1221:
46:(used in more serious cases, in ventricular fibrillation and other shockable rhythms) using a manual or automatic defibrillator, though some newer defibrillators can do both, and pads and an electrical stimulus to the heart are used in transcutaneous pacing and defibrillation. Transcutaneous pacing is accomplished by delivering pulses of electric current through the patient's chest, which stimulates the
77:
20:
65:. Not all instances of bradycardia require medical treatment. Normal heart rate varies substantially between individuals, and many athletes in particular have a relatively slow resting heart rate. In addition, the heart rate is known to naturally slow with age. It is only when bradycardia presents with signs and symptoms of
156:
should therefore be considered. Before pacing the patient in a prehospital setting sedation is recommended by administering an analgesic or an anxiolytic. Prolonged transcutaneous pacing may cause burns on the skin. According to the Zoll M Series
Operator's Guide," Continuous pacing of neonates can
171:
In addition to synchronized transcutaneous pacing offered by newer cardiac monitor/defibrillators, there is also an option for asynchronous pacing. Sometimes in the prehospital setting a situation may arise where ECG electrodes are not available or something interferes with their adhesion to the
149:) is obtained, with a corresponding pulse. Pacing artifact on the ECG and severe muscle twitching may make this determination difficult. It is therefore advisable to use another instrument (e.g. SpO2 monitor or bedside doppler) to confirm mechanical capture.
172:
patient's skin. In these rare situations where the patient must be paced and there are no other alternatives, asynchronous pacing may be used. Again, this setting should only be used as a last resort due to possible adverse cardiac effects it could cause.
140:
by "sandwiching" the heart between the two pads. The pads are then attached to a monitor/defibrillator, a heart rate is selected, and current (measured in milliamps) is increased until electrical capture (characterized by a wide
157:
cause skin burns. If it is necessary to pace for more than 30 minutes, periodic inspection of the underlying skin is strongly advised." It is meant to stabilize the patient until a more permanent means of pacing is achieved.
135:
During transcutaneous pacing, pads are placed on the patient's chest, either in the anterior/lateral position or the anterior/posterior position. The anterior/posterior position is preferred as it minimizes transthoracic
460:
1169:
495:
591:
989:
579:
181:
1248:
864:
406:
259:
Carter, James B.; Banister, Eric W.; Blaber, Andrew P. (2003-01-01). "Effect of
Endurance Exercise on Autonomic Control of Heart Rate".
1243:
1114:
790:
695:
995:
433:
420:
453:
1002:
809:
401:
Bledsole, B., Porter, R., and Cherry, R. "Paramedic Care: Principles & Practice: Volume 3". Third
Edition, Pearson, 2009.
310:
1102:
799:
1124:
625:
1109:
1097:
978:
1224:
446:
749:
1056:
946:
700:
490:
1135:
1119:
586:
569:
120:
1131:
1073:
973:
938:
784:
124:
1177:
191:
1012:
933:
89:
54:
1182:
739:
552:
547:
165:
137:
97:
216:
Mangrum, J. Michael; DiMarco, John P. (2000-03-09). "The
Evaluation and Management of Bradycardia".
1061:
1039:
725:
564:
537:
93:
66:
1044:
957:
953:
899:
894:
835:
756:
664:
613:
527:
292:
161:
116:
70:
61:. By convention, a heart rate of fewer than 60 beats per minute in the adult patient is called
1087:
1033:
963:
871:
859:
720:
710:
705:
608:
559:
470:
429:
416:
402:
385:
284:
276:
241:
233:
146:
112:
1187:
1092:
830:
760:
743:
675:
648:
643:
375:
365:
335:
268:
225:
438:
1159:
1081:
928:
918:
904:
795:
765:
671:
500:
485:
1066:
1051:
847:
824:
655:
639:
574:
380:
353:
186:
108:
43:
336:"ACC/AHA Guidelines for Implantation of Cardiac Pacemakers and Antiarrhythmia Devices"
1237:
1203:
923:
542:
272:
296:
968:
196:
85:
1145:
888:
852:
532:
517:
229:
142:
62:
1140:
1007:
912:
680:
58:
280:
237:
370:
389:
288:
245:
76:
19:
153:
104:
115:), with the possible exception of witnessed asystole (as in the case of
804:
1153:
983:
814:
659:
474:
426:
Handbook of
Emergency Cardiovascular Care for Healthcare Providers
103:
Transcutaneous pacing is no longer indicated for the treatment of
75:
47:
39:
18:
354:"Post operative temporary epicardial pacing: When, how and why?"
442:
152:
Transcutaneous pacing may be uncomfortable for the patient.
311:"Transcutaneous Pacing (TCP): The Problem of False Capture"
42:
during a medical emergency. It should not be confused with
428:. Editors Hazinski, M., Cummins, R., and Field, J. 2004.
16:
Method of temporary stabilizing an individual's heartbeat
413:
Thelan's
Critical Care Nursing: Diagnosis and Management
1196:
1168:
1025:
880:
776:
516:
509:
164:, epicardial pacing, and permanent pacing with an
57:for transcutaneous pacing is an abnormally slow
454:
38:, is a temporary means of pacing a patient's
8:
513:
496:Cardiology diagnostic tests and procedures
461:
447:
439:
592:Transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement
379:
369:
635:shunt from heart chamber to blood vessel
80:False capture with visible phantom beats
735:shunt from blood vessel to blood vessel
208:
182:Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator
23:True electrical and mechanical capture
865:Valve-sparing aortic root replacement
604:enlargement of existing septal defect
411:Urden, L., Stacy, K., and Lough, M.
111:associated with a "flat line" on the
7:
599:production of septal defect in heart
696:transposition of the great vessels
621:creation of septal defect in heart
160:Other forms of cardiac pacing are
14:
996:Cardiac resynchronization therapy
1220:
1219:
273:10.2165/00007256-200333010-00003
88:significant bradycardia include
1003:Left atrial appendage occlusion
415:. Fourth Edition, Mosby, 1998.
218:New England Journal of Medicine
145:with tall, broad T wave on the
1:
1125:Radionuclide ventriculography
1249:Emergency medical procedures
1110:Myocardial perfusion imaging
73:with transcutaneous pacing.
352:Batra AS, Balaji S (2008).
230:10.1056/NEJM200003093421006
1265:
717:for univentricular defect
1244:Cardiac electrophysiology
1217:
1057:Implantable loop recorder
701:Arterial switch operation
491:Interventional cardiology
481:
1136:Coronary catheterization
626:Blalock–Hanlon procedure
587:Mitral valve replacement
570:Aortic valve replacement
1132:Cardiac catheterization
1074:Electrophysiology study
974:Radiofrequency ablation
939:Alcohol septal ablation
371:10.4103/0974-2069.43877
1178:Impedance cardiography
800:Coronary artery bypass
192:Heart rate variability
94:sinus node dysfunction
84:Some common causes of
81:
24:
1209:Transcutaneous pacing
1013:Heart transplantation
934:Ventricular reduction
750:Blalock–Taussig shunt
334:GREGORATOS, GABRIEL.
166:implantable pacemaker
90:myocardial infarction
79:
28:Transcutaneous pacing
22:
1183:Ballistocardiography
740:systemic circulation
138:electrical impedance
121:complete heart block
98:complete heart block
1062:Cardiac stress test
1040:Electrocardiography
979:Pacemaker insertion
726:Kawashima procedure
690:compound procedures
565:Aortic valve repair
538:Mitral valve repair
358:Ann Pediatr Cardiol
119:that progresses to
71:emergency treatment
1115:Cardiovascular MRI
1045:Vectorcardiography
900:Pericardial window
895:Pericardiocentesis
836:Drug-eluting stent
665:Rastelli procedure
614:Balloon septostomy
162:transvenous pacing
117:bifascicular block
82:
25:
1231:
1230:
1088:Angiocardiography
1034:Electrophysiology
1021:
1020:
964:Catheter ablation
947:Conduction system
872:LeCompte maneuver
860:Bentall procedure
721:Norwood procedure
711:Senning procedure
706:Mustard procedure
609:Atrial septostomy
560:Valve replacement
407:978-0-13-513702-4
69:that it requires
1256:
1223:
1222:
1188:Cardiotocography
1156:
1120:Ventriculography
1093:Echocardiography
1084:
1036:
952:Maze procedure (
949:
915:
891:
844:
843:Obstacle removal
831:Bare-metal stent
827:
787:
744:pulmonary artery
736:
691:
676:pulmonary artery
649:Fontan procedure
644:pulmonary artery
636:
600:
514:
463:
456:
449:
440:
394:
393:
383:
373:
349:
343:
342:
340:
331:
325:
324:
322:
321:
307:
301:
300:
256:
250:
249:
213:
53:The most common
1264:
1263:
1259:
1258:
1257:
1255:
1254:
1253:
1234:
1233:
1232:
1227:
1213:
1192:
1164:
1160:Phonocardiogram
1152:
1082:Cardiac imaging
1080:
1032:
1017:
945:
929:Septal myectomy
919:Cardiomyoplasty
911:
905:Pericardiectomy
887:
876:
842:
823:
783:
777:Cardiac vessels
772:
766:Glenn procedure
734:
689:
672:right ventricle
634:
598:
520:
505:
501:Cardiac imaging
486:Cardiac surgery
477:
467:
398:
397:
351:
350:
346:
338:
333:
332:
328:
319:
317:
309:
308:
304:
261:Sports Medicine
258:
257:
253:
224:(10): 703–709.
215:
214:
210:
205:
178:
133:
86:hemodynamically
36:external pacing
34:), also called
17:
12:
11:
5:
1262:
1260:
1252:
1251:
1246:
1236:
1235:
1229:
1228:
1218:
1215:
1214:
1212:
1211:
1206:
1200:
1198:
1194:
1193:
1191:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1174:
1172:
1170:Function tests
1166:
1165:
1163:
1162:
1157:
1149:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1129:
1128:
1127:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1106:
1105:
1100:
1090:
1085:
1077:
1076:
1071:
1070:
1069:
1067:Bruce protocol
1059:
1054:
1052:Holter monitor
1049:
1048:
1047:
1037:
1029:
1027:
1023:
1022:
1019:
1018:
1016:
1015:
1010:
1005:
999:
998:
993:
987:
981:
976:
971:
966:
961:
950:
942:
941:
936:
931:
926:
921:
916:
908:
907:
902:
897:
892:
884:
882:
878:
877:
875:
874:
868:
867:
862:
856:
855:
850:
848:Endarterectomy
845:
839:
838:
833:
828:
825:Coronary stent
820:
819:
818:
817:
812:
807:
793:
788:
780:
778:
774:
773:
771:
770:
769:
768:
754:
753:
752:
737:
731:
730:
729:
728:
723:
715:
714:
713:
708:
703:
692:
686:
685:
684:
683:
669:
668:
667:
656:left ventricle
653:
652:
651:
637:
631:
630:
629:
628:
618:
617:
616:
611:
601:
595:
594:
589:
584:
583:
582:
577:
575:Ross procedure
567:
562:
557:
556:
555:
550:
540:
535:
530:
524:
522:
511:
507:
506:
504:
503:
498:
493:
488:
482:
479:
478:
473:involving the
468:
466:
465:
458:
451:
443:
437:
436:
423:
409:
396:
395:
344:
326:
302:
251:
207:
206:
204:
201:
200:
199:
194:
189:
187:Defibrillation
184:
177:
174:
132:
129:
109:cardiac arrest
44:defibrillation
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1261:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1241:
1239:
1226:
1216:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1204:Cardioversion
1202:
1201:
1199:
1195:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1167:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1151:
1150:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1133:
1130:
1126:
1123:
1122:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1083:
1079:
1078:
1075:
1072:
1068:
1065:
1064:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1046:
1043:
1042:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1031:
1030:
1028:
1024:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
1000:
997:
994:
991:
988:
985:
982:
980:
977:
975:
972:
970:
967:
965:
962:
959:
955:
951:
948:
944:
943:
940:
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
924:Dor procedure
922:
920:
917:
914:
910:
909:
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
893:
890:
886:
885:
883:
879:
873:
870:
869:
866:
863:
861:
858:
857:
854:
851:
849:
846:
841:
840:
837:
834:
832:
829:
826:
822:
821:
816:
813:
811:
808:
806:
803:
802:
801:
797:
794:
792:
789:
786:
782:
781:
779:
775:
767:
764:
763:
762:
759:to the right
758:
755:
751:
748:
747:
745:
741:
738:
733:
732:
727:
724:
722:
719:
718:
716:
712:
709:
707:
704:
702:
699:
698:
697:
693:
688:
687:
682:
679:
678:
677:
673:
670:
666:
663:
662:
661:
657:
654:
650:
647:
646:
645:
641:
638:
633:
632:
627:
624:
623:
622:
619:
615:
612:
610:
607:
606:
605:
602:
597:
596:
593:
590:
588:
585:
581:
580:Transcatheter
578:
576:
573:
572:
571:
568:
566:
563:
561:
558:
554:
551:
549:
546:
545:
544:
543:Valvuloplasty
541:
539:
536:
534:
531:
529:
526:
525:
523:
519:
515:
512:
508:
502:
499:
497:
494:
492:
489:
487:
484:
483:
480:
476:
472:
464:
459:
457:
452:
450:
445:
444:
441:
435:
434:0-87493-448-6
431:
427:
424:
422:
421:0-323-01461-5
418:
414:
410:
408:
404:
400:
399:
391:
387:
382:
377:
372:
367:
364:(2): 120–05.
363:
359:
355:
348:
345:
337:
330:
327:
316:
312:
306:
303:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
255:
252:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
212:
209:
202:
198:
195:
193:
190:
188:
185:
183:
180:
179:
175:
173:
169:
167:
163:
158:
155:
150:
148:
144:
139:
130:
128:
126:
125:escape rhythm
122:
118:
114:
110:
106:
101:
99:
95:
91:
87:
78:
74:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
51:
50:to contract.
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
29:
21:
1208:
992:implantation
986:implantation
969:Cryoablation
810:Off-pump CAB
620:
603:
528:Valve repair
518:Heart valves
425:
412:
361:
357:
347:
329:
318:. Retrieved
314:
305:
267:(1): 33–46.
264:
260:
254:
221:
217:
211:
197:Palpitations
170:
159:
151:
134:
102:
83:
52:
35:
31:
27:
26:
1146:Cardiac PET
889:Pericardium
853:Atherectomy
791:Angioplasty
533:Valvulotomy
315:EMS 12 Lead
143:QRS complex
123:without an
63:bradycardia
1238:Categories
1141:Cardiac CT
1008:Cardiotomy
913:Myocardium
681:Sano shunt
471:procedures
469:Tests and
320:2019-01-31
203:References
59:heart rate
55:indication
521:and septa
281:1179-2035
238:0028-4793
1225:Category
958:minimaze
954:Cox maze
390:20300253
297:40393053
289:12477376
246:10706901
176:See also
154:Sedation
105:asystole
510:Surgery
381:2840753
131:Process
1197:Pacing
805:MIDCAB
796:Bypass
746:shunt
640:atrium
553:mitral
548:aortic
432:
419:
405:
388:
378:
295:
287:
279:
244:
236:
1154:sound
1026:Tests
984:S-ICD
881:Other
815:TECAB
660:aorta
475:heart
339:(PDF)
293:S2CID
67:shock
48:heart
40:heart
956:and
694:for
430:ISBN
417:ISBN
403:ISBN
386:PMID
285:PMID
277:ISSN
242:PMID
234:ISSN
96:and
1103:TEE
1098:TTE
990:ICD
785:CHD
757:SVC
742:to
674:to
658:to
642:to
376:PMC
366:doi
269:doi
226:doi
222:342
147:ECG
127:).
113:ECG
32:TCP
1240::
761:PA
384:.
374:.
360:.
356:.
313:.
291:.
283:.
275:.
265:33
263:.
240:.
232:.
220:.
168:.
100:.
92:,
1134:/
960:)
798:/
462:e
455:t
448:v
392:.
368::
362:1
341:.
323:.
299:.
271::
248:.
228::
107:(
30:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
