340:, Dzu held a media conference accusing Thiệu and Kỳ of engaging in election fraud. Kỳ had not hidden his distaste for democracy or his opponents during the campaign and had "described the civilian candidates as 'ordure' , 'traitors', and 'destroyers of the national interest'". Kỳ went on to say that if his opponents continued to attack him, he would cancel the poll. Dzu and seven other civilian tickets filed formal complaints against the military for campaign irregularities. American officials, in line with their support for Thiệu and Kỳ, dismissed the protests as sour grapes, but a committee from the Constituent Assembly later resolved 16–2 to void the election results due to "a pattern of fraud". The finding had no effect as Thiệu and Kỳ made a series of arrests and other crackdowns against any civilian dissent.
328:
Of the 44 provinces, Dzu came first in 5 provinces, all of which were under the control of communist guerrillas, and he placed second in 26 provinces behind the Thiệu–Kỳ ticket. These provinces were also known for being infested with communists. This led to claims the communists had voted for him and
298:
As a little-known politician, he remained silent until his candidacy was approved before exhibiting his policies. After this was done, he campaigned with the dove as his emblem, urging negotiations. Dzu gained a reputation for being the most dynamic and eloquent of the 11 presidential candidates. He
282:
In early-1967, several
Americans who were detained on currency-violation charges, something that was routine in South Vietnam, accused Dzu of offering to have them released if they gave him a commission of USD10,000 to bribe the judges. Dzu was put under investigation, but the probe was dropped to
60:
306:, but later denied this. He also claimed that the Vietcong called on communist sympathisers to vote for him, but later reneged on this. While others also advocated peace deals, Dzu was the most vigorous in disseminating his message, making competitors such as the aged
254:. This benefited Dzu and Tho as the Ngos ran kangaroo courts that were their rubber stamps and Dzu's connections gave him an advantage and the ability to influence judges and law-enforcement agencies. During the Diệm era, Dzu visited the United States and joined the
332:
In the accompanying senate election, voters had to choose six out of the 48 candidate groupings, and the six most popular tickets of ten nominees would be elected to the 60-member upper house. Dzu endorsed five tickets, but none were successful.
198:
after the poll, but he was arrested after the election on grounds of making illicit currency transactions and jailed by a military court for five years of hard labor. Due to international criticism, he was released after five months.
325:, the Prime Minister. Dzu's success caught observers by surprise. Two weeks before the poll, a study by US Embassy officials privately estimated that he would only get around 4% of the vote and come fifth on the popular vote.
290:
Under the political laws of the time, political activity that promoted negotiations with the communist
Vietcong insurgents that were attempting to take over South Vietnam with the assistance of their ideological allies in
359:
Dzu was arrested and brought before a
Special Military Court on 26 July 1968 and sentenced to five years of hard labour, but due to public pressure in South Vietnam and abroad, he was released after only five months.
351:
officers, rather than an endorsement of his policies. Nevertheless, Thiệu was embarrassed by the results and had him arrested for illicit currency transactions. Dzu was accused of illegally opening a bank account in
633:
258:
and rose to be the organisation's director for
Southeast Asia, and was known for wearing his Rotary Club tie. Dzu had also earned negative attention when he once put up his wife as
239:
called itself. That friendship later prompted voters to think that Dzu's promises of negotiated peace between the government of South
Vietnam and the communists was viable.
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329:
forced the population to do so as well. Dzu rebutted this by pointing out that by such logic, the communists had supported Thiệu and were therefore aligned with him.
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284:
271:
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168:
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against
President Diem, but he was intimidated into withdrawing after being accused of having engaged in illegal fund transfers out of the country.
744:
715:
683:
McAllister, James (November 2004). ""A Fiasco of Noble
Proportions": The Johnson Administration and the South Vietnamese Elections of 1967".
759:
235:, who later left Saigon and went into the countryside to become the nominal political leader of the National Liberation Front, as the
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295:, was forbidden. There had been previous instances where politicians that had advocated a ceasefire were disqualified from running.
314:, who had briefly served as president and prime minister respectively under the junta's supervision in 1964–65, appear lethargic.
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348:
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repeatedly assailed Thiệu and his deputy Ky in strident language, accusing them of using dirty tricks to hinder his campaign.
421:, who was living in the United States since the mid-1960s, was in 1978 convicted of espionage for the Vietnamese government.
384:, eventually dying in the mid-1980s. Other sources said he was invited by the new government to serve as a senior adviser in
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to Thiệu and Kỳ. Dzu's performance was regarded to be a sign of the public discontent with the military rule of the
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37:
in
English-language text. In accordance with Vietnamese custom, this person should be referred to by the
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were not allowed to register; Dzu remained silent on his policies until his candidacy was registered.
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183:. Dzu finished second in the election and won 17% of the vote on a platform of negotiating with the
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in April 1975. Some sources said that he was accused of contacts with
American officials and the
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and was once its director for
Southeast Asia. He was known for wearing his Rotary Club tie.
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22:
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710:. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. pp. 1146–1147.
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136:
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83:
707:
The Encyclopedia of the Vietnam War: A Political, Social, and Military History
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247:
38:
634:"David Truong, defendant in espionage case after Vietnam War, dies at 68"
236:
302:
Dzu claimed that he had been meeting with the Buddhist activist leader
125:
26:
441:"Trương Đình Dũ (Trương Đình Dzu - 1917 -1991) - Một luật sư uyên bác"
228:
691:(4). Berkeley, California: University of California Press: 619–651.
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lawyer and politician who unsuccessfully ran as a candidate for the
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317:
With 17% of the vote, he came second behind the ticket of General
216:
270:
Dzu had declared his intention to stand as a candidate for the
336:
Along with two other failed presidential candidates, Sửu and
321:, hitherto the figurehead chief of state, and Air Marshal
250:, the First Lady and sister-in-law of bachelor President
219:, and after graduating with a law degree, moved to the
231:in 1945. One of Dzu’s law partners was good friend
132:
102:
69:
50:
704:Trung, Ngo Ngoc (2011). Tucker, Spencer C. (ed.).
16:South Vietnamese lawyer and politician (1917–1991)
368:There are various accounts of his life after the
215:, in the central Vietnam. He was educated in
8:
194:Dzu and other opposition candidates alleged
272:1961 South Vietnamese presidential election
187:. Politicians advocating coexistence with
185:National Liberation Front for South Vietnam
343:After the election, Dzu claimed to be the
227:to practice in 1944, before relocating to
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47:
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64:Dzu at a press conference in Saigon, 1967
755:South Vietnamese prisoners and detainees
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179:, who were the leaders of the incumbent
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542:"South Viet Nam: A Vote for the Future"
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356:and was put under police surveillance.
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207:Dzu was born on 10 November 1917 in
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765:Prisoners and detainees of Vietnam
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668:. New York City: Penguin Books.
283:allow Dzu to participate in the
349:Army of the Republic of Vietnam
632:Langer, Emily (14 July 2014).
607:"Trương Đình Hùng (1945-2014)"
1:
685:The Pacific Historical Review
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153:
113:
106:
33:, but is often simplified to
745:South Vietnamese politicians
447:(in Vietnamese). 21 May 2017
382:the new communist government
242:Dzu also worked in law with
760:South Vietnamese dissidents
374:Central Intelligence Agency
781:
285:1967 presidential election
20:
697:10.1525/phr.2004.73.4.619
266:1961 aborted election bid
246:, the younger brother of
57:
345:Leader of the Opposition
410:Dzu is a member of the
750:Vietnamese politicians
175:and his running mate
157: mid-1980s/1991
152:, 10 November 1917 –
388:, where he lived in
638:The Washington Post
596:McAllister, p. 646.
584:McAllister, p. 650.
550:. 15 September 1967
378:a re-education camp
666:Vietnam: A history
392:and later died in
213:Bình Định Province
88:Bình Định province
717:978-1-85109-961-0
278:1967 election bid
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390:Từ Liêm district
376:and was sent to
319:Nguyễn Văn Thiệu
223:'s largest city
173:Nguyễn Văn Thiệu
161:South Vietnamese
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122:Ho Chi Minh City
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110: mid-1980s
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96:French Indochina
80:10 November 1917
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304:Thích Trí Quang
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203:Before politics
196:electoral fraud
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146:Trương Đình Dzu
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52:Trương Đình Dzu
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23:Vietnamese name
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370:fall of Saigon
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312:Trần Văn Hương
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244:Trần Văn Khiêm
233:Nguyễn Hữu Thọ
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189:the communists
181:military junta
169:1967 elections
150:Trường Đình Dũ
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406:Personal life
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354:San Francisco
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323:Nguyễn Cao Kỳ
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308:Phan Khắc Sửu
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293:North Vietnam
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177:Nguyễn Cao Kỳ
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641:. Retrieved
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615:. Retrieved
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552:. Retrieved
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449:. Retrieved
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419:David Truong
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409:
367:
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262:for a loan.
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221:Mekong Delta
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193:
149:
145:
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137:David Truong
42:
34:
30:
18:
740:1991 deaths
735:1917 births
417:Dzu's son,
412:Rotary Club
400: 1991
256:Rotary Club
117: 1991
729:Categories
655:References
445:Tộc Trương
364:Later life
287:campaign.
260:collateral
248:Madame Nhu
165:presidency
76:1917-11-10
39:given name
617:27 August
451:27 August
664:(1997).
237:Vietcong
209:Qui Nhơn
171:against
159:) was a
133:Children
84:Qui Nhơn
21:In this
643:25 July
554:25 July
225:Cần Thơ
167:in the
126:Vietnam
27:surname
714:
672:
229:Saigon
148:(born
35:Truong
31:Trương
25:, the
425:Notes
386:Hanoi
217:Hanoi
139:(son)
92:Annam
712:ISBN
670:ISBN
645:2020
619:2023
556:2020
547:Time
453:2023
310:and
103:Died
70:Born
693:doi
380:by
112:or
43:Dzu
29:is
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689:73
687:.
636:.
609:.
589:^
573:^
544:.
503:^
485:^
461:^
443:.
432:^
402:.
397:c.
211:,
154:c.
124:,
114:c.
107:c.
94:,
90:,
86:,
41:,
720:.
699:.
695::
678:.
647:.
621:.
558:.
455:.
78:)
74:(
45:.
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