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religion if doing so would impose more than a de minimis burden. . . . As the
Solicitor General observes, Hardison's reading does not represent the most likely interpretation of the statutory term "undue hardship"; the parties' briefs in Hardison did not focus on the meaning of that term; no party in that case advanced the de minimis position; and the Court did not explain the basis for this interpretation. See Brief for United States as Amicus Curiae 19–21. I thus agree with the Solicitor General that we should grant review in an appropriate case to consider whether Hardison's interpretation should be overruled.
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255:. TWA transferred him from the night shift to the daytime on Saturdays. However, his seniority was affected by the shift change, and the union did not allow him to take Saturdays off. TWA declined a proposal for him to work a four-day week and ultimately discharged him for refusing to work on Saturdays.
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I agree with the most important point made in that brief, namely, that we should reconsider the proposition, endorsed by the opinion in Trans World
Airlines, Inc. v. Hardison, 432 U. S. 63, 84 (1977), that Title VII does not require an employer to make any accommodation for an employee's practice of
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Today, the
Solicitor General disavows its prior position that Hardison should be overruled--but only on the understanding that Hardison does not compel courts to read the "more than de minimis" standard "literally" or in a manner that undermines Hardison's references to "substantial" cost. With the
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which held that increased costs that are more than 'de minimis' are not sufficient to demonstrate 'undue hardship', and that the onus is on the employer to demonstrate that granting the exemption would incur "substantial increased costs" compared to the normal costs of business.
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TWA, which made reasonable efforts to accommodate respondent's religious needs, did not violate Title VII, and each of the Court of
Appeals' suggested alternatives would have been an undue hardship within the meaning of the statute as construed by the EEOC
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On
September 26, 2022, 15 members of the US Congress filed an amicus brief arguing that the standard in Hardison for "undue hardship" conflicted with the text and legislative purpose of Title VII. They urged the court to grant certiorari in
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Gorsuch, Neal; Alito, Samuel. "JASON SMALL v. MEMPHIS LIGHT, GAS & WATER ON PETITION FOR WRIT OF CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE SIXTH CIRCUIT".
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held that an employer may discharge an employee who observes a seventh-day sabbath, and that such employee is not entitled to equal employment opportunity protection under
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precedent. Justice Alito, joined by
Justices Thomas and Gorsuch, wrote a statement calling for the Hardison precedent to be reconsidered in a future appropriate case:
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Whether
Hardison's discharge from employment on account of observance of a seventh-day sabbath constituted religious discrimination in violation of § 703(a)(1) of
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271:, in a widely-cited dissent, wrote, "ne of this Nation's pillars of strength, our hospitality to religious diversity, has been seriously eroded."
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308:, cases that potentially challenged the established precedent. Justices Gorsuch and Alito wrote a dissent to the denial of certiorari.
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227:, which makes it an unlawful employment practice for an employer to discriminate against an employee on the basis of his religion.
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552:"BRIEF OF MEMBERS OF THE UNITED STATES SENATE AND UNITED STATES HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES AS AMICI CURIAE IN SUPPORT OF PETITIONER"
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precedent have emerged over time. In 2020, the
Supreme Court declined to review
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346:. The precedential value of Hardison is now lessened by the court's opinion in
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624:"Supreme Court Sides With Postal Carrier Who Refused to Work on Sabbath"
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White, joined by Burger, Stewart, Blackmun, Powell, Rehnquist, Stevens
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requires "reasonable" accommodations for religious exercise. Justice
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US Supreme Court case on religious liberty and equality in employment
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The
Supreme Court sided with Trans World Airlines, stating that the
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benefit of comprehensive briefing and oral argument, we agree.
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Similarly, in 2021, the
Supreme Court denied certiorari in
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United States Supreme Court; Chapter 593 U. S. ____ (2021)
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case in their conference on January 13, 2023, and granted
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landmark decision on religious liberty and employment law
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316:and overturn the standing precedent.
21:1977 United States Supreme Court case
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418:"Trans World Airlines v. Hardison"
390:Estate of Thornton v. Caldor, Inc.
243:Larry Hardison was an employee at
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668:United States Supreme Court cases
275:Challenges to the legal precedent
330:The Supreme Court discussed the
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253:Saturdays which was his sabbath
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443:"Trans World Airlines, Inc.
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48:Decided June 16, 1977
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530:Reason.com
485:Reason.com
403:References
365:, No.
339:certiorari
63:Docket no.
636:0362-4331
447:Hardison"
73:Citations
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383:See also
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195:Majority
203:Dissent
108:Holding
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452:Oyez
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