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Leeds to serve their new estates on reserved tracks. In 1962 a private study, with assistance from BR engineers, showed how easy it was to convert the West
Croydon - Wimbledon train service to tram operation and successfully prevent conflict between trams and trains. These two concepts became joined in joint LRTL/TLRS concept of New Addington to Wimbledon every 15 mins via East and West Croydon and Mitcham plus New Addington to Tattenham Corner every 15 mins via East and West Croydon, Sutton and Epsom Downs. A branch into Forestdale to give an overlap service from Sutton was also included. During the 1970s, several BR directors and up-and-coming managers were aware of the advantages. In fact, Peter Parker was very well aware of this even before becoming chairman. Chris Green, upon becoming managing director, Network South East, published his plans in 1987 expanding the concept to take in the Tattenham Corner and Caterham branches and provide a service from Croydon to Lewisham via Addiscombe and Hayes. Working with Tony Ridley, then managing director, London Transport, the scheme was brought out into the open, and Scott Mackintosh was appointed Light Rail Manager in 1989.
393:, shortages of steel and electrical machinery were cited as reasons for not investing in maintenance, while the LCC reported that the service ran at a loss. On 15 November 1946 the London Passenger Transport Board announced that the remaining trams in London would be replaced by diesel buses, stated as being "eminently flexible and much cheaper". (London Transport Tramways Handbook, Willoughby and Oakley 1972). The market for trams became smaller as other tramways were being forced to close at that time, as the 1948
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electric tram services in the
Greater London area, using power delivered from overhead wires. Meanwhile, Imperial Tramways, under the directorship of James Clifton Robinson, had acquired the worn-out tram network in West London, which it renovated and extended from Shepherds Bush to Acton, Ealing, Chiswick and Uxbridge, as the
388:
started in earnest around 1935, when a large proportion of the trams and of the tracks and ancillary equipment were nearing the end of their useful life. Replacement continued until hostilities stopped the conversion programme in June 1940, leaving only the South London trams and the routes that went
166:
The new tram companies all adopted the same standard gauge, with the intention of being able to link up services at later dates. Horse tram lines soon opened all over London, typically using two horses to pull a 60-person car. They proved popular as they were cheaper, smoother, roomier and safer than
104:
Eventually
Parliament passed legislation permitting tram services, on the condition that the rails were recessed into the carriageway and that the tramways were shared with other road users. Costs of maintenance of the tramway and its immediate neighbouring road carriageway would be borne by the tram
528:
routes closed in April 1951. However, in spring 1950, the
Highways Committee was presented by the Mayor with the concept of running trams between East Croydon station and the new estate being constructed at New Addington. This was based on the fact that the Feltham cars used in Croydon were going to
544:
giving LRT the legal power to build and run
Tramlink. The new Act still incorporated major parts of the 1870 Tramways Act which had held back previous private tram companies. However, as most of the routes affected were managed by the same authority, the obligation to maintain the road surface was
362:
on
Transport, held between 1928 and 1931, ensured that the tram companies retained complete responsibility for the maintenance of its rails and highway, which was shared with other road users who contributed its wear. But this was accompanied by Parliamentary bills in 1930 and 1933 that set up the
371:
service and to purchase and manage all of London's tramways. Under the LPTB, there was no new investment in tram services and the maintenance of services became a hot political issue in elections in South London, an area poorly served by
Underground trains. The merged tram services were held back
293:
saw a halt in the expansion of the trams and thousands of conductors left to join the armed forces to be replaced by "substitute" women conductors known as 'conductorettes' (A tram driver, like an omnibus driver, was deemed as a reserved occupation as it was considered that women did not have the
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low platforms that match the 350 mm high car floor or tram stops at the same height as the pavement. Much of the track is dedicated tramway, with some sections shared with other road vehicles, including some of the same roads served by the previous generation of trams. The off-street track
265:
first electric line opened in May 1903 between
Westminster Bridge and Tooting and the LCC sold 3.3 million tickets in its third year of business, five times the traffic carried by its horse trams. The LCC saw the electric trams as a way of driving social change, as its cheap, fast service could
222:
The electric tram took some decades to establish itself in London. After the storage battery was invented, an electric tram was tested on the West
Metropolitan Tramways line between Acton and Kew in 1883 but it was not until 1901 that Croydon Corporation introduced the first fully operational
97:. Initially, there was strong opposition as, although it was popular with its passengers, the first designs had rails that stood proud of the road surface and created an obstruction for other traffic. This came to a head in 1861 when Train was arrested for "breaking and injuring" the
183:
There were several early attempts to run motor-powered trams on the London tramlines: John
Grantham first trialled an experimental 23-foot (7.0 m) steam tramcar in London in 1873 but withdrew it after it performed poorly. From 1885, the North London Tramways Company operated 25
327:
Route coverage might have been wider still but the terms of the 1870 Act meant that the passage of new tramways had to be negotiated individually with local authorities, who would sometimes impose prohibitively expensive improvement works as a condition of approval.
376:. Although the trams returned gross annual revenues of £850,000 (equivalent to £67,878,452 in 2023),, the net surplus was £128,000 (equivalent to £10,221,696 in 2023), after costs were taken by the LCC, partly to repay the debt of £18m resulting from the merger.
240:
did go ahead - this started in 1902 going from Theobalds Road to the Victoria Embankment. In the 1930s, the arched tunnels were removed to accommodate double decker trams. The last tram using the subway system ran on the night of 5/6 April 1952.
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encourage workers to move out of the crowded inner city and live healthier lives in the suburbs. Soon other London boroughs introduced their own electric services, including West Ham, Leyton, Dartford and Bexley. Although the
566:, with the tram units numbered from 2530. This number was the next in sequence from the last London tram, number 2529, withdrawn in 1952. Since it opened on 11 May 2000, the 38 km of track have been operated by
196:
trailers, until its liquidation in 1891. Although several towns and cities adopted steam trams, the problems associated with track weight, acceleration, noise and power held back their general acceptance in London.
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The capital cost of replacing and updating the worn-out infrastructure and trams was also seen as prohibitive when compared with the £9 m capital cost of buying buses with a slightly smaller carrying capacity.
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301:. Other operators mainly used the more conventional overhead electric wires. Many of London's trams had to be equipped with both systems of electricity supply, with routes being equipped with change points.
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There were plans to run an underground tram line between South Kensington and the Albert Hall but it was withdrawn in 1891 and a pedestrian only route, the South Kensington subway, was built instead. The
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701:. It would have been tied into plans to pedestrianise Oxford Street and Marble Arch, funded through property development. Construction would have begun in 2012 with completion in 2018
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During the closure cycle of London's tram system, almost 100 of the most modern trams known as the "Feltham" class and dating from 1931 were withdrawn and sold to
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After the slow start, electric trams rapidly became very popular; by 1903, there were 300 electric tramcars in London, which carried 800,000 passengers over
411:, which would be relieved by the introduction of buses, with the aesthetic benefit of doing away with overhead wires and their noisy operation. A report in
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where they continued in service until the abandonment of that city's trams in 1959. Some London tramcars have been preserved on static display at London's
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the 1870 Tramways Act, which placed a great financial burden on the operator for road maintenance even though it was not responsible for all the wear;
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After the War, money for investment and maintenance became harder to find, as passengers migrated to the new motor bus services. In the 1930s, The
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Several different companies and municipalities operated London's electric tramways. The largest was the LCC, with lines equipped with
109:. Fares were set at 1d (1 penny) per mile, with half-price early and late workmen's services. After a demonstration line was built at
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from introducing new, quieter and more comfortable track and vehicles, in favour of trolleybus services and tubes provided under the
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At this time, trams were starting to be considered out-dated and inflexible and the phasing-out and replacement by diesel buses or
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During their heyday, tram services covered much of inner London and reached out to the suburbs, assisted by facilities like the
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never gave permission for tram lines to be built, trams were allowed to use the Victoria Embankment and cross the Thames over
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of electricity suppliers removed access to cheap electricity for those undertakings which owned their local power company.
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Company, using overhead electrification throughout and its own network of ornate power stations, starting with Chiswick.
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companies, thus benefiting the ratepayers, who had been bearing the full cost of highway repairs since the abolition of
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40:, from 1860 to 1952 and from 2000 to the present. There were no trams at all in London between 1952 and 2000.
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436:"Operation Tramaway", the replacement of the tram service by diesel buses, was announced in July 1950 by
175:. Replacement by electric vehicles commenced in 1901; the last horse-drawn trams were withdrawn in 1915.
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958:"South Kensington Subway - Kensington and Chelsea - Greater London - England - British Listed Buildings"
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using twin overhead wires as a cheaper alternative for 17 miles (27 kilometres) of its routes in 1931.
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211:, the first cable tramway in Europe, which was followed by a second cable line to draw trams up
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By 1914, the London tram operators formed the largest tram network in Europe but the onset of
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16:"London Trams" redirects here. For the tram service currently operated by "London Trams", see
718:
Barrett, B., The Inner Suburbs. The Evolution of an Industrial Area (Melbourne, 1971), p. 150
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includes new rights-of-way, adapted former railway lines and one section running alongside a
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New tram systems and extensions to existing tram lines have been discussed or planned:
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615:, using an existing rail right of way. Previous schemes have considered extensions to
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World Railways of the Nineteenth Century: A Pictorial History in Victorian Engravings
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in 1952 suggested a more comprehensive list of reasons for their demise, including:
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at Crich, Derbyshire. A working London tram can also be seen and ridden on at the
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physical capability of operating the heavy electrical controller or the brakes).
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2415:
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Tramlink extensions linking the Croydon-Beckenham route from Harrington Road up
455:
No general improvement in traffic flow was seen after the trams were withdrawn.
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151:
147:
78:
1111:"The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)"
1007:
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Two more tram systems were planned but their development has been abandoned:
595:, the world's first public railway, authorised by Act of Parliament in 1803.
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opened the widened Blackfriars Bridge and drove the first tram across it.
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1903:
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125:
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route through George Street to Cherry Orchard Road in 1927 and the last
1809:
1394:"Mayoral elections - Ken: I will replace buses in Oxford St with trams"
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219:. Both these systems were replaced within 15 years by electric trams.
70:
873:
The Moving Metropolis: The History of London's Transport Since 1800
816:
The Moving Metropolis: The History of London's Transport Since 1800
422:
London had streets that were too narrow, unlike continental cities;
459:
248:
52:
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London's housing developments were too far away from tram routes;
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ran in the early hours of 6 July 1952 to a rousing reception at
93:. These first lines were operated by an American entrpreneur,
66:
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1430:
1883:
860:. Vol. 2, no. 10. Chicago. August 1886. p. 384.
168:
500:
The current generation of trams started with the opening of
3043:
Historic tramways in the United Kingdom and the Isle of Man
540:(LRT) to propose Tramlink to Parliament, resulting in the
532:
The scheme was accepted in principle in February 1990 by
339:
companies purchased a large fleet of modern double-deck
929:"THE SOUTH KENSINGTON SUBWAY. (Hansard, 17 March 1891)"
645:. This scheme was "put on hold" after the approval of
548:
Tramlink operates with modern articulated tramcars of
508:
previously had many tramlines. The first to close was
351:. LUT accompanied this change by introducing electric
4700:
International Tramways and Light Railways Exhibition
983:"Subterranea Britannica: Sites: kingsway_tram_subway"
389:
through the Kingsway subway into North London. After
1086:"Local Issues In Battersea. Derating And Tramways".
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South Staffordshire & Birmingham District Steam
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85:. This was followed a month later by a route along
1350:"Cross River Tram under review says Boris Johnson"
574:on three routes across South London. It features
1174:"The Campaign To Save the London Trams 1946-1952"
1137:"London County Council - The Tramways Surplus".
253:The first electric tram on Kingston Bridge, 1906
4650:Birmingham and Midland Tramways Joint Committee
1099:
1097:
466:(in Covent Garden) and in working order at the
1843:Lower Thames and Medway Passenger Boat Company
204:were trialled on the Caledonian Road tramway.
3027:
2674:
1442:
8:
4471:Giant's Causeway, Portrush & Bush Valley
36:There have been two separate generations of
4557:Electric Railway and Tramway Carriage Works
3870:Dudley, Stourbridge & District Electric
3577:Stalybridge, Hyde, Mossley & Dukinfield
1056:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
915:Cast iron staircase at Chiswick sub-station
809:
807:
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403:, one of the five full-time members of the
4602:Midland Railway Carriage and Wagon Company
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1858:Westminster Passenger Services Association
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1470:
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1167:
1165:
1163:
1008:"Underground History - Kingsway Underpass"
428:authorities were prejudiced against trams.
1107:inflation figures are based on data from
1036:. The Sunday Times Magazine. p. 20.
444:. Retirement started in October 1950 and
207:In 1884, a cable tram was introduced for
200:Between 1881 and 1883, a small number of
875:. Laurence King Publishing. p. 82.
856:"Compressed Air for Street Car Motors".
3643:Gravesend, Rosherville & Northfleet
2549:History of public transport authorities
732:. David & Charles. pp. 20–22.
711:
4665:National Electric Construction Company
4418:Scottish Tramway and Transport Society
3915:Staffordshire Potteries Street Railway
3341:Middlesbrough, Stockton & Thornaby
1392:Barney, Katharine (28 February 2008).
1049:
871:Taylor, Sheila; Green, Oliver (2001).
367:to operate the LCC's existing bus and
27:London tramway network (before 1952) (
4293:Dundee, Broughty Ferry & District
1225:
1223:
446:London's final first-generation trams
192:steam engines hauling long-wheelbase
7:
4547:Brush Electrical Engineering Company
4110:Cardiff District and Penarth Harbour
3789:Plymouth, Stonehouse & Devonport
2554:Accessibility of transport in London
1231:"Croydon Tramlink (Unofficial Site)"
583:line. Part of the formation between
113:, the first lines authorised by the
57:A London Tramways horse tram, c 1890
2890:North and West London Light Railway
282:; on 14 September 1909, Lord Mayor
4582:Lancaster Carriage and Wagon Works
3784:Plymouth, Devonport & District
536:, which worked with what was then
14:
4680:Patent Cable Tramways Corporation
4215:Swansea Constitution Hill Incline
3875:Dudley, Sedgley and Wolverhampton
3391:Tynemouth & District Electric
4461:Castlederg & Victoria Bridge
3633:Folkestone, Hythe & Sandgate
3212:Nottinghamshire & Derbyshire
2840:
2642:
2633:
2632:
1193:. UK Statute Law Database. 1870.
407:, saw trams as a major cause of
365:London Passenger Transport Board
101:and his plans were put on hold.
4592:Manlove, Alliott & Co. Ltd.
4225:Wrexham & District Electric
3925:Wolverhampton District Electric
3713:Wolverton & Stony Stratford
3361:Stockton & Darlington Steam
2930:Stansted Airport Transit System
2920:Gatwick Airport Shuttle Transit
1294:. Stephenson Locomotive Society
1154:"Tramways in Britain 1807-1960"
934:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)
202:trams powered by compressed air
141:joining the Camberwell line at
4742:History of transport in London
4617:Starbuck Car and Wagon Company
4403:Stirling & Bridge of Allan
4145:Llanelly and District Electric
4095:Barmouth Junction & Arthog
3865:Dudley & Stourbridge Steam
2009:Global Infrastructure Partners
1420:The Elephant Will Never Forget
839:"Compressed Air on Tramways".
263:London County Council Tramways
1:
4180:Pontypridd and Rhondda Valley
3880:Kidderminster & Stourport
627:Also, Beckenham extension to
194:Falcon Engine & Car Works
73:started in March 1861 when a
4670:New General Traction Company
4063:Yorkshire (Woollen District)
3381:Sunderland District Electric
3331:Middlesbrough & Stockton
2961:East Anglia Transport Museum
1973:London North Eastern Railway
1848:Uber Boat by Thames Clippers
1706:Taxi and Private Hire office
1314:"Croydon Tramlink extension"
1276:. 8 May 2001. Archived from
962:britishlistedbuildings.co.uk
818:. Laurence King Publishing.
524:and Croydon (Coombe Road) -
472:East Anglia Transport Museum
324:, 16 miles (26 kilometres).
4685:Provincial Tramways Company
4622:United Electric Car Company
4486:Warrenpoint & Rostrevor
4343:Greenock & Port Glasgow
3910:South Staffordshire Company
3432:Blackburn & Over Darwen
2956:Black Country Living Museum
2925:Heathrow Terminal 5 Transit
1978:London Northwestern Railway
814:Taylor & Green (2001).
677:In the lead-up to the 2008
631:had been previously mooted.
591:was originally used by the
4758:
4398:Rothesay & Ettrick Bay
4135:Llandudno & Colwyn Bay
3638:Gravesend & Northfleet
2731:Nottingham Express Transit
2444:A102(M) (East Cross Route)
1090:. London. 5 February 1929.
858:The Street Railway Journal
730:The Golden Age of Tramways
493:
442:London Transport Executive
405:London Transport Executive
345:Union Construction Company
299:conduit current collection
15:
4675:Imperial Tramways Company
4655:British Electric Traction
4509:Douglas Southern Electric
4476:Glenanne & Loughgilly
4190:Pwllheli & Llanbedrog
4185:Pontypridd Urban District
3930:Wolverhampton Corporation
3442:Blackpool & Fleetwood
3351:South Shields Corporation
3336:Middlesbrough Corporation
3207:Nottingham & District
2838:
2823:Penistone Line Tram-Train
2736:South Yorkshire Supertram
2628:
2014:Heathrow Airport Holdings
1422:, British Transport Films
1032:Marshall, Prince (1972).
1012:underground-history.co.uk
845:. 7 July 1883. p. 3.
728:Klapper, Charles (1975).
542:Croydon Tramlink Act 1994
538:London Regional Transport
115:Act of Parliament in 1870
4542:British Thompson-Houston
4451:Cavehill & Whitewell
4308:Edinburgh & District
4258:Airdrie & Coatbridge
4023:Mexborough & Swinton
3890:Leamington & Warwick
3668:Portsdown & Horndean
3386:Tynemouth & District
3182:Mansfield & District
2915:Birmingham Air-Rail Link
2757:Coventry Very Light Rail
2320:Highbury & Islington
2234:St Pancras International
2019:Port of London Authority
1909:Govia Thameslink Railway
1736:Arriva Southern Counties
1726:Arriva Herts & Essex
1075:. London. 29 April 1901.
552:low-floor design called
77:began operating between
4660:British Thomson-Houston
4597:Merryweather & Sons
4068:Yorkshire (West Riding)
3983:Grimsby & Immingham
3963:Barnsley & District
3698:Southampton Corporation
3613:Brighton & Shoreham
3366:Stockton & District
3192:Northampton Corporation
2996:Wirral Transport Museum
2976:National Tramway Museum
2864:Docklands Light Railway
2559:London Transport Museum
2498:Ultra Low Emission Zone
2365:West Hampstead stations
1822:Transport UK London Bus
1778:RATP Dev Transit London
1568:Docklands Light Railway
1398:London Evening Standard
1141:. London. 23 July 1930.
1109:Clark, Gregory (2017).
468:National Tramway Museum
306:Kingsway tramway subway
238:Kingsway tramway subway
4567:Thomas Green & Son
4033:Scarborough funiculars
3845:Birmingham Corporation
3840:Birmingham & Aston
3769:Gloucester Corporation
3744:Camborne & Redruth
3623:Chatham & District
3376:Sunderland Corporation
3301:Darlington Corporation
3202:Nottingham Corporation
2462:London Inner Ring Road
2434:M41 (West Cross Route)
1520:Hammersmith & City
1254:. 1994. Archived from
1252:"Croydon Tramlink Act"
254:
225:London United Tramways
58:
4607:G.F. Milnes & Co.
4446:Bessbrook & Newry
4318:Edinburgh Corporation
4283:Dundee & District
4205:Swansea & Mumbles
3935:Wolverhampton Company
3507:Liverpool Corporation
3452:Blackpool Corporation
3437:Blackburn Corporation
3270:London County Council
3177:Leicester Corporation
2690:UK light rail systems
2174:Elephant & Castle
1988:South Western Railway
1941:Great Western Railway
1899:East Midlands Railway
1853:Thames River Services
1691:London River Services
1608:Gospel Oak to Barking
1377:. TfL. Archived from
1334:. TfL. Archived from
1316:. TfL. Archived from
1292:"Surrey Iron Railway"
911:"20th Century London"
897:"London Brixton Hill"
689:that would run along
337:Metropolitan Electric
284:George Wyatt Truscott
261:weekend in 1903. The
252:
56:
4552:Dick, Kerr & Co.
4388:Perth & District
4248:Aberdeen Corporation
4210:Swansea Improvements
4195:Pwllheli Corporation
4155:Neath & District
3779:Plymouth Corporation
3116:Wisbech & Upwell
2726:Manchester Metrolink
2239:Tottenham Court Road
1381:on 27 December 2007.
1205:"London's Last Tram"
782:Harter, Jim (2005).
699:Tottenham Court Road
572:Transport for London
514:East Croydon Station
245:First electric trams
95:George Francis Train
4587:Maley & Taunton
4524:Upper Douglas Cable
4436:Belfast Corporation
4338:Glasgow & Ibrox
4333:Glasgow Corporation
4170:Newport Corporation
4100:Cardiff Corporation
3895:North Staffordshire
3703:Southampton Company
3678:Reading Corporation
3487:Colne & Trawden
3477:Chester Corporation
3316:Hartlepool Electric
3167:Lincoln Corporation
3132:Alford & Sutton
3081:Ipswich Corporation
2971:Heaton Park Tramway
2895:West London Orbital
2874:Tyne and Wear Metro
2741:West Midlands Metro
2472:South Circular Road
2467:North Circular Road
2330:London City Airport
1686:IFS Cloud Cable Car
1645:East London Transit
1550:Waterloo & City
1458:Transport in London
1320:on 11 January 2008.
1258:on 10 October 2008.
1191:"Tramways Act 1870"
593:Surrey Iron Railway
401:Alexander Valentine
374:New Works Programme
280:Blackfriars Bridges
4577:Kitson and Company
4313:Edinburgh Northern
4288:Dundee Corporation
3940:Worcester Electric
3855:Burton & Ashby
3774:Gloucester Company
3759:Exeter Corporation
3447:Blackpool Electric
3371:Sunderland Company
3197:Northampton Street
3172:Leicester Tramways
2991:Telford steam tram
2966:Great Orme Tramway
2426:M25 London Orbital
2375:Willesden Junction
1968:MTR Elizabeth line
1889:Caledonian Sleeper
1874:Arriva Rail London
1487:London Underground
1375:"Cross River Tram"
1332:"West London Tram"
1270:"Croydon Tramlink"
1105:Retail Price Index
687:Oxford Street Tram
369:London Underground
272:West End of London
255:
111:the Crystal Palace
59:
4724:
4723:
4627:William Wilkinson
4519:Snaefell Mountain
4504:Douglas Bay Horse
4393:Perth Corporation
4253:Aberdeen Suburban
4243:Aberdeen District
4160:Neath Corporation
4076:
4075:
4018:Leeds Corporation
3850:Burton-upon-Trent
3819:Weston-super-Mare
3688:Ryde Pier Tramway
3512:Liverpool Company
3422:Barrow-in-Furness
3321:Hartlepools Steam
3306:Darlington Street
3142:Derby Corporation
3009:
3008:
2903:
2902:
2836:
2835:
2798:Bristol Supertram
2777:Wirral Street Car
2762:South Wales Metro
2711:Blackpool Tramway
2656:
2655:
2620:Network SouthEast
2603:Former BR sectors
2564:Places for London
2506:
2505:
2493:Low emission zone
2488:Congestion charge
2388:
2387:
2315:Heathrow stations
2113:
2112:
2027:
2026:
1894:Chiltern Railways
1879:Avanti West Coast
1800:Stagecoach London
1714:
1713:
1618:Romford–Upminster
1583:London Overground
1338:on 10 April 2008.
882:978-1-85669-241-0
842:The Star (London)
765:Street Tramways,
564:Cologne Stadtbahn
558:, based upon the
231:Underground trams
173:Hackney carriages
83:Notting Hill Gate
4749:
4562:English Electric
4428:Northern Ireland
4383:Paisley District
4303:Edinburgh Street
4273:Cruden Bay Hotel
4220:Wrexham District
4053:York Corporation
3557:South Lancashire
3417:Accrington Steam
3056:
3036:
3029:
3022:
3013:
2986:Summerlee Museum
2854:
2844:
2843:
2828:West London Tram
2808:Cross River Tram
2701:
2683:
2676:
2669:
2660:
2646:
2636:
2635:
2439:A40(M) (Westway)
2399:
2295:Clapham Junction
2204:Liverpool Street
2189:Fenchurch Street
2122:
2038:
1958:Heathrow Express
1951:Stansted Express
1783:London Sovereign
1483:
1471:
1451:
1444:
1437:
1428:
1406:
1405:
1404:on 2 March 2008.
1400:. Archived from
1389:
1383:
1382:
1371:
1365:
1364:
1362:
1360:
1354:london-se1.co.uk
1346:
1340:
1339:
1328:
1322:
1321:
1310:
1304:
1303:
1301:
1299:
1288:
1282:
1281:
1266:
1260:
1259:
1248:
1242:
1241:
1239:
1237:
1227:
1218:
1217:
1209:
1201:
1195:
1194:
1187:
1181:
1180:
1178:
1172:Watkins, Ann E.
1169:
1158:
1157:
1149:
1143:
1142:
1134:
1128:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1101:
1092:
1091:
1083:
1077:
1076:
1068:
1062:
1061:
1055:
1047:
1034:Wheels of London
1029:
1023:
1022:
1020:
1018:
1004:
998:
997:
995:
993:
979:
973:
972:
970:
968:
953:
947:
946:
944:
942:
925:
919:
918:
907:
901:
900:
893:
887:
886:
868:
862:
861:
853:
847:
846:
836:
830:
829:
811:
798:
797:
779:
770:
763:
757:
750:
744:
743:
725:
719:
716:
657:Cross River Tram
635:West London Tram
545:not a new cost.
476:Carlton Colville
464:Transport Museum
360:Royal Commission
63:first generation
4757:
4756:
4752:
4751:
4750:
4748:
4747:
4746:
4737:Trams in London
4727:
4726:
4725:
4720:
4689:
4637:
4631:
4534:
4528:
4490:
4422:
4328:Glasgow Company
4268:Carstairs House
4229:
4165:Newport Company
4105:Cardiff Company
4072:
3973:Dearne District
3955:
3949:
3835:Birmingham City
3823:
3717:
3683:Reading Company
3596:
3517:Lytham St Annes
3482:Chester Company
3400:
3289:
3216:
3162:Lincoln Company
3120:
3045:
3040:
3010:
3005:
2939:
2899:
2878:
2845:
2841:
2832:
2813:Leeds Supertram
2781:
2745:
2716:Edinburgh Trams
2692:
2687:
2657:
2652:
2624:
2598:
2532:
2502:
2476:
2448:
2384:
2300:Ealing Broadway
2268:
2164:City Thameslink
2109:
2078:
2058:London Heliport
2023:
1997:
1914:Gatwick Express
1867:Train operators
1862:
1836:River operators
1831:
1751:Docklands Buses
1741:Go-Ahead London
1710:
1659:
1629:
1554:
1476:
1466:
1460:
1455:
1415:
1410:
1409:
1391:
1390:
1386:
1373:
1372:
1368:
1358:
1356:
1348:
1347:
1343:
1330:
1329:
1325:
1312:
1311:
1307:
1297:
1295:
1290:
1289:
1285:
1268:
1267:
1263:
1250:
1249:
1245:
1235:
1233:
1229:
1228:
1221:
1207:
1203:
1202:
1198:
1189:
1188:
1184:
1176:
1171:
1170:
1161:
1151:
1150:
1146:
1136:
1135:
1131:
1121:
1119:
1108:
1102:
1095:
1085:
1084:
1080:
1070:
1069:
1065:
1048:
1044:
1031:
1030:
1026:
1016:
1014:
1006:
1005:
1001:
991:
989:
981:
980:
976:
966:
964:
955:
954:
950:
940:
938:
937:. 17 March 1891
927:
926:
922:
909:
908:
904:
895:
894:
890:
883:
870:
869:
865:
855:
854:
850:
838:
837:
833:
826:
813:
812:
801:
794:
781:
780:
773:
764:
760:
756:, 27 March 1861
751:
747:
740:
727:
726:
722:
717:
713:
708:
683:Ken Livingstone
639:Shepherd's Bush
601:
534:Croydon Council
498:
492:
409:road congestion
395:nationalisation
382:
343:, built by the
312:, then part of
247:
233:
181:
87:Victoria Street
51:
46:
38:trams in London
34:
33:
32:
21:
12:
11:
5:
4755:
4753:
4745:
4744:
4739:
4729:
4728:
4722:
4721:
4719:
4718:
4717:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4697:
4695:
4691:
4690:
4688:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4645:Balfour Beatty
4641:
4639:
4633:
4632:
4630:
4629:
4624:
4619:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4538:
4536:
4530:
4529:
4527:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4500:
4498:
4492:
4491:
4489:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4466:Clogher Valley
4463:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4443:
4441:Belfast Street
4438:
4432:
4430:
4424:
4423:
4421:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4239:
4237:
4231:
4230:
4228:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4212:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4167:
4162:
4157:
4152:
4150:Merthyr Tydfil
4147:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4086:
4084:
4078:
4077:
4074:
4073:
4071:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3959:
3957:
3951:
3950:
3948:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3831:
3829:
3825:
3824:
3822:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3764:Exeter Company
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3725:
3723:
3719:
3718:
3716:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3653:Isle of Thanet
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3604:
3602:
3598:
3597:
3595:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3408:
3406:
3402:
3401:
3399:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3297:
3295:
3291:
3290:
3288:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3246:
3245:
3235:
3230:
3224:
3222:
3218:
3217:
3215:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3128:
3126:
3122:
3121:
3119:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3076:Great Yarmouth
3073:
3068:
3062:
3060:
3053:
3047:
3046:
3041:
3039:
3038:
3031:
3024:
3016:
3007:
3006:
3004:
3003:
3001:Wirral Tramway
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2981:Seaton Tramway
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2951:Beamish Museum
2947:
2945:
2941:
2940:
2938:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2911:
2909:
2905:
2904:
2901:
2900:
2898:
2897:
2892:
2886:
2884:
2880:
2879:
2877:
2876:
2871:
2869:Glasgow Subway
2866:
2860:
2858:
2851:
2847:
2846:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2833:
2831:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2789:
2787:
2783:
2782:
2780:
2779:
2774:
2772:West Yorkshire
2769:
2764:
2759:
2753:
2751:
2747:
2746:
2744:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2707:
2705:
2698:
2694:
2693:
2688:
2686:
2685:
2678:
2671:
2663:
2654:
2653:
2651:
2650:
2640:
2629:
2626:
2625:
2623:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2606:
2604:
2600:
2599:
2597:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2574:Regent's Canal
2571:
2569:Port of London
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2540:
2538:
2534:
2533:
2531:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2514:
2512:
2508:
2507:
2504:
2503:
2501:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2484:
2482:
2478:
2477:
2475:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2458:
2456:
2450:
2449:
2447:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2407:
2405:
2396:
2390:
2389:
2386:
2385:
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1413:External links
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1280:on 8 May 2001.
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1152:Gould, Peter.
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2308:
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2255:
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2250:
2247:
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2227:
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2222:
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2209:London Bridge
2207:
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2200:
2197:
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2177:
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2172:
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2167:
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2159:Charing Cross
2157:
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2154:Cannon Street
2152:
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2147:
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2142:
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2139:Bank-Monument
2137:
2135:
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2041:Within London
2039:
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2015:
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1731:Arriva London
1729:
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1465:Companies and
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956:Stuff, Good.
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786:. JHU Press.
785:
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769:, 26 May 1869
768:
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755:
752:Police News,
749:
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691:Oxford Street
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490:Current trams
489:
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413:The Economist
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341:Feltham trams
338:
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333:London United
329:
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218:
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210:
209:Highgate Hill
205:
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198:
195:
191:
187:
179:Powered trams
178:
176:
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170:
162:
161:Oxford Street
158:
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140:
137:
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100:
99:Uxbridge Road
96:
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88:
84:
80:
76:
75:horse tramway
72:
68:
64:
55:
48:
43:
41:
39:
30:
23:
19:
4572:Hurst Nelson
4058:York Company
3998:Huddersfield
3242:
3137:Chesterfield
3106:Peterborough
2908:People mover
2803:CITI Belfast
2721:London Trams
2610:British Rail
2589:Trolleybuses
2583:
2544:Cycle routes
2518:Freedom Pass
2430:
2305:East Croydon
2290:Canary Wharf
2199:King's Cross
2169:Earl's Court
2134:Baker Street
2126:Central area
2070:
2062:
1993:Southeastern
1635:London Buses
1598:South London
1588:North London
1530:Metropolitan
1419:
1402:the original
1397:
1387:
1379:the original
1369:
1357:. Retrieved
1353:
1344:
1336:the original
1326:
1318:the original
1308:
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1286:
1278:the original
1273:
1264:
1256:the original
1246:
1234:. Retrieved
1211:
1199:
1185:
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1132:
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1114:
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932:
923:
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866:
857:
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815:
783:
766:
761:
753:
748:
729:
723:
714:
685:proposed an
651:
602:
581:Network Rail
562:type of the
559:
554:
547:
531:
499:
457:
454:
435:
431:
399:
391:World War II
386:trolleybuses
383:
357:
353:trolleybuses
330:
326:
303:
296:
288:
256:
234:
221:
213:Brixton Hill
206:
199:
186:Merryweather
182:
165:
103:
60:
37:
35:
22:
4694:Trade fairs
4612:Milnes Voss
4496:Isle of Man
4481:Portstewart
4373:Musselburgh
4363:Lanarkshire
4298:Dunfermline
4175:Oystermouth
4120:Glyn Valley
4038:Scarborough
3734:Bournemouth
3547:Rawtenstall
3497:Heaton Park
3280:Walthamstow
2767:Sutton Link
2523:Oyster card
2370:Whitechapel
2264:Westminster
2149:Bond Street
2144:Blackfriars
2074:Biggin Hill
1963:Hull Trains
1805:East London
1681:Dial-a-Ride
1655:Night buses
1603:West London
1593:East London
1560:London Rail
1071:"Letters".
695:Marble Arch
661:Kings Cross
438:Lord Latham
380:Abandonment
291:World War I
276:Westminster
148:Whitechapel
91:Westminster
79:Marble Arch
49:Horse trams
4731:Categories
4353:Kilmarnock
4125:Great Orme
4115:Fairbourne
3956:the Humber
3749:Cheltenham
3722:South West
3673:Portsmouth
3601:South East
3587:Warrington
3522:Manchester
3427:Birkenhead
3412:Accrington
3405:North West
3294:North East
3071:Colchester
2935:Luton DART
2818:Merseytram
2793:Abbey Line
2579:Thameslink
2528:Travelcard
2454:Ring roads
2229:Paddington
2214:Marylebone
2194:Green Park
2184:Farringdon
1929:Thameslink
1676:Cycle hire
1623:Watford DC
1613:Lea Valley
1540:Piccadilly
1495:Night Tube
1298:10 January
1274:FirstGroup
1236:10 January
706:References
681:election,
589:Hackbridge
576:accessible
568:FirstGroup
550:Bombardier
522:Embankment
510:Addiscombe
504:in 2000.
190:Dick, Kerr
157:Kensington
143:Kennington
134:Camberwell
122:Blackheath
117:ran from:
4638:companies
4358:Kirkcaldy
4278:Dumbarton
4048:Wakefield
4043:Sheffield
4028:Rotherham
3978:Doncaster
3945:Worcester
3900:Potteries
3754:Devonport
3693:Sheerness
3658:Maidstone
3572:Stockport
3567:St Helens
3562:Southport
3527:Morecambe
3502:Lancaster
3346:Newcastle
3311:Gateshead
3091:Lowestoft
3066:Cambridge
2944:Preserved
2786:Cancelled
2615:InterCity
2511:Ticketing
2403:Motorways
2380:Wimbledon
2355:Upminster
2340:Stratford
2063:Military:
1815:Thameside
1773:Metroline
1650:Superloop
1208:(Youtube)
1177:(MS Word)
1139:The Times
1088:The Times
1073:The Times
1052:cite book
767:The Times
754:The Times
647:Crossrail
621:Streatham
480:Lowestoft
450:New Cross
217:Streatham
107:turnpikes
4348:Inchture
4235:Scotland
4140:Llanelly
4090:Aberdare
4008:Keighley
3968:Bradford
3860:Coventry
3648:Hastings
3608:Brighton
3582:Wallasey
3552:Rochdale
3537:Old Swan
3472:Carlisle
3396:Tyneside
3285:West Ham
3250:East Ham
3238:Kingsway
3157:Ilkeston
3111:Southend
2883:Proposed
2750:Proposed
2697:Tramways
2638:Category
2481:Charging
2360:West Ham
2345:Surbiton
2335:Richmond
2325:Lewisham
2254:Waterloo
2249:Victoria
2244:Vauxhall
2219:Moorgate
2105:Stansted
2100:Southend
2071:Private:
2066:Northolt
2053:Heathrow
2033:Airports
1924:Southern
1904:Eurostar
1768:Metrobus
1578:Tramlink
1545:Victoria
1535:Northern
1515:District
1500:Bakerloo
1359:2 August
1017:2 August
992:2 August
967:2 August
941:2 August
659:linking
643:Uxbridge
629:Lewisham
611:Hill to
512:–
502:Tramlink
496:Tramlink
322:Brockley
314:Highgate
270:and the
126:Vauxhall
18:Tramlink
4378:Paisley
4323:Falkirk
4200:Rhondda
4130:Harlech
3993:Halifax
3988:Grimsby
3920:Walsall
3814:Torquay
3809:Taunton
3804:Swindon
3739:Bristol
3708:Wantage
3542:Preston
3462:Burnley
3233:Croydon
3228:Barking
3187:Matlock
3152:Glossop
3101:Norwich
3086:Ipswich
3051:England
2857:Current
2704:Current
2431:Former:
2280:Barking
2090:Gatwick
1810:Selkent
1525:Jubilee
1505:Central
1213:YouTube
917:. 1961.
679:mayoral
673:Brixton
669:Peckham
625:Tooting
609:Anerley
585:Mitcham
506:Croydon
484:Suffolk
452:Depot.
440:of the
349:Feltham
318:Downham
310:Archway
259:Whitsun
169:Omnibus
139:Brixton
130:Peckham
44:History
4709:Second
4413:Wemyss
3885:Kinver
3799:Seaton
3663:Oxford
3532:Nelson
3492:Darwen
3457:Bolton
3326:Jarrow
3265:Leyton
3260:Ilford
3243:London
3221:London
2648:Portal
2350:Sutton
2179:Euston
1510:Circle
1477:London
1040:
879:
822:
790:
736:
665:Camden
617:Purley
599:Future
555:CR4000
518:Purley
316:, and
71:London
29:source
4714:Third
4704:First
4368:Leith
4082:Wales
3794:Poole
3628:Dover
3618:Brill
3592:Wigan
3255:Erith
3096:Luton
2850:Metro
2584:Trams
2537:Other
2394:Roads
2273:Other
2095:Luton
2002:Other
1664:Other
1479:(TfL)
1122:7 May
693:from
637:from
560:K4000
478:near
460:Leeds
67:trams
4003:Hull
3467:Bury
3059:East
2048:City
1983:Lumo
1361:2016
1300:2008
1238:2008
1124:2024
1058:link
1038:ISBN
1019:2016
994:2016
969:2016
943:2016
877:ISBN
820:ISBN
788:ISBN
734:ISBN
671:and
663:and
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587:and
335:and
320:via
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188:and
132:and
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61:The
4263:Ayr
2421:M11
1884:c2c
1827:Uno
1103:UK
697:to
667:to
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152:Bow
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