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casualties and destructions to the Yuan forces. However, the
Mongols continued advancing into Thăng Long due to their massive cavalry strength, but by this time, the emperor decided to vacate Thăng Long to flee and he ordered the capital to be burned down so the Mongols wouldn't collect any spoils of war. The subsequent battle skirmishes between the Mongols and Đại Việt had mixed results: the Mongols won and captured Yên Hưng and Long Hưng provinces, but lost in the naval battles at Đại Bàng. Eventually, Prince Toghan decided to withdraw his naval fleet and consolidate his command on land battles where he felt the Mongol's superior cavalry would defeat the Đại Việt infantry and cavalry forces. Toghan led the cavalry through Nội Bàng while his naval fleet commander, Omar, directly launched the naval force along the
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the Mongol forces, the
Emperor Emeritus Trần Thánh Tông summoned General Trần Khánh Dư to be court-martialed for military failures, but the general managed to delay reporting to the court and was able to regroup his forces in Vân Đồn. The cavalry and fleet of Prince Toghan continued to advance into the imperial capital Thăng Long. Meanwhile, the trailing supply fleet of Prince Toghan, arriving at Vân Đồn a few days after General Trần Khánh Dư's had already occupied this strategic garrison, the Mongol supply fleet was ambushed and captured by General Trần Khánh Dư's forces. Khánh Dư was then pardoned by Emperor Emeritus. The Mongol main occupying army quickly realized their support and supply fleet has been cut off.
464:(known as Trần Nhân Tông, and to the Mongol as Trần Nhật Tôn) his successor. Kublai sent a mission led by Chai Chun to Đại Việt, and once again urged the new king to come to China in person, but the king refused. The Yuan then refused to recognize him as king, and tried to place a Vietnamese defector as king of Đại Việt. Frustrated with the failed diplomatic missions, many Yuan officials urged Kublai to send a punitive expedition to Đại Việt. In 1283, Khublai Khan sent Ariq Qaya to Đại Việt with an imperial request for Đại Việt to help attack Champa through Vietnamese territory, and demands for provisions and other support for the Yuan army, but the king refused.
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Mongol fleet to retreat from the river, the Viet deployed smaller and more maneuverable vessels into agitating and luring the Mongol vessels into the riverside where the booby traps were waiting while it was still high tide. As the river tide on Bạch Đằng River receded, the Mongol vessels were stuck and sunk by the embedded steel-tipped stakes. Under the presence of the
Emperor Emeritus Thánh Tông and Emperor Nhân Tông, the Viet forces led by the Prince of Hưng Đạo burned down an estimated 400 large Mongol vessels and captured the remaining naval crew along the river. The entire Mongol fleet was destroyed and the Mongol fleet admiral Omar was captured.
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511:. As fighting in Champa intensified, Toghan ordered Sodu to return to Champa with the warm weather and disease in Đại Việt given as the official reason. During this retreat, Trần Hưng Đạo's forces inflicted major victories over on the Red River, resulting in the death of Sodu and the retreat of Omar Batur to China. Đại Việt forces retook Thăng Long and Toghan returned to China with great losses.
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The Mongol naval fleet was unaware of the river's terrain. Days before this expedition, the Prince of Hưng Đạo predicted the Mongol's naval route and quickly deployed heavy unconventional traps of steel-tipped wooden stakes unseen during high tides along the Bạch Đằng River bed. When Omar ordered the
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in Vân Đồn. Simultaneously, Prince Ariq-Qaya led his massive cavalry and captured Phú Lương and Đại Than garrisons, two strategic military posts bordering Đại Việt and China. The cavalry later rendezvous with Prince Toghan's navy in Vân Đồn. In response to the battle skirmish defeats at the hands of
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In 1300 AD, he fell ill and died of natural causes at the age of 73. His body was cremated and his ashes were dispersed under his favorite oak tree he planted in his royal family estate near Thăng Long in accordance to his will. The Viet intended to bury him in a lavish royal mausoleum and official
544:
The capture of the Mongol supply fleet at Vân Đồn along with the concurring news that
General Trần Hưng Đạo had recaptured Đại Than garrison in the north sent the fast advancing Mongol forces into chaos. The Đại Việt forces unleashed guerrilla warfare on the weakened Mongol forces causing heavy
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and ask him if Đại Việt should surrender. Trần Hưng Đạo resisted and asked for the aid of the private armies of the Trần princes. In early 1285, Trần envoys offered peace terms to the
Mongols. Toghan and his deputy Omar Batur refused, engaged Trần Hưng Đạo's forces in battle on the banks of the
523:
to lead another invasion campaign into Đại Việt with a determination to occupy and redeem the previous defeat. The Yuan Mongol and
Chinese forces formed an even larger infantry, cavalry and naval fleet with the total strength estimated at 120.000 troops according to the Mongols and 500.000 men
396:) to his younger brother Emperor Thái Tông under pressure from Imperial Regent Trần Thủ Độ to solidify Trần clan's dynastic stability. The brothers Trần Liễu and Emperor Trần Thái Tông harboured grudges against their uncle Trần Thủ Độ for the forced marital arrangement.
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led the Mongol invasion of Đại Việt. Trần Hưng Đạo was the general of the combined Đại Việt land and naval forces, which was routed by the main Mongol land forces and retreated back to the capital Thăng Long. After hearing about the successive defeats, emperor
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2009. p. 144 "... to the official national autobiography, the legends relating to the origins of the nation are complemented by other legends of heroes in order to constitute the
Vietnamese nation's pantheon: Hai Bà Trưng, Lý Thường Kiệt, Trần Hưng Đạo,
575:, but his remaining force managed to escape back to China by dividing their forces into smaller retreating groups but most were captured or killed in skirmishes on the way back to the border frontier, resulting in losing half the remaining army.
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p. 94 2012 "These scholars may have underestimated existing links between male and female rituals. Nowadays, as Phạm Quỳnh Phương (2009) has noted, a strict distinction between the
Mothers' cult and the cult of Trần Hưng Đạo is no longer upheld,
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ceremony upon his death, but he declined in favour of a simplistic private ceremony. For his military brilliance in defending Đại Việt during his lifetime, the
Emperor posthumously bestowed Trần Hưng Đạo the title of
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During the first stage of the invasion, the
Mongols quickly defeated most of the Đại Việt troops that were stationed along the border. Prince Toghan's naval fleet devastated most of the naval force of General
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Sun, Laichen (2014). "Imperial Ideal Compromised: Northern and Southern Courts Across the New Frontier in the Early Yuan Era". In Anderson, James A.; Whitmore, John K. (eds.).
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Anderson, James A. (2014). "Man and Mongols: the Dali and Đại Việt Kingdoms in the Face of the Northern Invasions". In Anderson, James A.; Whitmore, John K. (eds.).
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as a national hero. Several shrines are dedicated to him, and even religious belief and mediumship includes belief in him as a god, Đức Thánh Trần (
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is dedicated to him, with the road Bolsa Avenue given an alternative name "Đại Lộ Trần Hưng Đạo", translating to "Trần Hưng Đạo Boulevard".
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as the new King of Annam. The Trần forces had their forces surrounded by the Yuan army while their emperors fled along the coast to
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During the first Mongol invasion of Vietnam in 1258, Trần Hưng Đạo served as an officer commanding troops on the frontier.
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in 1225 AD. Later, Trần Liễu—the Empress Lý Chiêu Hoàng's brother-in-law at the time—was forced to defer his own wife (
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The Mongol forces under Sodu, deputy to Toghan, continued to push further south and installed defected prince
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1146:(in Vietnamese) (Nội các quan bản ed.), Hanoi: Social Science Publishing House, pp. 196–198
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The majority of cities and towns in Vietnam have central streets, wards and schools named after him.
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1198:(History and culture of Hanoi and Tonkin). Chiang Mai. Cognoscenti Books, 2012. ASIN: B006DCCM9Q.
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China's Encounters on the South and Southwest: Reforging the Fiery Frontier Over Two Millennia
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China's Encounters on the South and Southwest: Reforging the Fiery Frontier Over Two Millennia
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The cavalry force of Prince Toghan was more fortunate. They were ambushed by General
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3403:(in Vietnamese) (Nội các quan bản ed.), Hanoi: Social Science Publishing House
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In 1278, Trần Thái Tông died. King Trần Thánh Tông retired and made crown prince
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Statue of Trần Hưng Đạo and his wife, Princess Thiên Thành, at Kiếp Bạc Temple
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Secondary Cities and Urban Networking in the Indian Ocean Realm, C. 1400–1800
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314:– 興道大王), was a Vietnamese royal prince, statesman and military commander of
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796:'s Tran Hung Dao road is a waterfront boulevard on the eastern side of the
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Engaging the Spirit World: Popular Beliefs and Practices in Modern Vietnam
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Lien, Vu Hong; Sharrock, Peter (2014). "6: The Trần Dynasty (1226-1443)".
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776:. Several embassies and government ministries are located on this street.
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are considered among the greatest military feats in Vietnamese history.
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782:'s Tran Hung Dao road runs along the central park square and links the
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Ming China and Vietnam: Negotiating Borders in Early Modern Asia
330:(九天武帝). Hưng Đạo commanded the Vietnamese armies that repelled
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In 1287, Kublai Khan this time sent one of his favorite sons,
28:
1018:
Marco Polo's China: A Venetian in the Realm of Khubilai Khan
1234:. Volume 1 of Comparative urban studies. Lexington Books.
981:"Vietnam - The Tran Dynasty and the Defeat of the Mongols"
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in the late 13th century. His multiple victories over the
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Statue of Trần Hưng Đạo, Vietnamese Hero, 19th–20th. C.
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Painting of Trần Hưng Đạo (1228–1300) in Nguyễn dynasty
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Descending Dragon, Rising Tiger: A History of Vietnam
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Statue of Trần Hưng Đạo in a temple, Hồ Chí Minh City
3431:(in Vietnamese), Saigon: Center for School Materials
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3417:(in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Education Publishing House
349:The three watercolor paintings depict Thánh Trần (
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476:travelled by small boat to meet Trần Hưng Đạo in
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1217:(illustrated ed.). Cambridge University Press.
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806:'s Tran Hung Dao road is a thoroughfare of its
3439:A history of Vietnam: from Hong Bang to Tu Duc
934:Trần dynasty military tactics and organization
380:, the elder brother of the new child emperor,
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1266:Le Vietnam et la stratégie du faible au fort
1273:Translated and adapted by George F. Schultz
728:Princess Anh Nguyên, later wife of General
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1035:. United States: Brill. pp. 106–134.
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1332:Emperor, Empress Regnant, Retired Emperor
1005:. United States: Brill. pp. 193–231.
79:Learn how and when to remove this message
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280:Quốc công tiết chế thống lĩnh chư quân (
42:This article includes a list of general
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332:two out of three major Mongol invasions
3414:Khâm định Việt sử Thông giám cương mục
760:time) is a major road in the south of
715:Trần Thị Trinh, later Empress Consort
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966:Bruce M. Lockhart, William J. Duiker
954:Education As a Political Tool in Asia
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7:
840:The statue of Đức Thánh Trần in the
752:'s Tran Hung Dao street (previously
1196:Vietnam Past and Present: The North
1194:Forbes, Andrew, and Henley, David:
1160:. Periplus Travel Maps. 2002–2003.
264:Mother of the Nation Lady Thiện Đạo
191:Mother of the Nation Lady Nguyên Từ
3460:Family tree of Vietnamese monarchs
952:Marie-Carine Lall, Edward Vickers
48:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
1180:Andrea Lauser, Kirsten W. Endres
362:Trần Hưng Đạo was born as Prince
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888:
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282:Commander-in-chief of the armies
33:
3442:, Greenwood Publishing Group,
1228:Hall, Kenneth R., ed. (2008).
524:according to the Vietnamese .
435:
376:) in 1228, as a son of Prince
1:
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874:commissioned in 2018 for the
654:Consort: Princess Thiên Thành
553:The Battle of Bạch Đằng River
920:Proclamation to the Officers
149:1300 (aged 71–72)
3521:Vietnamese military writers
1214:A History of the Vietnamese
1056:Baldanza, Kathlene (2016).
929:Mongol invasions of Vietnam
842:Temple of the Jade Mountain
587:Statue of Trần Hưng Đạo in
318:military forces during the
103:Imperial Prince of Đại Việt
91:Imperial Prince of Đại Việt
3537:
1320:
1253:Tran Hung Dao (1213–1300)
1242:. Retrieved 7 August 2013.
1225:. Retrieved 7 August 2013.
1062:Cambridge University Press
829:
772:) to the main hall of the
559:Battle of Bạch Đằng (1288)
556:
3496:Deified Vietnamese people
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853:Tín ngưỡng Đức Thánh Trần
607:(Grand Prince Hưng Đạo).
421:
409:
228:
219:
110:
101:
1016:Haw, Stephen G. (2006).
712:, later Prince Hưng Hiếu
302:; 1228–1300), real name
105:Grand Prince of Hưng Đạo
3436:Chapuis, Oscar (1995),
3400:Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư
1143:Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư
1020:. Taylor & Francis.
685:, later Prince Hưng Trí
571:along the road through
63:more precise citations.
3491:13th-century conflicts
1211:Taylor, K. W. (2013).
844:
764:. It links the city's
721:Emperor Trần Nhân Tông
694:Empress Consort Bảo Từ
688:Trần Quốc Tảng, later
672:, later Prince Hưng Vũ
651:Mother: Lady Thiện Đạo
599:
591:
532:
456:Second Mongol invasion
354:
353:) and his six generals
299:[ʈə̂nhɨŋɗâːwˀ]
3501:Trần dynasty generals
968:The A to Z of Vietnam
876:Vietnam People's Navy
847:He is revered by the
839:
698:Emperor Trần Anh Tông
597:
586:
530:
515:Third Mongol invasion
403:First Mongol invasion
348:
308:Grand Prince Hưng Đạo
306:(陳國峻), also known as
3506:Trần dynasty writers
1310:Trần imperial family
970:p. 374 Trần Hưng Đạo
878:is named after him.
784:Haiphong Opera House
394:Princess Thuận Thiên
2526:Princess Anh Nguyên
1158:Vietnam Country Map
416:Vietnamese alphabet
3511:Vietnamese deities
924:History of Vietnam
845:
832:Thánh Trần worship
762:Hoan Kiem District
754:Boulevard Gambetta
690:Prince Hưng Nhượng
605:Hưng Đạo Đại Vương
600:
592:
533:
355:
351:Đức Thánh Hưng Đạo
312:Hưng Đạo Đại Vương
164:Hải Dương Province
3469:
3468:
3465:
3464:
3382:
3381:
2724:Princess Thụy Bảo
1360:
1359:
1071:978-1-316-53131-0
1042:978-9-004-28248-3
985:countrystudies.us
849:Vietnamese people
814:at city downtown.
717:Khâm Từ Bảo Thánh
467:In January 1285,
450:
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288:
287:
233:
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125:Tức Mặc, Mỹ Lộc,
89:
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16:(Redirected from
3528:
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3428:Việt Nam sử lược
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3024:Nguyễn Phi Khanh
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632:
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2849:Trần Nguyên Đán
2394:Trần Quang Khải
2380:Trần Thánh Tông
2373:Trần Quốc Khang
1761:Trần Hoằng Nghi
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2991:Trần Hiến Tông
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2539:Trần Nhân Tông
2536:
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2532:Trần Quốc Tảng
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2119:Trần Thái Tông
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3395:Ngô Sĩ Liên
3177:Nguyễn Trãi
3166:Trần Phế Đế
2214:Lê Phụ Trần
2207:Chiêu Thánh
2057:Thuận Thiên
1919:Trần Thủ Độ
1905:Lý Huệ Tông
1322:Colour note
1263:(in French)
1138:Ngô Sĩ Liên
756:during the
706: [
679: [
666: [
490: [
340:Kublai Khan
295:Vietnamese:
61:introducing
3475:Categories
3449:0313296227
3145:Trang Định
2689:Huyền Trân
1240:0739128353
1223:0521875862
940:References
741:Placenames
478:Quảng Ninh
277:Occupation
69:March 2017
44:references
2687:Princess
2559:Princess
2359:Tuệ Trung
2205:Princess
2112:Trần Liễu
2055:Princess
1898:Trần Thừa
1464:Trần Kinh
808:Chinatown
798:Hàn River
788:Cấm River
780:Hai Phong
509:Thanh Hóa
483:Red River
462:Trần Khâm
390:Lý family
378:Trần Liễu
326:(德聖陳) or
255:Trần Liễu
3425:(1971),
3411:(1998),
3397:(1993),
2984:Cung Túc
1589:Trần Hấp
1354:Princess
1140:(1993),
882:See also
786:and the
645:Father:
589:Quy Nhơn
573:Nội Bàng
498:Nam Định
316:Đại Việt
272:Buddhism
269:Religion
160:Chí Linh
156:Đại Việt
152:Vạn Kiếp
135:Nam Định
131:Đại Việt
3143:Prince
2982:Prince
1740:Trần Lý
872:frigate
826:Shrines
794:Da Nang
657:Issues:
430:Chữ Hán
358:Origins
253:Prince
168:Vietnam
158:(today
139:Vietnam
133:(today
57:improve
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611:Family
338:under
261:Mother
250:Father
188:Spouse
182:garden
180:An Lạc
175:Burial
46:, but
2561:An Tư
957:etc."
859:Other
750:Hanoi
710:]
683:]
670:]
579:Death
494:]
239:House
224:Names
197:Issue
3444:ISBN
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863:The
146:Died
123:1228
120:Born
855:).
719:of
696:of
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154:,
129:,
3477::
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366:(
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67:(
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20:)
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