267:
At least one in five children experience some form of tic disorder, most frequently between the ages of seven and twelve. Tourette syndrome is the more severe expression of a spectrum of tic disorders, which are thought to be due to the same genetic vulnerability. Nevertheless, most cases of
Tourette
384:: for tic disorders that result in significant impairment to the individual yet do not meet the full criteria for other tic disorders. The new categories account for tics with onset in adulthood, or tics triggered by other medical conditions or illicit drug use.
43:
1168:
1153:
47:
45:
1428:
46:
1645:
359:
Differentiation of chronic motor or vocal tic disorder: DSM-5 added a specifier to distinguish between vocal and motor tics that are chronic. This distinction was added because higher rates of
1548:
268:
syndrome are not severe. Although a significant amount of investigative work indicates genetic linkage of the various tic disorders, further study is needed to confirm the relationship.
113:
82:
519:
1306:
366:
Now includes as
Tourette's Disorder patients with tics who experienced a 3-month or longer remission since the first tic, as long as the first tic was at least a year ago.
1638:
1058:
The
Tourette Syndrome Classification Study Group (October 1993). "Definitions and classification of tic disorders. The Tourette Syndrome Classification Study Group".
1423:
241:" strategy, are the only treatment needed for many, and most individuals with tics do not seek treatment. When needed, management of tic disorders is similar to
1413:
44:
1631:
1268:
889:
970:
256:
Although behavioural therapy is the recommended first treatment, many people with tics do not access it due to the lack of trained psychotherapists.
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1018:
1611:
1291:
356:"satisfies experts with a more systematic epidemiological approach to disorders", but should not imply that treatment might not be called for.
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774:
500:
156:
1685:
1662:
1654:
421:
530:
437:
Swain JE, Scahill L, Lombroso PJ, King RA, Leckman JF (August 2007). "Tourette syndrome and tic disorders: a decade of progress".
1711:
892:
526:
413:
289:
Transient tic disorder consisted of multiple motor and/or phonic tics with duration of at least 4 weeks, but less than 12 months.
1495:
1403:
1301:
1261:
292:
Chronic tic disorder was either single or multiple motor or phonic tics, but not both, which were present for more than a year.
242:
619:
Roessner V, Plessen KJ, Rothenberger A, Ludolph AG, Rizzo R, Skov L, Strand G, Stern JS, Termine C, Hoekstra PJ (April 2011).
559:(October 2014). "Tourette's: syndrome, disorder or spectrum? Classificatory challenges and an appraisal of the DSM criteria".
1398:
352:
suggested it could only be defined in retrospect (though that perception did not follow the DSM-IV-TR definition). The term
847:
Evidente VG (October 2000). "Is it a tic or
Tourette's? Clues for differentiating simple from more complex tic disorders".
1751:
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323:
226:
160:
1706:
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Tic disorder NOS was diagnosed when tics were present, but did not meet the criteria for any specific tic disorder.
1562:
1408:
598:
91:
621:"European clinical guidelines for Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders. Part II: pharmacological treatment"
1183:
1510:
1464:
906:
594:
310:
was published in 2013, updating DSM-IV-TR, which was published in 2000. The following changes were made:
804:
Swerdlow NR (September 2005). "Tourette syndrome: current controversies and the battlefield landscape".
348:: because initially presenting tics may eventually be diagnosed as chronic tic disorder or Tourette's,
171:
1444:
1172:
782:
671:
Müller-Vahl KR, Szejko N, Verdellen C, Roessner V, Hoekstra PJ, Hartmann A, Cath DC (March 2022).
295:
Tourette syndrome was diagnosed when both motor and phonic tics were present for more than a year.
1534:
1118:
995:
872:
829:
673:"European clinical guidelines for Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders: summary statement"
492:
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335:
1071:
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1337:
751:
724:
697:
672:
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556:
126:
1177:
725:"Provisional Tic Disorder: What to tell parents when their child first starts ticcing"
17:
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1783:
1719:
1623:
1234:
1014:
999:
876:
833:
1604:
1122:
250:
210:
90:(sudden, rapid, nonrhythmic movements). Tic disorders are defined similarly by the
741:
1188:
450:
1327:
360:
149:
307.22 Persistent (chronic) motor or vocal tic disorder (specify motor or vocal)
1199:
688:
1766:
1744:
1739:
1459:
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1352:
1342:
1322:
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572:
319:
218:
206:
69:
860:
1347:
1332:
1229:
1205:
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are frequently misdiagnosed as tics or
Tourette syndrome. The definition of
282:
222:
65:
1114:
991:
868:
825:
760:
706:
654:
580:
491:(Fifth ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing. pp.
458:
1079:
1050:
1761:
1527:
938:"Background: Childhood Habit Behaviors and Stereotypic Movement Disorder"
1145:
369:
Stimulant use as a cause removed: there is no evidence that the use of
1541:
1357:
1157:
1105:
1088:
968:
Plessen KJ (February 2013). "Tic disorders and
Tourette's syndrome".
214:
95:
1246:
1429:
Motor tic, Obsessions and compulsions, Vocal tic
Evaluation Survey
439:
Journal of the
American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
307:
118:
1210:
1087:
Walkup JT, Ferrão Y, Leckman JF, Stein DJ, Singer H (June 2010).
264:
Tic disorders are more commonly diagnosed in males than females.
334:
was removed to help distinguish between stereotypies (common in
1627:
1250:
1372:
200:
87:
363:
diagnoses are present with vocal tics relative to motor tics.
330:
was made consistent for all tic disorders, and the word
907:"DSM-5 provides new take on neurodevelopment disorders"
184:
F95.2 Combined vocal and multiple motor tic disorder
86:(DSM) based on type (motor or phonic) and duration of
488:
405:
114:
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
83:
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
1135:
723:
Black KJ, Black ER, Greene DJ, Schlaggar BL (2016).
140:
307.20 Other specified tic disorder (specify reason)
136:
Tic disorders, in ascending order of severity, are:
1661:
1519:
1488:
1437:
1391:
1315:
1284:
1220:
1139:
59:
35:
666:
664:
205:Tics should be distinguished from other causes of
1549:I Have Tourette's but Tourette's Doesn't Have Me
520:"Highlights of changes from DSM-IV-TR to DSM-5"
718:
716:
285:), tic disorders were classified as follows:
1639:
1262:
8:
1414:Tourette Syndrome Clinical Global Impression
514:
512:
1646:
1632:
1624:
1269:
1255:
1247:
1136:
1089:"Tic disorders: some key issues for DSM-V"
971:European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
963:
961:
959:
957:
955:
806:Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports
677:European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
625:European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
480:
478:
476:
474:
472:
470:
468:
181:F95.1 Chronic motor or vocal tic disorder
41:
32:
1424:Autism—Tics, AD/HD, and other Comorbities
1104:
750:
740:
696:
644:
485:American Psychiatric Association (2013).
1019:Washington University School of Medicine
163:are also classified as motor disorders.
1612:Tic Talk: Living with Tourette Syndrome
394:
27:Range of neurodevelopmental conditions
249:, followed by medication (most often
121:), published in May 2013, classifies
7:
1072:10.1001/archneur.1993.00540100012008
1013:Black, Kevin J. (17 February 2018).
779:National Institutes of Health (NIH)
281:In the fourth revision of the DSM (
157:Developmental coordination disorder
1655:Emotional and behavioral disorders
402:"DSM-IV-TR: Tourette's Disorder".
25:
895:. Retrieved on December 29, 2011.
318:was removed from tic definition:
253:) if the former is unsuccessful.
245:. The first line of treatment is
201:Tic § Differential diagnosis
893:American Psychiatric Association
527:American Psychiatric Association
414:American Psychiatric Association
190:F95.9 Tic disorder, unspecified
1496:Tourette Association of America
1404:Premonitory Urge for Tics Scale
243:management of Tourette syndrome
146:307.21 Provisional tic disorder
143:307.20 Unspecified tic disorder
1399:Yale Global Tic Severity Scale
775:"Tourette Syndrome Fact Sheet"
1:
1752:Stereotypic movement disorder
1686:Emotional/behavioral disorder
1681:Oppositional defiant disorder
1455:Georges Gilles de la Tourette
1307:Societal and cultural aspects
890:Neurodevelopmental disorders.
742:10.12688/f1000research.8428.1
338:disorders) and tic disorders.
324:stereotypic movement disorder
227:obsessive-compulsive disorder
178:F95.0 Transient tic disorder
161:stereotypic movement disorder
1795:Neurodevelopmental disorders
1598:The Secret Life of Lele Pons
451:10.1097/chi.0b013e318068fbcc
1015:"ADHD medications and tics"
905:Moran M (18 January 2013).
561:Asian Journal of Psychiatry
131:neurodevelopmental disorder
1811:
689:10.1007/s00787-021-01832-4
198:
187:F95.8 Other tic disorders
152:307.23 Tourette's disorder
111:The fifth revision of the
1419:Tourette's Disorder Scale
1409:Shapiro TS Severity Scale
984:10.1007/s00787-012-0362-x
923:10.1176/appi.pn.2013.1b11
818:10.1007/s11910-005-0054-8
637:10.1007/s00787-011-0163-7
599:World Health Organization
573:10.1016/j.ajp.2014.05.010
92:World Health Organization
54:
40:
861:10.3810/pgm.2000.10.1257
342:Provisional tic disorder
1511:Yale Child Study Center
1465:Jean Marc Gaspard Itard
344:approximately replaced
303:From DSM-IV-TR to DSM-5
1093:Depression and Anxiety
1037:Dordain G (1986). "".
529:. 2013. Archived from
346:transient tic disorder
18:Transient Tic Disorder
1757:Elimination disorders
1060:Archives of Neurology
849:Postgraduate Medicine
373:causes tic disorders.
199:Further information:
174:diagnosis codes are:
125:and tic disorders as
1663:Emotional/behavioral
936:Ellis CR, Pataki C.
855:(5): 175–6, 179–82.
408:(4th text revision (
1584:Motherless Brooklyn
1445:Jean-Martin Charcot
978:(Suppl 1): S55–60.
536:on February 3, 2013
247:behavioural therapy
80:are defined in the
1697:Social functioning
1692:Separation anxiety
1535:Front of the Class
1292:Causes and origins
1221:External resources
1039:Rev Neurol (Paris)
595:"ICD Version 2006"
237:Education, and a "
1777:
1776:
1726:Tourette syndrome
1621:
1620:
1570:Le Petit Tourette
1480:Arthur K. Shapiro
1368:Sensory phenomena
1278:Tourette syndrome
1244:
1243:
502:978-0-89042-555-8
123:Tourette syndrome
75:
74:
48:
30:Medical condition
16:(Redirected from
1802:
1734:Speech disorders
1702:Selective mutism
1676:Conduct disorder
1648:
1641:
1634:
1625:
1506:Tourettes Action
1475:James F. Leckman
1392:Assessment tools
1363:Premonitory urge
1271:
1264:
1257:
1248:
1137:
1126:
1108:
1106:10.1002/da.20711
1083:
1054:
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1022:
1010:
1004:
1003:
965:
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949:
947:
945:
933:
927:
926:
911:Psychiatric News
902:
896:
887:
881:
880:
844:
838:
837:
801:
795:
794:
792:
790:
785:on 23 March 2005
781:. Archived from
771:
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648:
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541:
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524:
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507:
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482:
463:
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434:
428:
427:
399:
376:New categories,
55:Examples of tics
50:
49:
33:
21:
1810:
1809:
1805:
1804:
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1801:
1800:
1799:
1780:
1779:
1778:
1773:
1657:
1652:
1622:
1617:
1515:
1501:Tourette Canada
1484:
1450:Donald J. Cohen
1433:
1387:
1311:
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1275:
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1240:
1239:
1216:
1215:
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1134:
1129:
1086:
1057:
1036:
1032:
1030:Further reading
1027:
1026:
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1007:
967:
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517:
510:
503:
484:
483:
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435:
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424:
401:
400:
396:
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378:Other specified
336:autism spectrum
305:
279:
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262:
235:
203:
197:
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127:motor disorders
109:
104:
42:
31:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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1556:John's Not Mad
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1477:
1472:
1470:Samuel Johnson
1467:
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1380:
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1338:Echophenomenon
1335:
1330:
1325:
1319:
1317:
1313:
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1304:
1299:
1294:
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1191:
1180:
1165:
1149:
1144:
1143:
1141:
1140:Classification
1133:
1132:External links
1130:
1128:
1127:
1084:
1066:(10): 1013–6.
1055:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1024:
1005:
951:
928:
897:
882:
839:
796:
766:
712:
683:(3): 377–382.
660:
611:
586:
555:Robertson MM,
547:
508:
501:
464:
445:(8): 947–968.
429:
422:
393:
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339:
304:
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239:watch and wait
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129:listed in the
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102:Classification
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38:
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1720:Tic disorders
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1563:Las Estrellas
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1489:Organizations
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1099:(6): 600–10.
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1090:
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1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1045:(11): 803–7.
1044:
1041:(in French).
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815:
812:(5): 329–31.
811:
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729:F1000Research
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631:(4): 173–96.
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36:Tic disorder
1328:Copropraxia
917:(2): 6–23.
567:: 106–113.
382:Unspecified
354:provisional
332:stereotyped
316:stereotyped
219:dyskinesias
1784:Categories
1767:Encopresis
1745:Cluttering
1740:Stuttering
1460:Tim Howard
1383:Tourettism
1353:Palipraxia
1343:Echopraxia
1323:Coprolalia
1302:Management
1195:DiseasesDB
944:October 6,
940:. Medscape
563:(Review).
389:References
371:stimulants
207:tourettism
133:category.
70:psychiatry
1348:Palilalia
1333:Echolalia
1235:neuro/664
1230:eMedicine
1206:SNOMED CT
410:DSM-IV-TR
350:transient
314:The word
283:DSM-IV-TR
277:DSM-IV-TR
233:Treatment
223:myoclonus
195:Diagnosis
66:Neurology
61:Specialty
1762:Enuresis
1528:75 Watts
1211:35042001
1115:20533370
1000:12611042
992:23224240
877:43162987
869:11043089
834:26342334
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789:23 March
761:27158458
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459:17667475
416:. 2000.
361:comorbid
98:codes).
1591:Quit It
1297:History
1189:D013981
1123:5469830
1080:8215958
1051:3547545
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698:8940881
646:3065650
557:Eapen V
540:June 5,
272:History
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167:ICD-10
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1688:(EBD)
1520:Media
1316:Terms
1200:29465
1178:307.2
1119:S2CID
996:S2CID
873:S2CID
830:S2CID
534:(PDF)
523:(PDF)
493:81–85
308:DSM-5
172:ICD10
119:DSM-5
107:DSM-5
1790:Tics
1671:ADHD
1577:Maze
1285:Main
1184:MeSH
1173:9-CM
1111:PMID
1076:PMID
1047:PMID
988:PMID
946:2013
865:PMID
822:PMID
791:2005
757:PMID
703:PMID
651:PMID
606:2007
577:PMID
542:2013
497:ISBN
455:PMID
418:ISBN
380:and
322:and
225:and
159:and
88:tics
1712:DAD
1707:RAD
1373:Tic
1169:ICD
1163:F95
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1101:doi
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