, which executes lane changes when the driver activates the turn signal and adjusts the vehicle’s speed accordingly.

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in Australia in 2011; and in North America in 2012 for the 2013 model year Legacy and Outback models. An alarm is used to warn the driver of a potential collision hazard in the pre-collision system.

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was their first to offer partial autonomous braking (40%, or up to 0.4g deceleration) if the driver does not react to the BAS Plus warnings and the system detects a severe danger of an accident.

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50 km/h (31 mph)), while collision avoidance by steering may be more appropriate at higher vehicle speeds if lanes are clear. Cars with collision avoidance may also be equipped with

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As part of the InControl suite of services, Jaguar Land Rover provides several driver assistance technologies, amongst which are autonomous emergency braking, intelligent emergency braking,

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features automatic braking if the driver turns in front of an oncoming car. This is a common scenario at busy city crossings as well as on highways, where the speed limits are higher.

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March 2020: Volvo recalled 121,000 cars over auto emergency braking failure. The system may not detect an object and so may not work as intended, increasing the risk of a crash.

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introduced a "Proactive Occupant Protection" that will close the windows and retract the safety belts to remove excess slack if the potential for a forward crash is detected.

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in China in 2024 and expand globally. It includes a Driver Emergency Support System that helps stop the vehicle if the driver becomes unresponsive and connects to the

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Nissan has been under investigation for collision avoidance systems on late-model Rogue models that allegedly brake the vehicles for no reason, according to the US

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sensors can detect fixed dangers such as approaching stop signs through a location database. Pedestrian detection can also be a feature of these types of systems.

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2009: Mercedes introduced the first Pre-Safe Brake with full (100%) autonomous braking with maximum braking force approximately 0.6 seconds before impact, on the

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2016: Toyota announced it would make Toyota Safety Sense (TSS) and Lexus Safety System+ standard on nearly all Japan, Europe, and US models by the end of 2017.

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The activated system shall be able to bring the vehicle to a complete stop behind a stationary vehicle, a stationary road user, or a blocked lane of travel to

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system that uses a forward-facing millimeter-wave radar. When the system determines that a frontal collision is unavoidable, it preemptively tightens the

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ERSEC Project (FP7 247955): Enhanced Road Safety by integrating Egnos-Galileo data with on-board Control system for car collision avoidance applications

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Uniform provisions concerning the approval of vehicles about automated lane-keeping systems, Guidance on traffic disturbance critical scenarios for ALKS

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In countries, such as the UK, one-quarter of new vehicles might have some kind of AEB system; but only 1% of previously sold cars might have AEB.

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The activated system shall detect the distance to the next vehicle in front as defined in paragraph 7.1.1. and shall adapt the vehicle speed to

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2003: Honda introduced autonomous braking (Collision Mitigation Brake System CMBS, originally CMS) front collision avoidance system on the

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2020: Honda announced the flagship variation of Honda SENSING called, Honda SENSING Elite. The system was first introduced in the new

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Japan has required AEB since 2020 and ALKS since 2021. The European Union requires AEB since 2022 but did not define a date for ALKS.

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AEB differs from forward collision warning: FCW alerts the driver with a warning but does not by itself brake the vehicle.

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SUVs in 2012. It uses a camera to provide a warning when there is a vehicle ahead or there is a lane departure. The 2014

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radar PCS added a single digital camera to improve the accuracy of collision forecast and warning and control levels.

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2006: Mercedes-Benz's "Brake Assist BAS Plus" was their first forward warning collision system introduced on the

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The activated system shall avoid a collision with an unobstructed crossing pedestrian in front of the vehicle.

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Time-to-collision could be a way to choose which avoidance method (braking or steering) is most appropriate.

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can brake the car to a stop in case of an emergency and tension the seat belts as a precautionary measure.

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The activated system shall not cause any collisions that are reasonably foreseeable and preventable. If a

50:(AEB) test. The vehicle has AEB Pedestrian, AEB Cyclist, AEB City, and AEB Interurban as standard in 2018. 1680:

and ANCAP are involved in taking into account the Autonomous Emergency Braking (AEB) in their respective

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Matsubayashi, Kiyoka; Yamada, Yukinori; Iyoda, Motomi; Koike, Shin; Kawasaki, Tomoya; Tokuda, Masanori.

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Recommendation, Predictive Curve Departure Warning, and an Exit Warning. The system will debut with the

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Grover, C.; Knight, I.; Okoro, F.; Simmons, I.; Couper, G.; Massie, P.; Smith, B. (April 2008).

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Uniform provisions concerning the approval of vehicles concerning automated lane-keeping systems

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Uniform provisions concerning the approval of vehicles concerning automated lane-keeping systems

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Uniform provisions concerning the approval of vehicles concerning automated lane-keeping systems

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Collision avoidance systems range from widespread systems mandatory in some countries, such as

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is a maneuver performed by the system in case of an event in which the vehicle is at imminent

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potentially helping to avoid a crash. Various technologies and sensors that are used include

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Improvement of Trajectory Tracking Performance in Autonomous Collision Avoidance by Steering

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Uniform provisions concerning the approval of vehicles about automated lane-keeping systems

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Uniform provisions concerning the approval of vehicles about automated lane-keeping systems

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Uniform provisions concerning the approval of vehicles about automated lane-keeping systems

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adaptive variable suspension (AVS) and electric power steering, the system can change the

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Autonomous: the system acts independently of the driver to avoid or mitigate the accident.

2717:"Honda unveils next-generation technologies of Honda SENSING 360 and Honda SENSING Elite" 3053:"Nissan Rogue under investigation after claims emergency brakes turned on for no reason" 1608:: All Models except Toyota 4Runner 2020 and up to get it and Yaris 2019 and up to get it 4502: 4497: 4087: 3506: 2042:"A new method for computing optimum obstacle avoidance steering manoeuvres of vehicles" 1759: 1724: 1578: 1565: 1557: 1486: 1301: 1184: 807: 758: 490: 408: 404: 1875:"Toyota Develops Automatic Brake System Assisted by GPS Technology for Safety Driving" 775:, becoming the first radar-guided forward-collision warning system offered in the US. 4526: 4207: 4195: 4145: 2959: 2154: 1769: 1639: 1600: 1596: 1592: 1588: 1561: 1541: 1498: 1444: 1297: 1293: 1277: 1211: 1146: 1082: 751:

to give the driver maximum stopping power when the driver depresses the brake pedal.

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includes advice to take a break from driving. An "Active Driving Assistant" combines

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The emergency steering function for UNECE countries is described by regulation 79.

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The activated system shall avoid a collision with a cutting in the vehicle (...)

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This document clarifies the derivation process to define conditions under which

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Toyota's system, branded "Toyota Safety Sense" or "Lexus Safety Sense", is a

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sensors to measure steering angle, vehicle yaw, and lateral acceleration and

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Hayashi, Ryuzo; Chatporntanadul, Puwadech; Nagai, Masao (4 September 2013).

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Since 2016, Euro NCAP has taken into account pedestrians in the AEB rating.

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2013: Honda introduced new driver-assistance system called Honda SENSING in

3205:"75 Years of Toyota | Technical Development | Electronics Parts" 3028:"Owners Accuse Nissan Rogue of Braking for No Reason; NHTSA Investigating" 605:. The systems variously use both microwave and optical detection methods. 326:

The activated system shall avoid a collision with a leading vehicle (...)

315:. This shall be ensured up to the maximum operational speed of the system. 4268: 4253: 3853:"Breaking the Bank: Precrash systems are available now for a hefty price" 1647: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1364: 1360: 1325: 1151: 1129: 1125: 1121: 1071: 967:

2006: Volvo's "Collision Warning with Auto Brake" was introduced in 2007

671: 582: 400: 764:

2003 August: added an automatic partial pre-crash braking system to the

1833: 1806: 1631: 1627: 1623: 1619: 1615: 1514: 1107: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1091: 427: 177:

Braking: the system tries to avoid the accident by applying the brakes.

54: 30:

This article is about collision avoidance in cars. For other uses, see

4461: 3352:"Development of Rear Pre-Crash Safety System For Rear-End Collisions" 1677: 1643: 1605: 1574: 1537: 1482: 1427: 1423: 1419: 981: 228:

of the vehicle with another road user or an obstacle which cannot be

149: 426:

and monocular camera sensors and was introduced in 2010 on the 2011

369:

AEB and ALKS are each defined by one or several UN-ECE regulations.

2929:"Mercedes-Benz TecDay Special Feature: PRE-SAFE And PRE-SAFE Brake" 1823: 872:

2021: Lexus introduced the updated Lexus Safety System+ 3.0 in the

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Emergency: the system will intervene only in a critical situation.

100: 96: 92: 53: 38: 3578:"Nearly Every Toyota to Have Automatic Emergency Braking by 2017" 4451: 4177: 3731:"Volvo recalls 121,000 cars over auto emergency braking failure" 1350: 1345: 1341: 1087: 3954: 3921:

Ford: Safer Driving Through Vehicle collision avoidance systems

2086:"Autonomous Emergency Braking (AEB) Frequently Asked Questions" 3898: 2992:"Extended PRE-SAFE protection: Prevention is better than cure" 1113: 1017: 827: 443: 108: 2370:"Forward-Collision Warning Systems Are Not All Created Equal" 3911:

DSRC/Wave Vehicle Communication and Traffic Simulator eTEXAS

2964:

2017 IEEE Conference on Systems, Process and Control (ICSPC)

2768:"Driver Assistance Technology in Jaguar Land Rover Vehicles" 2457:"The new Audi Q7 – Sportiness, efficiency, premium comfort" 2289:"ADAS: Top 40 advanced driver assistance systems companies" 771:

2003 September: PCS made available in North America on the

3388:"Toyota Enhances Pre-crash Safety System with Eye Monitor" 422:"Pre sense" autonomous emergency braking system uses twin 2866:

Breuer, Joerg J.; Faulhaber, Andreas; Gleissner, Stefan.

2542:"Chevrolet News - United States – Impala" 976:

automatic braking system can be manually turned off. The

372:

Requirements related to AEB are regulations 131 and 152.

2868:"Real world Safety benefits of brake assistance systems" 2516:"New Camera-Based Collision Alert Debuts on GMC Terrain" 2145:. 7th IFAC Symposium on Advances in Automotive Control. 1014:

List of cars with available collision avoidance features

890:

Dynamic Radar Cruise Control with Curve Speed Management

547:

Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport, and Tourism

458:, pedestrian protection, and city collision mitigation. 3893:

Intelligent Transportation Systems: Collision Avoidance

2819:"Mercedes-Benz launches first-ever car with "reflexes"" 1034: 991:

system. All Volvo automobiles now come standard with a

747:, removing any slack, and pre-charges the brakes using 613:

2002: Mercedes' "Pre-Safe" system was exhibited at the

167:

According to Euro NCAP, AEB has three characteristics:

2149:. Vol. 46, no. 21. Tokyo. pp. 410–415. 2568:"Honda Announces a Full Model Change for the Inspire" 818:

2008: Improved driver monitoring system added on the

754:

2003 February: Toyota launched PCS in the redesigned

214:(ALKS) deals with avoiding some cases of collisions. 3244:"Toyota - Technical Development - Electronics Parts" 3238: 3236: 2986: 2984: 2982: 2980: 850:

drivers. It was not then available in U.S. markets.

815:

injuries if an imminent rear collision is detected.

138:

World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations

4490: 4435: 4424: 4351: 4339: 4302: 4239: 4170: 4163: 4123: 4056: 4047: 3989: 3418:"Toyota Launches Redesigned Crown Majesta in Japan" 2341:"Demand skyrockets for collision-avoidance sensors" 2046:

International Journal of Vehicle Autonomous Systems

224:describes a situation or an event which leads to a 3270:"Toyota Crown Majesta undergoes complete redesign" 2627: 2625: 2623: 882:Right/Left Turn Oncoming Vehicle Detection/Braking 3984:, self-driving vehicles and enabling technologies 3905:Acumine Collision Avoidance Safety System (ACASS) 3779: 3777: 3530:"oyota Develops New Pedestrian Safety Technology" 3449:(Press release). 26 February 2009. Archived from 2851:(Press release). 29 December 2014. Archived from 2463:(Press release). 12 December 2014. Archived from 1750:LIDAR#Object detection for transportation systems 3394:(Press release). 22 January 2008. Archived from 2821:(Press release). 15 October 2002. Archived from 474:Collision warning and brake support on the 2009 4482:IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Society 3701:"Volvo Trucks - Emergency braking at its best!" 2711: 2709: 2080: 2078: 2076: 2074: 341: 324: 305: 290: 281:, the vehicle shall be brought to a standstill. 277:. When the vehicle is involved in a detectable 263: 241: 219: 3554:(Press release). 21 March 2016. Archived from 3443:"Toyota Adds to Pre-crash Safety Technologies" 2633:"Honda Worldwide - World News - News Releases" 2401:(Press release). 27 April 2010. Archived from 2136: 2134: 723:2008 LS 600h forward PCS diagram, with radar ( 688:National Highway Traffic Safety Administration 3966: 3785:"Creating a Global Market for Vehicle Safety" 2958:Umar Zakir Abdul, Hamid; et al. (2017). 2904:"Impact: Real Drivers. Life Changing Stories" 2574:(Press release). 18 June 2003. Archived from 2019:United Nations Economic Commission for Europe 1849:"What is a forward collision warning system?" 8: 4472:VisLab Intercontinental Autonomous Challenge 3153:"FHI Reveals the Next Generation "EyeSight"" 3147: 3145: 3143: 3112: 3110: 3080: 3078: 3076: 3074: 2639:(Press release). 20 May 2003. Archived from 2192: 2190: 3927:"Nissan Safety Features & Technologies" 3876:Ratings of existing crash avoidance systems 493:' collision alert system was introduced in 46:approaching a movable target performing an 4432: 4167: 4053: 3973: 3959: 3951: 2363: 2361: 1805:Lim, Hazel Si Min; Taeihagh, Araz (2019). 640:and adds a radar-based collision warning. 161:, using the same forward-looking sensors. 2998:(Press release). May 2013. Archived from 1905:"Volvo Collision Warning with Auto Brake" 1832: 1822: 1720:Advanced Automatic Collision Notification 273:without causing another one, it shall be 232:by a braking demand with lower than 5 m/s 58:Schematic of a collision avoidance system 3648:Falkenberg-Hull, Eileen (11 June 2021). 585:emergency call center for added safety. 126:Advanced emergency braking system (AEBS) 3724: 3722: 1785: 657:2013: Mercedes updated Pre-Safe on the 3887:Insurance Institute for Highway Safety 3473:"Toyota Global Site - Technology File" 3026:Atiyeh, Clifford (12 September 2019). 3021: 3019: 3017: 2368:Naranjo, Michelle (25 February 2016). 2247: 1800: 1798: 3707:from the original on 21 December 2021 3595:Charniga, Kackie (21 December 2017). 2395:"Extensive safety in the new Audi A8" 878:Risk Avoidance Emergency Steer Assist 7: 4391:Dedicated short-range communications 3756:"Der neue Nissan X-Ttrail Fahrzeuge" 2498:"Model Year 2014 Update Information" 834:linked brake assist function on the 3946:Collision Avoidance System of TORSA 3792:Global New Car Assessment Programme 3624:"What is Lexus Safety System+ 3.0?" 3622:Wardlaw, Christian (14 June 2021). 2496:Russel, Matthew (16 October 2013). 2339:Sedgwick, David (13 October 2014). 980:also included the first pedestrian 375:Regulation 157 is related to ALKS. 4078:Automated emergency braking system 3729:Szymkowski, Sean (18 March 2020). 3499:"Different driveway alert systems" 2320:(Press release). 21 September 2016 984:, when it was introduced in 2012. 963:Volvo City Safety multiple cameras 643:2006: the "Pre-Safe Brake" on the 25: 4100:Advanced driver-assistance system 4009:Intelligent transportation system 2548:(Press release). 15 December 2014 1792:Nissan Leaf 2018 Euro NCAP rating 1591:(starting with 2015 model year), 987:2013: Volvo introduced the first 573:and front cross traffic warning. 132:Advanced emergency braking system 88:advanced driver-assistance system 4322:Safe speed automotive common law 2155:10.3182/20130904-4-JP-2042.00104 1932:"How Pre-Collision Systems Work" 1636:Porsche Cayenne (3rd Generation) 1021: 789:introduced in March 2006 on the 785:2006: Pre-collision system with 638:autonomous cruise control system 559:eleventh-generation Honda Accord 76:forward collision warning system 4014:Context-aware pervasive systems 3677:(Press release). Archived from 2935:(Press release). Archived from 2604:(Press release). Archived from 2430:(Press release). Archived from 1873:Wong, S.Y. (13 February 2008). 1029:This transport-related list is 920:Laser sensor of a Volkswagen Up 107:) to detect an imminent crash. 4411:Radio-frequency identification 4135:Automated Lane Keeping Systems 3185:(Press release). 17 April 2012 3159:(Press release). 22 April 2010 3128:(Press release). 16 March 2012 3095:(Press release). 22 April 2010 2287:Francis, Sam (19 April 2019). 2114:"Autonomous Emergency Braking" 1930:Fuller, John (22 April 2009). 1001:auto brake at the intersection 446:introduced two systems on the 345:automated lane-keeping systems 212:Automated Lane Keeping Systems 207:Automated Lane Keeping Systems 201:Automated lane keeping Systems 1: 4327:Automated lane keeping system 4068:Lane departure warning system 3122:Unique Driving Assist System" 2485:(Press release). 25 May 2012. 1745:Lane departure warning system 924:2010: "Front Assist" on 2011 4447:American Center for Mobility 4416:Automotive navigation system 4204:, formerly Google Car (2012) 4151:Automotive navigation system 4110:Intelligent speed adaptation 3999:History of self-driving cars 2293:Robotics and Automation News 2040:Kanarachos, Stratis (2009). 2021:. 4 February 2020. p. 8 1740:Electronic stability control 937:Multi-collision brake system 652:Mercedes-Benz E-Class (W212) 623:electronic stability control 571:collision mitigation braking 536:. This system uses 3D maps, 250:risk and has the purpose of 217:ALKS defines some concepts: 116:autonomous emergency braking 95:(all-weather) and sometimes 48:Autonomous Emergency Braking 4533:Vehicle safety technologies 4105:Driver drowsiness detection 4004:Impact of self-driving cars 2845:"Innovation as a tradition" 563:sixth-generation Honda CR-V 452:driver drowsiness detection 189:Emergency steering function 146:automated emergency braking 84:collision mitigation system 4549: 4345:Self-driving car liability 4249:Automated guideway transit 4083:Collision avoidance system 3916:Euro NCAP's fitment survey 3295:"(Really Playing it Safe)" 2692:Paul Tan's Automotive News 2254:: CS1 maint: url-status ( 1682:New Car Assessment Program 1669:New car assessment program 886:Oncoming Vehicle Detection 254:or mitigating a collision. 204: 129: 64:collision avoidance system 29: 4477:Eureka Prometheus Project 4457:European Land-Robot Trial 4376:Artificial neural network 4332:Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 4024:Smart, connected products 2058:10.1504/IJVAS.2009.027968 1312:, all models (since 2019) 999:2015: "IntelliSafe" with 543:Level 3 automated driving 103:) and cameras (employing 4396:Real-time Control System 4275:Freightliner Inspiration 4140:Vehicular ad hoc network 3503:drivewayalertsystems.net 2147:IFAC Proceedings Volumes 869:in its 15th generation. 787:Driver Monitoring System 778:2004: In July 2004, the 756:Japanese domestic market 382:Automobile manufacturers 244:Emergency Manoeuvre (EM) 148:in some jurisdictions). 4224:Yandex self-driving car 4126:the driving environment 4093:Adaptive cruise control 4059:the driving environment 3325:"Toyota: News Releases" 1730:Automotive night vision 1715:Adaptive cruise control 876:. The suite contains a 222:Imminent collision risk 159:adaptive cruise control 4381:Computer stereo vision 4329:(unece regulation 157) 4057:Human driver monitors 3933:. US. 16 December 2019 2479:"The new BMW 7 Series" 964: 944:Volkswagen Passat (B8) 921: 736: 636:, it incorporates the 595:lane departure warning 545:, approved by Japan's 534:Honda Legend Hybrid EX 478: 456:lane departure warning 362: 340: 323: 304: 289: 262: 240: 59: 51: 27:Motorcar safety system 4467:DARPA Grand Challenge 4290:Mobility as a service 4240:Buses and commercial 3227:Automotive Industries 1909:The Volvo Owners Club 1449:Mercedes-Benz B Class 962: 919: 906:Intelligent High Beam 722: 473: 57: 42: 4034:Ambient intelligence 4029:Ubiquitous computing 3715:– via YouTube. 2855:on 29 December 2014. 2405:on 21 September 2010 2399:Bosch Media Services 2095:. UK. Archived from 1035:adding missing items 898:Pre-Collision System 432:Second generation Q7 4508:Anthony Levandowski 4190:General Motors EN-V 3881:14 May 2019 at the 3829:European Commission 3801:on 11 November 2020 3509:on 18 February 2017 2643:on 29 December 2014 2608:on 30 December 2014 2236:. 14 September 2017 2207:. 14 September 2017 2175:. Stockholm, Sweden 1511:(1.5 Advance), 2017 1167:: Tenth generation 949:Volkswagen Golf Mk8 933:Volkswagen Golf Mk7 70:), also known as a 32:collision avoidance 18:Toyota Safety Sense 4285:Self-driving truck 4280:Driverless tractor 4115:Blind spot monitor 4039:Internet of things 3453:on 27 October 2016 3305:on 27 October 2008 3274:theautochannel.com 3059:. 15 December 2019 2939:on 12 January 2015 2234:United Nations ECE 1992:. 27 February 2014 1879:mydigitallife.info 1834:10.3390/su11205791 1755:Blind spot monitor 1581:, PRECRS, JDM only 1033:; you can help by 965: 926:Volkswagen Touareg 922: 737: 674:brand offers both 599:blind spot monitor 479: 60: 52: 4520: 4519: 4516: 4515: 4386:Image recognition 4298: 4297: 4159: 4158: 4073:Automatic parking 3982:Self-driving cars 3552:Toyota Press Room 3528:Crowe, Phillipe. 3477:toyota-global.com 3248:toyota-global.com 3209:toyota-global.com 3002:on 3 January 2015 2933:emercedesbenz.com 2825:on 8 October 2007 2797:jaguarboerne.com/ 2598:"Honda Worldwide" 2461:Audi Media Center 2425:"The new Audi A8" 2093:Thatcham Research 1656:Volkswagen Golf R 1503:Nissan Pathfinder 1051: 1050: 989:cyclist detection 603:blind spot assist 589:Jaguar Land Rover 527:2014 Honda Legend 105:image recognition 16:(Redirected from 4540: 4433: 4184:Spirit of Berlin 4168: 4124:System monitors 4054: 4019:Mobile computing 3975: 3968: 3961: 3952: 3942: 3940: 3938: 3872: 3870: 3868: 3863:on 4 August 2011 3859:. 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Archived from 1870: 1864: 1863: 1861: 1859: 1845: 1839: 1838: 1836: 1826: 1802: 1793: 1790: 1612:Volkswagen Group 1046: 1043: 1025: 1024: 1018: 894:Road Sign Assist 734: 726: 615:Paris Motor Show 499:Chevrolet Impala 360: 338: 321: 302: 287: 260: 238: 72:pre-crash system 21: 4548: 4547: 4543: 4542: 4541: 4539: 4538: 4537: 4523: 4522: 4521: 4512: 4486: 4439: 4437: 4436:Organizations, 4428: 4427:Projects & 4426: 4425:Organizations, 4420: 4353: 4347: 4335: 4294: 4241: 4235: 4218:LUTZ Pathfinder 4155: 4127: 4125: 4119: 4060: 4058: 4043: 3991: 3985: 3979: 3936: 3934: 3925: 3889:, January 2017. 3883:Wayback Machine 3866: 3864: 3851: 3848: 3843: 3833: 3831: 3824: 3819: 3818: 3814: 3804: 3802: 3798: 3787: 3783: 3782: 3775: 3765: 3763: 3762:(Press release) 3754: 3753: 3749: 3739: 3737: 3728: 3727: 3720: 3710: 3708: 3699: 3698: 3694: 3684: 3682: 3681:on 20 July 2011 3673: 3672: 3668: 3658: 3656: 3647: 3646: 3642: 3632: 3630: 3621: 3620: 3616: 3606: 3604: 3601:Automotive news 3594: 3593: 3589: 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2694:. 4 March 2021 2679: 2654: 2619: 2589: 2559: 2533: 2507: 2488: 2470: 2448: 2416: 2386: 2357: 2331: 2305: 2279: 2261: 2218: 2205:United Nations 2186: 2160: 2130: 2105: 2102:on 1 May 2018. 2070: 2032: 2003: 1990:United Nations 1974: 1948: 1922: 1896: 1865: 1840: 1811:Sustainability 1794: 1784: 1782: 1779: 1777: 1776: 1767: 1762: 1757: 1752: 1747: 1742: 1737: 1732: 1727: 1725:Autonomous car 1722: 1717: 1711: 1709: 1706: 1696: 1693: 1670: 1667: 1665: 1664: 1658: 1609: 1603: 1582: 1572: 1535: 1522: 1512: 1506: 1487:Nissan X-Trail 1480: 1467: 1442: 1413: 1380: 1354: 1348: 1323: 1313: 1263: 1250: 1193: 1187: 1162: 1149: 1140: 1111: 1085: 1052: 1049: 1048: 1028: 1026: 1015: 1012: 956: 953: 913: 910: 808:shock absorber 716: 713: 695: 692: 667: 664: 610: 607: 590: 587: 507: 504: 491:General Motors 487: 486:General Motors 484: 467: 464: 439: 436: 419: 416: 383: 380: 366: 363: 356: 334: 317: 298: 283: 269:can be safely 256: 234: 205:Main article: 202: 199: 190: 187: 179: 178: 175: 172: 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Retrieved 1853:safercar.gov 1852: 1843: 1817:(20): 5791. 1814: 1810: 1788: 1765:GPS tracking 1735:Brake Assist 1702: 1698: 1689: 1686: 1672: 1663:: all models 1652:Skoda Citigo 1509:Perodua Myvi 1491:Nissan Rogue 1489:Tekna, 2015 1478:Pajero Sport 1353:: All Models 1192:: All models 1042:October 2021 1039: 1009: 998: 986: 966: 941: 930: 923: 905: 901: 897: 893: 889: 885: 881: 877: 871: 863: 859: 856: 852: 848: 840: 825: 817: 800: 784: 777: 773:Lexus LS 430 770: 763: 753: 749:brake assist 738: 709: 705: 701: 697: 685: 669: 659:W222 S-Class 656: 649: 642: 634:W221 S-Class 631: 627:brake assist 617:on the 2003 612: 592: 575: 567: 555: 551: 531: 524: 520: 509: 489: 480: 460: 441: 421: 413: 385: 377: 374: 371: 368: 352: 348: 344: 342: 331: 328: 325: 312: 308: 306: 293: 291: 278: 274: 270: 266: 264: 251: 247: 243: 242: 229: 225: 221: 220: 216: 210: 196: 192: 183: 180: 166: 163: 155: 145: 141: 135: 119: 115: 113: 83: 79: 75: 71: 67: 63: 61: 36: 4312:Legislation 4259:ParkShuttle 3513:17 February 2996:daimler.com 2441:17 February 2379:21 February 2350:10 February 2324:10 February 2298:10 February 1967:21 February 1941:21 February 1858:21 February 1495:Nissan LEAF 1391:Continental 1363:from 2003, 1138:Mini Cooper 1102:from 2010, 1098:from 2011, 1094:from 2013, 741:radar-based 680:radar-based 676:laser-based 495:GMC Terrain 476:Lincoln MKS 409:Continental 365:Regulations 44:Nissan Leaf 4440:and events 4304:Regulation 4049:SAE Levels 3766:25 January 3711:25 January 3628:J.D. Power 3483:25 January 3427:25 January 3335:25 January 3006:25 January 2943:25 January 2913:25 January 2772:jaguar.com 2647:25 January 2612:25 January 2582:19 January 2526:25 January 2211:31 January 2179:3 November 2173:vinnova.se 1996:3 November 1824:1910.13122 1781:References 1470:Mitsubishi 1031:incomplete 1005:Volvo XC90 912:Volkswagen 832:navigation 801:2006: the 795:CCD camera 745:seat belts 735:) coverage 4438:projects 4352:Enabling 4340:Liability 4212:Autopilot 3760:nissan.ch 3654:News Week 3057:USA Today 2908:mbusa.com 2637:honda.com 2602:honda.com 2483:BMW Group 2274:unece.org 2118:Euro NCAP 1674:Euro NCAP 1550:Crosstrek 1548:(2022+), 1525:SsangYong 1474:Outlander 1453:CLA Class 1411:Navigator 1322:from 2016 1310:Ridgeline 1181:Silverado 1165:Chevrolet 1114:BMW Group 1110:from 2015 670:Nissan's 353:collision 313:collision 279:collision 267:collision 248:collision 226:collision 4527:Category 4269:NuTonomy 4254:CAVForth 4242:vehicles 4164:Vehicles 3937:10 April 3879:Archived 3867:17 March 3857:AutoWeek 3705:Archived 3562:31 March 3457:10 March 3402:10 March 3372:10 March 3309:10 March 2969:14 March 2888:10 March 2829:14 March 2752:1 August 2726:1 August 2698:1 August 2672:1 August 2552:10 March 2250:cite web 1961:cars.com 1915:11 April 1889:10 April 1708:See also 1648:SEAT Mii 1554:Forester 1501:(2019), 1497:(2019), 1407:Nautilus 1375:(2008), 1371:(2005), 1367:(2005), 1326:Infiniti 1302:Passport 1212:F-Series 1173:Traverse 1152:Cadillac 1134:7 Series 1130:5 Series 1126:4 Series 1122:3 Series 1118:2 Series 874:Lexus NX 813:whiplash 803:Lexus LS 793:using a 672:Infiniti 621:. 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