379:
1472:
286:
31:
371:
269:
fly close to the wind. A low angle of attack results in less power, but speed is increased and the kite can fly a lot closer to the edge of the wind window. Fixed bridle kites may be used with handles or a bar, with handles typically being preferable for activities such as kite jumping and kite buggying, and a bar being preferable for kite landboarding.
1133:
101:
inflatable edge and ribs. LEI kites are primarily used for kitesurfing, as they retain their structure when wet and can be easily relaunched from the water after sitting on the surface for an extended period. Conversely, an open-celled foil kite crashed into the sea immediately becomes saturated with water and unflyable.
443:
and a ball-socket swivel allowing the pilot to sail upwind and uphill but also to take off into the air at will. Strasilla and his Swiss friend Andrea Kuhn used this invention also in combination with surfboards and snowboards, grasskies and self-made buggies. One of his patents describes in 1979 the
323:
Kite safety systems have become more prevalent in recent years, and today almost all 4 and 5 line kites are used with a safety system designed to remove power from the kite in the event that the user becomes overpowered or loses control of the kite. When flying a fixed bridle kite, one or more straps
408:
In
October 1977 Gijsbertus Adrianus Panhuise (Netherlands) received the first patent for KiteSurfing. The patent covers, specifically, a water sport using a floating board of a surf board type where a pilot standing up on it is pulled by a wind catching device of a parachute type tied to his harness
331:
Some depowerable kites have a 5th line safety system, the 5th line being redundant during normal use until the safety mechanism is activated. Here, all of the usual four lines are slackened, causing the kite to either fold or roll backwards, and lose its profile to the wind and therefore its power.
268:
which is set by the bridle. Small adjustments may be possible by adjusting the bridle with the kite on the ground, however the angle of attack is not adjustable whilst the kite is airborne. A high angle of attack setting results in more power from the kite, but at the expense of speed and ability to
255:
The lift generated by the kite and other flying characteristics are affected by the kite's angle of attack, which is set by the bridle; the arrangement of lines which terminate the main kite lines and attach to a number of points across the kite's surface. Power kites having 4 or 5 lines come in two
277:
Depowerable kites are used with a control bar and harness system, with the kite's primary power lines attached to the user's harness through a hole in the centre of the bar. The bar has a few inches of travel along the lines, and the lines are configured such that the user may pull the bar towards
349:
used kites of increased size to propel carts on land and ships on the water, using a four-line control system—the same system in common use today. Both carts and boats were able to turn and sail upwind. The kites could be flown for sustained periods. The intention was to establish kitepower as an
96:
Foil kites consist of a number of cells with cloth ribs in each cell. It is the profile of these ribs that gives the kite its aerofoil shape and enable it to generate lift. The most common type is the ram-air foil, where each cell has a gauze-covered opening at the front, meaning air is forced in
100:
Leading edge inflatable kites (LEIs) are made of a single skin of fabric with, as the name suggests, an inflated tubular leading edge and inflated ribs. The leading edge and ribs are inflated by the user with a pump prior to launching the kite. The profile of an LEI type kite comes from the
770:
327:
Depowerable kites have safety systems that work in a similar way, but since the kite is semi-permanently attached to the user's harness, a toggle or handle is used to activate the safety system which releases the bar and power lines from the harness.
416:
UK, set the world record for kite traction at sea, travelling nearly 26 miles under wind power alone along the
English channel. This followed a successful crossing of the English Channel from Sussex to France by Locke & Carter the previous year.
324:
known as 'kite killers' are attached to the user's wrist(s) by bungee cords. When the handles or bar are released, these straps pull on the kite's brake lines at the trailing edge of the kite, allowing the kite to flap in the wind with no structure.
278:
themselves to increase the kite's angle of attack, increasing the lift and thus the power delivered through the harness whilst the kite is in flight. Kites used for kitesurfing are almost invariably depowerable, and some modern kites such as
306:
97:
during flight, giving the kite its stiffness and enabling it to hold its profile. Some ram-air foils are closed-cell, where a one-way valve locks the air inside the cells, giving some increased water relaunch capability.
197:. As an alternative to fuel-powered generators, shipping container sized generators can provide electricity to remote locations using large computer-controlled foil kites and battery reserves. Kites are used to reach
451:, developed kites for kitesurfing in the late 1970s and early 1980s and patented an inflatable kite design in November 1984, a design that has been used by companies to develop their own products.
912:
310:
409:
on a trapeze type belt. Although this patent did not result in any commercial interest, Gijsbertus
Adrianus Panhuise could be considered as the originator of KiteSurfing.
308:
247:
Power kites range in size from 1.2 to 50 m (13 to 538 sq ft). All kites are made for specific purposes: some for water, land, power or maneuverability.
401:
flying lines and more controllable kites with improved efficiency contributed to practical kite traction. In 1978, Ian Day's "FlexiFoil" kite-powered
Tornado
716:
309:
905:
783:
307:
898:
671:
584:
809:
736:
696:
1436:
1065:
1199:
290:
78:
1189:
378:
350:
alternative to horsepower, partly to avoid the hated "horse tax" that was levied at that time. Aviation pioneer
713:
346:
198:
610:
515:
1263:
884:
559:
82:
1458:
463:
182:
794:
1376:
1122:
194:
86:
587:. Optimisation in Engineering Center (OPTEC) Katholieke Universiteit Leuven. 2010-01-19. Archived from
765:
1500:
1348:
563:
233:
90:
1441:
1325:
1058:
163:
Power kites can also be used recreationally without a vehicle or board, as in kite jumping or kite
768:, Bruno T. Legaignoux, Dominique M. Legaignoux, "Propulsive wing with inflatable armature"
1386:
1298:
953:
847:
38:
534:
1391:
1283:
1250:
1001:
484:
470:
kite. Kite buggying proved to be popular worldwide, with over 14,000 buggies sold up to 1999.
172:
125:
420:
Through the 1980s, there were occasionally successful attempts to combine kites with canoes,
1293:
1231:
1102:
1014:
355:
164:
129:
588:
1446:
1415:
813:
740:
720:
359:
265:
244:
was the first sailing craft to exceed a speed of 50 knots (93 km/h) in
October 2008.
1495:
1475:
1401:
1051:
1489:
806:
733:
429:
221:
138:
447:
Two brothers, Bruno
Legaignoux and Dominique Legaignoux, from the Atlantic coast of
439:
developed parachute-skiing and later perfected a kite-skiing system using self-made
1381:
1358:
1303:
1273:
1268:
1258:
1221:
1165:
1155:
1097:
986:
966:
938:
489:
210:
176:
168:
134:
109:
Power kites are generally used in conjunction with a vehicle or board, such as in:
875:
A more efficient traction kite would beat all skate sails, at least in light wind.
285:
1332:
1320:
1308:
1178:
1107:
1032:
1024:
922:
872:
752:
351:
282:
allow power to be reduced by almost 100% for increased safety and versatility.
241:
237:
229:
143:
113:
34:
30:
370:
1420:
1396:
1313:
1288:
1226:
1216:
1211:
1160:
1141:
1117:
1083:
991:
930:
841:
479:
459:
455:
440:
382:
202:
190:
186:
149:
119:
890:
17:
1407:
1353:
1237:
1184:
425:
421:
402:
298:
157:
74:
332:
The kite is left attached to the user by the 5th line to allow retrieval.
1452:
1278:
1204:
1172:
1150:
976:
961:
943:
494:
467:
413:
294:
279:
93:
used with these kites which have two to five lines and a bar or handles.
1043:
878:
981:
436:
398:
217:
1194:
466:. Lynn coupled a three-wheeled buggy with a forerunner of the modern
448:
394:
386:
46:
377:
369:
304:
284:
81:. There are also other less common types of power kite including
1132:
1092:
1074:
1009:
206:
62:
42:
1047:
894:
648:
153:
240:(46 km/h) in 1982, a record that stood for six years. A
628:
435:
Throughout the 1970s and early 1980s, Dieter
Strasilla from
873:
Current traction kites are aerodynamically far from optimal
27:
Large kite designed to provide significant pull to the user
843:
History of paragliding: Andrea with surfboard and skywing
826:
444:
first use of an inflatable kite design for kitesurfing.
362:
in a small collapsible canvas boat powered by a kite.
412:
On 28 August 1982 Greg Locke and Simon Carter, from
1429:
1369:
1341:
1247:
1140:
1082:
1023:
1000:
952:
929:
181:Research is also under way in the use of kites to
65:designed to provide significant pull to the user.
887:- How to use a powerkite (language : French)
205:, which are always present, even if ground level
497:- industrial-scale power kites for pulling ships
171:to the ground or one or more people to provide
1059:
906:
753:Samuel Franklin Cody and his man-lifting kite
8:
649:"Wind Power: Unleashing its Full Potential"
611:"Giant kites to tap power of the high wind"
560:"Competitors for kite generated wind power"
516:"Giant kites to tap power of the high wind"
1066:
1052:
1044:
913:
899:
891:
785:, Patent NL7603691 (A) ― 11 October 1977
358:" and in 1903 succeeded in crossing the
256:variants, fixed bridle and depowerable.
29:
697:"The Triple A Bridle Adjustment System"
678:. World Sailing Speed Records Committee
666:
664:
506:
393:In the late 1970s, the development of
374:1984 patent of the Legaignoux brothers
216:Kites of related design are used for
7:
167:, where a harnessed kite flier is
73:The two most common forms are the
25:
755:, www.design-technology.org, 2005
533:Martinelli, Nicole (2006-10-10).
122:on a purpose-built 3-wheeled cart
1471:
1470:
1131:
850:from the original on 2021-12-12.
629:"Kitepower Airborne Wind Energy"
264:Fixed bridle kites have a fixed
37:in strong onshore winds off the
1437:American Kitefliers Association
130:all-terrain/mountain/land board
734:A brief history of kitesurfing
89:. There are several different
1:
796:, Kitelines Vol 4, No. 3, p60
535:"Generating Power From Kites"
1200:Leading edge inflatable kite
1190:Inflatable single-line kite
1517:
879:Kiteboarding Links - Guide
234:world sailing speed record
1467:
1129:
840:Dieter Strasilla (1987).
719:29 November 2006 at the
609:Jha, Alok (2008-08-03).
514:Jha, Alok (2008-08-03).
1264:Kite aerial photography
881:All about Kite Surfing.
405:exceeded 40 km/h.
183:generate electric power
79:leading edge inflatable
1459:List of kite festivals
807:Sea kayaking and kites
743:, Aquilandia.com, 2006
739:19 August 2006 at the
714:History of kitesurfing
464:Ashburton, New Zealand
390:
375:
315:
302:
87:soft single skin kites
50:
1377:Alexander Graham Bell
381:
373:
313:
288:
195:airborne wind turbine
33:
1349:Kite control systems
885:Powerkiter (France)
541:. Condé Nast Digital
251:Bridle configuration
1442:Ballooning (spider)
1326:Powered paragliding
812:3 July 2006 at the
672:"500 Metre Records"
454:In 1990, practical
354:developed several "
236:with a speed of 25
199:high altitude winds
1387:William Abner Eddy
1299:Kite rollerskating
1103:Human-lifting kite
1015:Human-lifting kite
954:Vehicle propulsion
827:"Dieter Strasilla"
462:at Argyle Park in
391:
385:lifting a kite in
376:
316:
303:
232:, set the C-Class
83:rigid-framed kites
51:
1483:
1482:
1392:Lawrence Hargrave
1284:Kite landboarding
1041:
1040:
1002:Kite applications
485:Kite applications
458:was pioneered by
356:man-lifting kites
311:
230:kite-powered boat
185:to be fed into a
126:kite landboarding
16:(Redirected from
1508:
1474:
1473:
1294:Kite ice skating
1232:Tetrahedral kite
1135:
1068:
1061:
1054:
1045:
915:
908:
901:
892:
861:
860:Patent DE2933050
858:
852:
851:
837:
831:
830:
823:
817:
803:
797:
792:
786:
781:
775:
774:
773:
769:
762:
756:
750:
744:
730:
724:
710:
704:
703:
701:
693:
687:
686:
684:
683:
668:
659:
658:
656:
655:
645:
639:
638:
636:
635:
625:
619:
618:
606:
600:
599:
597:
596:
581:
575:
574:
572:
571:
556:
550:
549:
547:
546:
530:
524:
523:
511:
389:, September 1988
314:Power kite video
312:
289:Illustration of
21:
1516:
1515:
1511:
1510:
1509:
1507:
1506:
1505:
1486:
1485:
1484:
1479:
1463:
1447:Kite (geometry)
1425:
1416:Francis Rogallo
1365:
1337:
1249:
1243:
1136:
1127:
1078:
1077:and kite flying
1072:
1042:
1037:
1019:
996:
948:
925:
921:Application of
919:
869:
864:
859:
855:
839:
838:
834:
825:
824:
820:
814:Wayback Machine
804:
800:
793:
789:
782:
778:
771:
764:
763:
759:
751:
747:
741:Wayback Machine
731:
727:
721:Wayback Machine
711:
707:
699:
695:
694:
690:
681:
679:
670:
669:
662:
653:
651:
647:
646:
642:
633:
631:
627:
626:
622:
608:
607:
603:
594:
592:
583:
582:
578:
569:
567:
564:Next Big Future
558:
557:
553:
544:
542:
532:
531:
527:
513:
512:
508:
504:
476:
368:
360:English Channel
343:
338:
321:
305:
301:(T) power kites
275:
266:angle of attack
262:
253:
137:on all-terrain
107:
91:control systems
71:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1514:
1512:
1504:
1503:
1498:
1488:
1487:
1481:
1480:
1468:
1465:
1464:
1462:
1461:
1456:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1433:
1431:
1427:
1426:
1424:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1412:
1411:
1402:Jackie Matisse
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1373:
1371:
1367:
1366:
1364:
1363:
1362:
1361:
1351:
1345:
1343:
1339:
1338:
1336:
1335:
1330:
1329:
1328:
1318:
1317:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1255:
1253:
1248:Activities and
1245:
1244:
1242:
1241:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1208:
1207:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1175:
1170:
1169:
1168:
1158:
1153:
1147:
1145:
1138:
1137:
1130:
1128:
1126:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1089:
1087:
1080:
1079:
1073:
1071:
1070:
1063:
1056:
1048:
1039:
1038:
1036:
1035:
1029:
1027:
1021:
1020:
1018:
1017:
1012:
1006:
1004:
998:
997:
995:
994:
989:
984:
979:
974:
969:
964:
958:
956:
950:
949:
947:
946:
941:
935:
933:
927:
926:
920:
918:
917:
910:
903:
895:
889:
888:
882:
876:
868:
867:External links
865:
863:
862:
853:
832:
818:
798:
787:
776:
757:
745:
725:
723:Kitesurfingnow
712:Jakob Jelling
705:
688:
660:
640:
620:
601:
576:
551:
525:
505:
503:
500:
499:
498:
492:
487:
482:
475:
472:
367:
364:
345:In the 1820s,
342:
339:
337:
334:
320:
317:
274:
271:
261:
258:
252:
249:
226:Jacob's Ladder
193:are a type of
161:
160:
147:
141:
132:
123:
117:
116:on a kiteboard
106:
103:
70:
67:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1513:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1493:
1491:
1478:
1477:
1466:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1454:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1434:
1432:
1428:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1410:
1409:
1405:
1404:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1374:
1372:
1368:
1360:
1357:
1356:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1346:
1344:
1340:
1334:
1331:
1327:
1324:
1323:
1322:
1319:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1281:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1269:Kite fighting
1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1256:
1254:
1252:
1246:
1240:
1239:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1206:
1203:
1202:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1180:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1167:
1164:
1163:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1139:
1134:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1081:
1076:
1069:
1064:
1062:
1057:
1055:
1050:
1049:
1046:
1034:
1031:
1030:
1028:
1026:
1022:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1007:
1005:
1003:
999:
993:
990:
988:
985:
983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
970:
968:
965:
963:
960:
959:
957:
955:
951:
945:
942:
940:
937:
936:
934:
932:
928:
924:
916:
911:
909:
904:
902:
897:
896:
893:
886:
883:
880:
877:
874:
871:
870:
866:
857:
854:
849:
845:
844:
836:
833:
828:
822:
819:
815:
811:
808:
802:
799:
795:
791:
788:
784:
780:
777:
767:
761:
758:
754:
749:
746:
742:
738:
735:
729:
726:
722:
718:
715:
709:
706:
698:
692:
689:
677:
676:WSSRC Records
673:
667:
665:
661:
650:
644:
641:
630:
624:
621:
616:
612:
605:
602:
591:on 2011-05-20
590:
586:
580:
577:
565:
561:
555:
552:
540:
536:
529:
526:
521:
517:
510:
507:
501:
496:
493:
491:
488:
486:
483:
481:
478:
477:
473:
471:
469:
465:
461:
457:
456:kite buggying
452:
450:
445:
442:
438:
433:
431:
430:roller skates
427:
424:, snow skis,
423:
418:
415:
410:
406:
404:
400:
396:
388:
384:
380:
372:
365:
363:
361:
357:
353:
348:
347:George Pocock
340:
335:
333:
329:
325:
318:
300:
296:
292:
287:
283:
281:
272:
270:
267:
259:
257:
250:
248:
245:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
222:speed sailing
219:
214:
212:
211:wind turbines
209:available to
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
179:
178:
174:
170:
166:
159:
155:
151:
148:
145:
142:
140:
139:roller skates
136:
133:
131:
127:
124:
121:
120:kite buggying
118:
115:
112:
111:
110:
104:
102:
98:
94:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
68:
66:
64:
60:
59:traction kite
56:
48:
44:
40:
36:
32:
19:
18:Traction kite
1469:
1451:
1406:
1382:John Barresi
1359:Kite mooring
1304:Kiteboarding
1274:Kite fishing
1259:Hang gliding
1251:applications
1236:
1222:Rogallo wing
1177:
1166:Rokkaku dako
1156:Bermuda kite
1112:
1098:Fighter kite
987:Land sailing
971:
967:Sailing ship
939:Wind turbine
856:
842:
835:
821:
805:Mark Harris
801:
790:
779:
760:
748:
728:
708:
691:
680:. Retrieved
675:
652:. Retrieved
643:
632:. Retrieved
623:
615:The Observer
614:
604:
593:. Retrieved
589:the original
585:"Kite Power"
579:
568:. Retrieved
566:. 2008-08-04
554:
543:. Retrieved
538:
528:
520:The Observer
519:
509:
490:Kite mooring
453:
446:
434:
419:
411:
407:
392:
366:20th century
344:
341:19th century
330:
326:
322:
276:
263:
260:Fixed bridle
254:
246:
225:
220:, including
215:
213:are absent.
180:
162:
135:kite skating
108:
99:
95:
72:
58:
54:
52:
1501:Kitesurfing
1333:Parasailing
1321:Paragliding
1309:Kiteboating
1179:Chapi-chapi
1108:Indoor kite
1033:Windcatcher
1025:Air current
923:wind energy
816:, July 2002
732:Peter Lynn
441:paragliders
352:Samuel Cody
273:Depowerable
191:Laddermills
165:man lifting
146:, on a boat
144:kiteboating
114:kitesurfing
61:is a large
39:north shore
35:Kitesurfing
1490:Categories
1421:Tyrus Wong
1397:Peter Lynn
1314:Kite buggy
1289:Snowkiting
1227:Scott sled
1217:Rotor kite
1212:Malay kite
1161:Bowed kite
1123:Water kite
1118:Sport kite
1113:Power kite
992:Rotor ship
972:Power kite
931:Wind power
766:US 4708078
682:2009-12-28
654:2024-06-24
634:2024-06-24
595:2010-01-19
570:2009-12-28
545:2009-12-28
502:References
480:Kite types
460:Peter Lynn
426:water skis
422:ice skates
383:Peter Lynn
203:jet stream
201:such as a
187:power grid
158:snowboards
150:snowkiting
77:, and the
55:power kite
1408:Sea Tails
1354:Kite line
1279:Kite rigs
1238:Wau bulan
1185:Foil kite
944:Wind mill
539:Wired.com
403:catamaran
280:bow kites
242:kiteboard
1476:Category
1453:Kitelife
1205:Bow kite
1173:Box kite
1151:Arc kite
1144:by shape
977:SkySails
962:Sailboat
848:Archived
810:Archived
737:Archived
717:Archived
495:SkySails
474:See also
468:parafoil
414:Brighton
297:(L) and
982:Iceboat
437:Germany
399:Spectra
336:History
218:sailing
173:tension
1370:People
1195:Kytoon
1086:by use
772:
449:France
395:Kevlar
387:Dieppe
319:Safety
169:moored
128:on an
47:Hawaii
1496:Kites
1430:Other
1342:Parts
1142:Types
1084:Types
1075:Kites
700:(PDF)
397:then
293:(R),
238:knots
207:winds
69:Types
43:Oʻahu
1093:Kite
1010:Kite
428:and
299:foil
228:, a
177:lift
175:and
154:skis
105:Uses
85:and
75:foil
63:kite
295:bow
291:LEI
156:or
152:on
57:or
45:in
41:of
1492::
846:.
674:.
663:^
613:.
562:.
537:.
518:.
432:.
224:.
189:.
53:A
1067:e
1060:t
1053:v
914:e
907:t
900:v
829:.
702:.
685:.
657:.
637:.
617:.
598:.
573:.
548:.
522:.
49:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
