Public transport - Knowledge (XXG)

2072: 1231: 52: 503: 1368:) due to the complexity of automation. A fully implemented system might provide most of the convenience of individual automobiles with the efficiency of public transit. The crucial innovation is that the automated vehicles carry just a few passengers, turn off the guideway to pick up passengers (permitting other PRT vehicles to continue at full speed), and drop them off to the location of their choice (rather than at a stop). Conventional transit simulations show that PRT might attract many auto users in problematic medium-density urban areas. A number of experimental systems are in progress. One might compare personal rapid transit to the more labor-intensive 61: 884: 683: 1708: 987: 72: 1475: 1023: 808: 2109:(read as person kilometer or passenger kilometer). In terms of energy consumption, public transportation is better than individual transport in a personal vehicle. In England, bus and rail are popular methods of public transportation, especially in London. Rail provides rapid movement into and out of the city of London while busing helps to provide transport within the city itself. As of 2006–2007, the total energy cost of London's trains was 15 kWh per 100 p-km, about 5 times better than a personal car. 1527: 1961: 1347: 2146: 764: 1934:). The injury and death rate for public transit is roughly one-tenth that of automobile travel. A 2014 study noted that "residents of transit-oriented communities have about one-fifth the per capita crash casualty rate as in automobile-oriented communities" and that "Transit also tends to have lower overall crime rates than automobile travel, and transit improvements can help reduce overall crime risk by improving surveillance and economic opportunities for at-risk populations." 794: 2177:. Public land planning for public transportation can be difficult but it is the State and Regional organizations that are responsible to planning and improving public transportation roads and routes. With public land prices booming, there must be a plan to using the land most efficiently for public transportation in order to create better transportation systems. Inefficient land use and poor planning leads to a decrease in accessibility to jobs, education, and health care. 1261: 1170: 5817: 2283: 337: 1719: 1298: 1561: 823: 1679:. Coordination between services at interchange points is important to reduce the total travel time for passengers. This can be done by coordinating shuttle services with main routes, or by creating a fixed time (for instance twice per hour) when all bus and rail routes meet at a station and exchange passengers. There is often a potential conflict between this objective and optimising the utilisation of vehicles and drivers. 2053:

hydrocarbons (NMHCs), and other gases identified as harmful to the environment. The figure below is a computer simulation showing the results of the study "with 2 January showing the lowest concentrations as a result of decreased activity in the city during the holiday season. 9 January showed the highest NMHC concentrations because of increased vehicular activity in the city due to a public transportation strike."

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private transport. Investments in infrastructure are expensive and make up a substantial part of the total costs in systems that are new or expanding. Once built, the infrastructure will require operating and maintenance costs, adding to the total cost of public transport. Sometimes governments subsidize infrastructure by providing it free of charge, just as is common with roads for automobiles.

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and London have seen this decline and have attempted to intervene by cutting fares and encouraging new modes of transportation, such as e-scooters and e-bikes. Because of the reduced emissions and other environmental impacts of using public transportation over private transportation, many experts have pointed to an increased investment in public transit as an important

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conditions (SCC at US$ 150/ton and SIC at US$ 140 million/km), but this figure drops to 294 cities with more pessimistic assumptions. Despite high costs—about US$ 200 million per kilometer for construction—subways offer substantial co-benefits, such as reduced traffic congestion and improved public health, making them a strategic investment for

409:, typically managed on a schedule, operated on established routes, and that may charge a posted fee for each trip. There is no rigid definition of which kinds of transport are included, and air travel is often not thought of when discussing public transport—dictionaries use wording like "buses, trains, etc." Examples of public transport include 1581: 2060:. This initiative attempts to relocate new jobs into areas with higher public transportation accessibility. The initiative cites the use of public transportation as being a means of reducing traffic congestion, providing an economic boost to the areas of job relocation, and most importantly, contributing to a green environment by reducing 3907: 741:(seats, toilets, services), and can thus be scheduled and used pleasurably, productively or for (overnight) rest. Chauffeured movement is enjoyed by many people when it is relaxing, safe, but not too monotonous. Waiting, interchanging, stops and holdups, for example due to traffic or for security, are discomforting. 1975:

buses and light rail has also enabled greater access for the disabled in mobility. In recent decades low-floor access has been incorporated into modern designs for vehicles. In economically deprived areas, public transport increases individual accessibility to transport where private means are unaffordable.

1504:. Ferries form a part of the public transport systems of many waterside cities and islands, allowing direct transit between points at a capital cost much lower than bridges or tunnels, though at a lower speed. Ship connections of much larger distances (such as over long distances in water bodies like the 1888:

Some supporters of mass transit believe that use of taxpayer capital to fund mass transit will ultimately save taxpayer money in other ways, and therefore, state-funded mass transit is a benefit to the taxpayer. Some research has supported this position, but the measurement of benefits and costs is a

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Many cities around the world have introduced electric bikes and scooters to their public transport infrastructure. For example, in the Netherlands many individuals use e-bikes to replace their car commutes. In major American cities, start-up companies such as Uber and Lyft have implemented e-scooters

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Dense areas with mixed-land uses promote daily public transport use while urban sprawl is associated with sporadic public transport use. A recent European multi-city survey found that dense urban environments, reliable and affordable public transport services, and limiting motorized vehicles in high

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In order to compare energy impact of public transportation to private transportation, the amount of energy per passenger mile must be calculated. The reason that comparing the energy expenditure per person is necessary is to normalize the data for easy comparison. Here, the units are in per 100 p-km

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was built for 11 miles of track for the Union Passenger Railway in Tallahassee, Florida, in 1888. Electric streetcars could carry heavier passenger loads than predecessors, which reduced fares and stimulated greater transit use. Two years after the Richmond success, over thirty two thousand electric

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Although relatively safe and secure, public perceptions that transit systems are dangerous endure. A 2014 study stated that "Various factors contribute to the under-appreciation of transit safety benefits, including the nature of transit travel, dramatic news coverage of transit crashes and crimes,

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on conventional roads to carry numerous passengers on shorter journeys. Buses operate with low capacity (compared with trams or trains), and can operate on conventional roads, with relatively inexpensive bus stops to serve passengers. Therefore, buses are commonly used in smaller cities, towns, and

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In recent years, some high-wealth cities have seen a decline in public transport usage. A number of sources attribute this trend to the rise in popularity of remote work, ride-sharing services, and car loans being relatively cheap across many countries. Major cities such as Toronto, Paris, Chicago,

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is typically not taxed), bailouts if companies that are likely to collapse (often applied to airlines) and reduction of competition through licensing schemes (often applied to taxis and airlines). Private transport is normally subsidized indirectly through free roads and infrastructure, as well as

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Seven criteria estimate the usability of different types of public transport and its overall appeal. The criteria are speed, comfort, safety, cost, proximity, timeliness and directness. Speed is calculated from total journey time including transfers. Proximity means how far passengers must walk or

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The consequences for wider society and civic life, is public transport breaks down social and cultural barriers between people in public life. An important social role played by public transport is to ensure that all members of society are able to travel without walking or cycling, not just those

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For busing in London, it was 32 kWh per 100 p-km, or about 2.5 times that of a personal car. This includes lighting, depots, inefficiencies due to capacity (i.e., the train or bus may not be operating at full capacity at all times), and other inefficiencies. Efficiencies of transport in Japan in

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Public transport is means of independent transport for individuals (without walking or bicycling) such as children too young to drive, the elderly without access to cars, those who do not hold a drivers license, and the infirm such as wheelchair users. Kneeling buses, low-floor access boarding on

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system in America. Before electric streetcars, steam powered subways were considered. However, most people believed that riders would avoid the smoke filled subway tunnels from the steam engines. In 1894, Boston built the first subway in the United States, an electric streetcar line in a 1.5-mile

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Above that, public transportation opens to its users the possibility of meeting other people, as no concentration is diverted from interacting with fellow-travelers due to any steering activities. Adding to the above-said, public transport becomes a location of inter-social encounters across all

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Subsidies may take the form of direct payments for financially unprofitable services, but support may also include indirect subsidies. For example, the government may allow free or reduced-cost use of state-owned infrastructure such as railways and roads, to stimulate public transport's economic

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compared to automobiles. A study conducted in Milan, Italy, in 2004 during and after a transportation strike serves to illustrate the impact that mass transportation has on the environment. Air samples were taken between 2 and 9 January, and then tested for methane, carbon monoxide, non-methane

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otherwise travel before they can begin the public transport leg of their journey and how close it leaves them to their desired destination. Timeliness is how long they must wait for the vehicle. Directness records how far a journey using public transport deviates from a passenger's ideal route.

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All public transport runs on infrastructure, either on roads, rail, airways or seaways. The infrastructure can be shared with other modes, freight and private transport, or it can be dedicated to public transport. The latter is especially valuable in cases where there are capacity problems for

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An airline provides scheduled service with aircraft between airports. Air travel has high speeds, but incurs large waiting times before and after travel, and is therefore often only feasible over longer distances or in areas where a lack of surface infrastructure makes other modes of transport

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by approximately 50% in the cities they serve, contributing to an 11% global reduction. The study also explores potential expansion in 1,214 urban areas lacking subways, suggesting a potential emission cut by up to 77%. Economically, subways are viable in 794 cities under optimistic financial

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is passenger trains operating significantly faster than conventional rail—typically defined as at least 200 kilometres per hour (120 mph). The most predominant systems have been built in Europe and East Asia, and compared with air travel, offer long-distance rail journeys as quick as air

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Public transportation also provides an arena to test environmentally friendly fuel alternatives, such as hydrogen-powered vehicles. Swapping out materials to create lighter public transportation vehicles with the same or better performance will increase environmental friendliness of public

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with people resorting to walking or cycling. Post-quarantine, upon renovating public transport infrastructure, public transport such as minibus taxis were assigned specific routes. The situation was difficult in cities where people are heavily dependent on the public transport system. In

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Multi-use tickets allow travel more than once. In addition to return tickets, this includes period cards allowing travel within a certain area (for instance month cards), or to travel a specified number of trips or number of days that can be chosen within a longer period of time (called

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transportation vehicles while maintaining current standards or improving them. Informing the public about the positive environmental effects of using public transportation in addition to pointing out the potential economic benefit is an important first step towards making a difference.

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also had inadequate bus services relative to demand and longer wait times due to social distancing restrictions and planned to deploy more buses. Both Addis Ababa and Kampala aim to improve walking and cycling infrastructures in the future as means of commuting complementary to buses.

865:(long-distance buses) for suburb-to-CBD or longer-distance transportation. The vehicles are normally equipped with more comfortable seating, a separate luggage compartment, video and possibly also a toilet. They have higher standards than city buses, but a limited stopping pattern. 1432:, gondola lifts are now finding increased consumption and utilization in many urban areas—built specifically for the purposes of mass transit. Many, if not all, of these systems are implemented and fully integrated within existing public transportation networks. Examples include 1185:

from other traffic. Heavy rail is a high-capacity form of rail transit, with 4 to 10 units forming a train, and can be the most expensive form of transit to build. Modern heavy rail systems are mostly driverless, which allows for higher frequencies and less maintenance cost.

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Governments frequently opt to subsidize public transport for social, environmental or economic reasons. Common motivations include the desire to provide transport to people who are unable to use an automobile and to reduce congestion, land use and automobile emissions.

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Interchanges are locations where passengers can switch from one public transport route to another. This may be between vehicles of the same mode (like a bus interchange), or e.g. between bus and train. It can be between local and intercity transport (such as at a

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Trams (also known as streetcars) are railborne vehicles that run in city streets or dedicated tracks. They have higher capacity than buses, but must follow dedicated infrastructure with rails and wires either above or below the track, limiting their flexibility.

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1999 were 68 kWh per 100 p-km for a personal car, 19 kWh per 100 p-km for a bus, 6 kWh per 100 p-km for rail, 51 kWh per 100 p-km for air, and 57 kWh per 100 p-km for sea. These numbers from either country can be used in energy comparison calculations or

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pandemic had a substantial effect on public transport systems, infrastructures and revenues in various cities across the world. The pandemic negatively impacted public transport usage by imposing social distancing, remote work, or unemployment in the

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emissions in more ways than simply travel as public transportation can help to alleviate traffic congestion as well as promote more efficient land use. When all three of these are considered, it is estimated that 37 million metric tons of

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found that public transportation in the U.S. uses approximately half the fuel required by cars, SUVs and light trucks. In addition, the study noted that "private vehicles emit about 95 percent more carbon monoxide, 92 percent more

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complex and controversial issue. A lack of mass transit results in more traffic, pollution, and road construction to accommodate more vehicles, all costly to taxpayers; providing mass transit will therefore alleviate these costs.

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Urban space is a precious commodity and public transport utilises it more efficiently than a car dominant society, allowing cities to be built more compactly than if they were dependent on automobile transport. If

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is long-haul passenger services that connect multiple urban areas. They have few stops, and aim at high average speeds, typically only making one of a few stops per city. These services may also be international.

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Using public transportation can result in a reduction of an individual's carbon footprint. A single person, 20-mile (32 km) round trip by car can be replaced using public transportation and result in a net

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Light rail is a redevelopment (and use) of the tram, with dedicated right-of-way not shared with other traffic, (often) step-free access and increased speed. Light rail lines are, thus, essentially modernized

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People movers are a special term for grade-separated rail which uses vehicles that are smaller and shorter in size. These systems are generally used only in a small area such as a theme park or an airport.

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are available for multiple transit systems that provide timetables and other service information and, in some cases, allow ticket purchase, some allowing to plan your journey, with time fares zones e.g.

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by businesses. Several mid-size European cities and many smaller towns around the world have converted their entire bus networks to zero-fare. The only European capitals with free public transport are

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In the United States, trams were commonly used prior to the 1930s, before being superseded by the bus. In modern public transport systems, they have been reintroduced in the form of the light rail.

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for the operators. Tickets may be bought either in advance, or at the time of the journey, or the carrier may allow both methods. Passengers may be issued with a paper ticket, a metal or plastic

3250: 2237:. It caused a 79% drop in public transport riders at the beginning of 2020. This trend continued throughout the year with a 65% reduced ridership as compared to previous years. Similarly in 956:

Passenger rail transport is the conveyance of passengers by means of wheeled vehicles specially designed to run on railways. Trains allow high capacity at most distance scales, but require

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competitiveness over private transport, that normally also has free infrastructure (subsidized through such things as gas taxes). Other subsidies include tax advantages (for instance

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Land development schemes may be initialized, where operators are given the rights to use lands near stations, depots, or tracks for property development. For instance, in Hong Kong,

1201:. More than 160 cities have rapid transit systems, totalling more than 8,000 km (4,971 mi) of track and 7,000 stations. Twenty-five cities have systems under construction. 4226: 1866:

incentives to build car factories and, on occasion, directly via bailouts of automakers. Subsidies also may take the form of initial or increased tolls for drivers, such as the

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Cable-propelled transit (CPT) is a transit technology that moves people in motor-less, engine-less vehicles that are propelled by a steel cable. There are two sub-groups of CPT—

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social distancing requirements led to fifty percent occupancy restrictions, but as the pandemic situation improved, the occupancy limit was increased to meet popular demands.

1842:. Local zero-fare shuttles or inner-city loops are far more common than city-wide systems. There are also zero-fare airport circulators and university transportation systems. 4294: 3446: 2199:

with a driving license and access to an automobile—which include groups such as the young, the old, the poor, those with medical conditions, and people banned from driving.

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is a name given by policy makers to places where those without access to a private vehicle do not have access to independent mobility. This dependency contributes to the

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Most public transport systems run along fixed routes with set embarkation/disembarkation points to a prearranged timetable, with the most frequent services running to a

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offer on-demand services in many parts of the world, which may compete with fixed public transport lines, or complement them, by bringing passengers to interchanges.

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systems. Frequency may be up to several times per hour, and commuter rail systems may either be part of the national railway or operated by local transit agencies.

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is normally provided without charge to users because it is cheaper to operate than mechanised transit systems that use sophisticated equipment and do not use

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Although there is continuing debate as to the true efficiency of different modes of transportation, mass transit is generally regarded as significantly more

4198: 1317:, monorail systems usually use overhead single tracks, either mounted directly on the track supports or put in an overhead design with the train suspended. 471:

Urban public transit differs distinctly among Asia, North America, and Europe. In Asia, profit-driven, privately owned and publicly traded mass transit and

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emissions by 3.9 million metric tons and that the resulting traffic congestion reduction accounts for an additional 3.0 million metric tons of CO

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allowing free and unlimited travel within a system is sometimes granted to particular social sectors, for example students, elderly, children, employees (

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The main sources of financing are ticket revenue, government subsidies and advertising. The percentage of revenue from passenger charges is known as the

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A rapid transit railway system (also called a metro, underground, heavy rail, or subway) operates in an urban area with high capacity and frequency, and

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In the 2023 study titled "Subways and CO₂ Emissions: A Global Analysis with Satellite Data," research reveals that subway systems significantly reduce

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transit agency messages that unintentionally emphasize risks without providing information on its overall safety, and biased traffic safety analysis."

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In March 2020, Luxembourg abolished fares for trains, trams and buses and became the first country in the world to make all public transport free.

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tunnel under Tremont Street's retail district. Other cities quickly followed, constructing thousands of miles of subway in the following decades.

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Certain types of buses, styled after old-style streetcars, are also called trackless trolleys, but are built on the same platforms as a typical

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A developed country is not a place where the poor have cars; it's where the rich use public transport —Enrique Penalosa, former mayor of Bogotá

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Some systems attract vagrants who use the stations or trains as sleeping shelters, though most operators have practices that discourage this.

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Systems are able to transport large numbers of people quickly over short distances with little land use. Variations of rapid transit include

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is a human constraint discouraging frequent rapid long-distance east–west commuting, favoring modern telecommunications and VR technologies.

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A report published by the UK National Infrastructure Commission in 2018 states that "cycling is mass transit and must be treated as such."

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For geographical, historical and economic reasons, differences exist internationally regarding the use and extent of public transport. The

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most commonly run mass transit operations. In Europe, both state-owned and private companies predominantly operate mass transit systems.

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Based on the benefits of public transport, the green movement has affected public policy. For example, the state of New Jersey released

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impossible. Bush airlines work more similarly to bus stops; an aircraft waits for passengers and takes off when the aircraft is full.

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will be saved annually. Another study claims that using public transit instead of private in the U.S. in 2005 would have reduced CO

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which began in the 5th century BCE. Whether or not those canals were used for for-hire public transport remains unknown; the

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generate additional profits from land development to partially cover the cost of the construction of the urban rail system.

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The tickets may have to be shown or checked automatically at the station platform or when boarding, or during the ride by a

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specifies that public transportation is within urban areas, but does not limit its discussion of the topic to urban areas.

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Lim, Jae Young; Moon, Kuk-Kyoung (January 2022). "The Implications of Political Trust for Supporting Public Transport".

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Buses, trains, and other forms of transport that are available to the public, charge set fares, and run on fixed routes.

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Relative to other forms of transportation, public transit is safe (with a low crash risk) and secure (with low rates of

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Dasgupta, S., Lall, S., & Wheeler, D. (2023). Subways and CO2 emissions: A global analysis with satellite data.

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Barletta, Barbara; Dabdub, Donald; Blake, Donald R.; Rowand, F. Sherwood; Nissenson, Paul; Meinardi, Simone (2008).

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A survey by the European Development Bank found that a majority of Europeans wanted to prioritize public transit in

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ticket). Passes aimed at tourists, allowing free or discounted entry at many tourist attractions, typically include

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system allows riders to enter the vehicles without showing the ticket, but riders may or may not be controlled by a

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This article is about nonexclusive shared passenger journeys for the public. For hired vehicles or hired rides, see

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Todd Davis; Monica Hale. "Public Transportation's Contribution to U.S. Greenhouse Gas Reduction." Sept. 2007. p. 25

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Science and Civilization in China: Volume 4, Physics and Physical Technology, Part 3, Civil Engineering and Nautics

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declined by 95% and 85% respectively. A 55% drop in public transport ridership as compared to 2019 was reported in

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and about twice as much carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxide than public vehicles for every passenger mile traveled".

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concluded that expanded access to public transit has no meaningful impact on automobile volume in the long term.

2166: 2134: 2076: 2027: 1925: 491: 301: 272: 242: 151: 2691: 1784:. Operators may choose to control all riders, allowing sale of the ticket at the time of ride. Alternatively, a 60: 6337: 6233: 6042: 5989: 5839: 5663: 4406:"Diesel versus compressed natural gas in Transmilenio-Bogotá: innovation, precaution, and distribution of risk" 3711: 2125: 1655:) are provided by the transport operator to allow users to plan their journeys. They are often supplemented by 1453: 1235: 426: 3405: 1433: 596: 3315: 2838: 1792:; if the rider fails to show proof of payment, the operator may fine the rider at the magnitude of the fare. 1765:

Tickets may be valid for a single (or return) trip, or valid within a certain area for a period of time (see

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Services are often arranged to operate at regular intervals throughout the day or part of the day (known as

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services are funded in full by means other than collecting a fare from passengers, normally through heavy

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Gascon, Mireia (August 2020). "What explains public transport use? Evidence from seven European cities".

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and rental income from stores and vendors, parking fees, and leasing tunnels and rights-of-way to carry

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from the 17th century onwards. The canal itself as a form of infrastructure dates back to antiquity. In

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saved. This is a total savings of about 6.9 million metric tons per year given the 2005 values.

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The Great American Transit Disaster: A Century of Austerity, Auto-centric Planning, and White Flight

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services, have lower prices to compete more effectively and use electricity instead of combustion.

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emissions reduction of 4,800 pounds (2,200 kg) per year. Using public transportation saves CO

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that are located to serve a smaller suburban or town center. The stations are often combined with

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is an ambiguous term used for buses operating on dedicated right-of-way, much like a light rail.

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Lyndsey Layton, "Study Lists Mass Transit Benefits", The Washington Post, 17 July 2002, Page B05

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bus; these are more often used for tourist rides than commuting and tend to be privately owned.

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David JC MacKay. "Sustainable Energy Without the Hot Air." 2009. p. 121 www.withouthotair.com

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David JC MacKay. "Sustainable Energy Without the Hot Air." 2009. p. 120 www.withouthotair.com

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density areas of the cities will help achieve much needed promotion of public transport use.

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within the city. Period tickets may be for a particular route (in both directions), or for a

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Cycle Superhighway CS6 is part of Central London's Cycle Network mass transit infrastructure.

6245: 6092: 6060: 5873: 5821: 5737: 5701: 5691: 5648: 5643: 5623: 5618: 5500: 5445: 5415: 4906: 4866: 4804: 4685: 4670: 4665: 4585: 4543: 4026: 4018: 3878: 3745: 3648: 3512: 3501: 3092: 2873: 2869: 2593: 2583: 2514: 2382: 2377: 2362: 2288: 2204: 1809: 1785: 1718: 1692: 1592: 1551: 1457: 1441: 1314: 1297: 1182: 1039:

is an all-encompassing term for various types of local rail systems, such as these examples

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streetcars were operating in America. Electric streetcars also paved the way for the first

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Check with your transport operator: bus, coach, tram and ferry operators/National Rail/TfL

2282: 1882: 1631: 1406: 1128: 1004: 981: 711: 628: 530: 526: 450: 336: 161: 4332:

Hess, D. 2007. "What is a clean bus? Object conflicts in the greening of urban transit."

2505:

McLeod, Sam (2017). "Urban Public Transport: Planning Principles and Emerging Practice".

591:, the first organized public transit system within a city, appears to have originated in 468:

is sometimes used in areas of low demand and for people who need a door-to-door service.

3874: 3155: 2462:

a system of buses, trains, etc., running on fixed routes, on which the public may travel

1758:). Sometimes a ticket has to be validated, e.g. a paper ticket has to be stamped, or an 1497: 599:(English: five-sol coaches), which have been developed by mathematician and philosopher 475:

conglomerates predominantly operate public transit systems. In North America, municipal

6293: 6262: 6250: 6218: 6160: 6125: 6120: 6052: 5914: 5909: 5862: 5752: 5653: 5633: 5469: 5390: 5181: 5106: 5035: 4829: 4620: 3972:"Riding into a greener future: How widespread use of subways could slash CO₂ emissions" 3125: 2372: 2263: 2254: 2170: 2061: 2045: 2002: 1389: 1136: 1109: 997: 977: 940: 928: 816: 767: 734: 446: 206: 171: 3421:"Auto bailout talk is history repeating | Marketplace From American Public Media" 945: 822: 640:

England, the first public steam railway in the world. The world's first steam-powered

6365: 6303: 6228: 6180: 6005: 5964: 5959: 5939: 5929: 5802: 5747: 5342: 5327: 5307: 5302: 5045: 4931: 4814: 4774: 4762: 4655: 4521: 4255:"Coronavirus: Transport for London furloughs 7,000 staff as fare revenue plunges 90%" 4040: 3757: 2705: 2526: 2297: 2234: 1955: 1862: 1773:

is based on the travel class, either depending on the traveled distance, or based on

1620: 1174: 1148: 1121: 1113: 1101: 1080: 1056: 1048: 965: 758: 653: 600: 561: 430: 201: 106: 102: 4090: 3890: 2665: 1153: 572:

cataract. The Chinese also built canals for water transportation as far back as the

6288: 6223: 6175: 6170: 6102: 5979: 5974: 5787: 5772: 5572: 5556: 5546: 5515: 5495: 5479: 5440: 5400: 5395: 5380: 5337: 5060: 4839: 4747: 4660: 4575: 4538: 4382: 3882: 2367: 2250: 2174: 1964: 1893: 1774: 1766: 1418: 1393: 1306: 1283:. Unlike trams, light rail systems are longer and have one to four cars per train. 1210: 1190: 1052: 901: 874: 797: 723: 549: 4022: 2253:

after a period of mandatory halt. To reduce COVID-spread through cash contact, in

2153: 1104:

is part of an urban area's public transport. It provides faster services to outer

1085: 4343: 4227:"The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Public Transit Funding Needs in the U.S." 4114:

Urban Public Transportation Systems: Ensuring Sustainability Through Mass Transit

6140: 6115: 5949: 5899: 5792: 5430: 5292: 5262: 5252: 5040: 5007: 4987: 4844: 4605: 3179:"Disney World Transportation Map [Interactive Guide to Navigate Disney]" 2936: 2312: 2149: 1904: 1696: 1656: 1539: 1373: 1194: 1117: 1094: 920: 862: 826: 703: 699: 581: 472: 465: 252: 211: 3701:"Transportation Cost and Benefit Analysis II – Conclusions and Recommendations" 3333: 6313: 6195: 6135: 5924: 5732: 5602: 5322: 5317: 5237: 5139: 5017: 4997: 4949: 4916: 4886: 4851: 4794: 4722: 4717: 4680: 4610: 4595: 4570: 4553: 4516: 4342:

Needle, Jerome A.; Transportation Security Board & Cobb, Renée M. (1997).

3749: 3649:"Highway Construction Cost / Inflation Issues – Contract Admin – Construction" 3474:"Land Value Capture Mechanism: The Case of the Hong Kong Mass Transit Railway" 2798: 2278: 1989: 1913: 1892:

A study found that support for public transport spending is much higher among

1839: 1751: 1747: 1727: 1723: 1664: 1429: 1402: 1320:

Monorail systems are used throughout the world (especially in Europe and east

1280: 1255: 1044: 1026: 897: 878: 845: 812: 545: 510: 461: 422: 414: 80: 17: 3371: 2518: 2048:

usually advocate public transportation, because it offers decreased airborne

1896:

who have high levels of trust in government officials than those who do not.

5435: 5385: 5332: 5247: 5201: 5171: 5161: 5101: 5055: 5012: 5002: 4921: 4891: 4876: 4819: 4675: 4533: 3858: 3531: 3212:

Basic Lesson 1: What is Cable Propelled Transit Retrieved on 7 November 2009

2049: 1676: 1521: 1501: 1480: 1162: 1068: 1030: 830: 648: 603:, lasted only fifteen years until 1677. Buses are known to have operated in 402: 398: 135: 4856: 4031: 733:

Actual travel time on public transport becomes a lesser consideration when

4284:"Africa in Transition:Improving Urban Mobility Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic" 3483:. United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific. 2617: 2588: 2571: 5267: 5257: 5242: 5232: 5211: 5191: 5156: 5134: 5096: 5087: 5050: 4964: 4737: 4707: 4259: 4169:

The Costs of Automobile Dependency and the Benefits of Balanced Transport

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South America Incubates Cable Propelled Transit Retrieved on 10 June 2010

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raising tolls on numerous bridges and proposing more hikes to fund the

1851: 1835: 1827: 1743: 1410: 1369: 887: 801: 754: 742: 738: 457: 438: 405:

by group travel systems available for use by the general public unlike

118: 37:"Mass transit" and "mass transport" redirect here. For other uses, see 3612: 2862:"Infrastructure: Mass Transit in 19th- and 20th-Century Urban America" 2033:

Studies have shown that there is a strong inverse correlation between

1496:) passengers, and sometimes their vehicles, across a body of water. A 5282: 5277: 5196: 4901: 4727: 4580: 4203: 2258: 2238: 1565: 1485: 1445: 1272: 1198: 1105: 949: 727: 608: 604: 3700: 4464: 3927:

Public Transportation Reduces Greenhouse Gases and Conserves Energy

3613:"Transportation Cost and Benefit Analysis II – Air Pollution Costs" 1659:

and fare schemes to help travelers coordinate their travel. Online

5831: 4992: 3304: 3078: 2246: 2144: 2070: 1988: 1959: 1931: 1903: 1731: 1717: 1579: 1559: 1525: 1473: 1469: 1401: 1345: 1325: 1296: 1259: 1229: 1168: 1152: 1084: 1021: 991: 985: 944: 882: 821: 806: 792: 762: 707: 681: 592: 569: 557: 538: 522: 509: 501: 434: 110: 98: 94: 89:

Examples of types of public transport. Clockwise from top left: A

4184:

The effects of public transit on the demand for automobile travel

710:. The same individual may accept the lost time and statistically 6020: 5357: 5312: 4926: 4789: 1998: 1770: 1712: 1321: 1225: 1040: 418: 5835: 4468: 848:

services supplementing other means of transit in large cities.

4511: 3999:, 883, 163691. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163691 3332:

Krukar, Milan; Merriss, John; Henion, Loyd (31 January 1983).

3063:(2nd ed.). Washington, DC: Island Press. pp. 16–17. 924: 840: 588: 114: 3276:"How two-wheelers are weaving their way into urban transport" 2215:

boundaries of social, ethnic and other types of affiliation.

1738:

Most—but not all—public transport requires the purchase of a

521:

Conveyances designed for public hire are as old as the first

2753:

http://www.herodote.net/histoire/evenement.php?jour=18260810

968:

to be built and maintained resulting in high upfront costs.

556:

carrying paying passengers, which was a feature of European

4365:

Sustainability and Cities: Overcoming Automobile Dependence

3922: 3920: 3674: 607:

in 1826. The public bus transport system was introduced to

27:

Shared transportation service for use by the general public

4410:

Sustainability: Science, Practice, & Policy 3(1):59–67

1332:

used at their parks may be the most famous in the world).

4116:. American Society of Civil Engineers. pp. 408–409. 3513:

http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/tcrp/tcrp_rpt_34.pdf

3502:

http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/tcrp/tcrp_rpt_49.pdf

1572:

as a way for people to take short trips around the city.

453:

networks are being developed in many parts of the world.

4459: 1364:. This is an uncommon mode of transportation (excluding 718:, together with the initial, running and parking costs. 4454: 3587:"Healthy Places – Respiratory Health and Air Pollution" 2640:"Public transport is in decline in many wealthy cities" 1135:

trains. Some commuter train lines share a railway with

3054: 3052: 3050: 3048: 3046: 2616:. Japan Railway & Transport Review. Archived from 1376:

modes of transportation, or to the (by now automated)

912:

are buses that run on a conventional battery, but are

544:

Some historical forms of public transport include the

537:

had to be paid and would only then take passengers to

1238:, which operates the largest tramway in North America 3957: 3955: 3953: 3263:

cycling is mass transit and must be treated as such.

1360:

is an automated cab service that runs on rails or a

916:

frequently at certain points via underground wires.

6271: 6204: 6101: 6051: 5998: 5892: 5715: 5682: 5611: 5565: 5529: 5488: 5351: 5220: 5120: 5086: 5026: 4978: 4940: 4803: 4619: 4502: 4295:

Institute for Transportation and Development Policy

4199:"What Impact Has The Pandemic Had On Mass Transit?" 3563:Kielburger, Craig; Kielburger, Marc (12 May 2008). 2666:"Public Transit @ProjectDrawdown #ClimateSolutions" 1313:Somewhere between light and heavy rail in terms of 2774:"March 18, 1662: The Bus Starts Here ... in Paris" 2704: 437:. Public transport between cities is dominated by 2209:Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 580:in China (begun in 486 BCE) served primarily the 506:A coach, private or hired, for several passengers 3905:Getting to Work: Reconnecting Jobs with Transit. 2866:Oxford Research Encyclopedia of American History 2017:than other forms of travel. A 2002 study by the 4334:Sustainability: Science, Practice, & Policy 4055:"UITP – Public transport alleviates congestion" 3814:"Van Hool presents the ExquiCity Design Mettis" 3472:Verougstraete, Matheiu; Zeng, Han (July 2014). 2191: 2058:Getting to Work: Reconnecting Jobs with Transit 908:by way of a set of trolley poles for mobility. 686:Passenger Capacity of different Transport Modes 4138:"Public transportation: Not only for the poor" 3305:"Evaluating Public Transit Benefits and Costs" 1165:is the longest rapid transit system in Canada. 726:, high speeds/accelerations, height and other 5847: 4480: 4455:International Association of Public Transport 3423:. Marketplace.publicradio.org. Archived from 3122:International Association of Public Transport 2318:International Association of Public Transport 2241:, at the beginning of 2020, ridership in the 698:, many individuals are strongly motivated by 484:International Association of Public Transport 359: 8: 4363:Newman, Peter; Jeffrey R. Kenworthy (1999). 2911:"Luxembourg makes all public transport free" 2323:List of urban transit advocacy organisations 1500:ferry with many stops is sometimes called a 1428:While historically associated with usage in 1127:Common forms of commuter rail employ either 1093:train, a form of commuter rail, serving the 1691:. A limited amount of income may come from 595:in 1662, although the service in question, 5854: 5840: 5832: 4487: 4473: 4465: 4234:American Public Transportation Association 3675:"Transportation Cost and Benefit Analysis" 3565:"Transit key in pollution, poverty fights" 3335:Subsidies in Oregon Highway Transportation 3298: 3296: 3152:American Public Transportation Association 1380:common in many publicly accessible areas. 366: 352: 126: 4030: 3775: 3773: 3771: 3769: 3767: 2597: 2587: 2415:. Oxford University Press. Archived from 1029:Class 777005 at lime street low level in 4182:Beaudoin, Lin Lawell (19 January 2018), 1706: 730:may discourage use of public transport. 702:(travel fare/ ticket price to them) and 3677:. Victoria Transport Public Institute. 2400: 234: 141: 134: 3589:. CDC. 15 October 2009. Archived from 3352:from the original on 29 September 2011 2703:Littleton, C. Scott (1 January 2005). 2572:"Rail integrated communities in Tokyo" 1564:eTricks C01, electric bycicle made in 4197:Winkless, Laurie (15 February 2022). 3794:, Vol. 17, No. 4 (2014), pp. 114–134. 3544:from the original on 18 December 2011 3490:from the original on 25 October 2016. 3321:from the original on 10 January 2017. 2890:from the original on 29 November 2018 2874:10.1093/acrefore/9780199329175.013.28 2005:driving system, developed by Belgian 1970:featuring a lift for disabled people. 1730:for public transportation tickets in 1508:) may also be called ferry services. 737:and when travel itself is reasonably 433:(metro/subway/underground, etc.) and 7: 6344: 4433:. United States: Fool Church Media. 4404:Valderrama, A.; Beltran, I. (2007). 4322:, University of Chicago Press, 2023 3655:from the original on 23 October 2011 3378:from the original on 28 October 2011 2978:from the original on 2 February 2017 2947:from the original on 31 January 2018 2805:from the original on 1 November 2011 2500: 2498: 2452:from the original on 2 December 2018 1750:, or a magnetic or electronic card ( 1492:A ferry is a boat used to carry (or 525:. The earliest public transport was 3708:Victoria Transport Policy Institute 3681:from the original on 9 October 2011 3620:Victoria Transport Policy Institute 3312:Victoria Transport Policy Institute 3004:from the original on 13 August 2011 2966:Humphreys, Pat (17 December 2016). 1956:Accessibility § Transportation 5659:Transit-oriented development (TOD) 4171:, Victoria Public Policy Institute 3247:National Infrastructure Commission 2825:"Mumbles railway was 'remarkable'" 2413:English Oxford Living Dictionaries 2303:Finnish models of public transport 2077:Climate change mitigation policies 25: 4348:. Transportation Security Board. 4282:Mimano, Carolyne (January 2021). 3148:"Glossary of Transit Terminology" 3105:from the original on 27 June 2013 3027:. Tech the Future. Archived from 2576:Journal of Transport and Land Use 1816:) and the physically or mentally 1352:Morgantown Personal Rapid Transit 618:opened in 1806. It ran along the 6343: 6332: 6331: 5815: 5669:Transportation demand management 4225:EBP US, Inc. (27 January 2021). 3997:Science of The Total Environment 3792:Journal of Public Transportation 3717:from the original on 6 July 2010 3629:from the original on 6 July 2010 3398:"General Motors bailout details" 3253:from the original on 6 July 2018 2281: 2207:. A 2018 study published in the 548:traveling a fixed route between 533:writings. The mystical ferryman 335: 79: 70: 59: 50: 3419:Roth, Alisa (4 December 2008). 3374:. Voxeu.org. 21 December 2008. 3303:Litman, Todd (September 2016). 2998:"KAIST Online Electric Vehicle" 1661:public transport route planners 706:, as well as being informed by 694:In selecting between competing 634:Stockton and Darlington Railway 4460:US High-Speed Rail Association 4389:. London: Penguin. p. 7. 4144:. 1 April 2014. Archived from 3883:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.07.046 3781:A New Transit Safety Narrative 3025:"High Speed Train VS Airplane" 3000:. Gizmag.com. 20 August 2009. 2707:Gods, Goddesses, and Mythology 2507:Journal of Planning Literature 2348:Public transport route planner 1625:Intermodal passenger transport 647:The first successful electric 1: 6131:Needle and syringe programmes 5985:Universal access to education 4641:Autonomous Rail Rapid Transit 4023:10.1016/j.tranpol.2020.08.009 2968:"City Transport in the 2020s" 2909:Andrea Lo (15 January 2019). 2442:"public transport in British" 2039:energy consumption per capita 2023:American Enterprise Institute 1846:Revenue, profit and subsidies 1197:and the commuter rail hybrid 972:Intercity and High-speed rail 39:Mass transit (disambiguation) 5697:Passenger information system 2735:. Taipei: Caves Books, Ltd. 2545:www.publictransportation.org 2343:Public transport bus service 785:Public transport bus service 6214:Publicly funded health care 4835:Demand-responsive transport 4733:Medium-capacity rail system 2860:Young, Jay (2 March 2015). 2224:Impact of COVID-19 pandemic 1711:A contactless validator in 1663:help make planning easier. 1546:Electric bikes and scooters 990:High-speed rail CR400AF in 811:Articulated bus line 13 of 789:Coach (scheduled transport) 620:Swansea and Mumbles Railway 6393: 5598:Public transport timetable 4629:Passenger rail terminology 4345:Improving Transit Security 4089:. Uitp.org. Archived from 3803:Needle et al., 1997: 10–13 3338:. TRB Publications Index. 3059:Spieler, Christof (2021). 2541:"PublicTransportation.org" 2446:Collins English Dictionary 2388:Transportation engineering 2353:Public transport timetable 2184: 2028:volatile organic compounds 1982: 1953: 1923: 1849: 1824:Zero-fare public transport 1802:zero-fare public transport 1644:Public transport timetable 1641: 1618: 1549: 1515: 1467: 1456:in New York City, and the 1387: 1339: 1290: 1253: 1223: 1208: 1146: 1078: 1015: 975: 938: 902:electrically powered buses 872: 782: 752: 644:opened in London in 1863. 36: 29: 6327: 6239:National health insurance 6191:Supervised injection site 5869: 5811: 5629:Green transport hierarchy 5366:Automated fare collection 4387:Transit Maps of the World 3750:10.1017/S0047279420000707 3571:. Toronto. Archived from 2841:. London Transport Museum 2801:. Knowledgeoflondon.com. 2731:Needham, Joseph. (1986). 2167:public transport planning 1926:Public transport security 673:Types of public transport 492:climate change mitigation 273:Green transport hierarchy 6234:Single-payer health care 6043:Universal basic services 5990:Universal basic services 5664:Transportation authority 4429:Costales, Bryan (2021). 3786:12 December 2019 at the 3738:Journal of Social Policy 3651:. FHWA. 22 August 2011. 3227:28 December 2010 at the 2762:. Retrieved 13 June 2008 2751:web-page (in French) at 2570:Calimente, John (2012). 2519:10.1177/0885412217693570 2035:urban population density 1968:Hills Showground station 1454:Roosevelt Island Tramway 1350:People mover vehicle of 910:Online Electric Vehicles 904:that receive power from 722:, spatial constriction, 152:Armored fighting vehicle 5935:Public good (economics) 5728:Bus rapid transit creep 5674:Transportation planning 4318:Bloom, Nicholas Dagen, 3863:Atmospheric Environment 3208:2 February 2011 at the 2941:Encyclopædia Britannica 2839:"The Metropolitan line" 2758:16 October 2010 at the 1879:MTR Corporation Limited 1384:Cable-propelled transit 1330:Disney monorail systems 712:higher risk of accident 666:Encyclopædia Britannica 326:Transportation planning 5426:Manual fare collection 5406:Farebox recovery ratio 4897:Personal rapid transit 4112:Kulyk, Walter (2002). 2711:. Marshall Cavendish. 2195: 2157: 2080: 2010: 2003:diesel-electric hybrid 1971: 1921: 1872:Bay Area Rapid Transit 1868:San Francisco Bay Area 1762:has to be checked in. 1756:contactless smart card 1735: 1715: 1689:farebox recovery ratio 1653:North American English 1602: 1568: 1536:Cycling infrastructure 1531: 1518:Cycling infrastructure 1489: 1414: 1358:Personal rapid transit 1354: 1342:Personal rapid transit 1336:Personal rapid transit 1310: 1275: 1239: 1178: 1166: 1133:electric multiple unit 1098: 1033: 994: 953: 894: 833: 819: 804: 771: 687: 566:freight transportation 518: 507: 258:Cycling infrastructure 248:Bicycle transportation 187:Personal rapid transit 6377:Sustainable transport 6083:Public infrastructure 5920:Public administration 5905:Free-culture movement 5783:Sustainable transport 5763:Passenger load factor 5578:Clock-face scheduling 5411:Free public transport 5263:Bus turnout (bus bay) 4960:Real-time ridesharing 4753:Platform screen doors 3243:"Running out of road" 3203:– The Gondola Project 3061:Trains, Buses, People 2827:. BBC. 25 March 2007. 2589:10.5198/jtlu.v5i1.280 2358:Sustainable transport 2333:Patronage (transport) 2328:Passenger load factor 2308:Free public transport 2268:Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 2201:Automobile dependency 2187:Automobile dependency 2148: 2115:life-cycle assessment 2074: 2019:Brookings Institution 1992: 1985:Sustainable transport 1963: 1907: 1721: 1710: 1699:communication lines. 1673:clock-face scheduling 1590: 1563: 1529: 1477: 1434:Metrocable (Medellín) 1405: 1349: 1300: 1263: 1233: 1177:train from Singapore. 1172: 1156: 1088: 1025: 989: 964:, infrastructure and 948: 886: 844:rural areas, and for 825: 815:bus rapid transit in 810: 796: 766: 685: 597:Carrosses à cinq sols 574:warring States period 564:canals were used for 516:Newton, Massachusetts 514:Early trolley car in 513: 505: 383:public transportation 311:Sustainable transport 268:Free public transport 5822:Transport portal 5758:Outline of transport 5451:Reduced fare program 5421:Integrated ticketing 5376:Contract of carriage 5187:Personal transporter 4743:Narrow-gauge railway 4591:Rail replacement bus 3910:20 July 2011 at the 3903:New Jersey Future. " 3158:on 27 September 2007 2972:Transport and Travel 2799:"The London Omnibus" 2692:Pre Columbian Wheels 2131:urban sustainability 1734:, Western Australia. 1556:Scooter (motorcycle) 1450:Portland Aerial Tram 1438:Metrocable (Caracas) 1423:cable cars (railway) 1236:streetcar in Toronto 952:West railway station 614:The first passenger 529:. Ferries appear in 342:Transport portal 107:commuter rail system 6319:Public viewing area 6088:Public water system 6076:Municipal broadband 6033:Public broadcasting 5798:Transport economics 5593:On-time performance 5588:Night (owl) service 5288:Interchange station 5167:Horse-drawn vehicle 4955:Flexible carpooling 4763:Metro/Rapid Transit 4431:Elevator Versus Bus 4167:Litman, T. (1999), 4142:The Himalayan Times 3875:2008AtmEn..42.7915M 3575:on 22 October 2012. 3518:5 July 2010 at the 3507:6 July 2010 at the 3023:Eli (26 May 2010). 2935:Joseph L. Schofer. 1900:Safety and security 1651:(or 'schedules' in 1591:Timelapse video of 1398:Cable car (railway) 1267:light rail transit 1065:suspension railways 906:overhead power line 770:Airlines Flight 470 642:underground railway 616:horse-drawn vehicle 477:transit authorities 197:Powered exoskeleton 130:Part of a series on 6284:Government auction 5970:Public procurement 5552:Standing passenger 4815:Auto rickshaw taxi 4785:Suspension railway 4768:Rubber-tyred metro 4691:Heritage streetcar 4596:Share taxi/Taxibus 4186:, pp. 447–467 3710:. 3 January 2009. 3593:on 15 October 2011 3500:For examples, see 2620:on 26 October 2017 2419:on 31 January 2018 2409:"public transport" 2243:London Underground 2169:is at the core of 2158: 2135:climate mitigation 2081: 2044:Supporters of the 2011: 1972: 1922: 1736: 1716: 1703:Fare and ticketing 1603: 1569: 1532: 1490: 1415: 1355: 1311: 1276: 1240: 1179: 1167: 1099: 1037:Urban rail transit 1034: 1018:Urban rail transit 1012:Urban rail transit 995: 954: 895: 834: 820: 805: 772: 696:modes of transport 688: 519: 508: 192:pipeline transport 6359: 6358: 6186:Public university 6166:Public open space 6111:Drinking fountain 6071:Telecommunication 5829: 5828: 5521:Transport network 5511:Non-revenue track 5177:Inclined elevator 5112:Inclined elevator 5078:Inclined elevator 4703:Higher-speed rail 4646:Airport rail link 4529:Bus rapid transit 4396:978-0-14-311265-5 4374:978-1-55963-660-5 4355:978-0-309-06013-4 4328:978-0-226-82440-6 4123:978-0-7844-0717-2 4067:on 2 October 2011 3869:(34): 7915–7923. 3408:on 18 April 2010. 3402:Chicago Sun-Times 3345:978-0-309-03361-9 3241:Andrew Gilligan. 2672:. 6 February 2020 2448:. HarperCollins. 2338:Private transport 1995:bus rapid transit 1790:ticket controller 1760:electronic ticket 1600:double-decker bus 1597:Community Transit 1588: 1506:Mediterranean Sea 1484:) at bus stop in 1112:. Trains stop at 853:Bus rapid transit 829:bus operating in 800:bus operating in 716:private transport 624:George Stephenson 407:private transport 397:) is a system of 376: 375: 16:(Redirected from 6384: 6372:Public transport 6347: 6346: 6335: 6334: 6246:Social insurance 6093:Waste management 6061:Electric utility 6038:Public transport 5955:Public ownership 5874:Municipalization 5856: 5849: 5842: 5833: 5820: 5819: 5738:Destination sign 5702:Platform display 5692:Destination sign 5649:Transit district 5644:Street hierarchy 5624:Complete streets 5619:Airport security 5501:Cross-city route 5446:Proof-of-payment 5416:Free travel pass 4907:Public light bus 4867:Hackney carriage 4686:Heritage railway 4671:Elevated railway 4666:Cross-city route 4586:Public light bus 4544:Cross-city route 4496:Public transport 4489: 4482: 4475: 4466: 4444: 4440:978-1945232-41-1 4425: 4423: 4421: 4412:. Archived from 4400: 4378: 4367:. Island Press. 4359: 4306: 4305: 4303: 4301: 4288: 4279: 4273: 4272: 4270: 4268: 4251: 4245: 4244: 4242: 4240: 4222: 4216: 4215: 4213: 4211: 4194: 4188: 4187: 4179: 4173: 4172: 4164: 4158: 4157: 4155: 4153: 4148:on 10 April 2014 4134: 4128: 4127: 4109: 4103: 4102: 4100: 4098: 4093:on 10 March 2012 4083: 4077: 4076: 4074: 4072: 4066: 4060:. Archived from 4059: 4051: 4045: 4044: 4034: 4011:Transport Policy 4006: 4000: 3993: 3987: 3986: 3984: 3982: 3976:World Bank Blogs 3968: 3962: 3959: 3948: 3945: 3939: 3936: 3930: 3924: 3915: 3901: 3895: 3894: 3854: 3848: 3845: 3839: 3836: 3830: 3829: 3827: 3825: 3816:. Archived from 3810: 3804: 3801: 3795: 3777: 3762: 3761: 3733: 3727: 3726: 3724: 3722: 3716: 3705: 3697: 3691: 3690: 3688: 3686: 3671: 3665: 3664: 3662: 3660: 3645: 3639: 3638: 3636: 3634: 3628: 3617: 3609: 3603: 3602: 3600: 3598: 3583: 3577: 3576: 3560: 3554: 3553: 3551: 3549: 3543: 3536: 3528: 3522: 3498: 3492: 3491: 3489: 3478: 3469: 3463: 3462: 3460: 3458: 3451:The Mercury News 3443: 3437: 3436: 3434: 3432: 3416: 3410: 3409: 3404:. Archived from 3394: 3388: 3387: 3385: 3383: 3368: 3362: 3361: 3359: 3357: 3329: 3323: 3322: 3320: 3309: 3300: 3291: 3290: 3288: 3286: 3272: 3266: 3265: 3260: 3258: 3238: 3232: 3219: 3213: 3200: 3194: 3193: 3191: 3189: 3174: 3168: 3167: 3165: 3163: 3154:. Archived from 3144: 3138: 3137: 3135: 3133: 3124:. Archived from 3114: 3112: 3110: 3089: 3083: 3082: 3056: 3041: 3040: 3038: 3036: 3020: 3014: 3013: 3011: 3009: 2994: 2988: 2987: 2985: 2983: 2963: 2957: 2956: 2954: 2952: 2932: 2926: 2925: 2923: 2921: 2906: 2900: 2899: 2897: 2895: 2857: 2851: 2850: 2848: 2846: 2835: 2829: 2828: 2821: 2815: 2814: 2812: 2810: 2795: 2789: 2788: 2786: 2784: 2769: 2763: 2749: 2743: 2729: 2723: 2722: 2710: 2700: 2694: 2688: 2682: 2681: 2679: 2677: 2670:Project Drawdown 2662: 2656: 2655: 2653: 2651: 2636: 2630: 2629: 2627: 2625: 2610: 2604: 2603: 2601: 2591: 2567: 2561: 2560: 2558: 2556: 2551:on 30 April 2011 2547:. Archived from 2537: 2531: 2530: 2502: 2493: 2492: 2487: 2485: 2471: 2465: 2464: 2459: 2457: 2438: 2432: 2431: 2426: 2424: 2405: 2383:Transport divide 2378:Transit watchdog 2363:Transit district 2291: 2289:Transport portal 2286: 2285: 2205:transport divide 2015:energy efficient 1920:light rail train 1810:free travel pass 1786:proof-of-payment 1693:land development 1593:Downtown Seattle 1589: 1552:Electric bicycle 1512:Cycleway network 1458:London Cable Car 1315:carbon footprint 1183:grade separation 1131:locomotives, or 1110:satellite cities 1108:and neighboring 554:horse-drawn boat 427:passenger trains 379:Public transport 368: 361: 354: 340: 339: 321:Transport divide 222:Uncrewed vehicle 127: 83: 74: 63: 54: 32:Shared transport 21: 6392: 6391: 6387: 6386: 6385: 6383: 6382: 6381: 6362: 6361: 6360: 6355: 6323: 6309:Public security 6299:Public offering 6267: 6256:Social security 6206:Social services 6200: 6156:Public hospital 6151:Public computer 6146:Public bookcase 6097: 6047: 6016:Law enforcement 6011:Fire department 5994: 5945:Public interest 5888: 5884:Progressive tax 5879:Nationalization 5865: 5863:Public services 5860: 5830: 5825: 5814: 5807: 5711: 5684: 5678: 5607: 5561: 5537:Checked baggage 5525: 5484: 5371:Bus advertising 5355: 5347: 5216: 5207:Trackless train 5150:Scooter-sharing 5145:Bicycle-sharing 5122: 5116: 5082: 5022: 4974: 4936: 4912:Pulled rickshaw 4882:Motorcycle taxi 4825:Combination bus 4806: 4799: 4713:Inter-city rail 4698:High-speed rail 4615: 4498: 4493: 4451: 4441: 4428: 4419: 4417: 4416:on 30 June 2007 4403: 4397: 4381: 4375: 4362: 4356: 4341: 4315: 4313:Further reading 4310: 4309: 4299: 4297: 4286: 4281: 4280: 4276: 4266: 4264: 4263:. 24 April 2020 4253: 4252: 4248: 4238: 4236: 4224: 4223: 4219: 4209: 4207: 4196: 4195: 4191: 4181: 4180: 4176: 4166: 4165: 4161: 4151: 4149: 4136: 4135: 4131: 4124: 4111: 4110: 4106: 4096: 4094: 4087:"UITP Advocacy" 4085: 4084: 4080: 4070: 4068: 4064: 4057: 4053: 4052: 4048: 4008: 4007: 4003: 3994: 3990: 3980: 3978: 3970: 3969: 3965: 3960: 3951: 3946: 3942: 3937: 3933: 3925: 3918: 3912:Wayback Machine 3902: 3898: 3856: 3855: 3851: 3846: 3842: 3837: 3833: 3823: 3821: 3812: 3811: 3807: 3802: 3798: 3788:Wayback Machine 3778: 3765: 3735: 3734: 3730: 3720: 3718: 3714: 3703: 3699: 3698: 3694: 3684: 3682: 3673: 3672: 3668: 3658: 3656: 3647: 3646: 3642: 3632: 3630: 3626: 3615: 3611: 3610: 3606: 3596: 3594: 3585: 3584: 3580: 3562: 3561: 3557: 3547: 3545: 3541: 3534: 3530: 3529: 3525: 3520:Wayback Machine 3509:Wayback Machine 3499: 3495: 3487: 3481:www.unescap.org 3476: 3471: 3470: 3466: 3456: 3454: 3445: 3444: 3440: 3430: 3428: 3427:on 11 July 2012 3418: 3417: 3413: 3396: 3395: 3391: 3381: 3379: 3370: 3369: 3365: 3355: 3353: 3346: 3331: 3330: 3326: 3318: 3307: 3302: 3301: 3294: 3284: 3282: 3274: 3273: 3269: 3256: 3254: 3240: 3239: 3235: 3229:Wayback Machine 3220: 3216: 3210:Wayback Machine 3201: 3197: 3187: 3185: 3176: 3175: 3171: 3161: 3159: 3146: 3145: 3141: 3131: 3129: 3128:on 27 June 2013 3116: 3108: 3106: 3098:Merriam-Webster 3093:"Rapid transit" 3091: 3090: 3086: 3071: 3058: 3057: 3044: 3034: 3032: 3031:on 4 March 2016 3022: 3021: 3017: 3007: 3005: 2996: 2995: 2991: 2981: 2979: 2965: 2964: 2960: 2950: 2948: 2934: 2933: 2929: 2919: 2917: 2908: 2907: 2903: 2893: 2891: 2884: 2859: 2858: 2854: 2844: 2842: 2837: 2836: 2832: 2823: 2822: 2818: 2808: 2806: 2797: 2796: 2792: 2782: 2780: 2772:Alfred, Randy. 2771: 2770: 2766: 2760:Wayback Machine 2750: 2746: 2730: 2726: 2719: 2702: 2701: 2697: 2689: 2685: 2675: 2673: 2664: 2663: 2659: 2649: 2647: 2638: 2637: 2633: 2623: 2621: 2612: 2611: 2607: 2569: 2568: 2564: 2554: 2552: 2539: 2538: 2534: 2504: 2503: 2496: 2483: 2481: 2473: 2472: 2468: 2455: 2453: 2440: 2439: 2435: 2422: 2420: 2407: 2406: 2402: 2397: 2392: 2287: 2280: 2277: 2226: 2221: 2196: 2194: 2189: 2183: 2143: 2104: 2100: 2096: 2091: 2087: 2067: 1987: 1981: 1958: 1952: 1947: 1928: 1902: 1883:KCR Corporation 1854: 1848: 1705: 1685: 1646: 1640: 1632:central station 1627: 1619:Main articles: 1617: 1608: 1580: 1578: 1558: 1550:Main articles: 1548: 1524: 1516:Main articles: 1514: 1472: 1466: 1407:Gulmarg Gondola 1400: 1388:Main articles: 1386: 1344: 1338: 1324:, particularly 1295: 1289: 1258: 1252: 1228: 1222: 1213: 1207: 1151: 1145: 1129:diesel electric 1083: 1077: 1020: 1014: 1005:High-speed rail 984: 982:high-speed rail 976:Main articles: 974: 943: 937: 881: 873:Main articles: 871: 851: 791: 783:Main articles: 781: 761: 753:Main articles: 751: 720:Loss of control 680: 678:Comparing modes 675: 629:Locomotion No 1 531:Greek mythology 527:water transport 500: 451:High-speed rail 381:(also known as 372: 334: 125: 124: 123: 122: 86: 85: 84: 76: 75: 66: 65: 64: 56: 55: 42: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6390: 6388: 6380: 6379: 6374: 6364: 6363: 6357: 6356: 6354: 6353: 6341: 6328: 6325: 6324: 6322: 6321: 6316: 6311: 6306: 6301: 6296: 6294:Public holiday 6291: 6286: 6281: 6275: 6273: 6269: 6268: 6266: 6265: 6263:Youth services 6260: 6259: 6258: 6253: 6251:Social pension 6243: 6242: 6241: 6231: 6226: 6221: 6219:Public housing 6216: 6210: 6208: 6202: 6201: 6199: 6198: 6193: 6188: 6183: 6178: 6173: 6168: 6163: 6161:Public library 6158: 6153: 6148: 6143: 6138: 6133: 6128: 6126:Infrastructure 6123: 6121:Free education 6118: 6113: 6107: 6105: 6099: 6098: 6096: 6095: 6090: 6085: 6080: 6079: 6078: 6068: 6063: 6057: 6055: 6053:Public utility 6049: 6048: 6046: 6045: 6040: 6035: 6030: 6029: 6028: 6026:Savings system 6021:Postal service 6018: 6013: 6008: 6002: 6000: 5999:Basic services 5996: 5995: 5993: 5992: 5987: 5982: 5977: 5972: 5967: 5962: 5957: 5952: 5947: 5942: 5937: 5932: 5927: 5922: 5917: 5915:Product sample 5912: 5910:Free newspaper 5907: 5902: 5896: 5894: 5890: 5889: 5887: 5886: 5881: 5876: 5870: 5867: 5866: 5861: 5859: 5858: 5851: 5844: 5836: 5827: 5826: 5812: 5809: 5808: 5806: 5805: 5800: 5795: 5790: 5785: 5780: 5775: 5770: 5765: 5760: 5755: 5753:Land transport 5750: 5745: 5740: 5735: 5730: 5725: 5719: 5717: 5713: 5712: 5710: 5709: 5704: 5699: 5694: 5688: 5686: 5680: 5679: 5677: 5676: 5671: 5666: 5661: 5656: 5654:Transit police 5651: 5646: 5641: 5636: 5634:Rail subsidies 5631: 5626: 5621: 5615: 5613: 5609: 5608: 5606: 5605: 5600: 5595: 5590: 5585: 5580: 5575: 5569: 5567: 5563: 5562: 5560: 5559: 5554: 5549: 5544: 5539: 5533: 5531: 5527: 5526: 5524: 5523: 5518: 5513: 5508: 5506:Network length 5503: 5498: 5492: 5490: 5486: 5485: 5483: 5482: 5477: 5472: 5470:Ticket machine 5467: 5453: 5448: 5443: 5438: 5433: 5428: 5423: 5418: 5413: 5408: 5403: 5398: 5393: 5391:Fare avoidance 5388: 5383: 5378: 5373: 5368: 5362: 5360: 5349: 5348: 5346: 5345: 5340: 5335: 5330: 5325: 5320: 5315: 5310: 5305: 5300: 5295: 5290: 5285: 5280: 5275: 5273:Ferry terminal 5270: 5265: 5260: 5255: 5250: 5245: 5240: 5235: 5230: 5224: 5222: 5218: 5217: 5215: 5214: 5209: 5204: 5199: 5194: 5189: 5184: 5182:Moving walkway 5179: 5174: 5169: 5164: 5159: 5154: 5153: 5152: 5147: 5137: 5132: 5126: 5124: 5118: 5117: 5115: 5114: 5109: 5107:Moving walkway 5104: 5099: 5093: 5091: 5084: 5083: 5081: 5080: 5075: 5074: 5073: 5068: 5058: 5053: 5048: 5043: 5038: 5036:Aerial tramway 5032: 5030: 5024: 5023: 5021: 5020: 5015: 5010: 5005: 5000: 4995: 4990: 4984: 4982: 4976: 4975: 4973: 4972: 4967: 4962: 4957: 4952: 4946: 4944: 4938: 4937: 4935: 4934: 4929: 4924: 4919: 4914: 4909: 4904: 4899: 4894: 4889: 4884: 4879: 4874: 4869: 4864: 4859: 4854: 4849: 4848: 4847: 4842: 4832: 4830:Cycle rickshaw 4827: 4822: 4817: 4811: 4809: 4801: 4800: 4798: 4797: 4792: 4787: 4782: 4780:Street running 4777: 4772: 4771: 4770: 4760: 4755: 4750: 4745: 4740: 4735: 4730: 4725: 4720: 4715: 4710: 4705: 4700: 4695: 4694: 4693: 4683: 4678: 4673: 4668: 4663: 4658: 4653: 4648: 4643: 4638: 4637: 4636: 4625: 4623: 4617: 4616: 4614: 4613: 4608: 4603: 4598: 4593: 4588: 4583: 4578: 4573: 4568: 4567: 4566: 4556: 4551: 4546: 4541: 4536: 4531: 4526: 4525: 4524: 4519: 4508: 4506: 4500: 4499: 4494: 4492: 4491: 4484: 4477: 4469: 4463: 4462: 4457: 4450: 4449:External links 4447: 4446: 4445: 4439: 4426: 4401: 4395: 4379: 4373: 4360: 4354: 4339: 4330: 4314: 4311: 4308: 4307: 4274: 4246: 4217: 4189: 4174: 4159: 4129: 4122: 4104: 4078: 4046: 4001: 3988: 3963: 3949: 3940: 3931: 3916: 3896: 3849: 3840: 3831: 3820:on 5 June 2013 3805: 3796: 3763: 3728: 3692: 3666: 3640: 3604: 3578: 3555: 3523: 3493: 3464: 3453:. 26 June 2023 3438: 3411: 3389: 3363: 3344: 3324: 3292: 3267: 3233: 3214: 3195: 3169: 3139: 3084: 3069: 3042: 3015: 2989: 2958: 2937:"Mass transit" 2927: 2901: 2882: 2852: 2830: 2816: 2790: 2764: 2744: 2724: 2717: 2695: 2683: 2657: 2646:. 18 July 2018 2631: 2605: 2562: 2532: 2513:(3): 223–239. 2494: 2466: 2433: 2399: 2398: 2396: 2393: 2391: 2390: 2385: 2380: 2375: 2373:Transit police 2370: 2365: 2360: 2355: 2350: 2345: 2340: 2335: 2330: 2325: 2320: 2315: 2310: 2305: 2300: 2294: 2293: 2292: 2276: 2273: 2264:Kigali, Rwanda 2255:Nairobi, Kenya 2225: 2222: 2220: 2217: 2192: 2190: 2185:Main article: 2182: 2179: 2171:urban planning 2142: 2139: 2117:calculations. 2102: 2098: 2094: 2089: 2085: 2065: 2062:carbon dioxide 2046:green movement 1983:Main article: 1980: 1977: 1954:Main article: 1951: 1948: 1946: 1943: 1924:Main article: 1901: 1898: 1850:Main article: 1847: 1844: 1830:or commercial 1704: 1701: 1684: 1681: 1642:Main article: 1639: 1636: 1616: 1613: 1607: 1606:Infrastructure 1604: 1577: 1574: 1547: 1544: 1513: 1510: 1498:foot-passenger 1468:Main article: 1465: 1462: 1390:Aerial tramway 1385: 1382: 1340:Main article: 1337: 1334: 1291:Main article: 1288: 1285: 1254:Main article: 1251: 1248: 1224:Main article: 1221: 1218: 1209:Main article: 1206: 1203: 1193:, small-scale 1147:Main article: 1144: 1141: 1137:freight trains 1114:train stations 1079:Main article: 1076: 1073: 1016:Main article: 1013: 1010: 998:Intercity rail 978:Intercity rail 973: 970: 941:Rail transport 939:Main article: 936: 933: 890:trolleybus in 870: 869:Electric buses 867: 859:Coach services 817:Guatemala city 780: 777: 768:LAM Mozambique 750: 747: 679: 676: 674: 671: 611:in July 1829. 568:to bypass the 499: 496: 447:intercity rail 387:public transit 374: 373: 371: 370: 363: 356: 348: 345: 344: 331: 330: 329: 328: 323: 318: 313: 308: 307: 306: 305: 304: 285: 280: 275: 270: 265: 260: 255: 250: 245: 237: 236: 232: 231: 230: 229: 224: 219: 214: 209: 204: 199: 194: 189: 184: 182:Animal-powered 179: 174: 169: 164: 159: 154: 146: 145: 139: 138: 132: 131: 88: 87: 78: 77: 69: 68: 67: 58: 57: 49: 48: 47: 46: 45: 26: 24: 18:Transit system 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6389: 6378: 6375: 6373: 6370: 6369: 6367: 6352: 6351: 6342: 6340: 6339: 6330: 6329: 6326: 6320: 6317: 6315: 6312: 6310: 6307: 6305: 6304:Public sector 6302: 6300: 6297: 6295: 6292: 6290: 6287: 6285: 6282: 6280: 6277: 6276: 6274: 6270: 6264: 6261: 6257: 6254: 6252: 6249: 6248: 6247: 6244: 6240: 6237: 6236: 6235: 6232: 6230: 6229:Job guarantee 6227: 6225: 6222: 6220: 6217: 6215: 6212: 6211: 6209: 6207: 6203: 6197: 6194: 6192: 6189: 6187: 6184: 6182: 6181:Public toilet 6179: 6177: 6174: 6172: 6171:Public school 6169: 6167: 6164: 6162: 6159: 6157: 6154: 6152: 6149: 6147: 6144: 6142: 6139: 6137: 6134: 6132: 6129: 6127: 6124: 6122: 6119: 6117: 6114: 6112: 6109: 6108: 6106: 6104: 6100: 6094: 6091: 6089: 6086: 6084: 6081: 6077: 6074: 6073: 6072: 6069: 6067: 6066:Oil & gas 6064: 6062: 6059: 6058: 6056: 6054: 6050: 6044: 6041: 6039: 6036: 6034: 6031: 6027: 6024: 6023: 6022: 6019: 6017: 6014: 6012: 6009: 6007: 6006:Civil service 6004: 6003: 6001: 5997: 5991: 5988: 5986: 5983: 5981: 5978: 5976: 5973: 5971: 5968: 5966: 5965:Public rights 5963: 5961: 5960:Public policy 5958: 5956: 5953: 5951: 5948: 5946: 5943: 5941: 5940:Public health 5938: 5936: 5933: 5931: 5930:Public domain 5928: 5926: 5923: 5921: 5918: 5916: 5913: 5911: 5908: 5906: 5903: 5901: 5898: 5897: 5895: 5891: 5885: 5882: 5880: 5877: 5875: 5872: 5871: 5868: 5864: 5857: 5852: 5850: 5845: 5843: 5838: 5837: 5834: 5824: 5823: 5818: 5810: 5804: 5803:Micromobility 5801: 5799: 5796: 5794: 5791: 5789: 5786: 5784: 5781: 5779: 5776: 5774: 5771: 5769: 5766: 5764: 5761: 5759: 5756: 5754: 5751: 5749: 5748:Hail and ride 5746: 5744: 5741: 5739: 5736: 5734: 5731: 5729: 5726: 5724: 5721: 5720: 5718: 5714: 5708: 5705: 5703: 5700: 5698: 5695: 5693: 5690: 5689: 5687: 5681: 5675: 5672: 5670: 5667: 5665: 5662: 5660: 5657: 5655: 5652: 5650: 5647: 5645: 5642: 5640: 5637: 5635: 5632: 5630: 5627: 5625: 5622: 5620: 5617: 5616: 5614: 5610: 5604: 5601: 5599: 5596: 5594: 5591: 5589: 5586: 5584: 5581: 5579: 5576: 5574: 5571: 5570: 5568: 5564: 5558: 5555: 5553: 5550: 5548: 5545: 5543: 5540: 5538: 5535: 5534: 5532: 5528: 5522: 5519: 5517: 5514: 5512: 5509: 5507: 5504: 5502: 5499: 5497: 5494: 5493: 5491: 5487: 5481: 5478: 5476: 5473: 5471: 5468: 5465: 5461: 5457: 5454: 5452: 5449: 5447: 5444: 5442: 5439: 5437: 5434: 5432: 5429: 5427: 5424: 5422: 5419: 5417: 5414: 5412: 5409: 5407: 5404: 5402: 5399: 5397: 5394: 5392: 5389: 5387: 5384: 5382: 5379: 5377: 5374: 5372: 5369: 5367: 5364: 5363: 5361: 5359: 5354: 5350: 5344: 5343:Transport hub 5341: 5339: 5336: 5334: 5331: 5329: 5328:Train station 5326: 5324: 5323:Taxicab stand 5321: 5319: 5316: 5314: 5311: 5309: 5308:Park and ride 5306: 5304: 5303:Metro station 5301: 5299: 5296: 5294: 5291: 5289: 5286: 5284: 5281: 5279: 5276: 5274: 5271: 5269: 5266: 5264: 5261: 5259: 5256: 5254: 5251: 5249: 5246: 5244: 5241: 5239: 5236: 5234: 5231: 5229: 5226: 5225: 5223: 5219: 5213: 5210: 5208: 5205: 5203: 5200: 5198: 5195: 5193: 5190: 5188: 5185: 5183: 5180: 5178: 5175: 5173: 5170: 5168: 5165: 5163: 5160: 5158: 5155: 5151: 5148: 5146: 5143: 5142: 5141: 5138: 5136: 5133: 5131: 5128: 5127: 5125: 5119: 5113: 5110: 5108: 5105: 5103: 5100: 5098: 5095: 5094: 5092: 5089: 5085: 5079: 5076: 5072: 5069: 5067: 5064: 5063: 5062: 5059: 5057: 5054: 5052: 5049: 5047: 5046:Cable railway 5044: 5042: 5039: 5037: 5034: 5033: 5031: 5029: 5025: 5019: 5016: 5014: 5011: 5009: 5006: 5004: 5001: 4999: 4996: 4994: 4991: 4989: 4986: 4985: 4983: 4981: 4977: 4971: 4968: 4966: 4963: 4961: 4958: 4956: 4953: 4951: 4948: 4947: 4945: 4943: 4939: 4933: 4930: 4928: 4925: 4923: 4920: 4918: 4915: 4913: 4910: 4908: 4905: 4903: 4900: 4898: 4895: 4893: 4890: 4888: 4885: 4883: 4880: 4878: 4875: 4873: 4870: 4868: 4865: 4863: 4860: 4858: 4855: 4853: 4850: 4846: 4843: 4841: 4838: 4837: 4836: 4833: 4831: 4828: 4826: 4823: 4821: 4818: 4816: 4813: 4812: 4810: 4808: 4802: 4796: 4793: 4791: 4788: 4786: 4783: 4781: 4778: 4776: 4775:Regional rail 4773: 4769: 4766: 4765: 4764: 4761: 4759: 4756: 4754: 4751: 4749: 4746: 4744: 4741: 4739: 4736: 4734: 4731: 4729: 4726: 4724: 4721: 4719: 4716: 4714: 4711: 4709: 4706: 4704: 4701: 4699: 4696: 4692: 4689: 4688: 4687: 4684: 4682: 4679: 4677: 4674: 4672: 4669: 4667: 4664: 4662: 4659: 4657: 4656:Commuter rail 4654: 4652: 4649: 4647: 4644: 4642: 4639: 4635: 4632: 4631: 4630: 4627: 4626: 4624: 4622: 4618: 4612: 4609: 4607: 4604: 4602: 4599: 4597: 4594: 4592: 4589: 4587: 4584: 4582: 4579: 4577: 4574: 4572: 4569: 4565: 4562: 4561: 4560: 4559:Intercity bus 4557: 4555: 4552: 4550: 4547: 4545: 4542: 4540: 4537: 4535: 4532: 4530: 4527: 4523: 4520: 4518: 4515: 4514: 4513: 4510: 4509: 4507: 4505: 4501: 4497: 4490: 4485: 4483: 4478: 4476: 4471: 4470: 4467: 4461: 4458: 4456: 4453: 4452: 4448: 4442: 4436: 4432: 4427: 4415: 4411: 4407: 4402: 4398: 4392: 4388: 4384: 4383:Ovenden, Mark 4380: 4376: 4370: 4366: 4361: 4357: 4351: 4347: 4346: 4340: 4338: 4335: 4331: 4329: 4325: 4321: 4317: 4316: 4312: 4296: 4292: 4285: 4278: 4275: 4262: 4261: 4256: 4250: 4247: 4235: 4231: 4228: 4221: 4218: 4206: 4205: 4200: 4193: 4190: 4185: 4178: 4175: 4170: 4163: 4160: 4147: 4143: 4139: 4133: 4130: 4125: 4119: 4115: 4108: 4105: 4092: 4088: 4082: 4079: 4063: 4056: 4050: 4047: 4042: 4038: 4033: 4032:10044/1/82997 4028: 4024: 4020: 4016: 4012: 4005: 4002: 3998: 3992: 3989: 3977: 3973: 3967: 3964: 3958: 3956: 3954: 3950: 3944: 3941: 3935: 3932: 3928: 3923: 3921: 3917: 3913: 3909: 3906: 3900: 3897: 3892: 3888: 3884: 3880: 3876: 3872: 3868: 3864: 3860: 3853: 3850: 3844: 3841: 3835: 3832: 3819: 3815: 3809: 3806: 3800: 3797: 3793: 3789: 3785: 3782: 3779:Todd Litman, 3776: 3774: 3772: 3770: 3768: 3764: 3759: 3755: 3751: 3747: 3743: 3739: 3732: 3729: 3713: 3709: 3702: 3696: 3693: 3680: 3676: 3670: 3667: 3654: 3650: 3644: 3641: 3625: 3621: 3614: 3608: 3605: 3592: 3588: 3582: 3579: 3574: 3570: 3566: 3559: 3556: 3540: 3533: 3527: 3524: 3521: 3517: 3514: 3510: 3506: 3503: 3497: 3494: 3486: 3482: 3475: 3468: 3465: 3452: 3448: 3442: 3439: 3426: 3422: 3415: 3412: 3407: 3403: 3399: 3393: 3390: 3377: 3373: 3367: 3364: 3351: 3347: 3341: 3337: 3336: 3328: 3325: 3317: 3313: 3306: 3299: 3297: 3293: 3281: 3280:The Economist 3277: 3271: 3268: 3264: 3252: 3248: 3244: 3237: 3234: 3230: 3226: 3223: 3218: 3215: 3211: 3207: 3204: 3199: 3196: 3184: 3180: 3173: 3170: 3157: 3153: 3149: 3143: 3140: 3127: 3123: 3119: 3104: 3100: 3099: 3094: 3088: 3085: 3080: 3076: 3072: 3070:9781642832136 3066: 3062: 3055: 3053: 3051: 3049: 3047: 3043: 3030: 3026: 3019: 3016: 3003: 2999: 2993: 2990: 2977: 2973: 2969: 2962: 2959: 2946: 2942: 2938: 2931: 2928: 2916: 2912: 2905: 2902: 2889: 2885: 2883:9780199329175 2879: 2875: 2871: 2867: 2863: 2856: 2853: 2840: 2834: 2831: 2826: 2820: 2817: 2804: 2800: 2794: 2791: 2779: 2775: 2768: 2765: 2761: 2757: 2754: 2748: 2745: 2742: 2738: 2734: 2728: 2725: 2720: 2718:9780761475644 2714: 2709: 2708: 2699: 2696: 2693: 2687: 2684: 2671: 2667: 2661: 2658: 2645: 2644:The Economist 2641: 2635: 2632: 2619: 2615: 2609: 2606: 2600: 2595: 2590: 2585: 2581: 2577: 2573: 2566: 2563: 2550: 2546: 2542: 2536: 2533: 2528: 2524: 2520: 2516: 2512: 2508: 2501: 2499: 2495: 2491: 2480: 2479:UK Government 2476: 2470: 2467: 2463: 2451: 2447: 2443: 2437: 2434: 2430: 2418: 2414: 2410: 2404: 2401: 2394: 2389: 2386: 2384: 2381: 2379: 2376: 2374: 2371: 2369: 2366: 2364: 2361: 2359: 2356: 2354: 2351: 2349: 2346: 2344: 2341: 2339: 2336: 2334: 2331: 2329: 2326: 2324: 2321: 2319: 2316: 2314: 2311: 2309: 2306: 2304: 2301: 2299: 2298:9-Euro-Ticket 2296: 2295: 2290: 2284: 2279: 2274: 2272: 2269: 2265: 2260: 2256: 2252: 2248: 2244: 2240: 2236: 2235:United States 2231: 2223: 2219:Social issues 2218: 2216: 2212: 2210: 2206: 2202: 2188: 2180: 2178: 2176: 2172: 2168: 2162: 2155: 2151: 2147: 2140: 2138: 2136: 2132: 2127: 2126:CO₂ emissions 2122: 2118: 2116: 2110: 2106: 2078: 2073: 2069: 2068:) emissions. 2063: 2059: 2054: 2051: 2047: 2042: 2040: 2036: 2031: 2029: 2024: 2020: 2016: 2009:manufacturer. 2008: 2004: 2000: 1996: 1991: 1986: 1979:Environmental 1978: 1976: 1969: 1966: 1962: 1957: 1950:Accessibility 1949: 1944: 1942: 1939: 1935: 1933: 1927: 1919: 1915: 1912:deputy and a 1911: 1906: 1899: 1897: 1895: 1894:conservatives 1890: 1886: 1884: 1880: 1875: 1873: 1869: 1864: 1863:aviation fuel 1858: 1853: 1845: 1843: 1841: 1837: 1833: 1829: 1825: 1821: 1819: 1815: 1811: 1807: 1806:whole network 1803: 1799: 1793: 1791: 1787: 1783: 1778: 1776: 1772: 1768: 1763: 1761: 1757: 1753: 1749: 1745: 1741: 1733: 1729: 1725: 1720: 1714: 1709: 1702: 1700: 1698: 1694: 1690: 1682: 1680: 1678: 1674: 1669: 1666: 1662: 1658: 1654: 1650: 1645: 1637: 1635: 1634:or airport). 1633: 1626: 1622: 1621:Transport hub 1614: 1612: 1605: 1601: 1598: 1594: 1575: 1573: 1567: 1562: 1557: 1553: 1545: 1543: 1541: 1537: 1528: 1523: 1519: 1511: 1509: 1507: 1503: 1499: 1495: 1487: 1483: 1482: 1476: 1471: 1463: 1461: 1459: 1455: 1451: 1447: 1443: 1442:Mi Teleférico 1439: 1435: 1431: 1426: 1424: 1420: 1419:gondola lifts 1412: 1408: 1404: 1399: 1395: 1391: 1383: 1381: 1379: 1375: 1371: 1367: 1363: 1359: 1353: 1348: 1343: 1335: 1333: 1331: 1327: 1323: 1318: 1316: 1308: 1304: 1299: 1294: 1286: 1284: 1282: 1274: 1270: 1266: 1262: 1257: 1249: 1247: 1244: 1237: 1232: 1227: 1219: 1217: 1212: 1204: 1202: 1200: 1196: 1192: 1191:people movers 1187: 1184: 1176: 1175:rapid transit 1171: 1164: 1160: 1155: 1150: 1149:Rapid transit 1143:Rapid transit 1142: 1140: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1125: 1123: 1122:park and ride 1119: 1115: 1111: 1107: 1103: 1102:Commuter rail 1096: 1092: 1087: 1082: 1081:Commuter rail 1075:Commuter rail 1074: 1072: 1070: 1066: 1062: 1058: 1057:commuter rail 1054: 1053:people movers 1050: 1049:rapid transit 1046: 1042: 1038: 1032: 1028: 1024: 1019: 1011: 1009: 1006: 1002: 999: 993: 988: 983: 979: 971: 969: 967: 963: 959: 951: 947: 942: 934: 932: 930: 926: 922: 917: 915: 911: 907: 903: 899: 893: 889: 885: 880: 876: 868: 866: 864: 860: 856: 854: 849: 847: 842: 838: 832: 828: 824: 818: 814: 809: 803: 799: 795: 790: 786: 779:Bus and coach 778: 776: 769: 765: 760: 759:Bush airplane 756: 748: 746: 744: 740: 736: 731: 729: 725: 721: 717: 713: 709: 705: 701: 697: 692: 684: 677: 672: 670: 668: 667: 661: 658: 655: 650: 645: 643: 639: 635: 631: 630: 625: 621: 617: 612: 610: 606: 602: 601:Blaise Pascal 598: 594: 590: 585: 583: 579: 575: 571: 567: 563: 562:ancient Egypt 559: 555: 551: 550:coaching inns 547: 542: 540: 536: 532: 528: 524: 523:ferry service 517: 512: 504: 497: 495: 493: 487: 485: 480: 478: 474: 469: 467: 463: 459: 454: 452: 448: 444: 440: 436: 432: 431:rapid transit 428: 424: 420: 416: 412: 408: 404: 400: 396: 392: 388: 384: 380: 369: 364: 362: 357: 355: 350: 349: 347: 346: 343: 338: 333: 332: 327: 324: 322: 319: 317: 314: 312: 309: 303: 300: 299: 298: 295: 294: 293: 289: 286: 284: 281: 279: 276: 274: 271: 269: 266: 264: 261: 259: 256: 254: 251: 249: 246: 244: 243:Accessibility 241: 240: 239: 238: 233: 228: 225: 223: 220: 218: 215: 213: 210: 208: 205: 203: 202:Rapid transit 200: 198: 195: 193: 190: 188: 185: 183: 180: 178: 175: 173: 170: 168: 167:Human-powered 165: 163: 160: 158: 155: 153: 150: 149: 148: 147: 144: 140: 137: 133: 129: 128: 120: 116: 112: 108: 104: 103:United States 100: 96: 92: 82: 73: 62: 53: 44: 40: 33: 19: 6348: 6336: 6289:Public float 6224:Job creation 6176:Public space 6103:Public works 6037: 5980:Public value 5975:Public trust 5813: 5788:Timing point 5773:Request stop 5716:Other topics 5573:Bus bunching 5557:Travel class 5516:Radial route 5496:Circle route 5480:Transit pass 5441:Penalty fare 5401:Fare evasion 5396:Fare capping 5381:Dead mileage 5338:Transit mall 5061:Gondola lift 4840:Microtransit 4748:People mover 4661:Circle route 4576:Open top bus 4539:Circle route 4495: 4430: 4418:. Retrieved 4414:the original 4409: 4386: 4364: 4344: 4336:3(1):45–58. 4333: 4319: 4298:. Retrieved 4291:www.ITDP.org 4290: 4277: 4265:. Retrieved 4258: 4249: 4237:. Retrieved 4229: 4220: 4208:. Retrieved 4202: 4192: 4183: 4177: 4168: 4162: 4150:. Retrieved 4146:the original 4141: 4132: 4113: 4107: 4095:. Retrieved 4091:the original 4081: 4069:. Retrieved 4062:the original 4049: 4014: 4010: 4004: 3996: 3991: 3979:. Retrieved 3975: 3966: 3943: 3934: 3899: 3866: 3862: 3852: 3847:Newman, 1999 3843: 3834: 3822:. Retrieved 3818:the original 3808: 3799: 3791: 3744:(1): 77–95. 3741: 3737: 3731: 3719:. Retrieved 3707: 3695: 3683:. Retrieved 3669: 3657:. Retrieved 3643: 3631:. Retrieved 3619: 3607: 3595:. Retrieved 3591:the original 3581: 3573:the original 3568: 3558: 3546:. Retrieved 3526: 3496: 3480: 3467: 3455:. Retrieved 3450: 3441: 3429:. Retrieved 3425:the original 3414: 3406:the original 3401: 3392: 3380:. Retrieved 3366: 3354:. Retrieved 3334: 3327: 3311: 3283:. Retrieved 3279: 3270: 3262: 3255:. Retrieved 3246: 3236: 3222:– Planetizen 3217: 3198: 3186:. Retrieved 3183:Magic Guides 3182: 3172: 3160:. Retrieved 3156:the original 3142: 3130:. Retrieved 3126:the original 3107:. Retrieved 3096: 3087: 3060: 3033:. Retrieved 3029:the original 3018: 3006:. Retrieved 2992: 2980:. Retrieved 2971: 2961: 2949:. Retrieved 2940: 2930: 2918:. Retrieved 2914: 2904: 2892:. Retrieved 2865: 2855: 2843:. Retrieved 2833: 2819: 2807:. Retrieved 2793: 2781:. Retrieved 2777: 2767: 2747: 2732: 2727: 2706: 2698: 2686: 2674:. Retrieved 2669: 2660: 2648:. Retrieved 2643: 2634: 2622:. Retrieved 2618:the original 2608: 2599:11299/171057 2579: 2575: 2565: 2553:. Retrieved 2549:the original 2544: 2535: 2510: 2506: 2489: 2482:. Retrieved 2478: 2469: 2461: 2454:. Retrieved 2445: 2436: 2428: 2421:. Retrieved 2417:the original 2412: 2403: 2368:Transit pass 2251:Cairo, Egypt 2227: 2213: 2208: 2197: 2175:urban sprawl 2163: 2159: 2123: 2119: 2111: 2107: 2082: 2057: 2055: 2043: 2032: 2012: 1973: 1965:Sydney Metro 1940: 1936: 1929: 1891: 1887: 1876: 1859: 1855: 1822: 1813: 1797: 1794: 1779: 1775:zone pricing 1767:transit pass 1764: 1742:to generate 1737: 1686: 1670: 1647: 1628: 1615:Interchanges 1609: 1595:from atop a 1570: 1533: 1493: 1491: 1479: 1427: 1416: 1394:Gondola lift 1356: 1319: 1312: 1307:Kuala Lumpur 1277: 1245: 1241: 1214: 1211:People mover 1205:People mover 1188: 1180: 1126: 1100: 1035: 1003: 996: 955: 918: 898:Trolleybuses 896: 875:Electric bus 857: 850: 837:Bus services 835: 798:TransJakarta 773: 732: 724:overcrowding 693: 689: 664: 662: 659: 646: 627: 613: 586: 546:stagecoaches 543: 520: 488: 481: 470: 455: 415:trolleybuses 394: 393:, or simply 391:mass transit 390: 386: 382: 378: 377: 287: 43: 6141:Public bank 6116:Free clinic 5950:Public land 5900:Common good 5793:Transit map 5768:Public good 5685:and signage 5542:First class 5456:Smart cards 5431:Money train 5293:Kassel kerb 5253:Bus station 5041:Cable ferry 5008:Ocean liner 4988:Cable ferry 4845:Paratransit 4606:Transit bus 4601:Shuttle bus 4549:Express bus 4504:Bus service 4017:: 362–374. 3162:27 February 3132:27 February 3109:27 February 2894:28 November 2624:14 December 2313:Hitchhiking 2150:Traffic jam 1832:sponsorship 1697:fiber optic 1665:Mobile apps 1540:human power 1478:Water bus ( 1430:ski resorts 1374:paratransit 1281:interurbans 1265:Valley Line 1195:light metro 1118:shuttle bus 1095:Los Angeles 827:SBS Transit 739:comfortable 735:predictable 704:convenience 700:direct cost 582:grain trade 578:Grand Canal 473:real estate 466:Paratransit 462:Share taxis 263:Engineering 253:Cyclability 6366:Categories 6314:Public use 6196:Urban park 6136:Public art 5925:Public bad 5743:Dwell time 5733:Crush load 5683:Technology 5603:Short turn 5566:Scheduling 5530:Facilities 5318:Queue jump 5238:Bus garage 5140:Carsharing 5018:Water taxi 4998:Hovercraft 4950:Car jockey 4942:Carpooling 4917:Share taxi 4887:Marshrutka 4852:Dollar van 4795:Tram-train 4723:Light rail 4718:Interurban 4681:Heavy rail 4611:Trolleybus 4571:Marshrutka 4554:Guided bus 4097:21 October 4071:21 October 3685:21 October 3659:21 October 3633:29 October 3597:21 October 3548:21 October 3431:21 October 3382:21 October 3356:21 October 3257:30 January 3177:suzannep. 3079:2021935870 3035:21 October 3008:21 October 2982:20 January 2951:30 January 2809:21 October 2741:0521070600 2555:15 January 2456:30 January 2423:30 January 2395:References 1914:police dog 1840:Luxembourg 1814:job ticket 1752:smart card 1728:smart card 1724:SmartRider 1677:rush hours 1649:Timetables 1638:Timetables 1309:, Malaysia 1256:Light rail 1250:Light rail 1069:funiculars 1045:light rail 1027:Merseyrail 962:signalling 879:Trolleybus 813:Transmetro 626:built the 622:. 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