31:
1917:
110:
323:
72:
140:
53:
498:, April 24, 1966 & July 1, 1986 Braniff International Airways system timetables; Jan. 15, 1956 Continental Airlines system timetable; Sept. 30, 1966 Delta Air Lines system timetable; June 1, 1980 Alaska Airlines system timetable; April 24, 1966 United Airlines system timetable; March 2, 1962 National Airlines system timetable; June 1, 1969 Pan Am system timetable
226:
in the scheduled passenger air transport industry involved a "through plane" flight operated by two or more airlines where a single aircraft was used with the individual airlines operating it with their own flight crews on their respective portions of a direct, no-change-of-plane multi-stop flight.
402:
Airlines have extended the hub-and-spoke model in various ways. One method is to create additional hubs on a regional basis, and to create major routes between the hubs. This reduces the need to travel long distances between nodes that are close together. Another method is to use
390:
Airports have a twofold hub function. First, they concentrate passenger traffic into one place for onward transportation. This makes it important for airports to be connected to the surrounding transport infrastructure, including roads, bus services, and railway and
399:. This is a common strategy among network airlines who fly only from limited number of airports and usually will make their customers change planes at one of their hubs if they want to get between two cities the airline does not fly directly between.
313:
in 1978, Delta's hub and spoke paradigm was adopted by several airlines. Many airlines around the world operate hub-and-spoke systems facilitating passenger connections between their respective flights.
283:
previously operated such cooperative "through plane" interchange flights on both domestic and/or international services with these schedules appearing in their respective system timetables.
535:
99:
376:
for public transport have a digital representation of both the stops and transport hubs in a network, to allow them to calculate journeys that include transfers at hubs.
1641:
372:
Journey planning involving transport hubs is more complicated than direct trips, as journeys will typically require a transfer at the hub. Modern electronic
586:
117:
1563:
415:
There are usually three kinds of freight hubs: sea-road, sea-rail, and road-rail, though they can also be sea-road-rail. With the growth of
91:
1555:
531:
34:
1941:
1768:
1687:
733:
458:
579:
338:
309:
adopted the hub and spoke model for overnight package delivery during the 1970s. When the United States airline industry was
1372:
740:
260:
252:
236:
1796:
1758:
690:
603:
552:
420:
1842:
934:
832:
1806:
1697:
1620:
1605:
728:
443:
1738:
1728:
1574:
1465:
572:
423:
has become more efficient, often making multiple legs cheaper than through services—increasing the use of hubs.
30:
1946:
1763:
310:
510:
1867:
1827:
1773:
438:
1525:
1505:
1249:
1244:
996:
87:
83:
491:
1882:
1862:
1677:
1510:
1170:
852:
658:
144:
129:
1857:
1822:
1550:
1520:
1475:
1286:
1165:
879:
842:
663:
268:
240:
95:
1897:
1877:
1692:
1387:
1266:
1059:
1054:
750:
700:
648:
199:
1651:
1452:
1079:
884:
867:
790:
448:
46:
369:, that station often also functions as a transport hub in addition to being a railway station.
1610:
1276:
1211:
1177:
802:
745:
628:
361:. Sections of city streets that are devoted to functioning as transit hubs are referred to as
306:
302:
232:
207:
167:
38:
1921:
1837:
1801:
1791:
1748:
1743:
1723:
1718:
1600:
1545:
1515:
1006:
966:
904:
785:
770:
765:
685:
643:
595:
416:
354:
294:
280:
248:
171:
79:
1916:
1636:
1470:
1306:
1127:
1011:
981:
924:
812:
797:
556:
527:
514:
495:
433:
373:
366:
342:
286:
276:
244:
228:
125:
407:
to implement point-to-point service for high traffic routes, bypassing the hub entirely.
349:, while a major transport hub, often multimodal (bus and rail), may be referred to as a
1852:
1753:
1733:
1569:
1490:
1281:
1206:
1135:
929:
720:
463:
256:
1935:
1902:
1847:
1427:
1407:
1402:
1145:
1031:
914:
874:
862:
755:
621:
392:
346:
298:
290:
179:
175:
133:
113:
57:
42:
395:
systems. Secondly some airports function as intra-modular hubs for the airlines, or
109:
1887:
1872:
1672:
1656:
1646:
1615:
1595:
1579:
1540:
1500:
1495:
1480:
1437:
1160:
939:
847:
760:
675:
638:
468:
362:
322:
1892:
1530:
1392:
1362:
1352:
1140:
1107:
1087:
944:
705:
396:
385:
331:
211:
139:
71:
56:
Underground bus and coach terminal and metro station are located underneath the
548:"A transit center is a major transit hub served by several bus or rail lines."
52:
1832:
1702:
1422:
1417:
1337:
1239:
1117:
1097:
1049:
1016:
986:
951:
894:
822:
817:
780:
710:
695:
670:
653:
616:
404:
195:
549:
1535:
1485:
1432:
1347:
1301:
1271:
1261:
1201:
1155:
1112:
1102:
1021:
991:
976:
919:
775:
633:
334:
connects underground train, local, regional, and interregional bus services.
187:
159:
956:
17:
1367:
1357:
1342:
1332:
1311:
1291:
1256:
1234:
1196:
1187:
1150:
1064:
837:
807:
191:
183:
75:
61:
1682:
1559:
1397:
1327:
1229:
1069:
1041:
971:
961:
857:
453:
327:
203:
148:
65:
1382:
1377:
1296:
1001:
827:
680:
264:
121:
103:
564:
1092:
321:
163:
138:
108:
70:
51:
29:
507:
488:
1457:
1412:
1026:
889:
568:
611:
272:
94:
connections, an inter-city public transport, a city bus and
206:, and truck terminals, or combinations of these. For
1815:
1782:
1711:
1665:
1629:
1588:
1451:
1320:
1220:
1186:
1126:
1078:
1040:
903:
719:
602:
227:In the U.S., a number of air carriers including
341:hubs in public transport include bus stations,
166:are exchanged between vehicles and/or between
27:Place where passengers and cargo are exchanged
580:
8:
293:system for aviation in 1955 from its hub in
587:
573:
565:
517:, March 1, 1981 Western Airlines route map
45:, the busiest transportation hub in the
481:
100:"Solidarity" Szczecin–Goleniów Airport
7:
1759:Transit-oriented development (TOD)
25:
1915:
1769:Transportation demand management
538:from the original on 2005-11-24.
459:Spoke-hub distribution paradigm
301:, in an effort to compete with
508:http://www.departedflights.com
489:http://www.timetableimages.com
339:Intermodal passenger transport
214:functions as an unimodal hub.
1:
741:Autonomous Rail Rapid Transit
261:National Airlines (1934-1980)
253:Frontier Airlines (1950-1986)
237:Braniff International Airways
1797:Passenger information system
421:intermodal freight transport
935:Demand-responsive transport
833:Medium-capacity rail system
1963:
1698:Public transport timetable
729:Passenger rail terminology
444:Intermodal journey planner
383:
1911:
1729:Green transport hierarchy
1466:Automated fare collection
1942:Transportation geography
1764:Transportation authority
550:Tri-Met: Transit Centers
1828:Bus rapid transit creep
1774:Transportation planning
532:"Delta through decades"
439:Infrastructure security
198:. Freight hubs include
1526:Manual fare collection
1506:Farebox recovery ratio
997:Personal rapid transit
335:
180:rapid transit stations
151:
136:
128:transportation hub in
106:
68:
49:
1883:Sustainable transport
1863:Passenger load factor
1678:Clock-face scheduling
1511:Free public transport
1363:Bus turnout (bus bay)
1060:Real-time ridesharing
853:Platform screen doors
325:
145:Leipzig/Halle Airport
142:
130:Boston, Massachusetts
112:
74:
55:
33:
1922:Transport portal
1858:Outline of transport
1551:Reduced fare program
1521:Integrated ticketing
1476:Contract of carriage
1287:Personal transporter
843:Narrow-gauge railway
691:Rail replacement bus
269:Trans World Airlines
241:Continental Airlines
200:classification yards
1898:Transport economics
1693:On-time performance
1688:Night (owl) service
1388:Interchange station
1267:Horse-drawn vehicle
1055:Flexible carpooling
863:Metro/Rapid Transit
365:. In cities with a
224:interchange service
1652:Standing passenger
915:Auto rickshaw taxi
885:Suspension railway
868:Rubber-tyred metro
791:Heritage streetcar
696:Share taxi/Taxibus
555:2010-06-12 at the
513:2016-10-20 at the
494:2017-09-12 at the
449:Junction (traffic)
336:
152:
137:
107:
69:
50:
47:Western Hemisphere
1929:
1928:
1621:Transport network
1611:Non-revenue track
1277:Inclined elevator
1212:Inclined elevator
1178:Inclined elevator
803:Higher-speed rail
746:Airport rail link
629:Bus rapid transit
303:Eastern Air Lines
233:American Airlines
222:Historically, an
208:private transport
158:is a place where
39:Midtown Manhattan
16:(Redirected from
1954:
1920:
1919:
1838:Destination sign
1802:Platform display
1792:Destination sign
1749:Transit district
1744:Street hierarchy
1724:Complete streets
1719:Airport security
1601:Cross-city route
1546:Proof-of-payment
1516:Free travel pass
1007:Public light bus
967:Hackney carriage
786:Heritage railway
771:Elevated railway
766:Cross-city route
686:Public light bus
644:Cross-city route
596:Public transport
589:
582:
575:
566:
559:
546:
540:
539:
524:
518:
505:
499:
486:
417:containerization
374:journey planners
355:American English
351:transport centre
343:railway stations
318:Public transport
295:Atlanta, Georgia
281:Western Airlines
249:Eastern Airlines
176:railway stations
172:Public transport
80:Port of Szczecin
21:
1962:
1961:
1957:
1956:
1955:
1953:
1952:
1951:
1947:Transit centers
1932:
1931:
1930:
1925:
1914:
1907:
1811:
1784:
1778:
1707:
1661:
1637:Checked baggage
1625:
1584:
1471:Bus advertising
1455:
1447:
1316:
1307:Trackless train
1250:Scooter-sharing
1245:Bicycle-sharing
1222:
1216:
1182:
1122:
1074:
1036:
1012:Pulled rickshaw
982:Motorcycle taxi
925:Combination bus
906:
899:
813:Inter-city rail
798:High-speed rail
715:
598:
593:
563:
562:
557:Wayback Machine
547:
543:
528:Delta Air Lines
526:
525:
521:
515:Wayback Machine
506:
502:
496:Wayback Machine
487:
483:
478:
473:
434:Central station
429:
413:
388:
382:
367:central station
320:
287:Delta Air Lines
277:United Airlines
245:Delta Air Lines
229:Alaska Airlines
220:
168:transport modes
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1960:
1958:
1950:
1949:
1944:
1934:
1933:
1927:
1926:
1912:
1909:
1908:
1906:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1853:Land transport
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1819:
1817:
1813:
1812:
1810:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1788:
1786:
1780:
1779:
1777:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1754:Transit police
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1734:Rail subsidies
1731:
1726:
1721:
1715:
1713:
1709:
1708:
1706:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1669:
1667:
1663:
1662:
1660:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1633:
1631:
1627:
1626:
1624:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1606:Network length
1603:
1598:
1592:
1590:
1586:
1585:
1583:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1570:Ticket machine
1567:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1491:Fare avoidance
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1462:
1460:
1449:
1448:
1446:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1373:Ferry terminal
1370:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1324:
1322:
1318:
1317:
1315:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1282:Moving walkway
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1253:
1252:
1247:
1237:
1232:
1226:
1224:
1218:
1217:
1215:
1214:
1209:
1207:Moving walkway
1204:
1199:
1193:
1191:
1184:
1183:
1181:
1180:
1175:
1174:
1173:
1168:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1136:Aerial tramway
1132:
1130:
1124:
1123:
1121:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1084:
1082:
1076:
1075:
1073:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1046:
1044:
1038:
1037:
1035:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
989:
984:
979:
974:
969:
964:
959:
954:
949:
948:
947:
942:
932:
930:Cycle rickshaw
927:
922:
917:
911:
909:
901:
900:
898:
897:
892:
887:
882:
880:Street running
877:
872:
871:
870:
860:
855:
850:
845:
840:
835:
830:
825:
820:
815:
810:
805:
800:
795:
794:
793:
783:
778:
773:
768:
763:
758:
753:
748:
743:
738:
737:
736:
725:
723:
717:
716:
714:
713:
708:
703:
698:
693:
688:
683:
678:
673:
668:
667:
666:
656:
651:
646:
641:
636:
631:
626:
625:
624:
619:
608:
606:
600:
599:
594:
592:
591:
584:
577:
569:
561:
560:
541:
519:
500:
480:
479:
477:
474:
472:
471:
466:
464:Transit desert
461:
456:
451:
446:
441:
436:
430:
428:
425:
412:
409:
384:Main article:
381:
378:
359:transit center
347:metro stations
319:
316:
289:pioneered the
257:Hughes Airwest
219:
216:
96:electric trams
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1959:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1939:
1937:
1924:
1923:
1918:
1910:
1904:
1903:Micromobility
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1848:Hail and ride
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1820:
1818:
1814:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1789:
1787:
1781:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1716:
1714:
1710:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1670:
1668:
1664:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1634:
1632:
1628:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1593:
1591:
1587:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1463:
1461:
1459:
1454:
1450:
1444:
1443:Transport hub
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1428:Train station
1426:
1424:
1423:Taxicab stand
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1408:Park and ride
1406:
1404:
1403:Metro station
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1325:
1323:
1319:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1242:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1227:
1225:
1219:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1185:
1179:
1176:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1163:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1146:Cable railway
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1131:
1129:
1125:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1085:
1083:
1081:
1077:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1039:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
993:
990:
988:
985:
983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
970:
968:
965:
963:
960:
958:
955:
953:
950:
946:
943:
941:
938:
937:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
921:
918:
916:
913:
912:
910:
908:
902:
896:
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
876:
875:Regional rail
873:
869:
866:
865:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
824:
821:
819:
816:
814:
811:
809:
806:
804:
801:
799:
796:
792:
789:
788:
787:
784:
782:
779:
777:
774:
772:
769:
767:
764:
762:
759:
757:
756:Commuter rail
754:
752:
749:
747:
744:
742:
739:
735:
732:
731:
730:
727:
726:
724:
722:
718:
712:
709:
707:
704:
702:
699:
697:
694:
692:
689:
687:
684:
682:
679:
677:
674:
672:
669:
665:
662:
661:
660:
659:Intercity bus
657:
655:
652:
650:
647:
645:
642:
640:
637:
635:
632:
630:
627:
623:
620:
618:
615:
614:
613:
610:
609:
607:
605:
601:
597:
590:
585:
583:
578:
576:
571:
570:
567:
558:
554:
551:
545:
542:
537:
533:
529:
523:
520:
516:
512:
509:
504:
501:
497:
493:
490:
485:
482:
475:
470:
467:
465:
462:
460:
457:
455:
452:
450:
447:
445:
442:
440:
437:
435:
432:
431:
426:
424:
422:
418:
410:
408:
406:
400:
398:
394:
393:rapid transit
387:
379:
377:
375:
370:
368:
364:
363:transit malls
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
333:
332:Finch Station
329:
324:
317:
315:
312:
308:
304:
300:
299:United States
296:
292:
291:hub and spoke
288:
284:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
225:
217:
215:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
174:hubs include
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
156:transport hub
150:
146:
141:
135:
134:United States
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
114:South Station
111:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
67:
63:
59:
58:Kamppi Center
54:
48:
44:
43:New York City
40:
36:
32:
19:
1913:
1888:Timing point
1873:Request stop
1816:Other topics
1673:Bus bunching
1657:Travel class
1616:Radial route
1596:Circle route
1580:Transit pass
1541:Penalty fare
1501:Fare evasion
1496:Fare capping
1481:Dead mileage
1442:
1438:Transit mall
1161:Gondola lift
940:Microtransit
848:People mover
761:Circle route
676:Open top bus
639:Circle route
544:
522:
503:
484:
469:Transit mall
414:
405:focus cities
401:
397:airline hubs
389:
371:
358:
350:
337:
326:In suburban
285:
223:
221:
210:by car, the
202:, airports,
155:
153:
98:network and
35:Penn Station
1893:Transit map
1868:Public good
1785:and signage
1642:First class
1556:Smart cards
1531:Money train
1393:Kassel kerb
1353:Bus station
1141:Cable ferry
1108:Ocean liner
1088:Cable ferry
945:Paratransit
706:Transit bus
701:Shuttle bus
649:Express bus
604:Bus service
386:Airline hub
311:deregulated
212:parking lot
196:ferry slips
18:Transit hub
1936:Categories
1843:Dwell time
1833:Crush load
1783:Technology
1703:Short turn
1666:Scheduling
1630:Facilities
1418:Queue jump
1338:Bus garage
1240:Carsharing
1118:Water taxi
1098:Hovercraft
1050:Car jockey
1042:Carpooling
1017:Share taxi
987:Marshrutka
952:Dollar van
895:Tram-train
823:Light rail
818:Interurban
781:Heavy rail
711:Trolleybus
671:Marshrutka
654:Guided bus
476:References
188:tram stops
160:passengers
88:expressway
1807:Timetable
1536:Paid area
1486:Exit fare
1453:Ticketing
1433:Tram stop
1348:Bus stand
1321:Locations
1302:Slope car
1272:Hyperloop
1262:Escalator
1223:transport
1202:Escalator
1190:transport
1156:Funicular
1113:Vaporetto
1103:Hydrofoil
1022:Songthaew
992:Nanny van
977:Limousine
920:Boda boda
776:Funicular
751:Cable car
634:Charabanc
184:bus stops
126:Greyhound
1823:Boarding
1739:Security
1712:Politics
1575:Transfer
1368:Dry dock
1358:Bus stop
1343:Bus lane
1333:Bus bulb
1312:Vactrain
1292:Robotaxi
1257:Elevator
1235:Airliner
1197:Elevator
1188:Building
1171:tricable
1151:Elevator
1065:Slugging
907:for hire
905:Vehicles
838:Monorail
808:Horsecar
734:glossary
553:Archived
536:Archived
511:Archived
492:Archived
427:See also
380:Airports
204:seaports
192:airports
143:DHL hub
84:motorway
76:Szczecin
62:Helsinki
1878:Service
1683:Headway
1647:Sleeper
1589:Routing
1564:Calypso
1560:CIPURSE
1398:Layover
1328:Airport
1230:Airline
1166:bicable
1070:Vanpool
1032:Tuk tuk
972:Jeepney
962:Gondola
858:Railbus
454:Layover
411:Freight
357:, as a
353:or, in
328:Toronto
218:History
149:Germany
92:railway
66:Finland
1383:Harbor
1378:Hangar
1297:Shweeb
1002:Pesero
957:Dolmuş
828:Maglev
681:Pesero
664:driver
617:driver
265:Pan Am
194:, and
124:, and
122:Amtrak
104:Poland
1458:fares
1221:Other
1128:Cable
1093:Ferry
307:FedEx
164:cargo
116:, an
1456:and
1413:Port
1080:Ship
1027:Taxi
890:Tram
721:Rail
622:list
345:and
279:and
162:and
118:MBTA
90:and
612:Bus
275:),
273:TWA
60:in
37:in
1938::
1562:,
534:.
530:.
419:,
330:,
305:.
297:,
267:,
263:,
259:,
255:,
251:,
247:,
243:,
239:,
235:,
231:,
190:,
186:,
182:,
178:,
170:.
154:A
147:,
132:,
120:,
102:,
86:,
82:,
78::
64:,
41:,
1566:)
1558:(
588:e
581:t
574:v
271:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.