958:
3822:
3834:
2603:(atomic number 104). (Lawrencium, the first 6d element, is sometimes but not always included as well.) They have only been made artificially and currently serve no practical purpose because their short half-lives cause them to decay after a very short time, ranging from a few hours to just a few milliseconds, which also makes them extremely hard to study.
2606:
Superheavy atoms have all been created since the latter half of the 20th century and are continually being created during the 21st century as technology advances. They are created through the bombardment of elements in a particle accelerator, in quantities on the atomic scale, and no method of mass
2615:
Transuranium elements may be used to synthesize other superheavy elements. Elements of the island of stability have potentially important military applications, including the development of compact nuclear weapons. The potential everyday applications are vast; the element
1477:. This name caused controversy because Seaborg was still alive, but it eventually became accepted by international chemists (1974). This discovery was also claimed by JINR. IUPAC concluded that the Berkeley team had been the first to convincingly synthesise the element.
1068:, so any primordial atoms of these elements, if they ever were present at the Earth's formation, have long since decayed. Trace amounts of neptunium and plutonium form in some uranium-rich rock, and small amounts are produced during atmospheric tests of
1538:
where this work was performed (1984). This discovery was also claimed by JINR. IUPAC concluded that the GSI had been the first to convincingly synthesise the element, while acknowledging the pioneering work at
1577:
to resolve the dispute on element 105 (despite having protested the reusing of established names for different elements). IUPAC concluded that GSI had been the first to convincingly synthesize the element.
1045:; all four occur in nature, but only in very minor branches of the uranium and thorium decay chains, and thus all save francium were first discovered by synthesis in the laboratory rather than in nature.
1134:
Heavy transuranic elements are difficult and expensive to produce, and their prices increase rapidly with atomic number. As of 2008, the cost of weapons-grade plutonium was around $ 4,000/gram, and
1392:
and LBNL (which hosted the creation of these transuranium elements) are named (1961). This discovery was also claimed by the JINR (1965), which doubted the LBNL claim and proposed the name
3627:
3637:
1513:(1981). This discovery was also claimed by JINR. IUPAC concluded that the GSI had been the first to convincingly synthesise the element. The GSI team had originally proposed
1127:. Some heavier elements in this series, around atomic numbers 110–114, are thought to break the trend and demonstrate increased nuclear stability, comprising the theoretical
3687:
3784:
3662:
3059:
Christian
Schnier, Joachim Feuerborn, Bong-Jun Lee: The search for super heavy elements (SHE) in terrestrial minerals using XRF with high energy synchrotron radiation. (
1631:) where the element was discovered (2004). This discovery was also claimed by JINR. IUPAC concluded that RIKEN had been the first to convincingly synthesise the element.
1146:
3667:
3642:
3088:
3622:
3338:
1517:(Ns) to resolve the naming dispute on element 105, but this was changed by IUPAC as there was no precedent for using a scientist's first name in an element name.
3751:
1154:
1119:. The half-lives of these elements show a general trend of decreasing as atomic numbers increase. There are exceptions, however, including several isotopes of
3761:
3756:
3697:
3657:
3652:
3612:
1180:
3672:
3607:
3393:
3766:
3746:
3533:
3602:
3566:
1166:
2830:
1357:
in Sweden (1957) – though it later became apparent that the
Swedish team had not discovered the element, the LBNL team decided to adopt their name
2736:
3647:
3597:
1641:
1389:
3692:
3617:
3528:
2957:
2773:
2700:
1172:
2881:
1176:
2760:
Silva, Robert J. (2006). "Fermium, Mendelevium, Nobelium and
Lawrencium". In Morss, Lester R.; Edelstein, Norman M.; Fuger, Jean (eds.).
3126:
3081:
3864:
3561:
3518:
2946:
The
Physical Principles of Thermonuclear Explosives, Intertial Confinement Fusion, and the Quest for Fourth Generation Nuclear Weapons
1192:
2721:
3837:
3734:
2765:
2963:
3682:
3556:
3053:
1565:, Germany, the city in which this work was performed (1994). This discovery was also claimed by JINR, which proposed the name
1369:(1965). IUPAC concluded that the JINR had been the first to convincingly synthesise the element (1965), but retained the name
3719:
3074:
3036:
1705:
36:
972: Slightly radioactive elements: the most stable isotope is very long-lived, with a half-life of over two million years.
3711:
3632:
3522:
2980:
2637:
3741:
1366:
3576:
2856:
2652:
1145:
Transuranic elements that have not been discovered, or have been discovered but are not yet officially named, use
3509:
1585:
3859:
3111:
1673:, Lv, named after the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, a collaborator with JINR in the discovery (2000).
3060:
3052:
Christian
Schnier, Joachim Feuerborn, Bong-Jun Lee: Traces of transuranium elements in terrestrial minerals? (
1241:, following the same naming rule as it follows neptunium and Pluto follows Neptune in the Solar System (1940).
984: Significantly radioactive elements: the most stable isotope has half-life between one day and 130 years.
990: Highly radioactive elements: the most stable isotope has half-life between several minutes and one day.
3825:
3794:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3245:
3116:
1487:
1150:
996: Extremely radioactive elements: the most stable known isotope has half-life less than several minutes.
3315:
3142:
2740:
1264:
3030:
3789:
3370:
2797:
28:
3155:
2909:
2812:
1283:
1116:
3022:
Eric Scerri, A Very Short
Introduction to the Periodic Table, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2011.
2745:
3388:
1596:
1128:
3476:
3436:
2873:
2583:
1381:
2848:
1361:. This discovery was also claimed by JINR, which doubted the LBNL claim, and named the element
1048:
All the elements with higher atomic numbers have been first discovered in the laboratory, with
978: Radioactive elements: the most stable isotope has half-life between 800 and 34,000 years.
957:
3571:
3441:
2953:
2925:
2900:
2898:
Lougheed, R. W.; et al. (1985). "Search for superheavy elements using Ca + Es reaction".
2793:
2769:
2696:
2295:
1628:
1534:
1412:
1397:
1108:
961:
Periodic table with elements colored according to the half-life of their most stable isotope.
946:
934:
626:
2952:. International Network of Engineers and Scientists Against Proliferation. pp. 110–115.
1684:, where the berkelium target needed for the synthesis of the element was manufactured (2010).
1171:
So far, essentially all the transuranium elements have been discovered at four laboratories:
945:
which have been found in trace amounts in nature, none occur naturally on Earth and they are
3806:
3729:
3724:
3548:
3500:
3365:
3323:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3205:
3200:
3195:
2917:
2865:
2820:
1609:
1605:
1491:
1474:
1339:
1331:
1267:, scientists who separated out the first radioactive elements (1944), as its lighter analog
1065:
922:
2737:
Applications and
Availability of Californium-252 Neutron Sources for Waste Characterization
3677:
3538:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
2621:
1692:
1637:
1570:
1551:
1354:
1305:
1112:
1073:
2717:
3025:
2913:
2816:
1001:
Of the elements with atomic numbers 1 to 92, most can be found in nature, having stable
3486:
3481:
3451:
3446:
3431:
3097:
2647:
1710:
1652:
1495:
1428:
1420:
1416:
1335:
1320:
1204:
1196:
1069:
41:
1454:
by the
Berkeley group (1970). This discovery was also claimed by JINR, which named it
1175:(LBNL) in the United States (elements 93–101, 106, and joint credit for 103–105), the
3853:
2944:
2625:
2600:
2465:
1663:
1408:
1272:
1200:
1101:
1097:
1018:
926:
796:
2877:
3801:
3466:
3461:
3215:
3150:
2673:
2507:
2374:
2148:
1558:
1547:
1350:
1316:
1260:
1227:
1010:
838:
705:
479:
17:
3047:
3581:
3456:
3210:
2549:
2521:
2514:
2444:
2430:
2423:
1670:
1592:
1581:
1327:
1301:
1290:
1139:
1135:
1093:
1085:
1077:
1057:
880:
852:
845:
775:
761:
754:
2672:
Pluto was a planet at the time of naming, but has since been reclassified as a
1179:(JINR) in Russia (elements 102 and 114–118, and joint credit for 103–105), the
3355:
3007:
2556:
2500:
2479:
2458:
2197:
2183:
2162:
2034:
2027:
1828:
1677:
1543:
1506:
1482:
The
Gesellschaft fĂĽr Schwerionenforschung (Society for Heavy Ion Research) in
1470:
1459:
1377:
1294:
1268:
1081:
1034:
1030:
887:
831:
810:
789:
528:
514:
493:
365:
358:
159:
2921:
3411:
3380:
3235:
3225:
3220:
2869:
2617:
2563:
2542:
2535:
2416:
2402:
2395:
2388:
2225:
2155:
2134:
2097:
2055:
2041:
2013:
1995:
1951:
1902:
1858:
1814:
1805:
1745:
1688:
1681:
1659:
1648:
1562:
1483:
1451:
1385:
1279:
1245:
1234:
1211:
1061:
1053:
1049:
942:
938:
894:
873:
866:
747:
733:
726:
719:
556:
486:
465:
428:
386:
372:
344:
326:
282:
233:
189:
145:
136:
76:
2929:
2825:
1431:. IUPAC concluded that credit should be shared, and adopted the LBNL name
1252:, and so was named after the continent where it was first produced (1944).
1142:
is the heaviest element that has been produced in macroscopic quantities.
3403:
3360:
2528:
2451:
2360:
2346:
2330:
2323:
2302:
2281:
2253:
2246:
2232:
2176:
2169:
2090:
1988:
1965:
1895:
1888:
1881:
1874:
1842:
1782:
1768:
1720:
1616:
1346:
1249:
1042:
1038:
859:
782:
691:
677:
661:
654:
633:
612:
584:
577:
563:
507:
500:
421:
319:
296:
226:
219:
212:
205:
173:
113:
99:
51:
1550:, an Austrian physicist who was one of the earliest scientists to study
1462:. IUPAC concluded that credit should be shared, and renamed the element
3230:
2493:
2486:
2472:
2437:
2381:
2367:
2316:
2274:
2260:
2239:
2218:
2204:
2190:
2120:
2069:
2048:
2020:
2006:
1979:
1972:
1958:
1944:
1865:
1821:
1738:
1695:, who led the JINR team in its discovery of elements 114 to 118 (2002).
1521:
1502:
1439:
1312:
1219:
1215:
1124:
1089:
1022:
1014:
1002:
930:
824:
817:
803:
768:
712:
698:
647:
605:
591:
570:
549:
535:
521:
451:
400:
379:
351:
337:
310:
303:
289:
275:
196:
152:
69:
3044:(network of the European integrated infrastructure initiative EURONS)
2409:
2353:
2267:
2211:
2141:
2127:
2104:
2076:
2062:
1930:
1923:
1916:
1835:
1798:
1775:
1761:
1729:
1529:
1256:
1223:
1120:
1006:
740:
684:
598:
542:
472:
458:
435:
407:
393:
261:
254:
247:
166:
129:
106:
92:
60:
1419:(1969). This discovery was also claimed by JINR, led principally by
1400:. IUPAC concluded that credit should be shared, retaining the name
3347:
2988:
2849:"Recent developments concerning the discovery of elements 100–111"
2337:
2111:
1849:
1754:
1620:
1525:
1443:
1238:
1184:
1026:
956:
668:
442:
180:
85:
3066:
1640:, in collaboration with several other laboratories including the
1286:, where the University of California, Berkeley is located (1949).
2309:
2288:
1937:
1909:
1789:
1510:
640:
619:
268:
240:
120:
3070:
3041:
2083:
414:
2599:) usually refer to the transactinide elements beginning with
1353:(1958). The element was originally claimed by a team at the
2695:(9th ed.). New York: Wiley Interscience. p. 738.
966: Elements which contain at least one stable isotope.
2762:
The
Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements
1153:. The naming of transuranic elements may be a source of
1509:, important in the elucidation of the structure of the
937:
and decay into other elements. With the exception of
3777:
3710:
3590:
3547:
3508:
3499:
3424:
3402:
3379:
3346:
3336:
3314:
3244:
3141:
3134:
3125:
3104:
3031:
Annotated bibliography for the transuranic elements
3033:from the Alsos Digital Library for Nuclear Issues.
1319:, the physicist who produced the first controlled
1107:All elements heavier than plutonium are entirely
1384:, a physicist best known for development of the
1334:, credited for being the primary creator of the
929:greater than 92, which is the atomic number of
2764:(Third ed.). Dordrecht, The Netherlands:
34:Element whose atomic number is greater than 92
3082:
3042:Super Heavy Elements network official website
1415:, who was responsible for the concept of the
8:
1304:, Es, named after the theoretical physicist
2943:Gsponer, André; Hurni, Jean-Pierre (1997).
1191:The Radiation Laboratory (now LBNL) at the
1181:GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research
3505:
3343:
3138:
3131:
3089:
3075:
3067:
2716:Morel, Andrew (2008). Elert, Glenn (ed.).
1666:, where the element was discovered (2004).
1636:JINR in Dubna, Russia, led principally by
1446:, where JINR is located. Originally named
2824:
2744:
2735:Martin, Rodger C.; Kos, Steve E. (2001).
1297:, where the university is located (1950).
1056:later discovered in nature. They are all
2987:, vol. 35, May 2002, archived from
1167:Timeline of chemical element discoveries
1072:. These two elements are generated from
2683:
2665:
1573:, and by LBNL, which proposed the name
1505:, Bh, named after the Danish physicist
1373:as deeply entrenched in the literature.
1248:, Am, named because it is an analog to
2693:Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia
2655:, a place to deposit transuranic waste
1642:Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
1486:, Hessen, Germany, led principally by
1390:Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
2787:
2785:
2724:from the original on 20 October 2018.
1442:, Db, an element that is named after
1173:Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
7:
1177:Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
3833:
1651:, Fl, named after Soviet physicist
1183:in Germany (elements 107–112), and
2887:from the original on 21 July 2018.
2836:from the original on 20 July 2018.
1330:, Md, named after Russian chemist
1193:University of California, Berkeley
25:
2969:from the original on 6 June 2018.
3832:
3821:
3820:
1404:as entrenched in the literature.
2981:"Smoke Detectors and Americium"
2766:Springer Science+Business Media
1029:). The exceptions are elements
3151:1 (Hydrogen and alkali metals)
2691:Considine, Glenn, ed. (2002).
1588:, discoverer of X-rays (1994).
1388:, and the person for whom the
1:
3693:Thermal expansion coefficient
3389:Lists of metalloids by source
2985:Nuclear Issues Briefing Paper
2847:Greenwood, Norman N. (1997).
2798:"Quest for superheavy nuclei"
1595:, Cn, named after astronomer
1214:, Np, named after the planet
1608:, Japan, led principally by
1138:exceeded $ 60,000,000/gram.
1021:of the decay of uranium and
3432:Platinum-group metals (PGM)
3135:By periodic table structure
2620:is used in devices such as
3881:
3577:Goldschmidt classification
2857:Pure and Applied Chemistry
2653:Deep geological repository
2581:
2003:
1871:
1811:
1751:
1726:
1164:
334:
202:
142:
82:
57:
26:
3865:Sets of chemical elements
3815:
3156:2 (Alkaline earth metals)
3063:, PDF-Datei, 446 kB)
3056:, PDF-Datei, 493 kB)
2607:creation has been found.
1655:, founder of JINR (1999).
1423:: they named the element
1017:), or existing as common
2922:10.1103/PhysRevC.32.1760
2720:. The Physics Factbook.
2638:Bose–Einstein condensate
2578: > 103 (Lr)
1466:to honour the JINR team.
1187:in Japan (element 113).
1151:systematic element names
27:Not to be confused with
3795:systematic element name
3767:in East Asian languages
3117:Extended periodic table
3048:Darmstadtium and beyond
3026:The Superheavy Elements
3008:Nuclear Data Viewer 2.4
2870:10.1351/pac199769010179
2595:, commonly abbreviated
3638:Electron configuration
3628:Electrical resistivity
3567:Electron configuration
3371:Post-transition metals
1586:Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen
1524:, Hs, named after the
1111:; they are created in
1064:much shorter than the
998:
935:radioactively unstable
909: > 92 (U)
3472:Transuranium elements
3037:Transuranium elements
1367:Frédéric Joliot-Curie
1195:, led principally by
1117:particle accelerators
1009:) or very long-lived
960:
915:transuranium elements
38:Transuranium elements
29:Transactinide element
3688:Thermal conductivity
3663:Heat of vaporization
3105:Periodic table forms
2991:on 11 September 2002
2792:Heenen, Paul-Henri;
2718:"Price of Plutonium"
1644:(LLNL), since 2000:
1528:form of the name of
1498:, during 1980-2000:
1488:Gottfried MĂĽnzenberg
1222:and Neptune follows
1207:, during 1945-1974:
919:transuranic elements
3720:Element discoveries
3477:Superheavy elements
3437:Rare-earth elements
2914:1985PhRvC..32.1760L
2826:10.1051/epn:2002102
2817:2002ENews..33....5H
2589:Superheavy elements
1707:Superheavy elements
1702:Superheavy elements
1597:Nicolaus Copernicus
1129:island of stability
18:Transuranic element
2794:Nazarewicz, Witold
2584:Superheavy element
1691:, Og, named after
1680:, Ts, named after
1662:, Mc, named after
1619:, Nh, named after
1584:, Rg, named after
1561:, Ds, named after
1546:, Mt, named after
1473:, Sg, named after
1411:, Rf, named after
1382:Ernest O. Lawrence
1380:, Lr, named after
1349:, No, named after
1315:, Fm, named after
1293:, Cf, named after
1282:, Bk, named after
1259:, Cm, named after
1237:, Pu, named after
1228:planetary sequence
999:
933:. All of them are
3847:
3846:
3706:
3705:
3668:Ionization energy
3643:Electronegativity
3633:Electron affinity
3572:Electronegativity
3562:Crystal structure
3557:Aqueous chemistry
3534:Nuclear stability
3529:Atomic properties
3495:
3494:
3442:Refractory metals
3420:
3419:
3366:Transition metals
3332:
3331:
2959:978-3-933071-02-6
2901:Physical Review C
2775:978-1-4020-3555-5
2702:978-0-471-33230-5
2591:, (also known as
2571:
2570:
2297:Mercury (element)
1450:(Ha) in honor of
1413:Ernest Rutherford
1398:Ernest Rutherford
1340:chemical elements
923:chemical elements
902:
901:
628:Mercury (element)
16:(Redirected from
3872:
3836:
3835:
3824:
3823:
3807:Dmitri Mendeleev
3735:1869 predictions
3725:Dmitri Mendeleev
3506:
3344:
3324:Aufbau principle
3236:18 (Noble gases)
3139:
3132:
3127:Sets of elements
3091:
3084:
3077:
3068:
3011:
3005:
2999:
2998:
2997:
2996:
2977:
2971:
2970:
2968:
2951:
2940:
2934:
2933:
2908:(5): 1760–1763.
2895:
2889:
2888:
2886:
2853:
2844:
2838:
2837:
2835:
2828:
2805:Europhysics News
2802:
2789:
2780:
2779:
2757:
2751:
2750:
2748:
2732:
2726:
2725:
2713:
2707:
2706:
2688:
2677:
2670:
2593:superheavy atoms
2566:
2559:
2552:
2545:
2538:
2531:
2524:
2517:
2510:
2503:
2496:
2489:
2482:
2475:
2468:
2461:
2454:
2447:
2440:
2433:
2426:
2419:
2412:
2405:
2398:
2391:
2384:
2377:
2370:
2363:
2356:
2349:
2340:
2333:
2326:
2319:
2312:
2305:
2298:
2291:
2284:
2277:
2270:
2263:
2256:
2249:
2242:
2235:
2228:
2221:
2214:
2207:
2200:
2193:
2186:
2179:
2172:
2165:
2158:
2151:
2144:
2137:
2130:
2123:
2114:
2107:
2100:
2093:
2086:
2079:
2072:
2065:
2058:
2051:
2044:
2037:
2030:
2023:
2016:
2009:
1998:
1991:
1982:
1975:
1968:
1961:
1954:
1947:
1940:
1933:
1926:
1919:
1912:
1905:
1898:
1891:
1884:
1877:
1868:
1861:
1852:
1845:
1838:
1831:
1824:
1817:
1808:
1801:
1792:
1785:
1778:
1771:
1764:
1757:
1748:
1741:
1732:
1723:
1717:
1716:
1492:Peter Armbruster
1475:Glenn T. Seaborg
1332:Dmitri Mendeleev
1271:was named after
1218:, as it follows
1113:nuclear reactors
1080:with subsequent
1066:age of the Earth
995:
989:
983:
977:
971:
965:
897:
890:
883:
876:
869:
862:
855:
848:
841:
834:
827:
820:
813:
806:
799:
792:
785:
778:
771:
764:
757:
750:
743:
736:
729:
722:
715:
708:
701:
694:
687:
680:
671:
664:
657:
650:
643:
636:
629:
622:
615:
608:
601:
594:
587:
580:
573:
566:
559:
552:
545:
538:
531:
524:
517:
510:
503:
496:
489:
482:
475:
468:
461:
454:
445:
438:
431:
424:
417:
410:
403:
396:
389:
382:
375:
368:
361:
354:
347:
340:
329:
322:
313:
306:
299:
292:
285:
278:
271:
264:
257:
250:
243:
236:
229:
222:
215:
208:
199:
192:
183:
176:
169:
162:
155:
148:
139:
132:
123:
116:
109:
102:
95:
88:
79:
72:
63:
54:
48:
47:
21:
3880:
3879:
3875:
3874:
3873:
3871:
3870:
3869:
3860:Nuclear physics
3850:
3849:
3848:
3843:
3811:
3773:
3702:
3678:Oxidation state
3586:
3543:
3491:
3487:Minor actinides
3482:Major actinides
3447:Precious metals
3416:
3398:
3375:
3328:
3310:
3240:
3226:16 (Chalcogens)
3221:15 (Pnictogens)
3121:
3100:
3095:
3019:
3017:Further reading
3014:
3006:
3002:
2994:
2992:
2979:
2978:
2974:
2966:
2960:
2949:
2942:
2941:
2937:
2897:
2896:
2892:
2884:
2851:
2846:
2845:
2841:
2833:
2800:
2791:
2790:
2783:
2776:
2759:
2758:
2754:
2746:10.1.1.499.1273
2734:
2733:
2729:
2715:
2714:
2710:
2703:
2690:
2689:
2685:
2681:
2680:
2671:
2667:
2662:
2640:(also known as
2634:
2622:smoke detectors
2613:
2586:
2580:
2579:
2573:
2572:
2564:
2557:
2550:
2543:
2536:
2529:
2522:
2515:
2508:
2501:
2494:
2487:
2480:
2473:
2466:
2459:
2452:
2445:
2438:
2431:
2424:
2417:
2410:
2403:
2396:
2389:
2382:
2375:
2368:
2361:
2354:
2347:
2338:
2331:
2324:
2317:
2310:
2303:
2296:
2289:
2282:
2275:
2268:
2261:
2254:
2247:
2240:
2233:
2226:
2219:
2212:
2205:
2198:
2191:
2184:
2177:
2170:
2163:
2156:
2149:
2142:
2135:
2128:
2121:
2112:
2105:
2098:
2091:
2084:
2077:
2070:
2063:
2056:
2049:
2042:
2035:
2028:
2021:
2014:
2007:
1996:
1989:
1980:
1973:
1966:
1959:
1952:
1945:
1938:
1931:
1924:
1917:
1910:
1903:
1896:
1889:
1882:
1875:
1866:
1859:
1850:
1843:
1836:
1829:
1822:
1815:
1806:
1799:
1790:
1783:
1776:
1769:
1762:
1755:
1746:
1739:
1730:
1721:
1713:
1708:
1704:
1693:Yuri Oganessian
1638:Yuri Oganessian
1571:Henri Becquerel
1552:nuclear fission
1355:Nobel Institute
1306:Albert Einstein
1169:
1163:
1074:neutron capture
1070:nuclear weapons
997:
993:
991:
987:
985:
981:
979:
975:
973:
969:
967:
963:
955:
917:(also known as
911:
910:
904:
903:
895:
888:
881:
874:
867:
860:
853:
846:
839:
832:
825:
818:
811:
804:
797:
790:
783:
776:
769:
762:
755:
748:
741:
734:
727:
720:
713:
706:
699:
692:
685:
678:
669:
662:
655:
648:
641:
634:
627:
620:
613:
606:
599:
592:
585:
578:
571:
564:
557:
550:
543:
536:
529:
522:
515:
508:
501:
494:
487:
480:
473:
466:
459:
452:
443:
436:
429:
422:
415:
408:
401:
394:
387:
380:
373:
366:
359:
352:
345:
338:
327:
320:
311:
304:
297:
290:
283:
276:
269:
262:
255:
248:
241:
234:
227:
220:
213:
206:
197:
190:
181:
174:
167:
160:
153:
146:
137:
130:
121:
114:
107:
100:
93:
86:
77:
70:
61:
52:
44:
39:
35:
32:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3878:
3876:
3868:
3867:
3862:
3852:
3851:
3845:
3844:
3842:
3841:
3829:
3816:
3813:
3812:
3810:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3798:
3797:
3792:
3781:
3779:
3775:
3774:
3772:
3771:
3770:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3739:
3738:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3716:
3714:
3708:
3707:
3704:
3703:
3701:
3700:
3698:Vapor pressure
3695:
3690:
3685:
3683:Speed of sound
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3658:Heat of fusion
3655:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3613:Critical point
3610:
3605:
3600:
3594:
3592:
3588:
3587:
3585:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3553:
3551:
3545:
3544:
3542:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3514:
3512:
3503:
3497:
3496:
3493:
3492:
3490:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3452:Coinage metals
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3428:
3426:
3422:
3421:
3418:
3417:
3415:
3414:
3408:
3406:
3400:
3399:
3397:
3396:
3391:
3385:
3383:
3377:
3376:
3374:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3352:
3350:
3341:
3334:
3333:
3330:
3329:
3327:
3326:
3320:
3318:
3312:
3311:
3309:
3308:
3307:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3250:
3248:
3242:
3241:
3239:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3147:
3145:
3136:
3129:
3123:
3122:
3120:
3119:
3114:
3108:
3106:
3102:
3101:
3098:Periodic table
3096:
3094:
3093:
3086:
3079:
3071:
3065:
3064:
3057:
3050:
3045:
3039:
3034:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3012:
3000:
2972:
2958:
2935:
2890:
2864:(1): 179–184.
2839:
2781:
2774:
2752:
2727:
2708:
2701:
2682:
2679:
2678:
2664:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2657:
2656:
2650:
2648:Minor actinide
2645:
2633:
2630:
2612:
2609:
2582:Main article:
2574:
2569:
2568:
2561:
2554:
2547:
2540:
2533:
2526:
2519:
2512:
2505:
2498:
2491:
2484:
2477:
2470:
2463:
2456:
2449:
2442:
2435:
2428:
2421:
2414:
2407:
2400:
2393:
2386:
2379:
2372:
2365:
2358:
2351:
2343:
2342:
2335:
2328:
2321:
2314:
2307:
2300:
2293:
2286:
2279:
2272:
2265:
2258:
2251:
2244:
2237:
2230:
2223:
2216:
2209:
2202:
2195:
2188:
2181:
2174:
2167:
2160:
2153:
2146:
2139:
2132:
2125:
2117:
2116:
2109:
2102:
2095:
2088:
2081:
2074:
2067:
2060:
2053:
2046:
2039:
2032:
2025:
2018:
2011:
2004:
2002:
2000:
1993:
1985:
1984:
1977:
1970:
1963:
1956:
1949:
1942:
1935:
1928:
1921:
1914:
1907:
1900:
1893:
1886:
1879:
1872:
1870:
1863:
1855:
1854:
1847:
1840:
1833:
1826:
1819:
1812:
1810:
1803:
1795:
1794:
1787:
1780:
1773:
1766:
1759:
1752:
1750:
1743:
1735:
1734:
1727:
1725:
1715:
1714:
1711:periodic table
1706:
1703:
1700:
1699:
1698:
1697:
1696:
1685:
1674:
1667:
1656:
1653:Georgy Flyorov
1634:
1633:
1632:
1602:
1601:
1600:
1589:
1578:
1555:
1540:
1518:
1496:Sigurd Hofmann
1480:
1479:
1478:
1467:
1436:
1429:Igor Kurchatov
1421:Georgy Flyorov
1417:atomic nucleus
1405:
1374:
1343:
1336:periodic table
1324:
1321:chain reaction
1309:
1298:
1287:
1276:
1253:
1242:
1231:
1205:Albert Ghiorso
1197:Edwin McMillan
1162:
1159:
1019:decay products
992:
986:
980:
974:
968:
962:
954:
951:
927:atomic numbers
905:
900:
899:
892:
885:
878:
871:
864:
857:
850:
843:
836:
829:
822:
815:
808:
801:
794:
787:
780:
773:
766:
759:
752:
745:
738:
731:
724:
717:
710:
703:
696:
689:
682:
674:
673:
666:
659:
652:
645:
638:
631:
624:
617:
610:
603:
596:
589:
582:
575:
568:
561:
554:
547:
540:
533:
526:
519:
512:
505:
498:
491:
484:
477:
470:
463:
456:
448:
447:
440:
433:
426:
419:
412:
405:
398:
391:
384:
377:
370:
363:
356:
349:
342:
335:
333:
331:
324:
316:
315:
308:
301:
294:
287:
280:
273:
266:
259:
252:
245:
238:
231:
224:
217:
210:
203:
201:
194:
186:
185:
178:
171:
164:
157:
150:
143:
141:
134:
126:
125:
118:
111:
104:
97:
90:
83:
81:
74:
66:
65:
58:
56:
46:
45:
42:periodic table
37:
33:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3877:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3857:
3855:
3840:
3839:
3830:
3828:
3827:
3818:
3817:
3814:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3787:
3786:
3783:
3782:
3780:
3776:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3752:controversies
3750:
3748:
3745:
3744:
3743:
3740:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3722:
3721:
3718:
3717:
3715:
3713:
3709:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3673:Melting point
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3653:Heat capacity
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3608:Boiling point
3606:
3604:
3603:Atomic radius
3601:
3599:
3596:
3595:
3593:
3589:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3554:
3552:
3550:
3546:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3524:
3520:
3516:
3515:
3513:
3511:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3498:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3467:Native metals
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3429:
3427:
3423:
3413:
3410:
3409:
3407:
3405:
3401:
3395:
3394:Dividing line
3392:
3390:
3387:
3386:
3384:
3382:
3378:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3353:
3351:
3349:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3335:
3325:
3322:
3321:
3319:
3317:
3313:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3291:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3251:
3249:
3247:
3243:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3231:17 (Halogens)
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3148:
3146:
3144:
3140:
3137:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3124:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3109:
3107:
3103:
3099:
3092:
3087:
3085:
3080:
3078:
3073:
3072:
3069:
3062:
3058:
3055:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3021:
3020:
3016:
3009:
3004:
3001:
2990:
2986:
2982:
2976:
2973:
2965:
2961:
2955:
2948:
2947:
2939:
2936:
2931:
2927:
2923:
2919:
2915:
2911:
2907:
2903:
2902:
2894:
2891:
2883:
2879:
2875:
2871:
2867:
2863:
2859:
2858:
2850:
2843:
2840:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2818:
2814:
2810:
2806:
2799:
2795:
2788:
2786:
2782:
2777:
2771:
2767:
2763:
2756:
2753:
2747:
2742:
2738:
2731:
2728:
2723:
2719:
2712:
2709:
2704:
2698:
2694:
2687:
2684:
2675:
2669:
2666:
2659:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2643:
2639:
2636:
2635:
2631:
2629:
2627:
2626:spectrometers
2623:
2619:
2610:
2608:
2604:
2602:
2601:rutherfordium
2598:
2594:
2590:
2585:
2577:
2567:
2562:
2560:
2555:
2553:
2548:
2546:
2541:
2539:
2534:
2532:
2527:
2525:
2520:
2518:
2513:
2511:
2506:
2504:
2499:
2497:
2492:
2490:
2485:
2483:
2478:
2476:
2471:
2469:
2467:Rutherfordium
2464:
2462:
2457:
2455:
2450:
2448:
2443:
2441:
2436:
2434:
2429:
2427:
2422:
2420:
2415:
2413:
2408:
2406:
2401:
2399:
2394:
2392:
2387:
2385:
2380:
2378:
2373:
2371:
2366:
2364:
2359:
2357:
2352:
2350:
2345:
2344:
2341:
2336:
2334:
2329:
2327:
2322:
2320:
2315:
2313:
2308:
2306:
2301:
2299:
2294:
2292:
2287:
2285:
2280:
2278:
2273:
2271:
2266:
2264:
2259:
2257:
2252:
2250:
2245:
2243:
2238:
2236:
2231:
2229:
2224:
2222:
2217:
2215:
2210:
2208:
2203:
2201:
2196:
2194:
2189:
2187:
2182:
2180:
2175:
2173:
2168:
2166:
2161:
2159:
2154:
2152:
2147:
2145:
2140:
2138:
2133:
2131:
2126:
2124:
2119:
2118:
2115:
2110:
2108:
2103:
2101:
2096:
2094:
2089:
2087:
2082:
2080:
2075:
2073:
2068:
2066:
2061:
2059:
2054:
2052:
2047:
2045:
2040:
2038:
2033:
2031:
2026:
2024:
2019:
2017:
2012:
2010:
2005:
2001:
1999:
1994:
1992:
1987:
1986:
1983:
1978:
1976:
1971:
1969:
1964:
1962:
1957:
1955:
1950:
1948:
1943:
1941:
1936:
1934:
1929:
1927:
1922:
1920:
1915:
1913:
1908:
1906:
1901:
1899:
1894:
1892:
1887:
1885:
1880:
1878:
1873:
1869:
1864:
1862:
1857:
1856:
1853:
1848:
1846:
1841:
1839:
1834:
1832:
1827:
1825:
1820:
1818:
1813:
1809:
1804:
1802:
1797:
1796:
1793:
1788:
1786:
1781:
1779:
1774:
1772:
1767:
1765:
1760:
1758:
1753:
1749:
1744:
1742:
1737:
1736:
1733:
1728:
1724:
1719:
1718:
1712:
1701:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1672:
1668:
1665:
1664:Moscow Oblast
1661:
1657:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1645:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1613:
1611:
1610:KĹŤsuke Morita
1607:
1606:WakĹŤ, Saitama
1603:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1536:
1532:, the German
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1499:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1434:
1433:rutherfordium
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1409:rutherfordium
1406:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1394:rutherfordium
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1274:
1273:Johan Gadolin
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1208:
1206:
1202:
1201:Glenn Seaborg
1198:
1194:
1190:
1189:
1188:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1168:
1160:
1158:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1143:
1141:
1137:
1132:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1105:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1046:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1011:radioisotopes
1008:
1004:
959:
952:
950:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
920:
916:
908:
898:
893:
891:
886:
884:
879:
877:
872:
870:
865:
863:
858:
856:
851:
849:
844:
842:
837:
835:
830:
828:
823:
821:
816:
814:
809:
807:
802:
800:
798:Rutherfordium
795:
793:
788:
786:
781:
779:
774:
772:
767:
765:
760:
758:
753:
751:
746:
744:
739:
737:
732:
730:
725:
723:
718:
716:
711:
709:
704:
702:
697:
695:
690:
688:
683:
681:
676:
675:
672:
667:
665:
660:
658:
653:
651:
646:
644:
639:
637:
632:
630:
625:
623:
618:
616:
611:
609:
604:
602:
597:
595:
590:
588:
583:
581:
576:
574:
569:
567:
562:
560:
555:
553:
548:
546:
541:
539:
534:
532:
527:
525:
520:
518:
513:
511:
506:
504:
499:
497:
492:
490:
485:
483:
478:
476:
471:
469:
464:
462:
457:
455:
450:
449:
446:
441:
439:
434:
432:
427:
425:
420:
418:
413:
411:
406:
404:
399:
397:
392:
390:
385:
383:
378:
376:
371:
369:
364:
362:
357:
355:
350:
348:
343:
341:
336:
332:
330:
325:
323:
318:
317:
314:
309:
307:
302:
300:
295:
293:
288:
286:
281:
279:
274:
272:
267:
265:
260:
258:
253:
251:
246:
244:
239:
237:
232:
230:
225:
223:
218:
216:
211:
209:
204:
200:
195:
193:
188:
187:
184:
179:
177:
172:
170:
165:
163:
158:
156:
151:
149:
144:
140:
135:
133:
128:
127:
124:
119:
117:
112:
110:
105:
103:
98:
96:
91:
89:
84:
80:
75:
73:
68:
67:
64:
59:
55:
50:
49:
43:
30:
19:
3831:
3819:
3802:Trivial name
3790:nomenclature
3471:
3462:Heavy metals
3457:Noble metals
3216:14 (Tetrels)
3112:Alternatives
3003:
2993:, retrieved
2989:the original
2984:
2975:
2945:
2938:
2905:
2899:
2893:
2861:
2855:
2842:
2808:
2804:
2761:
2755:
2730:
2711:
2692:
2686:
2674:dwarf planet
2668:
2641:
2614:
2611:Applications
2605:
2596:
2592:
2588:
2587:
2575:
2509:Darmstadtium
2376:Protactinium
2150:Praseodymium
1624:
1574:
1567:becquerelium
1566:
1559:darmstadtium
1548:Lise Meitner
1533:
1515:nielsbohrium
1514:
1463:
1456:nielsbohrium
1455:
1447:
1432:
1427:(Ku), after
1425:kurchatovium
1424:
1401:
1393:
1370:
1362:
1358:
1351:Alfred Nobel
1317:Enrico Fermi
1170:
1144:
1133:
1106:
1047:
1000:
918:
914:
912:
906:
840:Darmstadtium
707:Protactinium
481:Praseodymium
3838:WikiProject
3582:Term symbol
3412:Noble gases
3356:Lanthanides
3339:metallicity
3211:13 (Triels)
2551:Livermorium
2523:Copernicium
2516:Roentgenium
2446:Mendelevium
2432:Einsteinium
2425:Californium
1671:livermorium
1593:copernicium
1582:roentgenium
1458:(Ns) after
1396:(Rf) after
1365:(Jl) after
1328:mendelevium
1302:einsteinium
1291:californium
1265:Marie Curie
1161:Discoveries
1155:controversy
1140:Einsteinium
1136:californium
1082:beta decays
1078:uranium ore
1058:radioactive
882:Livermorium
854:Copernicium
847:Roentgenium
777:Mendelevium
763:Einsteinium
756:Californium
3854:Categories
3762:for people
3757:for places
3730:1871 table
3623:Elasticity
3591:Data pages
3549:Properties
3425:Other sets
3381:Metalloids
2995:2015-08-26
2811:(1): 5–9.
2739:(Report).
2660:References
2558:Tennessine
2502:Meitnerium
2481:Seaborgium
2460:Lawrencium
2199:Dysprosium
2185:Gadolinium
2164:Promethium
2036:Technetium
2029:Molybdenum
1830:Phosphorus
1678:tennessine
1544:meitnerium
1535:Bundesland
1507:Niels Bohr
1471:seaborgium
1460:Niels Bohr
1402:lawrencium
1378:lawrencium
1295:California
1269:gadolinium
1165:See also:
1035:promethium
1031:technetium
921:) are the
889:Tennessine
833:Meitnerium
812:Seaborgium
791:Lawrencium
530:Dysprosium
516:Gadolinium
495:Promethium
367:Technetium
360:Molybdenum
161:Phosphorus
3747:etymology
3598:Abundance
3523:in humans
3519:Abundance
3404:Nonmetals
3361:Actinides
2741:CiteSeerX
2642:superatom
2618:americium
2565:Oganesson
2544:Moscovium
2537:Flerovium
2418:Berkelium
2404:Americium
2397:Plutonium
2390:Neptunium
2227:Ytterbium
2157:Neodymium
2136:Lanthanum
2099:Tellurium
2057:Palladium
2043:Ruthenium
2015:Zirconium
1997:Strontium
1953:Germanium
1904:Manganese
1860:Potassium
1816:Aluminium
1807:Magnesium
1747:Beryllium
1689:oganesson
1682:Tennessee
1660:moscovium
1649:flerovium
1604:RIKEN in
1563:Darmstadt
1484:Darmstadt
1452:Otto Hahn
1386:cyclotron
1363:joliotium
1280:berkelium
1246:americium
1235:plutonium
1212:neptunium
1109:synthetic
1062:half-life
1060:, with a
1054:plutonium
1050:neptunium
1025:(such as
1013:(such as
1005:(such as
947:synthetic
943:plutonium
939:neptunium
896:Oganesson
875:Moscovium
868:Flerovium
749:Berkelium
735:Americium
728:Plutonium
721:Neptunium
558:Ytterbium
488:Neodymium
467:Lanthanum
430:Tellurium
388:Palladium
374:Ruthenium
346:Zirconium
328:Strontium
284:Germanium
235:Manganese
191:Potassium
147:Aluminium
138:Magnesium
78:Beryllium
3826:Category
3778:See also
3648:Hardness
3501:Elements
2964:Archived
2882:Archived
2878:98322292
2831:Archived
2796:(2002).
2722:Archived
2632:See also
2530:Nihonium
2453:Nobelium
2362:Actinium
2348:Francium
2332:Astatine
2325:Polonium
2304:Thallium
2283:Platinum
2255:Tungsten
2248:Tantalum
2234:Lutetium
2178:Europium
2171:Samarium
2092:Antimony
1990:Rubidium
1967:Selenium
1897:Chromium
1890:Vanadium
1883:Titanium
1876:Scandium
1844:Chlorine
1784:Fluorine
1770:Nitrogen
1722:Hydrogen
1629:Japanese
1617:nihonium
1371:nobelium
1359:nobelium
1347:nobelium
1284:Berkeley
1250:europium
1043:francium
1039:astatine
1003:isotopes
953:Overview
861:Nihonium
784:Nobelium
693:Actinium
679:Francium
663:Astatine
656:Polonium
635:Thallium
614:Platinum
586:Tungsten
579:Tantalum
565:Lutetium
509:Europium
502:Samarium
423:Antimony
321:Rubidium
298:Selenium
228:Chromium
221:Vanadium
214:Titanium
207:Scandium
175:Chlorine
115:Fluorine
101:Nitrogen
53:Hydrogen
3712:History
3618:Density
3246:Periods
2930:9953034
2910:Bibcode
2813:Bibcode
2495:Hassium
2488:Bohrium
2474:Dubnium
2439:Fermium
2383:Uranium
2369:Thorium
2318:Bismuth
2276:Iridium
2262:Rhenium
2241:Hafnium
2220:Thulium
2206:Holmium
2192:Terbium
2122:Caesium
2071:Cadmium
2050:Rhodium
2022:Niobium
2008:Yttrium
1981:Krypton
1974:Bromine
1960:Arsenic
1946:Gallium
1867:Calcium
1823:Silicon
1740:Lithium
1709:in the
1599:(1996).
1575:hahnium
1554:(1982).
1522:hassium
1503:bohrium
1464:dubnium
1448:hahnium
1440:dubnium
1342:(1955).
1338:of the
1323:(1952).
1313:fermium
1308:(1952).
1230:(1940).
1226:in the
1220:uranium
1216:Neptune
1125:dubnium
1023:thorium
1015:uranium
931:uranium
826:Hassium
819:Bohrium
805:Dubnium
770:Fermium
714:Uranium
700:Thorium
649:Bismuth
607:Iridium
593:Rhenium
572:Hafnium
551:Thulium
537:Holmium
523:Terbium
453:Caesium
402:Cadmium
381:Rhodium
353:Niobium
339:Yttrium
312:Krypton
305:Bromine
291:Arsenic
277:Gallium
198:Calcium
154:Silicon
71:Lithium
40:in the
3742:Naming
3539:Symbol
3348:Metals
3316:Blocks
3304:Pyykkö
3299:Fricke
3294:Aufbau
3143:Groups
3061:Online
3054:Online
3010:, NNDC
2956:
2928:
2876:
2772:
2743:
2699:
2411:Curium
2355:Radium
2269:Osmium
2213:Erbium
2143:Cerium
2129:Barium
2106:Iodine
2078:Indium
2064:Silver
1932:Copper
1925:Nickel
1918:Cobalt
1837:Sulfur
1800:Sodium
1777:Oxygen
1763:Carbon
1731:Helium
1569:after
1530:Hessen
1494:, and
1261:Pierre
1257:curium
1224:Uranus
1203:, and
1121:curium
1084:(e.g.
1041:, and
1007:oxygen
994:
988:
982:
976:
970:
964:
742:Curium
686:Radium
600:Osmium
544:Erbium
474:Cerium
460:Barium
437:Iodine
409:Indium
395:Silver
263:Copper
256:Nickel
249:Cobalt
168:Sulfur
131:Sodium
108:Oxygen
94:Carbon
62:Helium
3785:IUPAC
3510:Lists
2967:(PDF)
2950:(PDF)
2885:(PDF)
2874:S2CID
2852:(PDF)
2834:(PDF)
2801:(PDF)
2339:Radon
2113:Xenon
1851:Argon
1756:Boron
1687:118.
1676:117.
1669:116.
1658:115.
1647:114.
1625:Nihon
1621:Japan
1615:113.
1591:112.
1580:111.
1557:110.
1542:109.
1539:JINR.
1526:Latin
1520:108.
1501:107.
1469:106.
1444:Dubna
1438:105.
1407:104.
1376:103.
1345:102.
1326:101.
1311:100.
1239:Pluto
1185:RIKEN
1147:IUPAC
1027:radon
925:with
670:Radon
444:Xenon
182:Argon
87:Boron
3517:By:
2954:ISBN
2926:PMID
2770:ISBN
2697:ISBN
2624:and
2311:Lead
2290:Gold
1939:Zinc
1911:Iron
1791:Neon
1511:atom
1300:99.
1289:98.
1278:97.
1263:and
1255:96.
1244:95.
1233:94.
1210:93.
1123:and
1052:and
941:and
913:The
642:Lead
621:Gold
270:Zinc
242:Iron
122:Neon
3337:By
2918:doi
2866:doi
2821:doi
2597:SHE
2085:Tin
1627:in
1149:'s
1115:or
1104:).
1076:in
416:Tin
3856::
3289:8+
3206:12
3201:11
3196:10
2983:,
2962:.
2924:.
2916:.
2906:32
2904:.
2880:.
2872:.
2862:69
2860:.
2854:.
2829:.
2819:.
2809:33
2807:.
2803:.
2784:^
2768:.
2628:.
1612::
1490:,
1199:,
1157:.
1131:.
1102:Pu
1100:→
1098:Np
1096:→
1092:→
1088:+
1037:,
1033:,
949:.
3525:)
3521:(
3284:7
3279:6
3274:5
3269:4
3264:3
3259:2
3254:1
3191:9
3186:8
3181:7
3176:6
3171:5
3166:4
3161:3
3090:e
3083:t
3076:v
2932:.
2920::
2912::
2868::
2823::
2815::
2778:.
2749:.
2705:.
2676:.
2644:)
2576:Z
1623:(
1435:.
1275:.
1094:U
1090:n
1086:U
907:Z
31:.
20:)
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