591:
49:
704:
712:
794:
728:
503:
720:
the end of the year 1905, the system was inaugurated under
Meralco's handling, and had around 63 km (39 mi) of light rail track. The streetcar system at that time connected Binondo, Escolta, San Nicolas, Tondo, Caloocan, Malabon, Quiapo, Sampaloc, Santa Mesa, San Miguel, and other areas within Metro Manila. Under the American ownership, the light railroad workers are mostly Filipino.
678:
630:, the tranvia was left to a state of beyond economical repair. The tracks has since been dismantled, the remaining fleet scrapped, and the transport system within the metro shifted to automobile dependence and jeepneys. Meralco has since been the sole electricity provider for Metro Manila and nearby provinces up to this date.
560:, engineer Luciano M. Bremon, and banker Adolfo Bayo in line with Manila's growing populace and demands for better land transit. At the same year, the plans of Monssour were reviewed. The Malacañang Line, thought to not meet projected demands, was replaced with plans for a line connecting Tondo and Malabón.
723:
The tramway system gained line extensions, such as a line that runs from Santa Ana to Pasig, adding 11.6 km (7.2 mi) of railway length. Larger streetcars of double-wheel trucks and closed sides are added to the fleet, complementing the demand. In 1920, a five-year reconstruction program was
719:
As the aftermath of the
Filipino uprising and the American conquest, the tranvia was left in a poor state; in 1902, only ten horse-drawn cars service for a day. Thus, ownership was passed under the Manila Electric, Rail, and Light Authority as Charles Swift won the bid for the streetcar operation. By
665:
American ownership of the tramway under
Meralco paved way for electrification, as the company also specializes on electricity distribution. The company designs and produces its own rolling stock in its workshops, and the maximum fleet of electricity-powered streetcars reached a total of 170 in 1924.
656:
Towards the end of the 19th century, Manila saw wheeled traffic powered by horses. As the popular power for land-based transport at that time, the secretary wrote that the
Spanish tramway company was plagued with eccentric problems, mostly concerning the horses that pull the light rail coaches. Each
638:
Throughout its existence, the tranvia utilized trams that differed mainly on propulsion. Under
Spanish ownership, the tramway was noted for its horse-drawn coaches (tranvia de sangre), and under American rule, Meralco replaced the need for animal power by electrifying the tramways. All rolling stock
695:
The tramway system began construction in 1885 as an enterprise of Don Jacobo Zobel, the Compañia de los Tranvías de
Filipinas. The Malabon Line was first to be accomplished in 1888, utilizing eight passenger coaches and four German-manufactured steam locomotives. Full operations opened in 1889 with
598:
The United States established its governance in the
Philippines in 1901. In the following year, a commission that called for franchise bids in operating a streetcar system alongside management of electricity was passed by five Americans and three Filipinos on October 20, 1902, known as Act No. 484.
611:
In 1913, under Swift's other franchise of "Manila
Suburban Railway", a 9.8 km (6.1 mi) extension line that ran from Paco to Fort Mckinley and Pasig began operation. This franchise merged with the Manila Electric, Rail, and Light Company in 1919, when it was then shortened to the familiar
567:
In 1888, the Malabón Line, the first steam railway of the
Philippines, was completed, following the revised plans of Monssour. The line proved to be a commercial success, both by estimation and usage, with a greater profit than wheeled traffic. Aside from that, the ease of transporting goods from
563:
The tranvia lines were not opened at the same time; major construction for the lines took place between 1883 and 1886. The first tram line to be completed was the Tondo Line which was inaugurated on
December 9, 1883. This was followed by the Intramuros Line in 1886; and then the Sampaloc Line the
735:
Complementing Meralco's transportation businesses, autobuses are added in services as a streetcar system expansion was deemed "not economically viable". In 1927, 20 autobuses were manufactured. When World War II began in 1941, the streetcar fleet was reduced from 170 to 109 as the bus fleet was
699:
The tramway was an hourly service in each direction, owing to popular demand. At the Malabon Line, the earliest services begin 5:30 a.m. and end at 7:30 p.m. from Tondo; trips from Malabon were from 6:00 a.m. until 8:00 p.m., a schedule met every hour at mornings, and every
603:
won the bid for the Manila Electric Company franchise on March 24, 1903, he commissioned J. J. White for services in construction and engineering an electric tramway, and sometime in the following year, the Manila Electric Company acquired the Compañia de los Tranvías de Filipinas and the La
736:
expanded to 190. The war was the major setback for Meralco for its transportation business, causing poor maintenance alongside the 1943 floods, including the Battle of Manila which saw the extensive destruction of the city of Manila and consequently, the streetcar system.
817:
Presently, Meralco's former function as a railway operator echoes its legacy through its sister company MRail (formerly Miescorail), which has seen involvement in the maintenance, repair and rehabilitation works in LRT-1, MRT-3, and the Philippine National Railways.
575:
Subsequently, in 1889, the Malate Line was opened to the public. Overall, the tramway provided a cheap, safe, and convenient means of transport within the city until the ouster of the Spanish regime by the US when tram services dwindled in maintenance and capacity.
780:
The horse-drawn coaches and the signalling often results to confusion, mostly from wrong handling of the animals, the tram failing to stop, or that of the whistle used by the Guardia Sibil tends to be taken as a signal which are replaced with trumpets.
1613:
1312:"ELECTRICAL SERVICE IN THE PHILIPPINES; A 40,000 Horsepower Central Station Now Serves Manila and Suburbs. NEW PLAN BUILT IN 1905 Demand for Electric Lighting Grew Rapidly--6,000 Lamps in Streets Now. Pioneers on the Payroll. Nipa Hut Dwellers"
805:
There had been plans to revive the tranvia. In 2019, a consortium led by Greenergy Holdings Inc. aimed to invest an amount close to $ 500 million in building a tram system along 10 km (6.2 mi) of the service road on
784:
Despite the tranvia's notable patronage, operations had been marred with issues such as occasional strikes by Meralco streetcar workers. A streetcar bombing incident once occurred while a strike was ongoing.
647:
Steam-powered trams ran exclusively through the Malabon Line. The first fleet in the whole tranvia system and by propulsion consisted of four German-made light rail locomotives and eight passenger coaches.
531:
which documents railway plans throughout the island of Luzon. Subsequently in 1878, León Monssour formulated a five-line tramway system which included a loop within Intramuros, a line to
810:. This follows a route plied by the original tramway during the early 1900s. Under a joint venture agreement, the arrangement projects the tramway to serve as a passenger feeder to the
619:
On April 5, 1905, the tranvia was inaugurated. Although the terminology "streetcar" was favored by the American operators, locals still referred to the light railway as "tranvia".
696:
the addition of lines serving Intramuros, Malate, Sampaloc, and Malacañan within Manila. Unlike the Malabon Line, the trams that serviced within Manila are pulled by horses.
1608:
590:
724:
undertaken for the 15-year old tramway, where newer streetcars are designed and manufactured by the company workshops; by 1924, the fleet consists of around 170 cars.
527:, prepared by the Administracion de Obras Publicas to identify the layouts of future railway documents. In the same year, Engineer Eduardo López Navarro submitted the
669:
Meralco also tinkered with trackless trolley buses, which subsequently replaced the streetcars plying Calle Santa Mesa between Rotonda and the San Juan Bridge.
1166:
492:
are in its planning stages. The tranvia was renowned as "state-of-the-art" in East Asia, and had provided efficient transport to the residents of Manila.
1381:
1561:
956:
930:
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and Dagupan Extension near the old Tutuban Railway station. The tranvia system was quickly replaced with new modes of transportation such as
1529:
1603:
1340:
552:
Constructing the plans of León Monssour would not be realized without an entrepreneurial initiative. In 1882, the tramway company venture
1122:
1588:
48:
1618:
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1598:
837:
404:
985:
756:
Forces. Some of the remains of the tracks that used to be part of the tranvia system can be located at the intersection of
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920:
542:
908:
703:
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tram can carry 12 seated and 8 standing passengers, resembling an omnibus. At least 10 vehicles were operated in 1902.
1263:
1593:
1158:
437:
427:
417:
330:
227:
1018:
1250:(Digitized book) (in Spanish). Madrid: Impr. de Fortanet. HE 3949 C65 A3 – via Filipinas Heritage Library.
811:
160:
557:
745:
627:
488:. The tranvia served as the first railway transport to run in the Philippines, as in its earliest years the
1557:
749:
468:
Prior to the tranvia, modes of street transportation in Manila were mostly horse-drawn, consisting of the
1373:
604:
Electricista. In 1905, the concession purchased both open and closed Type 2 Convertible streetcars from
1203:
1234:
1428:
546:
518:
1406:
Railroads and regional development in the Philippines: Views from the colonial iron horse, 1875–1935
887:
An image from the Manila Nostalgia photographic archives shows that the tramway was referred to as
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753:
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system that served Manila and its surrounding cities during the early years of the 20th century.
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following year. The Sampaloc Line was named as such due to the nearby locality it services.
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initiated the planning for railways in the Philippines. The following year, in 1876, the
711:
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The streetcars utilize an overhead electrification system with a maximum of 500 volts.
240:
68:
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1582:
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410:
250:
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688:
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to replace the German-built locomotives and bilevel cars of the early Tranvia.
914:
798:
235:
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917:– a fortified area within Cavite with a tramway system for military services
1239:(Digitized book) (in Spanish). Madrid: Impr. de Fortanet – via Issuu.
923:– a heritage resort that features a short tram system alongside recreated
1614:
Buildings and structures of the Philippines destroyed during World War II
1531:
Bomb Put Aboard Manila Street Car As Strike Is In Progress Injuries Seven
1189:
939:– mode of transport that replaced the streetcar system after World War II
744:
The streetcar system that once dominated Manila was destroyed during the
616:. The tramway was then powered by a steam power plant in Isla Provisora.
483:
594:
A steam tram at Caloocan with the markings "Kansas and Utah Short Line".
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585:
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255:
143:
130:
17:
1435:. University of the Philippines Press. Appendix "Malabon Monográfico".
470:
510:
During the Spanish colonial era, the tramway was referred to as the
1457:
1447:
792:
726:
710:
702:
676:
589:
529:
Memoria Sobre el Plan General de Ferrocarriles en la Isla de Luzón
524:
Formularios para la reducion de los anteproyectos de ferrocarriles
501:
457:
840:
that closely follows the tranvia's right-of-way somewhere from
1204:"Proyecto de un tranvía de vapor de Manila a Malabón: 'Plano'"
1057:(Report). Japan Railway & Transport Review. Archived from
761:
1311:
878:
Track length under Meralco operations as of June 30, 1907.
1159:"Manila's Long-Lost 'Tranvias' Once the Envy of Asia"
1026:. Philippines: University of the Philippines Diliman.
911:– the oldest extant railway system in the Philippines
1190:"Manila's Public Transportation – a pictorial essay"
1052:
The Metro Manila LRT System—A Historical Perspective
836:The contemporary LRT–1, constructed in 1980, has a
545:aimed to serve locals from Sampaloc, and a line to
182:
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154:
149:
136:
123:
115:
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79:
60:
55:
34:
140:Compañia de Tranvías y Ferrocarriles de Filipinas
127:Compañia de Tranvías y Ferrocarriles de Filipinas
1504:Streetcar Employees Seek To Enforce Wage Demands
1012:
1010:
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1380:. BusinessMirror Editorial. February 5, 2019.
1244:Compania de los Tranvias de Filipinas (1885).
1233:Compania de los Tranvias de Filipinas (1885).
506:Steam-powered tranvia plying the Malabon Line.
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1279:
1081:
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986:"Planning Metro Manila's Mass Transit System"
522:
481:
8:
933:– light rail successor of the tranvia system
1347:. Meralco. October 11, 2004. Archived from
1335:
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1129:. Meralco. October 11, 2004. Archived from
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1462:http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.gmd/g8064m.ct003077
1117:
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572:hugely contributed to the line's success.
298:
195:
47:
31:
1609:1945 disestablishments in the Philippines
1556:Doris Dumlao-Abadilla (October 2, 2019).
1286:Secretary of Commerce and Police (1907).
1341:"100 Years of Meralco: Colonial Outpost"
1228:
1226:
1224:
860:The Intramuros Line was converted to an
1045:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1037:
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828:Manila Light Rail Transit System Line 1
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1289:United States Congressional Serial Set
1210:, vol. ULTRAMAR, MPD.6512 -, 1882
1152:
1150:
1148:
700:half-hour beginning at 1:30 p.m.
276:Compañia de los Tranvías de Filipinas
268:Compañia de los Tranvías de Filipinas
1564:from the original on December 8, 2019
864:line as it ceased operations in 1900.
554:Compañia de los Tranvías de Filipinas
7:
1558:"Revival of Manila tram system eyed"
984:Jose, Ricardo T. (August 25, 2018).
715:A rare picture of a tranvia interior
568:Malabon and the neighboring area of
1560:. Philippines: Inquirer Business.
1449:City of Manila, Philippine Islands
1384:from the original on June 21, 2020
1169:from the original on June 21, 2020
639:ran on standard gauge light rail.
27:Defunct Streetcar System in Manila
25:
1157:Gamble, Adrian (March 10, 2017).
1017:Gonzalez, Michael Manuel (1979).
687:. The bridge was replaced by the
1374:"On trains, trams, and tranvias"
832:Manila Light Rail Transit System
541:, through the community nearby
1:
921:Las Casas Filipinas de Acuzar
490:Ferrocarril de Manila–Dagupan
287:Horse-drawn (1885–1900)
1452:(Map). Manila, Philippines.
1409:(Thesis). Cornell University
909:Philippine National Railways
442:45.4 km (28.2 mi)
422:32.8 km (20.4 mi)
85:; 136 years ago
1604:1888 establishments in Asia
1403:Corpuz, Arturo (May 1989).
731:A ticket for a Tranvia ride
707:Map of the tranvia in 1905.
432:12.7 km (7.9 mi)
302:American colonial era: 1900
103:; 79 years ago
1635:
825:
583:
199:Spanish colonial era: 1884
399:Steam, Overhead electric
301:
297:
198:
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190:
178:
46:
40:
39:
1589:Transportation in Manila
1123:"100 Years with Meralco"
812:Makati Intra-city Subway
558:Jacobo Zóbel y Zangroniz
514:. The decree in 1875 by
289:Steam (1888–1905)
186:20,000 per car per month
167:3 ft 6 in
1619:Battle of Manila (1945)
1292:. Philippine Commission
1265:Exterior of Car, Closed
1050:Satre, Gary L. (1998).
1020:The De Manila a Dagupan
580:Manila Streetcar System
1599:Tram transport in Asia
1535:(News clip photograph)
1508:(News clip photograph)
1481:(News clip photograph)
1270:Street Railway Journal
844:going south to Pasay.
802:
732:
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507:
482:
1433:El folk-lore Filipino
1429:de los Reyes, Isabelo
1378:businessmirror.com.ph
1351:on September 18, 2009
1133:on September 18, 2009
889:Tranvias de Filipinas
796:
730:
714:
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680:
652:Horse-drawn carriages
593:
512:Tranvias de Filipinas
505:
497:Tranvias de Filipinas
428:Track length (double)
418:Track length (single)
1086:Lexis Nexis (1974).
927:structures in Bataan
681:A tranvia along the
622:After the events of
543:San Sebastian Church
438:Track length (total)
41:Tranvía de Filipinas
1446:Bach, John (1920).
1247:Memoria y estatutos
1236:Memoria y estatutos
1188:Gopal, Lou (2015).
643:Steam-powered trams
606:J. G. Brill Company
1318:. February 5, 1928
1165:. Skyrise Cities.
958:1913 Street Car Ad
803:
733:
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709:
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535:, another through
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65:Province of Manila
1594:History of Manila
1163:skyrisecities.com
661:Electrified trams
547:Malacañang Palace
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360:Additional lines:
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16:(Redirected from
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990:riles.upd.edu.ph
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770:Second World War
746:Battle of Manila
684:Puente de España
628:Battle of Manila
601:Charles M. Swift
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480:, and the fancy
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348:Sampaloc, Manila
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1431:(1890). "III".
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808:Roxas Boulevard
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556:was founded by
538:Calle Azcarraga
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405:Electrification
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1316:New York Times
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1127:meralco.com.ph
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1064:on May 5, 2006
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75:), Philippines
69:City of Manila
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1566:. Retrieved
1551:
1539:. Retrieved
1530:
1524:
1512:. Retrieved
1503:
1497:
1485:. Retrieved
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1423:
1411:. Retrieved
1405:
1398:
1386:. Retrieved
1377:
1353:. Retrieved
1349:the original
1344:
1320:. Retrieved
1315:
1306:
1294:. Retrieved
1288:
1269:
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1258:
1246:
1235:
1212:, retrieved
1207:
1198:
1183:
1171:. Retrieved
1162:
1135:. Retrieved
1131:the original
1126:
1094:. Retrieved
1089:Mass Transit
1088:
1068:November 18,
1066:. Retrieved
1059:the original
1019:
993:. Retrieved
989:
979:
967:. Retrieved
957:
951:
924:
888:
883:
861:
856:
838:right of way
835:
816:
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783:
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758:Recto Avenue
743:
734:
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698:
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689:Jones Bridge
682:
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624:World War II
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453:
451:
385:Operator(s)
359:
335:
273:Operator(s)
29:
1214:December 7,
797:Tranvia in
519:Alfonso XII
393:Propulsion
281:Propulsion
156:Track gauge
137:Operator(s)
1583:Categories
1458:2012586258
969:January 3,
944:References
915:Corregidor
822:Manila LRT
799:Intramuros
768:after the
673:Operations
612:branding,
342:Intramuros
174:Statistics
1322:April 25,
814:project.
776:Incidents
477:carromata
458:streetcar
395:system(s)
377:Owner(s)
351:Azcarraga
283:system(s)
265:Owner(s)
251:Azcarraga
56:Operation
1568:June 21,
1562:Archived
1541:June 21,
1537:. Manila
1514:June 21,
1510:. Manila
1487:June 21,
1483:. Manila
1413:June 20,
1388:June 21,
1382:Archived
1296:June 23,
1173:June 21,
1167:Archived
1096:June 15,
898:See also
766:jeepneys
754:American
750:Japanese
748:between
626:and the
388:Meralco
380:Meralco
325:Defunct
246:Sampaloc
222:Defunct
124:Owner(s)
1355:May 28,
1272:. 1905.
1137:May 28,
995:May 28,
963:Meralco
937:Jeepney
904:Meralco
862:autobus
614:Meralco
586:Meralco
570:Navotas
484:caruaje
464:History
454:tranvía
354:Malabon
322:Status
312: (
304: (
256:Malabón
219:Status
209: (
201: (
144:Meralco
131:Meralco
106: (
88: (
67:(later
35:Tranvía
18:Tranvia
1456:
965:. 1913
931:Line 1
842:Manila
789:Legacy
471:calesa
456:was a
345:Malate
241:Malate
236:Manila
119:Closed
116:Status
61:Locale
1062:(PDF)
1055:(PDF)
1024:(PDF)
848:Notes
762:buses
599:When
409:500V
366:Pasig
331:Lines
310:–1945
228:Lines
207:–1900
98:Close
73:Rizal
1570:2020
1543:2020
1516:2020
1489:2020
1454:LCCN
1415:2020
1390:2020
1357:2020
1324:2017
1298:2020
1216:2020
1175:2020
1139:2020
1098:2008
1070:2015
997:2020
971:2023
830:and
764:and
752:and
516:King
452:The
314:1945
306:1900
211:1900
203:1884
183:1913
108:1945
101:1945
90:1888
83:1888
80:Open
71:and
1208:Map
1585::
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142:→
129:→
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20:)
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